牛津上海版九年级名词专题复习
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名词的用法一．定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如：Shanghai, Lilei, desk。
二、分类：A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。
如：Jim, June, China, Harbin.注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。
B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。
(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。
如：boy, teacher, apple…(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。
如：family, people, police, class…(3)物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质。
如：water, money, sea…(4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。
如：health, friendship…三、名词的数A.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）：有单复数之分情况构成读音例词一般的词＋s浊辅音[z]清辅音[s]day-days desk-desks以s, sh, ch, x结尾＋es[iz]match-matches boss-bosses 以辅音＋y结尾改y为i＋es[z]baby-babies fly-fliesfruit → fruits, food → foodsfish → fishes, hair → hairs4. 不可数名词需要用数量来表示时，遵循以下结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词如：a cup of coffee three cups of coffee two glasses of water.类似的短语有：a bowl of noodles a piece of paper/news/bread/fish a packet of sweetsa box of apples a pair of shoes/trousers/glasses a bottle of milka loaf of bread a bar of chocolate a bag of riceC.复合名词的复数变化规则man和woman都要变，girl和boy却不变例：一个男医生a man doctor-----四个男医生four men doctors一个女老师a woman doctor-----女老师们women teachers一个女学生a girl student-----三个女学生three girl students一个男朋友a boy friend----很多男朋友many boy friends批注口诀：男人女人都得变，男孩女孩变后面。
pencil-box→pencil-boxes铅笔盒四、修辞名词的数词及短语①只能修饰可数名词的：a large/ great/ good number of,many,too many, a great many,(a) few,quite a few, many a(n),dozens of, scores of②只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large/huge amount of, much, too much, (a) little,quite a little, a large sum of③既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, all, some, enough,a large quantity of, a good supply of补充1：a dozen of和dozens of：a dozen of : “十二个”“一打”，后接代词或名词。
后接名词时，of可省略，如：a dozen of apples 或a dozen apples （十二个苹果）。
如表示“两打”“三打”时，dozen 在数字后不加“s”，如：two dozen of socks （两打袜子）dozens of : “几十个”，后接名词复数。
由于它表示的是不定的数量，其前不能加数词，但是可以加several 或some。
例如：1．I’d like to buy a dozen of red roses。
（我想买十二朵红玫瑰花。
）2．There are dozens of students on the playground。
（操场上有几十名学生。
）补充2：区分: a number of 和the number ofa number of =a lot of 大量的+名词复数the number of ......的数量+名词单数例如:A number of apples are red. 许多苹果是红色的。
The number of students is 2000. 学生的数量是2000人。
五、名词的所有格定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加’s来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。
基本用法：A. 有生命的名词所有格：名词＋’s 例：Tom’s sister；Children’s Day；Women’s Day例：a picture of my uncle 叔叔本人的照片a picture of my uncle’s我叔叔的一张照片（我叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片）六：名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化一般情况下名词为单数，谓语动词则用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数．看下面的特殊情况：1. 集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式例：Class Three is a very good class.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式例：Class Three have a map of China.2. 度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时，接谓语动词的单数形式:Two months is not a short time. Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).3. 用and连接两个以上的单数名词时，谓语动词要用复数。
如and连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。
（1）The brother and sister are both students.（2）The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.4. 在there be, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…句型中,谓语动词采取就近原则。
例：Either you or he is going to buy the book.5.maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数。
例：The news is so exciting that everybody is wild with joy.6.glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
例：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.批注：请学生要注意glass+es呈复数形式时的意思为“眼镜”。
7.用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。
例：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.8.主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
例：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.9.主语中含有half of… /分数/ all (of) the...等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定。
例：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in EnglishA third of the students were playing near the lake.10.Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。
例：There is a sheep in the yard. / There are some sheep in the yard.IV.选择填空。
（错误率：掌握情况：）( ) 1. There are two hundred in the hospital.A.man doctorB.men doctorsC.men doctorD. man doctors( )2. I have a _______holiday in two days’ time?A.two daysB.two-daysC. two-dayD. two day( )3. There are many swimming in the swimming pool.A.boy studentB. boy studentsC. boys studentD.boys students( )4. There is some and a lot of eggs in the fridge.Grammar--Noun。
