剑桥雅思、、 test 听力原文

C8Test 1Section 1A: Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: Really?A: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the this afternoon to have a look at a and I came across something really interesting A: What? A book ?B: No，a from a festival - mainly music. Look，I've got it here.A: music? I really love the. Let's have a look. So what's this ‘Guitarrini'?B: They're really good. They had a with all the highlights of the festival ata stand in the lobby to the，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments - and flutes and old kinds of. I've never heard anything like it before.A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then? Spoil ourselves?A：Yes，let's.B: The only problem is there aren't any cheap . . . it'sall one .A: Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a really good .B: Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually hear the whole thing better.A: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.A: So will you fill in the or shall I?B: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. : ,West sea. Do you remember our new postcode? Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. Do you need the too?B: Please. I'm really bad at .A: .So，let's book two for Guitarrini. B: Okay. If you're sure _____ each is all right. How do you feel about the singer?A: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the booking that might just persuade me!B: What's that then?A: Free !B: Really ?A: Yes，look here. . Singer, ____includes in the .B: Sounds like a to me!A: Yes，let's book two for that. So, what else? I'mfeeling quite keen now! How about the onthe ?B: Anna Ventura? I've just remembered that's my evening c1assnight.A: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my own - but we cango to the andtogether，can't we?B: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heaven___ a ! I can see we're going to have to go without foodfor the rest of the week - we'll need to book! A: Wish we were 一 look! ， andSenior Citizens get a on everything. B: If only!Section 2Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers'to talk about the Dinosaur and to tell you a bit aboutwhat you can do with your there.Well, let me give you some of the first.In regard to opening _______, we're open every day of the weekfrom_____ to ____ except on when weclose at . And, in fact the only day in the year whenwe’re closed is on the You can book a for your school any time that we'reopen.If you bring a school to the , when you arrivewe ask you to remain with your in the. One ormore of the will welcome you there and brief youabout what the will be about. We do this there becauseour is quite small and we really haven't got muchroom for briefing in the 。

剑桥雅思听力test文本－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思听力t e s t文本文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-剑11-Test 1听力文本SECTION?1Hello?Oh,?hello.?I?wanted?to?enquire?about?hiring?a?room?inthe?Village?Hall,?for?the?evening?of?September?thefirst.Let?me?just?see...Yes,?we?have?both?rooms?available that?evening. There's?our?Main?Hall- that's?got?seating?for?200people.?Or?there's?the?Charlton?Room. ..Sorry?The?Charlton?Room?-?C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N.That's?got?seating?for?up?to?one?hundred.Well,?we're?organising?a?dinner?to?raise?money?for?a?charity,?and?we're?hoping?for?at?least?150people,so?I?think?we'll?go?for?the?Main?Hall.How?much?would?that?cost?Let's?see.?You?wanted?it?for?the?evening?of?September?1st? Yes,?that's?a?Saturday.So?from?6?p.?m.?to?midnight?that'd?be?115?pounds-that's?the?weekend?price,?it's?75?pounds?onweekdays.That's?all?right.And?I?have?to?tell?you?there's?also?a?deposit?of?250?pounds,?which?is?returnable?of?course?aslong?as?there's?no?damage.But?we?do?insist?that?this?is?paid?in?cash,?we?don't?take?cards ?for?that.You?can?pay?the?actual?rent?of?the?room?however?you?like?though ?cash,?credit?card,?cheq ue...Oh,?well?I?suppose?that's?OK.So?does?the?charge?include?use?of?tables?and?chairs?and?so?on?Oh,?yes.And?what?about?parking?Yeah?that's?all?included.The?only?thing?that?isn't?included?is?that...you?said?you?were? organising?a?dinner?Yeah.Well,?you'll?have?to?pay?extra?for?the?kitchen?if?you?want?to?u se?that.?It's?25?pounds.It's?got?very?good?facilities?—?good?quality?cookers?and?fridges?and?so?on.OK,?well?I?suppose?that's?all?right.We?can?cover?the?cost?in?our?entry?charges.Right.?So?I'll?make?a?note?of?that.Now?there?are?just?one?or?two?things?you?need?to?think?about?be fore?the?event.For?example,?you'll?have?to?see?about?getting?a?licence?if?you're?planning?to?have?any?musicduring?the?meal.Oh,?really?It's?quite?straightforward,?I'll?give?you?the?details?later?on.And?about?a?week?or?ten?days?before?your?event?you'll?need?to?contact?the?caretaker,?that's?MrEvans,to?make?the?arrangements?for?entry-?he'Il?sort?that?out?with?you.And?do?I?give?him?the?payment?as?well?No,?you?do?that?directly?with?me.Right. Now is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?Well, as you'll be aware, of course the building is no smoking throughout.Of course.Now, are you having a band?Yes.Well, they'll have a lot of equipment,so rather than using the front door they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there.You can open that from inside but don't forget to lock it at the end.OK.And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire doorthat's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level. It's a legal requirement.Sure. Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don't want anything too loud.Oh, that reminds me, we'll be having speeches-are there any microphones available?Yeah. Just let the caretaker know, he'll get those for you. Right, now when the event is over we do ask that the premises are left in good condition.So there's a locked cupboard and you'Il be informed of the code you need to open that.It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on.Right, so what do we need to do after everyone's gone?Sweep the floors I suppose?Well actually they have to be washed not just swept.Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags,so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door.Of course. We'll make sure everything's left tidy.Oh. and I forgot to ask.I presume we can have decorations in the room?Yes, but you must take them down afterwards.Sure.And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room.I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me.Section 2Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm.This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century.So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further.As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.And do stay at a safe distance from the tools:some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them.We don't want any accidents, do we?The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandalsso I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes - we always advise people to do that.Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs,so do bring them along next time you come.I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have,I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right,and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland — and of course the car park is on your left.The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path,is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanentsculpture.It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze.It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them,but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.As you may know, we run skills workshops here,where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork andbasket-making.You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard:just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it. It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.Right. Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.Section 3OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article youmentioned the one about the study on gender in physics. Aboutthe study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team? Yeah. I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.That's an unusual combination. Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on. They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.That's science, technology, engineering and...-...and math.Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co startedfrom the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college,and also that on average, the women who do enrol on thesecourses perform more poorly than the men.No one really knows why this is the case.Yeah. But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.Right. Now let's see if I can remember...it was that in the physics class,the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics...was that it?And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.But actually they were wrong...No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple — getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.What did they call it?Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them,not particularly to do with the subject they were studying,but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.Right. So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah.But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.A huge change. Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details. Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?Exactly.So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study,but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.OK.So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...something more factual?Like a general knowledge topic.Maybe...or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task. Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.That's it. Good. So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.We should have our aims ready by then.I suppose we need to read the original study — the article's just a summary.And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky.It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own. Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.But I guess it's not that relevant to us.What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...No. We may need some advice on that.The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.That shouldn't be difficult.Right, what do we need to do next?We could have a look at the time table for the science classes...or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors. That'd be better.Great. And we could even get to observe one of the classes. What for?Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea. Right, well... Section 4I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'.These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts atconservation.Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily,but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry. Wormlocated five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.But what he did find was that in all cases,the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths,so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish. A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life. They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick. Some of these species had never been seen before. They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there. However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land. So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members ofone species there are in a particular place and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000. For each one they assess, theyuse the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution. Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out notonly where most species are located but also where they aremost threatened.So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.We have some, but not enough. In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration,so they can get from one area to another safely.As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levelsof fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species. And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.This refers tothe catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective,so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome. OK. So does anyone have any questions...感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

精心整理test1_section1M: Good morning!W: Good morning! How can I help you?M: I understand that the school organizes … umm, trips to different…W:trips.M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W: Oh and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are more than 12 people. M: Oh right. I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?W: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that the students get to know the pattern. We leave at8.30 a.m. and return at 6 p.m. We figure it’s best to keep the day fairly short. M: Oh yes and then how do we reserve a place?W: You sign your name on the notice board. Do you know where it is?M: Ah ha. I saw it this morning.W: And we do ask that you si gn up three days in advance so we know we’ve got enough people interested to run it and we can cancel if necessary with full refund of course. M:That’s fine. Thanks.M:W:havein M:W:M:W:the Tower of London.M:Oh, I’ve already been there.W: Yam. After that is Bristol on the 3rd of March.M: Where?W: Bristol. B-R-I-S-T-O-L.M: Okay.W:That’s in a different mini bus with 18 places available. Oh and the optional extra is visit to the S.S. Great Britain.M: Okay.W:We’re going to Salisbury on the 18th of March. And that’s always the popular oneM:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M: Ok.W:M:All right. I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.W:You’re welcome. I hope you’ll enjoy the trips.test1_section2Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit,I'm just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum before letting you roam about on your own. I won't keep you long. OK?Now from where we're standing you've got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturingore, and sitewere local then the ofSo that's the history for you. If you'd like any more information, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guidebook.Now I’m going to give you a plan of the site and I’d just like to point out whereeverything is and then you can take a look at everything for yourself. I’ve already pointed out the river, which is on the left. And of course running along the bottom is Woodside Road. Got it? Ok, now, we are standing at the entrance. See at the bottom, and immediately to our right is the ticket office. You won’t need that because you’ve got your group booking, but just pass it are the toilets, always could to know where they are.ed topeople living conditions. Across the yard from them, you can see the Stables where the horses were kept for transporting the products. And the separate building in front of them is the Works Office and that still has some of the old accounts on display. Right. If any one wants a guided tour, then I am starting at the engine room. If you’d like to, come along this way please, ladies and gentlemen.test1_section3W: Excuse me, Dr. Johnson. May I speak to you for a minute?M: Sure. Come in.W:I’m Melanie Griffin. I’m taking your course in population studies.M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M:Well. orWhat did you get for your first assignment?W: I got 87 percent.M: Umm. Yes, you did very well indeed. So obviously you can produce good work.W:I don’t think I need too much extra time, as long as I can get hold of some important references.M: Well, s ince you did so well in your first assignment, I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one. So, that will mean you need to submit it about a month from now. W: Oh thank you.M: Now what about the reading materials? So you check out the journal articles in the list? W:Oh, no, not yet. There were about twenty of them I wasn’t sure which ones should beM:W:M:W:M:W:M:W: O k, I won’t borrow with Morris. Oh now, someone told me that the article by Cooper is important.M: Oh yes, but just look at the last part where it discusses the research result.W:And last there’s Forster. I can’t think why I included that one. That’s not bad and could be some help but not that much.M:Now let’s deal with the assignment question. What’s the problem there?W:It’s graph from page 2.M: It seems to be the problem is just about the bar graph showing reasons why peoples change where they live.W:Well I’ve got a photocopy but the reasons at the bottom are missing.M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W: Ok, and Bar 6?M: Bar No.6 is mid-resting. That reason was given quite a lot. People move in because they wanted to be in a more attractive neighbourhood.W: Oh yes. Thank you very much.test1_section4Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I've been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There're two major areas that I'll focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to living.can easily be 20 degrees more than our temperature. Trees, on the other hand, remain cooler than buildings because they sweat. This means they can humidify the air and cool it, a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.Trees can also help break the force of the winds. The reason that high buildings may keepwindier at ground level is that as the wind goes higher and higher, it goes faster and faster. When the wind hits the building, it has to go somewhere. Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building, forcing those high level winds down to ground level. That doesn't happen when you have trees. Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tallmuch of theyou can do if you have what we call a street canyon, a whole set of high-rises enclosed in the narrow street. Trees need water to grow. They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them. If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them, then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce...(End)test2_section1W: Oh, Peter, there you're. It's been ages. What catches so long?M: Sorry, I'm so late, Sally. Have you been waiting long?W:Half an hour. But it doesn't matter. I had a coffee and I had been reading thisM:W:M:W:happen?M:Yes. thetheW:M:he's moving on to Germany tomorrow. He's an architect and he's spending four weeks travelling along Europe.W: Just like us?M: Yes, just like us. He told me the names of some places where we should eat. Great food and not too expensive, he said. Oh, and he also gave me this map of the buses to me, hesaid he didn't need it anymore.W: That's useful. But he's moving on tomorrow. Yes, here's the waitress. Let's order. Do you want something to eat? Or should we just have a drink?M: Well. I'm hungry. And we've got a lot of sightseeing to do. So let's just have a snack and drink.W:M:W:M:W:Well in. AndM: As well as today and tomorrow, we can see some other places on Monday you know. But I don't think the markets will be open then. They only open on Thursdays. So we miss them for this week. Maybe we can go to the Cathedral today because it's Sunday tomorrow. And even though it's open every day it might be difficult to get in tomorrow because the chair services.W: That is true. But the Art Gallery isn't open on Sundays at all. So we'll have to go there today. (En) The Castle is open every day except Monday. So it'll okay there. And the Gardens of course is only closed at night.M: Are all these places free? Or do we have to pay to go in? What does the guidebook say? W:I think there's a charge for all of them except the Botanical Gardens. Oh and theM:W:M:W:So the your studies or in your life outside the university.Let's take academic counselling. If you confuse about subjects or how to combine them of your degree, we can advise you and discuss the career you are aiming for, so that you cansee it all in context. We can also chase up your tutor if you're not getting proper feedback on how you will be getting on your subjects.Besides help with academic problems, you may also need personal counselling. If you think you're already under stress, well, just wait to classes begin next week, you'll have toor you havestudy. you spiritualWhat about exam stress? It effects nearly every one to some extent, but especially oversea students like yourselves. There may be a huge amount of family pressure on you to succeed. And if you fail a subject or drop off a course because it's too difficult, then your self-esteem can suffer, but it's not the end of the world if you don't pass an exam. I had areset first year anthropology so I can certainly offer you a sympathetic hear. Anyway, exam failure can lead varying changes in the way you normally behave.You may also be off your food or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking and upset you and this can affect your health and studies. GlendaThat's item orCan we 240an understaff service, don't you think? That's all for me. Thank you.test2_section3W:Oh, there you are, good. Sorry I'm a bit late. There was a long queue. So have you work out how to do with the assignment then?M1:Not yet. We've been here only a couple of minutes ourselves.W: Can you just remind me what the task is exactly?M2: Well there're two, err, no, three parts to it. The first we have got to write an essay about ways of collecting data, then...W: What's the title of the essay exactly?M1:I've scienceW:M1:choose makingW:M2:W:Did go for? M1:timewe only have to send it out and wait for the responses.W: Yes...I think it probably would be quicker. But what that are the article gave us last week say about the quality of data from questionnaires？M1:I'm pretty sure recommended questionnaires are source of highly reliable data as long as you design the questionnaire properly in the first place the data will be fine.W: No. I'm sure it talks about drawbacks as well, doesn't it, something about the response rate and the problems you get if it is too low.M1: Yes, but we only need data from 5 subjects, anyway.W: Oh, I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentions was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected because it is limited to the questions fixed inM1:W:W:M:W:M:M2:1988.W: Right. Oh, I have got a tutorial now. Can we meet up again later this week. What about Friday morning?M: Suits me. 11 o'clock?W: Fine.M: Before Friday, I think we should all look though the reading list.test2_section4So far, in these lectures, we've been looking at crimes like robbery and murder, both from historical view of point and also in contemporary society. And we've seen the preoccupation of western societies with crime and with lawlessness is a pile of long andmay lose their jobs. So here we're really talking about the links between power and crime.Now this is one area that much less generally known about the conventional or traditional crime. It's been relatively ignored by the mass media. For example, it tends to be underreported in comparison with conventional crime in news broadcasts and in crimeseries of films and so on. They very rarely deal with corporate crime. And it also tends to be ignored in academic circles, as being far more research on conventional crime and far more data is available.There're several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime compared with otherunaware that they've been victims of a crime.the social aspects.and it dilutes its product, so that's just a little below the concentration it should be, many millions of people may be paying a small amount of extra for their carrot orange juice. Now some amounts like this may seem insignificant for individual customers, too small to worry about. But for the company, this deception might result in massive illegal profit. However all our studies of corporate crime agree that the individuals are in fact deprived offar more money by such crime than they're by conventional crime like robbery and theft.In addition to this we have to consider the social costs of corporate crime. And these are again very difficult to assess but they're considerable. They're important because they can undermine the faith of the public in the business world. And also, more importantly,of theNow this illustrates two points to do with corporate crime. First of all, that it's not had to be intentional. The owners of the tanker certainly did not intend it to explode but very serious consequence can result from people or organizations not considering the possible results are their actions seriously enough. The main crime here was indifference to the human results rather than actual intention to harm anyone. But that didn't make theresults any less tragic.And this leads to my second point. That corporate crime can have very severe consequences. It's not just a matter of companies making big profits they should do, but of offense which may affect the lives of innocent people. And here're very often companies,W:S:W:S:W:S: 23, only just. It was my birthday on the 21st of August.W: Ah, happy birthday for yesterday. How long have you been in Australia?S: A year in Adelaide and 6 months in Sydney. I prefer Sydney. I've got more friends here. W: What's your address, your aunt's house?S: Flat 1, 539 Forest Rd. Canterbury and the post code is 2036.W: Okay. What're you studying now?S: I was studying general English in Adelaide. And now I'm doing academic English because I'm trying to get into medicine next year.W: That sounds good, but it'll take you a long time. When would you like to move out from your aunt's?S:W:S:W:That kind of S:W:books.S:W:really lovely retired ladies living by themselves who just love the accompany of students. Most of them living in flats but that's not a problem for you, isn't it?S: Not at all. I'm used to that. My aunt lives in a flat too, remember? I'm not used to a big house with a golden swimming pool, pets song on that.W: Okay fine. I know quite a bit about what you want now. I should let you know that yourrent will be 160 dollars a week. I'll have to pay me 320 dollars as a deposit before you move in. The deposit is as insurance in case you break something. You need to pay monthly to me by cash or cheque, I don't mind. You don't need to pay for gas, like electricity or water. But you'll need to pay your proportion of the phone bill. Most families do that on their own system but you have to wait and see. Have you got any more questions for me?S:W:then.S:W:S:Janeso there should be something for everybody. This is the third year they've run it and the timing's slightly different: for the last couple of years it's been around the fifth to seventeenth, but this year they wanted to allow everyone enough time to recover from the first of January celebrations and they've put it at the end of the month.The programme has sensational theatre, dance and also a large number of art exhibitions, but the thing the Festival is most famous for is its great street music. For today's report though, Geoffrey, I'm looking at some of the theatrical events that you might like to see; in particular, at this year's theme -- circuses.lighting. forat home.The second circus performance is Circus Electrica at the Studio Theatre. The purists are suggesting that this isn't a circus at all. It's a showcase for skills in dance and magic, rather than the usual one you expect in a circus. With only six performers, it's a smallproduction, which suits the venue well -- the Studio only seats about two hundred people. For my money it's the aerial displays which are outstanding as well as the magical tricks -- features which are missing from Circus Romano. An interesting feature of the show is the performers are so young -- the youngest is only fourteen. But it's still well worth seeing, a good one for the whole family.Well, that's all I've time for today, but I'll be back next week with more news of what's worth seeing and what it's best to miss.test3_section3Officer: Hello. Er, I'm Dawn Matthews.Student: Yes, hello. I've been referred to you because I'm enquiring about the refresher courses that you run. I'd like to find out a bit more about them.Officer: OK. Well, we run quite a few different short courses for students who are either returning to study or studying part-time. Um, tell me about your situation.Student: Well, I think I really need some help in preparing for the coming semester,Officer: Well, we try to cover all aspects of study. Some of the strategies in writing, for example, would be improving your planning for writing, organising your thinking and building some techniques to help you write more clearly. With reading, there will be sessions aimed at getting into the habit of analysing material as you need it, and tips help you record and remember what you have read. It really is very important to begin readingconfidently right from the beginning.Student: Mm.Officer: There's also advice on how to get the most from your lectures and practice in giving confident presentations as well as how to prepare for exams.Student: What about the motivational side of things?positive a subject andcost materials and morning tea. You have to arrange your own lunch.Student: That won't be a problem. Er, I already make sandwiches for my three kids and my wife and myself every day. I won't have to change my routine.Officer: No. Now, I need to tell you that this is a very popular course and it's essential that you book well ahead of time. In fact, the Course Convenor tells me that there're only fiveplaces left.Student: What other course might be good for me?Officer: There's one other that you can benefit from. It's simply called 'Learning Skills for University Study' and is on three consecutive mornings starting on a Monday from 9 to 12 and costs 25 pounds. This is aimed at upgrading the study skills most school-leavers haveOfficer: writingyou?now?We're very grateful that the Committee has agreed that a representative for the Students' Union can present students' suggestions about the design for the proposed new Union building. We appreciate that some of our ideas may not be feasible in the circumstances. But we do feel that it is important that the ultimate beneficiaries of the facilities shouldhave some say in its design.If I could start by briefly explaining what steps were taken to find out student opinion, and how we have arrived at conclusions. Firstly, a meeting was held in the current Union for our SU committee to explain the options. Then we invited all students to submit writtenprovided bythese was unpopular because of traffic and parking problems. Site Two had a number of supporters, mainly because it was close to most lecture rooms. And Site Three, out of town, near the halls of residence, was clearly the most popular because of access from living quarters. It was clear that the Union was mainly to be used after lectures. It was also felt the larger site would allow more room for a choice of facilities.Our second area of interest was obviously the facilities. There was minimal interest in having a library on the premises. But one option seemed to be a reading room instead, more useful. We would like the current table games room to be replaced with a small gym and if possible, small swimming pool, not, of course, Olympic size. There was a largebe at UnionWell, this is the summary of the views of student population. As I say, further details are given in our report but I'm happy to take any questions if you have them...test4_section1W: Hi, Tony. Thanks ever so much for coming. You know we've been asked to organisesomething for John's farewell.M: Yes, sure. It's about time we started working out details.W: Exactly. We don't want to leave it so late that it's double the work. M: Right. Do you want me to take notes?W: That will be great. Thanks.M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:Right.M:W:And all the teachers and all the students?M:Anyone else?W:Faculty heads?M:No, better draw the line, I don't think it's necessary.W:Yes, you're right.M:I don't mind writing invitations. When shall we get them out for?W:Enough time, but not too early. What about the fifteenth of December?M:Well, there're exams on the sixteenth, better avoid them.W:Tenth?M:Yeah, that should do it.W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M:W:M:heard him say he needed a good one.W:The other thing he was saying last week was that his computer printer had broken. M:No, I'd be really frightened about getting the wrong type. The other thing is something for the home. Jill suggested a coffee maker.W:Yes, I'll certainly find out what they cost. Ok, have you got all that done?M:Yes.W:No, we need to think a little more about the money. I know we've got a set amount from the Social Fund.M: Right. What does that cover?W:It's meant to cover the cost of the room.M:Yeah.W:M:W:M:W:M:Right.W:M:W:M:Anything else?W:Well. It's just a thought. But a couple of years ago that we had a really good party where we set up, you know, some simple games.M:Yeah, great. Wasn't it based on photos from the students and teachers?W:That's right.M:So we should ask the guests to bring photos. Ok, I'll put it on the invitations.W:Now the last thing is, who shall we ask to do the speech?M:Don't you think it might be nice to have one of the students?W:Well then, the Student Leader?M:Yes, much better than the Director giving speeches again.W:M:W:speaker 1wantspeaker 2：Thank you for calling our Travelite Walking Holidays Line.We have been offering a wide variety of walking holidays to suit all tastes for just three years,but already we have won two awards for excellence in this field.We offer guided walking tours to suit the discerning traveller in twelve different centres throughout the whole of Western Europe.We are planning to open our first centre outside this area in the coming year,sowatch out for developments.But the pride of Travelite is the level of guidance and support we offer on our walks.All are planned in detail by our highly trained guides,who all work in a variety of different Travelite locations,so we can guarantee standards.Each day we offer three separate walkstour specialThe for the coming andfor all accommodation,food and walking,and for the first time this year we are including in that price...the cost of picking you up frome the nearest station.The seven-day holiday costs three hundred and fifty dollars per person and,as well as including the offers of the three-day holiday,also includes a magnificent book giving the local history.On top of that,we are able to include free maps...for you to better enjoy the walking and even planin advance,if you wish.For the fourteen-day holiday,our special price is six hundred and ninety dollars per person and that includes all the offers for the three- and seven-day holiday plus...membership of a local walking club...so you can better enjoy the full flavour of the local life.MIKE:SUE:MIKE:do?SUE: ofMIKE: Oh,that sounds like hard work.Where are we supposed to get the ideas for these experiments from?SUE: Well,I managed to get hold of two books from the library.MIKE: Oh,well done!SUE: How about if we take a look at the experiments in this book first and see if anthing looks suitable? I can make notes as we go,about equipment and the purpose of the experiments.MIKE: OK,let's see,um,the first experiment is called ‘Make your own hovercraft',which sounds don'tSUE:MIKE:aroundSUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:paperclips.The kids go around the class measuring things - you know,how long the desk is,and that sort of thing,um,and then they all compare their answers,Er,and,basically,because not all paperclips are the same lengths,they should come up with some strange answers.It's supposed to demonstrate the importance of having fixed units of measuremen.SUE: Hmm,yes,that's not bad.MIKE: OK,now for number three you need rock salt or copper sulphate.SUE: Oh,I'm not sure about that!MIKE: Well,just put down the rock salt then,um,apart from that you only need a jar ofSUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE: Well it's pretty elementary physics,really.It teaches them about how white light or ordinary light is made up.SUE: Hmm,well that doesn't sound too bad.Now there's only one more left in this book isn't there?What does that one say?MIKE: Um,well it's another one where they'd get to make something.SUE: Sounds very interesting.MIKE:You need quite a lot of equipment actually-a hand drill,an old record,a pin or needle,some paper and a bolt.SUE:MIKE:about SUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:Maybe you're right.SUE: What about number two,with the paperclips?It sound tame enough.MIKE:Yes,a bit too tame if you ask me.I think it needs to be something a bit more netive and interesting than that,don't you?SUE: Yes,I suppose you're right.We won't get a very good mark if the children don't actually enjoy the experiments,and I suppose we could turn them off science for good!Well,what about the next one,number three?MIKE:Now.I quite like the idea of this one.SUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:SUE:MIKE:SUE: I thought this one sounded a bit too good to be true-great equipment!MIKE:Yeah.SUE: But don't you think it's a bit ambitious for this age group?I mean,I don't want tostart off something and then have to abandon it if they just can't cope with it.I could see us ending up doing just about all of the work for them.MIKE:I guess you're right.Oh well,maybe we could store that idea away for later.SUE: Yep,let's hope this second book has something better!ofweightfish ofthe sharks other fish :instead the skin's covered with barbs, giveing it a rough texture like sandpaper.as you known,sharks are very quick swimmers.this is made possible by their fins, one set at the side and another set underneath the body .and the tail also help the shark move forward quickly.unlike other fish,sharks have to keep swimming if they want to stay at a particular depth. and they rarely swim at the surface.mostly,they swim at the bottom ofocean, scavenging and pick up food that's lying on the ocean floor.while most other animals, including fish ,hunt their prey by means of their eyesight, shark hunt essentially by smell.they have very acute sense of smell-and can sense the presence food long before they can see it.that it havemeshing began, approximately fifty hundred sharks was cought in the first year.however ,this declined the year that followed.and since that time,average annual catch has been only about one hundred fifty years.the majority of sharks are caught during warmest months.from November to Febraury.when shark are most active and when both air and the ocean are at their maximum temperature.despite quite large。

官方版剑桥雅思10听力原文test 1Section 1(1) You will hear a woman and a man talking about the work of library. First, you have some time to look at the questions 1-5.You will see that there's an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.Hello, I'm Mrs. Phillips, the head librarian; you are the new library assistant, aren't you?Yes, I'm Robert Hawscow, but please call me Bob.The woman introduces herself as the head librarian Mrs. Phillips, so the name Mrs. Phillips is been written in. Now, we should begin. You should answer the questions as you listen, because you will not hear the recording the second time.Listen carefully and answer questions 1-5.Hello, I'm Mrs. Phillips, the head librarian; you are the new library assistant, aren't you?Yes, I'm Robert Hawscow, but please call me Bob.All right, Bob. Let me take a few minutes to explain how the library works and what your dutieswill be. First, the library opens at 8:30 in the morning; so naturally, we expect you to be here and ready to work by then.Of course.And you can go home at 4:30 when the library closes. Now let me explain where everything's kept.It looks like here on the ground floor is where the reference books are.Yes, that's right. Upon the second floor is where the adult collection is, both fiction and non-fiction.And the children's books are there too, aren't they? I thought I saw them in the room by thestairway.No, those are magazines and newspapers for adults.Children's books are up one more flight on the third floor, we'll take a look at them later.Let me show you how we organize our work. Do you see that brown book cart over there?The one at the door?Yes, that one, those books have been shacked in and need to go back on the shelves.Okay, so the brown book cart has books to re-shelve, what about the black cart by the desk?Those books have torn pages or damaged covers; they're all books that need to be repaired.Okay, I know how to do a lot of that and I'm very good at mending torn pages and covers.That's great, because we really need help with that.And the white cart over the corner, what are those books for?Those were old books that we've taken off the shelves to make room for new ones.We sell them as used books to raise money for the library.So, they are all ready to sell.Yes, that's right. So, now you know what to do with the books in the carts.Let's talk about out activity schedule.(2) Now listen and answer the questions 6-10.I understand this library has a number of interesting activities every week.Yes, our activities are quite popular; the most popular one is Story Time for the children.Do a lot of children show up for that?Yes, a good many. It takes place in children's room on Thursday mornings at 11:00.Isn't there a family movie night too?Yes, but it's not at night anymore.We used to have family movies on Fridays when the library opened until nine.But now, we have a different activity at that time.So we have to switch family movies to the weekend, Saturday afternoon.How much do you charge for the movies?They are all free. The movie always starts at 2:30 in the reference room.But you don't have to worry about that since you don't work on weekends.And what takes place on Friday evenings?We've just started our weekly lecture series.We have a different speaker every week and the lectures cover all different kinds of topics.That sounds like something I'll be interested in attending.Good, because we'll need your help with that.You' l be working Friday evenings and one of your duties would be to set up the meeting roomon first floor for the lecture.What time will you need that done?Let's say by 6:15, the lecture starts at 6:30 and the room needs to be ready well ahead oftime. A lot of people arrive early.Maybe I should have the room ready by 6:00.That wouldn't be a bad idea. Okay, why don't I take you upstairs and show you the rest of the collection. Section 2(1) You will hear a radio interview by Lakeside Resort.First you have some time to look at questions 11-15.As you listen to the first part of the talk, answerquestions 11-15.Good afternoon, and welcome to Today Show. Thewarm months are with us and many of you are getting ready to plan vacation trips.To help you with that, we have a special guest today, Robert Samson, director of the Golden Lake Resort. Robert, I understand Golden Lake is a popular place for families to spend their vacations.Yes, families enjoy spending time at Golden Lake.Many come back year after year. We have a spectacular location and fanatic activities for bothchildren and adults.Could you describe for us some of the activities available at Golden Lake?We have a lot of water activities of course, Central ride on the lake.We have a pleasant sandy beach for swimming.We also have canoes and sail boats available and many of our guests enjoy boating on thelake.I image water skiing would be popular among your guests.Actually, we don't promote water skiing in the resort area.It can be dangerous for swimmers and for the canoers too.We do have a great location for fishing though and you often see guests fishing from our dock or from the canoes.That sounds very relaxing. What about activities on land? Do you have facilities for tennis?We had tennis in the past, but the courts failed up to repair since we found that most of our guests weren't interested in the game.We closed the court down, so that's no longer our option.And actually, because of location in the woods, we don't have another good area for a golf course.But I'd like to let your listeners to know, there would be adding a new activity this year.We've made an arrangement for a local stable, so now we are going to have horse-back riding available for our guests.We've created several riding trails around the lake.That sounds lovely. Now, what about rainy days? What can your guests do when the weather's bad?We have a games room and a crafts room. When the weather's rainy, some of our very talented staff members offer art sand crafts classes for all ages.What fun! Do you offer any other classes or activities?(2) Now listen, and answer questions 16-20.We have a weekly schedule of evening activities, which anyone can attend if they choose.Every Sunday we show a film or something suitable for the whole family.Monday is my favorite night because that's dessert night.Our cook prepares variety of desserts and we get to taste them all.Umm...I'd like to be there for that.Yes, it's great. We get more serious toward the middle of the week, our discussion night on Tuesday. Discussion night?Yes, we discuss different current events depending on what's happening that week of news.And on Wednesday, we have lectures. We invite different experts to talk about local history on nature topics. This is actually one of our popular evening activities. We found that our guests are really interested in learning about the local areas.It sounds quite interesting.Yes, we have some excellent speakers. Thursday night is totally different, cause that when we play games. That's especially fun for the children. Children love Fridays too, because that's talent show night.Everyone gets in on that (staff, guests, everyone) .It looks like you have a lot of fun at Golden Lake Resort.We do. And we end every week with big fun, with a dance on Saturday night.Now, I understand a little more why Golden Lake is such a popular place for family vacations.With such a variety of activities, there's something for every member of family there.There is. And I hopeyour listeners will consider spending their next vacation with us.That is the end of section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.Section 3(1) You will hear two students talking about the classassignment about wild bird rescue adrehabilitation. First, you have some time to look at the questions21-25.As you listen to the first part of the conversation, answer questions 21-25.Okay, let's go over the requirements and see what we have left to do.Let's see. We have to give the professor a written summary for the information we've given on ourtopic wild bird rescue and rehabilitation.The other written thing we have to turn in is thecase study of rehabilitation of one bird. We have information on that already.Right. All we have to do is to write it up. What about charts and graphs. Do we need to enclose something like that?I don't think so. They are rarely relevant, but we do have to turn in a list of resources we used.Actually, what about videos? I heard some of the other students were doing that.Well, I guess that must be optional, because I don't see it on the requirements list.Okay, we should start planning our class presentation since that counts for half the grade.We've looked at lots of sources and information, but I think our best source was the interviews we did with the wildlife rehabilitators.Agreed. That and the journal articles. I think we have enough information from those two sources for the presentation.Anyhow, the books we looked at weren't all that helpful.I wonder if we should try to bring in some live birds for the presentation.That would be too difficult, don't you think? But we have lots of photos of rehabilitated birds.We can show those.(2) Now, listen and answer questions 26-30.Right. Okay, I think we should start by talking about how to rescue a bird.Probably first we should help people understand which birds need rescuing.Yeah, that's really important because a lot of times people see a baby bird that's all alone orthey find a bird sitting on the ground and they think it needs to be rescued.And usually, those are just baby birds learning to fly.So we should emphasize that people should only attempt to rescue a bird that's clearly injured.For certain kinds of birds, the rescuer needs to wear protective gloves because some of those birds have sharp claws and can tear your shirt or worse injure your faceor some other part of your body.Yes, that's an important point. Okay, next, let's tell people to put the injured bird in a box, a box with good air circulation.We should let them know that cages are necessary and a bag, especially a plastic one, could hurt the bird more. Another thing we need to say is that the best way to help the bird stay calm is not by patting it or talking to it, but by leaving it completely alone.Then people should take the bird to the Bird Rescue Center as soon as possible.Right. And we should also point out that when they're driving the bird to the Rescue Center, it's better not to play music on the radio or talk loudly.Because those things just stress the bird.Yes, it's better just to speak quietly while you have the bird in the car.Okay, we're got that part covered. Next, we should talk about what happens at the RescueCenter.That is the end of section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.Section 4(1) You'll hear a lecture about Great Barrier Reef. Firstyou have some time to look at the questions 31-33. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31-33.Despite of its name, the Great Barrier Reef isn't just one large coral reef.Rather, it's a system of coral reef that stretches along the east coast of Australia, covering an areaof around 300,000 square kilometers.The Great Barrier Reef is composed of approximately 3000 individual reefs which range insize from one hectare to more than 10,000 hectareseach.In addition, around 600 islands are scattered throughout the area, particularly at the northern and southern ends. The reefs themselves are composed of over 400 different kinds of coral, the largest variety of coral found anywhere in the world.(2) Now, listen carefully and answer questions 34-40.Thousands of species of sea animals live in and around the reefs.All together, approximately 1500 species of fish inhabit the reef area, including a number ofdifferent kinds of sharks.One of the more interesting mollusks to be found in the reefs is the giant clam.These huge shelf fish can live for more than a hundred years and can weigh as much as 200 kilos.Sea mammals are bound in the area, which serves as a breeding ground for certain types of whales, many of which are endangered.Over two hundred species of sea and shore birds fees, roost on nest among the reefs and islands.Many types of reptiles can also be found living around and near the reefs.Salt water crocodiles, for example, inhabit the marshes along coast or the area.Amphibians include at least 7 species of fogs inhabit in the islands and reefs.Unfortunately, this wondrous area of the world is threatened by climate change.Rising sea temperatures have led to an effect called "coral bleaching", that is large numbers of corals dying off, especially in the shallower area of the reef.The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority is attempting to find effective ways to deal with this issue that threatens the reef.One proposed solution involves shading the reef in certain areas to help keep thesurrounding water temperatures down.That is the end of section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.test 2Section 1(1) Global bicycle tours. May I help you?Yes, thank you. I'd like to sign up for a bicycle tour.Which tour will you be interested in? We have the River Valley tour coming up in June and the mountain tour in July.The river valley tour was in June. I thought it was on May.It actually takes place the first week of June.Oh, I see. Well, I can still do that. The river valley tour is the one I want.Splendid, Just let me take your information. May I have your name please?Karla Schmidt. That's Karla with "K", not "C", K-A-R-L-A.Thank you, Miss Schmidt. Address?Do you need a street address? Or can I give you my post office box?The post office box is fine.Thank you. Okay, next, uld you bring in your own bicycle? Or do you want to rent one from us?I'll bring my own.Excellent. Now, we provide all the meals. So we need to know if you have any diet (dietary)restrictions.I don't think so. What do you mean?I mean if there's any food you can't eat? Some people have food allergy (allergies) orvegetarian or have t avoid dairy products. Things like that.Oh, I see. Yes, I'm a vegetarian and never eat meat.(2) All right. I'll make a note of that. Now the total cost of the tour is $750.That much?The price includes everything: food, hotel, transportation. Everything.Everything?Yes, everything. The only other thing is you have (want) to tip the tour guide. We usuallyrecommend 5% the total tour cost.A five percent tip. I guess that's reasonable.In order to reserve your space on the tour. I'll need a 30% deposit.Do you need that right away?We generally ask for the deposit at least 4 weeks before the tour begins.The River Valley tour begins, let me see, 6 weeks from now, so you need to pay the deposit in 2 weeks.I think I can do that. I nder if you could tell me something how will luggage be transported. Do we carry it on our bicycles?No, you leave that to us. We have a van that carries your luggage from hotel to hotel each day. So you don't have to rry about it.Great. I have a luggage track for my bike. But I guess I n't have to bring that.No, you n't. But there are a few items we recommend that you bring. We can't control the weather, so you should bring a raincoat or a rain gear.Yes, that's a good idea. And I should have my own spare tire too, shouldn't I?Actually, you don't need that. As our guide always carries some and of course, you n't need maps either, since our guide has the route all planned.What about a water bottle? I'll need that, n't I?Yes, you should definitely have a water bottle. A camera uld be a good idea too, since the tour goes through some very scenic areas.I have a guide book of that area. I nder if I should bring it along.We don't recommend guide books. It uld just be extra way and the tour guide knows a great deal about that area.Yes, I see. Is there anything else I need to know?I think we've covered the important points. I'll send you a tour brochure and you can call again if you have any questions.Thank you very much.Section 2(1) Thank you all for coming to see the new renovations to the Half Health Club.I know you be pleased as I am to see the wonderful results of a month of hard work to improve the club and bring in the best facilities ever.We'll beginning here with the swimming pool.You'll notice the new color of the adult pool, a lovely cool green.Now we'll go over here and look at the children's pool.It's the same green, but as you see, with brightly colored sea creatures painted everywhere.Both of the pools needed painting, not only for maintenance, but I think the new color greatlyimproves the atmosphere this part of the club.Next, let's take a look at the locker rooms. Don't worry, there's no one using them just now.Doesn't it feel roomy in here? We've expanded both the men's and women's locker rooms.So now they'll be much more comfortable to use.There are bigger lockers, a good deal of more room of dressing area and more places to store extra towels and equipments.Be careful when as you walk through here. The floor's just been polished and may be slippery.Let's go up to the exercise room next. Here, you'll notice a new floor. Walk on it. Doesn't it feel comfortable? It's a special material, soft the out floor and ideal surfaces for jogging exercising.They have to move all the exercising equipment out while they are working on the floor. But don't worry; it would be brought back in before the end of today.Let's step outside now and look at the tennis courts.We haven't done a great deal here except the equipment.We'll place all the nets in the balls run machine.Otherwise, everything is the same as it was before.Let's walk down this hallway, and here we are the club store, its new location.We thought here by the entrance was a better place for it than was used to be by the swimming pool.But it still has (all) the same items for sale, sports equipment and clothes in the club colors.(2) We are excited about the upcoming activities and events take place on newly renovated club.Now that the pools are ready for used again, swimming lessons will begin tomorrow for both adults and children.If you haven't signed up yet, you can stop by the officebefore you leave today and put your name on the list.If you're a tennis player, you'll be interested to hear about the tennis competition coming upon Wednesday. Players from different clubs all have the region more be participating. If you like to watch the event, tickets are available in the office.Also, I want to be sure you all know you are invited to our club party coming up next weekend.We celebrate the completion of the renovation work and we have a lot to celebrate the entire renovation project was finished in just nine months.That's 3 months less than the twelve months we originally planned on.We're proud of that and proud of weakening the budget too. Because we have such great results with this project.We are all ready planning the next one. We already have two indoor pools and next year weplan to install an outdoor pool right next to the tennis courts.Details of this plan will be made available to all club members soon. All right, I think we've covered just about everything. Any other questions?Section 3(1) Welcome to the City Museum of Art. I'm Doctor Shirley Johnson, the director of the museum internship programme (program).Today, I'll be giving you an oral orientation to themuseum. And our museum administrator's internship programm.Will we get a chance to tour the museum today?Yes, we'll start right now with the tour of the building. We'll skip the basement.Most of that part of the building is devoted to our conservation, which won't be part of your internship.Let's begin here on the ground floor with the museum offices.I guess this is where we'll be spending most of our time, helping with the office work.You'll spend some time working in here, so you can learn what the administrative duties involve.But you also get a chance to experience all aspects of museum work. This room in here is the museum tours office.I'm interested in that. I really like to help about the tours.That's great. Because you all have a chance to lead some tours. And maybe even to develop a tour of your own too.Let's go up to the second floor now.This is the board room in here, isn't it? Will we get to go to board meetings?Only members of the board of directors attend those. Now, back here behind the galleries are the classrooms. You are all welcome to attend any class you want and no charge.But we won't be teaching any, will we?No, the staff of the education department is responsible for that. Let's move up to the third floor now. And the research department.Each of you will spend some time working in here.Great. I'd like to help with the research.We are working on some very interesting research project right now.Also, as extension of your research work, you'll probably contribute to some of the museum's brochures.I'm looking forward to that. I like writing about art. Another thing I've been hoping to be able to do is to meet some artists.You are in luck then. We've planned a reception for the first day of your internship. And youhave the chance to meet several local artists then.(2) Could you give us a little background of the museum? I mean, when was it built and some information about the collections and things like that?Of course. The main part of the museum was built in 1895, with a combination of public and private funds. The new wing was built 60 years later, with the donation from the reign back family.That part of the museum was built for the modern art collection, wasn't it?Yes, it was. In the main part of the museum, we have a gallery devoted to works by localartists, our sculpture collection and a small collection of classical European art.You mentioned classes earlier. What kinds of the classesdoes the museum offer?In our adult education program, we offer a series of art history classes. And for children, we have a program of arts and crafts workshops.You can get a brochure from the office. That will give you more information.I saw a lot of chairs set up in the main hall. What are those for?Those are there for tonight's musical performance. We offer a weekly concert series during the fall and winter. And of course, all of you are welcome to attend. Now, if there are no more questions, let's step into my office and I'll show you your schedules.Section 4(1)The tomato is a popular vegetable, which figures and cuisines in many countries around theworld. It is particularly prominent in Italian cooking.But it was unknown in Europe until Spanish explorers brought it back from the Americas.The tomato was originated in the highlands of Peru. From there it eventually found its way toMexico, where it was cultivated by the Aztecs.The Aztec tomato wasn't the large, red vegetable we know today; rather, it was small andyellow.When the small round fruit arrived in Italy, it was named"golden apple", for its bright yellowcolour.You'll notice that I just called it a fruit. That's because a tomato is botanically a fruit, evenalmost everyone calls it a vegetable.The actual wordtomato comes from the Aztec name for the vegetable meaning "plant thing".The tomato was arrived in Europe in the 1500s, and quickly became a popular food in Spainand Italy.In the late 1600s, the Italians began publishing recipes that used tomatoes.The British, however, had a different attitude toward the vegetable.It was grown as an ornamental plant in Britain in the 1600s, but it wasn't eaten, because itwas thought to be poisonous.It wasn't until the 1700s that tomatoes became part of the daily diet in Britain.(2) In the United States, tomatoes were also used as ornamental plants rather than as foods for along time.This attitude began to change in the 1800s. In 1806 a gardener's calendar mentioned thattomatoes could be used to improve the flavour of soups and other foods.Thomas Jefferson did much to enhance the tomato's reputation as a food.He first served tomatoes to visitors at his home in Virginia in 1809.Then in 1820, a man named Robert Gibbon Johnson decided it was time to discard onceinfluence all the idea that tomatoes were poisonous.To prove his point, he ate one kilo of ripe tomatoes in public.2000 people gathered to watch this feat, which took place on the steps of courthouse in Salem,Massachusetts. Amazing enough, Johnson survived this stunt. The popularity of the tomato as a food begangrowing rapidly. Soon people all around the country were eating tomatoes. By the 1830s, the Americannewspapers and magazines were publishing thousands of tomato recipes.However, all those recipes involved using tomatoes in some cooked form.Tomato salads and sandwiches were still not unknown.It wasn't until a century later in 1930s that they became popular for people to eat rawtomatoes.Test 4Section 1Woman:?This?is?the?Clear?Point?Telephone?Company?customer?service?office.?My?name?is?Ms.Johns.?How?may?I?help?yo u?Man:?Yes,?I'm?moving?in?the?lateral?arrange?to?have?a?phone?line?installed.Woman:?This?is?the?Clear?Point?Telephone?Company?customer?service?office.?My?name?is?Ms.Johns.?How?may?I?help?yo u?Man:?Yes,?I'm?moving?in?the?lateral?arrange?to?have?a?phone?line?installed.Woman:?Of?course.?Let?me?get?some?information?from?you?first.?May?I?have?your?name?please?Man:?It's?Kramer.?Harold?Kramer.Woman:?And?would?you?spell?your?last?name?for?me?please?Man:?K-R-A-M-E-R.Woman:?M-E-R.Got?it.?Okay,?could?I?have?the?address?where?you'd?like?to?have?the?telephoneconnected?Man:?That?would?be?Number?58?Fulton?Avenue,?apartment?12.Woman:?Is?that?a?business?or?a?residence?Man:?A?residence.?It's?my?new?home?address.Woman:?Then?the?type?of?phone?service?you?want?is?residential,?not?business?Man:?Yes,?yes.?It's?for?my?home.Woman:?All?right,?fine.?Now?let?me?get?your?employment?information.?Who?is?your?current employer?Man:?I?work?at?Wrights?ville?Medical?Group.Woman:?Then?your?occupation?is?doctor?Man:?No,?I?work?for?the?doctors.?I'm?the?office?manager.Woman:?Okay,?and?could?I?have?your?work?phone?number?Man:?It's?Woman:?9014.?Great.?Just?one?more?thing,?I?need?to?know?how?long?you've?been?at?your current?job.Man:?I've?been?working?at?for?quite?a?while?long.?Let?me?see, 8??No, 9.?That's?right, 9?years.Woman:?Okay,?good.?Yovue'?been?there?long?enough.?So?I?don't?need?to?ask?about?any?otherwork?history.?Now,?in?ad dition?to?our?basic?phone?service,?we?have?several?special?services available.Man:?Could?you?explain?them?to?me?Woman:?Most?customers?opt?for?unlimited?long-distance?service.?It?really?saves?your?money?ifyou?make?a?lot?of?long-distance?calls.Man:?That?sounds?like?a?good?idea.Woman:?Then?I'll?put?you?down?for?long-distance?service.?Another?popular?service?is?voicemail.?Voice?mail?takes?all?yo ur?messages?electronically?and?only?takes?one?simple?phone?call?to retrieve?them.Man:?Umm.?Voice?mail.?No?I?don't?think?so.?I?have?an?answering?machine?to?take?my?messages.It's?old?but?it?still?wor ks?fine.Woman:?We?also?provide?Internet?service?if?you're?interested?in?that.Man:?I?am.?Please?put?me?down?in?Internet?as?well?as?phone?services.Woman:?Right.?Okay,?I?think?we're?almost?finished.?I?just?need?to?schedule?a?time?for?thetechnician?to?go?to?your?apa rtment?and?do?the?installation.?Let?me?see,?what?about?nextTuesday??Would?that?work?for?you?Man:?Umm.?Not?Tuesday,?I'll?be?at?conference?all?day.?Wednesday?will?work?though.Woman:?I'm?afraid?I?won't??any?technicians?in?your?area?on?Wednesday.?I?could?sendsomeone?on?Friday?Man:?That?would?be?fine.Woman:?What?time?of?a?day?works?best?for?you,?morning?or?afternoon?Man:?Morning?would?be?best.Woman:?All?right?then,?it's?on?the?schedule.?Do?you?have?any?questions?Man:?No,?I?don't?think?so.Woman:?Thank?you?for?calling?ClearPoint.Section 2Man:?Goodafternoon,?and?welcome?to?City?Hour,?the?radio?show?brings?you?all?the?latestinformation?about?advance?in?a nd?around?our?city.Today,?we?have?Welter?Cinchier?Smith,?who's?heading?up?this?year's?city?fair.Cinchier,?wowill?you?start?bargaining?some?of?the?basic?information?about?the?fair??Where?will?ittake?place?this?year? Woman:?I'm?glad?you?ask?that?question.?Because?I?know?most?people?wowill?be?expecting?thefair?ground?as?usual. We?have?changed?the?location?this?year?due?to?some?construction?work.You?know,?the?building?near?high?school?and?that?neighborhood?are?now?being?used?as?a?fairground?as?a?place?to?store constructive?materials.So?we've?moved?the?fair?to?City?Park,?which?I?think?it's?a?wonderful?location.Man:?Yes,?that?wowill?be?a?great?place?for?the?fair.?I?understand?the?fair?begins?on?Fridaymorning?was?a?special?open ing?event.Woman:?Actually,?it?won't?begin?until?that?evening.?But?you're?right?about?the?special?event.Traditionally,?we?began?with?a?pray,?but?this?year,?our?opening?event?wowill?be?a?special?dance performance.。

剑11-T e s t1听力文本SECTION?1HelloOh,?hello.?I?wanted?to?enquire?about?hiring?a?room?inthe?Village?Hall,?for?the?ev ening?of?September?thefirst.Let?me?just?see...Yes,?we?have?both?rooms?available that?evening.There's?our?Main?Hall-that's?got?seating?for?200people.?Or?there's?the?Charlton?R oom...SorryThe?Charlton?Room?-?C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N.That's?got?seating?for?up?to?one?hundred. Well,?we're?organising?a?dinner?to?raise?money?for?a?charity,?and?we're?hoping?f or?at?least?150people,so?I?think?we'll?go?for?the?Main?Hall.How?much?would?that?costLet's?see.?You?wanted?it?for?the?evening?of?September?1stYes,?that's?a?Saturday.So?from?6?p.?m.?to?midnight?that'd?be?115?pounds-that's?the?weekend?price,?it's? 75?pounds?onweekdays.That's?all?right.And?I?have?to?tell?you?there's?also?a?deposit?of?250?pounds,?which?is?returnable ?of?course?aslong?as?there's?no?damage.But?we?do?insist?that?this?is?paid?in?cash,?we?don't?take?cards?for?that.You?can?pay?the?actual?rent?of?the?room?however?you?like?though?cash,?credit? card,?cheque...Oh,?well?I?suppose?that's?OK.So?does?the?charge?include?use?of?tables?and?chai rs?and?so?onOh,?yes.And?what?about?parkingYeah?that's?all?included.The?only?thing?that?isn't?included?is?that...you?said?you?were?organising?a?dinner Yeah.Well,?you'll?have?to?pay?extra?for?the?kitchen?if?you?want?to?use?that.?It's?25?po unds.It's?got?very?good?facilities?—?good?quality?cookers?and?fridges?and?so?on. OK,?well?I?suppose?that's?all?right.We?can?cover?the?cost?in?our?entry?charges.Right.?So?I'll?make?a?note?of?that.Now?there?are?just?one?or?two?things?you?need?to?think?about?before?the?event. For?example,?you'll?have?to?see?about?getting?a?licence?if?you're?planning?to?hav e?any?musicduring?the?meal.Oh,?reallyIt's?quite?straightforward,?I'll?give?you?the?details?later?on.And?about?a?week?or?ten?days?before?your?event?you'll?need?to?contact?the?car etaker,?that's?MrEvans,to?make?the?arrangements?for?entry-?he'Il?sort?that?out?with?you.And?do?I?give?him?the?payment?as?wellNo,?you?do?that?directly?with?me.Right.NowisthereanythingIneedtoknowaboutwhathappensduringtheeventWell,asyou'llbeaware,ofcoursethebuildingisnosmokingthroughout.Ofcourse.Now,areyouhavingabandYes.Well,they'llhavealotofequipment, soratherthanusingthefrontdoortheyshouldparktheirvanroundthebackandusethestagedoor there.Youcanopenthatfrominsidebutdon'tforgettolockitattheend.OK.Andtalkingofbands,I'msureIdon'tneedtotellyouthis, butyoumustmakesurethatnoonefiddlesaboutwiththeblackboxbythefiredoorthat'sasystemthatcutsinwhenthevolumereachesacertainlevel.It'salegalrequirement. Sure.Anyway,wewantpeopletobeabletotalktooneanothersowedon'twantanythingtooloud. Oh,thatremindsme,we'llbehavingspeeches-arethereanymicrophonesavailableYeah.Justletthecaretakerknow,he'llgetthoseforyou.Right,nowwhentheeventisoverwedoaskthatthepremisesareleftingoodcondition. Sothere'salockedcupboardandyou'Ilbeinformedofthecodeyouneedtoopenthat.It'sgotallthecleaningequipment,brushesanddetergentandsoon.Right,sowhatdoweneedtodoaftereveryone'sgoneSweepthefloorsIsupposeWellactuallytheyhavetobewashednotjustswept.Thenyou'llbeprovidedwithblackplasticbags, soalltherubbishmustbecollectedupandleftoutsidethedoor.Ofcourse.We'llmakesureeverything'slefttidy.Oh.andIforgottoask.IpresumewecanhavedecorationsintheroomYes,butyoumusttakethemdownafterwards.Sure. Andthechairsandtablesshouldbestackedupneatlyatthebackoftheroom.I'llmakesureI'vegotafewpeopletohelpme.Section2WelcometotheFiddyWorkingHeritageFarm.Thisopen-airmuseumgivesyoutheexperienceofagricultureandrurallifeintheEnglishcountry sideattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Soyou'llseeatypicalfarmofthatperiod,andlikeme,allthestaffaredressedinclothesofthattime. Imustgiveyousomeadviceandsafetytipsbeforewegoanyfurther.Asit'saworkingfarm,pleasedon'tfrightenorinjuretheanimals.Wehavealothere,andmanyofthemarebreedsthatarenowquiterare. Anddostayatasafedistancefromthetools: someofthemhavesharppointswhichcanbeprettydangerous,sopleasedon'ttouchthem. Wedon'twantanyaccidents,doweThegroundisveryuneven,andyoumightslipifyou'rewearingsandalssoI'mgladtoseeyou'reallwearingshoes-wealwaysadvisepeopletodothat.Now,childrenofallagesareverywelcomehere,andusuallyevenveryyoungchildrenlovethedu cksandlambs,sodobringthemalongnexttimeyoucome.Idon'tthinkanyofyouhavebroughtdogswithyou,butincaseyouhave,I'mafraidthey'llhavetostayinthecarpark,unlessthey'reguidedogs.I'msureyou'llunderstandthattheycouldcausealotofproblemsonafarm. Nowletmegiveyousomeideaofthelayoutofthefarm.ThebuildingwhereyouboughtyourticketsistheNewBarn,immediatelytoyourright,andwe'renowatthebeginningofthemainpathtothefarmland—andofcoursethecarparkisony ourleft. Thescarecrowyoucanseeinthecarparkinthecornerbesidethemainpath, isatraditionalfigureforkeepingthebirdsawayfromcrops,butourscarecrowisapermanentscul pture.It'stallerthanahumanbeing,soyoucanseeitfromquiteadistance. Ifyoulookaheadofyouyou'llseeamaze.It'soppositetheNewBarnbesidethesidepaththatbranchesofftotherightjustoverthere. Themazeismadeoutofhedgeswhicharetootallforyoungchildrentoseeoverthem,butit'squitesmall,soyoucan'tgetlostinit!Nowcanyouseethebridgecrossingthefishpoolfurtherupthemainpath Ifyouwanttogotothecafegotowardsthebridgeandturnrightjustbeforeit. Walkalongthesidepathandthecafe'sonthefirstbendyoucometo. Thebuildingwasoriginallytheschoolhouse,andit'swelloverahundredyearsold. Asyoumayknow,werunskillsworkshopshere, whereyoucanlearntraditionalcraftslikewoodworkandbasket-making. Youcanseeexamplesofthework,andtalktosomeoneaboutthecourses,intheBlackBarn. IfyoutakethesidepathtotherightherejustbytheNewBarnyou'llcometotheBlackBarnjustwher ethepathfirstbends.NowImustn'tforgettotellyouaboutpicnicking,asIcanseesomeofyouhavebroughtyourlunch withyou.Youcanpicnicinthefield,thoughdoclearupbehindyou,ofcourse.Orifyou'dpreferacoveredpicnicareathere'sonenearthefarmyard: justafteryoucrossthebridgethere'sacoveredpicnicsspotontheright. AndthelastthingtomentionisFiddyHouseitself. Fromhereyoucancrossthebridgethenwalkalongthefootpaththroughthefieldtotheleftofthefa rmyard.Thatgoestothehouse,andit'llgiveyoualovelyviewofit.It'scertainlyworthafewphotographs,butasit'saprivatehome,I'mafraidyoucan'tgoinside. Right.Well,ifyou'reallready,we'llsetoffonourtourofthefarm.Section3OK,Greg,soIfinallymanagedtoreadthearticleyoumentioned—theyweremajoringinwhat'sknownastheSTEMdisciplines.That'sscience,technology,engineeringand...-...andmath.Yes,buttheywerealldoingphysicscoursesaspartoftheirstudies.That'scorrect.SoasIunderstoodit,Miyakeandcostartedfromthefactthatwomenareunderrep resentedinintroductoryphysicscoursesatcollege,andalsothatonaverage,thewomenwhodoenrolonthesecoursesperformmorepoorlythanthe men.Noonereallyknowswhythisisthecase.Yeah.Butwhattheresearcherswantedtofindoutwasbasicallywhattheycoulddoabouttherelat ivelylowlevelofthewomen'sresults. Butinordertofindasolutiontheyneededtofindoutmoreaboutthenatureoftheproblem. Right.Nowlet'sseeifIcanremember...itwasthatinthephysicsclass, thefemalestudentsthoughtthemalestudentsallassumedthatwomenweren'tanygoodatphys ics...wasthatit Andtheythoughtthatthemenexpectedthemtogetpoorresultsintheirtests.That'swhatthewomenthought,andthatmadethemnervous,sotheydidgetpoorresults. Butactuallytheywerewrong...Noonewasmakinganassumptionsaboutthefemalestudentsat all.Anyway,whatMiyake'steamdidwasquitesimple—gettingthestudentstodosomewritingbefor etheywentintothephysicsclass.WhatdidtheycallitValues-affirmation—theyhadtowriteanessayfocusingonthingsthatweresignificanttothem, notparticularlytodowiththesubjecttheywerestudying, butmoregeneralthingslikemusicorpeoplewhomatteredtothem.Right.Sotheideaofdoingthewritingisthatthisgetsthestudentsthinkinginapositiveway. Andputtingthesethoughtsintowordscanrelaxthemandhelpthemovercomethepsychological factorsthatleadtopoorperformance.Yeah.Butwhattheresearchersinthestudyhadn'texpectedwasthatthisoneactivityraisedthewomen' sphysicsgradesfromtheCtotheBrange.Ahugechange.Pityitwasn'ttoanA,butstill!No,butitdoessuggestthatthewomenwereseriouslyunderperformingbeforehand,incompari sonwiththemen.Yes.Mindyou,Miyake'sarticleleftoutalotofdetails.Like,didthestudentsdothewritingjustonce,orseveraltimes AndhadtheybeentoldwhytheyweredoingthewritingThatmighthaveaffectedtheresults. Youmean,iftheyknowtheresearchersthoughtitmighthelpthemtoimprove,thenthey'djusttryt ofulfilthatexpectationExactly.Soanyway,Ithoughtforourprojectwecoulddoasimilarstudy,butinvestigatewhetheritreallywasthewritingactivitythathadthatresult.OK.Sowecouldaskthemtodoawritingtaskaboutsomethingcompletelydifferent...something morefactualLikeageneralknowledgetopic.Maybe...orwecouldhavehalfthestudentsdoingawritingtaskandhalfdoingsomethingelse,lik eanoraltask.Oreven,halfdothesamewritingtaskasintheoriginalresearchandhalfdoafactualwritingtask. Thenwe'dseeifitreallyisthetopicthatmadethedifference,orsomethingelse. Weshouldhaveouraimsreadybythen. Isupposeweneedtoreadtheoriginalstudy—thearticle'sjustasummary. AndtherewasanotherarticleIread,bySmolinsky. Itwasaboutherresearchonhowwomenandmenperforminmixedteamsinclass,comparedwit hsingle-sexteamsandontheirown.Letmeguess...thewomenwerebetteratteamwork.That'swhatIexpected,butactuallythemenandthewomengotthesameresultswhethertheywe reworkinginteamsorontheirown.ButIguessit'snotthatrelevanttous.Whatworriesmeanywayishowwe'regoingtogeteverythingdoneinthetime.We'llbeOKnowweknowwhatwe'redoing.ThoughI'mnotclearhowweassesswhetherthestudentsinourexperimentactuallymakeanypr ogressornot...No.Wemayneedsomeadviceonthat.Themainthing'stomakesurewehavetherightsizesample,nottoobigortoosmall. Thatshouldn'tbedifficult.Right,whatdoweneedtodonext Wecouldhavealookatthetimetableforthescienceclasses... orperhapsweshouldjustmakeanappointmenttoseeoneofthescienceprofessors.That'dbeb etter.Great.Andwecouldevengettoobserveoneoftheclasses.WhatforWell...OKmaybelet'sjustgowithyouridea.Right,well...Section4I'vebeenlookingatoceanbiodiversity,that'sthediversityofspeciesthatliveintheworld'socean s.butuntilrecently,verylittlewasknownaboutspeciesdistributionanddiversityintheoceans, Themainthinghe'dexpectedtofindwasthattheyhadveryhighconcentrationsoffoodbuttohiss urprisethatwasonlytrueforfourofthehotspots—theremaininghotspotwasquitebadlyoffinthat regard.Butwhathedidfindwasthatinallcases,thewateratthesurfaceoftheoceanhadrelativelyhighte mperaturesevenwhenitwascoolatgreaterdepths, sothisseemedtobeafactorinsupportingadiverserangeoftheselargepredators. However,thiswasn'tenoughonitsown,becausehealsofoundthatthewaterneededtohaveeno ughoxygeninitsothesetwofactorsseemednecessarytosupportthehighmetabolicrateofthes elargefish.Acoupleofyearslater,in2007,aresearchercalledLisaBallance,whowasworkingin California,alsostartedlookingforoceanhotspots,butnotforfishwhatshewasinterestedinwasmarinema mmalsthingslikeseals. Andshefoundthreeplacesintheoceanswhichwerehotspots,andwhatthesehadincommonwasthatthesehotspotswerealllocatedatboundariesbetweeno ceancurrents,andthisseemstobethesortofplacethathaslotsoftheplanktonthatsomeofthese speciesfeedon. Sonowpeoplewhowanttoprotectthespeciesthatareendangeredneedtogetasmuchinformati onaspossible.Forexample,there'saninternationalprojectcalledtheCensusofMarineLife.Th ey'vebeensurveyingoceansallovertheworld,includingtheArctic. Andotherscientistsworkingonthesameproject,butresearchingverydifferenthabitatsontheo ceanfloor,havefoundlargenumbersofspeciescongregatingaroundvolcanoes,attractedtoth embythewarmthandnutrientsthere.However,biologistsstilldon'tknowhowseriousthethreatt otheirsurvivalisforeachindividualspecies. SoabodycalledtheGlobalMarineSpeciesAssessmentisnowcreatingalistofendangeredspe ciesonland.Sotheyconsiderthingslikethesizeofthepopulation—howmanymembersofones peciesthereareinaparticularplaceandthentheylookattheirdistributioningeographicalterms. Althoughthisisquitedifficultwhenyou'relookingatfish,becausethey'resomobile,andthenthir dlythecalculatetherateatwhichthedeclineofthespeciesishappening.Sofaronly1,500specieshavebeenassessed,buttheywanttoincreasethisfigureto20,000.For eachonetheyassess,theyusethedatatheycollectonthatspeciestoproduceamapshowingits distribution. Ultimatelytheywillbeabletousethesetofigureoutnotonlywheremostspeciesarelocatedbutal sowheretheyaremostthreatened.Sofinally,whatcanbedonetoretainthediversityofspeciesintheworld'soceansFirstly,weneedtosetupmorereservesinouroceans,placeswheremarinespeciesareprotecte d.Wehavesome,butnotenough.Inaddition,topreservespeciessuchasleatherbackturtles,wh ichliveoutinthehighseasbuthavetheirnestingsitesontheAmericancoast,weneedtocreateco rridorsformigration,sotheycangetfromoneareatoanothersafely.Aswellasthis,actionneedstobetakentolowerthelevelsoffishingquotastopreventoverfishing ofendangeredspecies.Andfinally,there'stheproblemof'by-catch'.Thisreferstothecatchingof unwantedfishbyfishingboats—they'rereturnedtothesea,butthey'reoftendeadordying. Ifthesecommercialfishingboatsusedequipmentwhichwasmoreselective,。

C8Test 1Section 1A: Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: Really?A: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the this afternoon to have a look at a and I came across something really interestingA: What? A book?B: No，a from a festival - mainly music. Look，I've got it here.A: music? I really love the. Let's have a look. So what's this ‘Guitarrini'?B: They're really good. They had a with all the highlights of the festival ata stand in the lobby to the，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments - and flutes and old kinds of. I've never heard anything like it before.A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then? Spoil ourselves?A：Yes，let's.B: The only problem is there aren't any cheap . . . it's all one .A: Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a really good . B: Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually hear the whole thing better.A: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A: So will you fill in the or shall I?B: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. : ,West sea. Do you remember our new postcode? Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. Do you need the too?B: Please. I'm really bad at .A: . So，let's book two for Guitarrini.B: Okay. If you're sure _____each is all right. How do you feel about the singer?A: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the booking that might just persuade me!B: What's that then?A: Free !B: Really ?A: Yes，look here. . Singer, ____includes in the .B: Sounds like a to me!A: Yes，let's book two for that. So, what else? I'm feeling quite keen now! How about the on the ?B: Anna Ventura? I've just remembered that's my evening c1ass night.A: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my own - but we can go to the and together，can't we?B: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heaven ___ a ! I can see we're going to have to go without food for the rest of the week - we'll need to book!A: Wish we were 一look! ，and Senior Citizens get a on everything.B: If only!Section 2Hello, and thank you for asking me to your teachers' to talk about the Dinosaur and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your there.Well, let me give you some of the first. In regard to opening _______, we're open every day of the week from_____ to ____ except on when we close at . And, in fact the only day in the year when we’re closed is on the You can book a for your school any time that we're open.If you bring a school to the , when you arrive we ask you to remain with your in the. One or more of the will welcome you there and brief you about what the will be about. We do this there because our is quite small and we really haven't got much room for briefing in the 。

剑桥雅思听力原文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－T e x t 1 Section 1Man: Hello,this is Land Transport information at toronto Airport.Woman: Oh,good morning,I’m flying to toronto Airportnext week, and I need to get to a town called um,Milton.Cpould you tell me how I canget there?Man: Milton,did you say? Let me see. I think that’s about 150 miles south-west of here .In fact it’s 147 miles to be exact, so it’ll take you at least –say ,three to four hours by road.the Greyhound.Woman:Oh, that doesn’t sound too bad.especially if it*ll take me straight to the hotel.Man:But you do need to reserve a seat.Woman:OK. Is it possible to make a booking right now? Through you?Man:Sure.Man: OK.I just have to fill this form out for you. So what date do you want to book this for? Woman:The 16th of Octobler –oh,no,sorry.that’s my departure date. I arrive on the 17th, so book it for then,please.Man: So, That’s the Toronto Airport Shuttle to Milton.And this is for just one person or…? Woman: yes, just me, please.Man:Right. And you said your excepted time of arrival was 11:30? So if I book your Shuttle for after 12:00-let’s say, 12:30 that should give you plenty of time to, you know, collect your baggage maybe grab a coffee?Woman:Yeah, that sounds fine, as long as we land on time!Man: Well,we’ll take you flight details so you don’t need to warry too much about that. Now. what about the fare? What sort of ticket do you want? One way or…？Woman:Yes,that’ll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I’m there.Man:No problem – just allow a couple of days in advanced to make sure you get a seat. And what’s you name, please?Woman:Janet, Janet Thomson.Man:Is that Thompson spelt with a “p”?.in the We’ve upgraded all these Spanish sites, and improved them considerably from their original three-star ratingWe believe our holidays offer superb facilities for the whole family. Parents who want their children to be fully occupied for all or part of the day can take advantage of our children’s activities. These are organised by our well-qualified and enthusiastic staff. Each day kicks off a sports match, perhaps football, or volleyball, followed by an hour of drama for everyone. This may include singing or dancing, mime or other activities. In the afternoon, there’s a different art activity for each day of the week including a poster competition or model making. What’s m ore, our sites are truly child-friendly, and, with this in mind, we operate a no-noise rule in theevenings. Children’s evening activities usually finish at 9:30, or occasionally 10, and from 10:30 holiday-makers are expected to be quiet in the areas where there are tents.We want nothing to go wrong on a PS Camping holiday, but if it does, we also want all customers to be insured. If you haven’t organised an annual insurance policy of your own you’ll need to take out the low-cost cover we offer and we require that you arrange this when you take your holiday reservation.There are many advantages to choosing PS Camping, and to recommending it to others. As a regular customer. You’ll be kept informed of special offers. And your friends can benefit from ten per cent off their holiday, or book a luxury tent for the price of a standard one. In return, we’ll send you a thank-you present, which you can choose from a list of high-quality items.When it comes to our tents, these are equipped to the highest standard. We really do think ofin Philip:Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. But unfortunately individual difference are also the rootof conflict between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, which can sometimes be serious.**********************************************Tutor:Thanks,philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember here are to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, you were looking at identifying different talents in workers Do you think this is easy for managers to do?Janice:Well,currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in my opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility.Tutor:That’s true. Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entire notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.Janice:Yes. That may be true but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension.Tutor:So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for?Janice Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies are looking for new employees. When the personal department is choosing between applicants they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people making these decisions often ues a range of psychological tests to see if a person is a problem solver, or will do as they’re told. I’m not convinced these qualities are actually the most important.This is the first seninar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia, we are fantastically luck to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute, so I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all. First in this seminar, I’m going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art, and in the seco nd part I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April – so please listen very carefully.I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia, we are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world. And I hope to show you how easy it is foe everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our pwn – the first and most important lesson we have to learn.In Namibia there are both paintings and engraving –that’s where the surface of the rock is cut out. Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious. This r ock art was like a school book with picture to teach children about tracks whick belonged to which animal – giraffe, lion and so on.But there were some mysteries. First, when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving, you see the tracks are repeated, there are dozens of tracks for t he same animal. You’d expect just one clear illustration if the reason – the aim – was to teach tracking.Now there were two more problem, why are some of the engraving of animals very accurate as you’d expect – all clearly identifiable- and others quite unrealisticAnd another mystery – some of these unrealistic animals – that*s in the engravings – seem to be half human. Some, for example, have got human faces, Many reaearchers now think that theseAnd lastly please don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs – you should leave the site intace –I’m sure I can rely on you to do that..Well,That’s about all I want to say before today’s first discussion, but if you have any question please ask them now –and don’t forget you’ll find some fascinating information aboutworld-wide sites on the Internet. Right, first question then?Text 2Section 1Woman: Hello… motor insurance department …Man: Oh hello… I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.Woman: Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name?Man: Patrick Jones.Woman: And your addrss?Man: It’s 27 Bank Road.Woman: 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?Man: Yes.Woman: And what’s your daytime phone number?Man: My work number is 730453.Woman: And could ask what your occupation is?Man: Dentist.Woman: OK… now a few details about your car… What size is the engine?Man: It’s a Hewton Sable.Woman: Social use (murmuring). Will you be using it to travel to work？Man: Yes… sometimes.Woman: …Anything else?Man: No. that’s it…Woman: And finally… when would you like to start the insurance？Man: I’ll need it from the 31st of January.Woman: Right… Mr Jones… I’m getting a couple of quotes coming up on the computer now… and the best bet looks like being with a company called Red Flag. Man: Yeah.Woman: And that comes out at ＄540 per year…Man: Well … that seems OK… it’s quite a bit lower than I’ve been paying up to now…Woman: Great… so would you like me to go ahead with that?Man: Sure… why not?Woman: How would you like to pay?Section 2Thank you for calling the Tourist Line. There are many different ways of getting round the city and we’d like to suggest some you may not have thought of.How about a city trip by boat? Thare are four main stopping points – from west to east: atop A Green Banks, stop B City Bridge, stop C Roman Landing and atop D Newtown.You can find the main booking office at stop A.The first boat leaves at 8 a.m. and the last one at 6:30 p.m. There are also many attractions youInterviewer: Now my first question is about the choice of location for the centre. Why Christchurch? Was it because of the climate?Doctor: Well, actually New Zealand is the second closest country to Antarctica and Christchurch isoften used on Antarctic expeditions.Interviewer: Right. So it’s because of where we are… coupled with our historical role. So tell us – what is the main purpose of the centre?Doctor: Well…we have two complementary roles. One is as a scientific base for expeditions and research and the other is as an information centre.Interviewer: Tell ue something about the role as a scientific base.Doctor: We’re able to provide information about what scientists should take with them to the South Pole – for example, the centre contains a clothing warehouse where expeditions are supplied with suitable clothing for the extreme conditions.Interviewer: I suppose you need a bit more than your normal winter coat!Doctor: yes, exactly and then there’s also the specialist library and mapping services. Interviewer: Right. And which countries are actually located at the centre?Doctor: Well…the centre houses research programmes for New Zealand, for The United States as well as for Italy…there*re even a US post office at the American airforce base here. Interviewer: Really?And what does the v isitor’s centre offer?Doctor: Well, since very few people will ever experience the Antarctic first hand, the visitors* centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica. There’s a mock camp site where you canDoctor: Well, as far back as the 19th century, when eleven nations organised an international event.Interviewer: When was that exactly?Doctor: In 1870. And it was called the Polar Research Metting. And then, Not long after that, they organised something called the First International Polar Year.Interviewer: And that took place when exactly?Doctor: Over two years from 1882 to 1883. But it wasn’t until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty was proposed. And in 1959 the Treaty was actually signed. Interviewer: What do you see as the main achievements of the treaty?Doctor: Well, firstly it means that the continent is reserved for peaceful use.Interviewer: That’s Article a, isn’t it?Doctor: Yes…Interviewer: That’s impor tant since the territory belongs to everyone.DOCTOR: yes but not as important as Article 5, which prohibits any nuclear explosions or waste disposal.Interviewer: Which is marvellous. Well, I’m afraid we’re going to have to stop there because I’m afraid w e’ve run out of time. Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about the centre and its work.Section 4My topic is handedness – whether in different sports it is better to be left – or right-sided or whether a more balanced approach is more succes sful .I’m left-handed myself and I actually–STUDENT：Oh，good morning ,Is this…er… room number 26?AGENT：Yes，that's rightSTUDENT：So ls this the Student Job Centre?AGENT：It certainly is．How can I help you?STUDENT：Well，actually I’m looking for a job -a part-time Job, Do you haveanything available at the moment?AGENT：Ah．Yes… Are you a registered student?I`m afraid this service isonly available to full-time studentsSTUDENT：Yes… I am I'm doing a degree in Business Studies．Here's mystudent cardAGENT：Which year are you in?STUDENT：Well… I've been at uni for four years but I'm in the Third Yearbecause I took last year off.AGENT：Right… well，let's just have a look at what positions are available at The moment There's a Job working at the reception desk at the SportsCentre，for three evenings a week that's Wednesdays ,Thursdays andFridays.STUDENT：That sounds 1ike fun but unfortunately I have evening lectures- sothat's not possible ,I’m afraid Is th ere anything during the day? AGENT：OK．That's no good then .Um .What about cleaning ? There's aposition for a cleaner at the Child Care Centre.thing.STUDENT：Well．I speak some JapaneseAGENT：Right I’ll make a note of that Now- let's see what else is availableWhat do you think of administrative work? There is a position for anOffice Assistant at the English Language CentreSTUDENT：That sounds interesting.AGENT：It's for 3 days a week—Monday , Friday and Saturday mornings．Interested?STUDENT：Mmm, I was hoping to have Saturdays free . But I need the work so… can you tell me what the job Involves?AGENT：Yes, sure. It says here that you'll be required to deal with studentenquiries and answer the phone.STUDENT：I’m su re I can handle all that without a problemAGENT：Great Well，would you like me to arrange an interview for you ? Say,Friday morning，around ten?STUDENT：Could we make it a bit later ? Unfortunately , I've got something to doat ten、Would that be OK?AGENT：Not a problem , How about eleven thirty ? Hope it works out for youAnitaSTUDENT：Me too . And thanks for all your help.However , you will need to be extremely fityou’re interested in coming with us . You have plenty of time to get into shape．You will be sleeping in tents so you must have quite a bit of equipment with you but you will be helpedby local assistants .Your bedding and so forth will be carded by them . We ask that you only walk with a small rucksack with needs for the day .I don’t think I've really said enough about the mar vell ous area you’ll be walking in . Let's havea look at some of the sights you’11 be seeing Apart from these spectacular snow-covered peaks and valleys, there are marvellous historic villages．The area has been famous for centuries for making beautiful carpets , although recently there has been a trend to moveinto weaving blankets and wood carving The people are extremely friendly and welcoming . We deliberately keep the parties small in size to minimize disruption to people and landscape .I hope that there are still some people interested . I will be distributing leaflets at the end where you call find out more information，but just for the moment I’ll outline the itinerary, the main highpoints of the holiday．Obviously , you’ll start by flying out to Kishba ，the capital city , on Day One．After a couple of days to acclimatize yourself , you’ll start the trek on Day Three walking through the enormous Katiba Forest which will take the whole of the day．Day Four takes us higher up，going through the foothills past a number of villages and visiting a school for the disabled in Sohan . Then you have a rest day ,that's Day Five ,before going to the spectacular Kumi Temple with twelfth-century carvings ,set in a small forest bya lake and that's Day Six，the highlight for many．We stay near there for Day Seven because then comes the hardest day ,walking through very mountainous country ,but culminating in a swim in the Parteh Falls , This is the highest waterfall in the region . Day Nine is much easier,whole kilometres down in the water．It stays at this depth for about 10days and is carried around by the currents which operate in the oceanat this level . During this time it's possible for it to cover quite largedistances but the average is fifty kilometresSTUDENT 2：So what is it actually recording ?SIMON：Well at this stage nothing．but as it rises to the surface it collects allsorts of data，most importantly variations in salinity ,that's salt levelsand the changes In temperature，a bit like underwater weather balloons”then when it gets back to the surface all the data it's collected isbeamed up to the satellite . After about five hours on the surface thefloat automatically sinks , beginning the whole process again STUDENT 1：What happens to the data?SIMON：Well the information Is transferred direct to onshore meteorological stations．．．like our one in Hobart．．．and within four hours thefindings can be on computers and they can be mapped and analysed．STUDENT 2：You say you're building models of the world's ocean systems buthow're they going to be used，and more importantly , when? SIMON：Some of the data has already helped in completing projects . Forexample，our understanding of the underlying causes of El Niňoevents is being confirmed by float data Another way we’re using floatdata is to help us to understand the mechanics of climate change，likeSECTION 4Good morning everyone . Today's lecture forms part of the Hospitality and Tourism module Last week 1 looked at the economy end of the hotel business；this week I'm going to discuss The luxury end of the market . Let's consider the following scenario. . .You wake up in the middle of the night in a strange hotel miles away from home , disoriented most probably from jet lag，when even the most expensive surroundings can seem empty and dispiriting . You have paid a great deal of money to stay in this first—class hotel with its contemporary technology ,but according to recent research carried out by an international travel and public relations company , all is not well . The research suggests that even the mostopulent，luxurious hotels seem to have underestimated the most basic needs of their customers-be they travelling for work or pleasure：the need to feel at home in surroundings which are both familiar and inviting .Do these findings , however apply only to hotels situated in particular areas ? Is it possible that the external environment can affect a guest's well-being ? The company's research covered a whole range of different hotel types , both independent hotels and those which are part of large chains . They investigated chic so-called boutique hotels in the heart of downtown business districts，stately mansions located in the depths of beautiful countryside ,and plush hotels built at the edge of tropical beaches surrounded by palm trees and idyllic blue ocean And the research concluded that what was outside the hotel building simply didn't matter．This is a fascinating revelation and those of you hoping to move into careers in the travel andPopular. . .Test 4SECTION 4OFFICER：Yes ,what can I do for you?SUTDENT：My friend Is in homestay … and she really enjoys it… so I'd like tojoin a family as wellOFFICER：Okay ,so let me get some details What's your name?SUTDENT：My name is Keiko YuichiniOFFICER：Could you spell your family name for me? SUTDENT：It's … Yuichini that's Y_U—l—C—H—I—N．I_ OFFICER：And your first name?SUTDENT：It's Keiko．K．E-I—K—O感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

Test2(section1-1)Good Morning. Youth Council. Caroline speaking.Oh, hello, I'm interested in standing for election to the Youth Council, and I was told to give you a call.That's good. Could I have your name, please?Yes, it's Roger Brown.Thank you. I'm Caroline, the Youth Council administrator.So do you know much about what the Council does, Roger?I've talked to Stephanie — I think she's the chair of the Council.That's right.And she told me a lot about it.How it's a way for young people to discuss local issues, for example,and make suggestions to the town council. That's what made me interested.Fine. Well let me take down some of your details.First of all, how old are you? You know the Council is for young people aged from 13 to 18? I've just turned 18.And where do you live, Roger?Well, that's a bit complicated.At the moment I'm looking for a flat to rent here, so l'm in a hosteI from Monday to Friday.I go back to my parents' place at the weekend.OK, so where's the best place to send you some information about the Council?Oh, to my parents' address, please.That's 17, Buckleigh Street — B-U-C-K-L-E-I-G-H Street, Stamford, Lincolnshire,though you don't really need the county.Oh, I know Stamford — it's a lovely town. And what's the postcode?PE9 7QT.Right, thank you. So are you working here, or are you a student?I started studying at the university a couple of weeks ago,and I've got a part-time job for a few hours a week.What do you do?Well, I've done several different things.I've just finished a short-term contract as a courier,and now I'm working as a waiter in one of the big hotels.Uhuh. That can't leave you much time for studying!Oh, it's not too bad. I manage to fit it all in.What are you studying?My ambition is to go into parliament eventually, so my major subject is politics.That's partly why I think the Youth Council is important and want to be a part of it.And I suppose you're also taking a minor subject, aren't you?I know a lot of people study economics too.I chose history.To be honest, I'm not finding it as interesting as I expected!Test2(section1-2)OK, so with your studying and your part-time job, do you have time for any other interests or hobbies?Well, I spend quite a lot of time cycling — both around town to get to university and to work, and also long-distance, from here to London, for instance.That's pretty impressive! Anything else?For relaxation I'm also keen on the cinemaI used to go at least once a week, but I can't manage to go so often now.Right. Are you sure you'll have enough time for the Youth Council?Yes, I've worked out that I can afford to reduce my hours at work, and that will make the time. So is there any particular aspect of the Youth Council's work that appeals to you, Roger? Well, my sister is blind, so I'm particularly interested in working with disabled young people, to try and improve the quality of their lives.That's great. Well, the best way to get involved is to be nominated by some people who you know.Right. Can you tell me how to set about organising that?You should talk to Jeffrey, our Elections Officer.I can arrange a meeting in the council office with him, if you like.Yes, please.He'll be here next Monday, if that suits you.That's the 14th, isn't it?Yes.I can manage late afternoon.Would you like to suggest a time?He generally leaves around 5.30.Well, would 4.30 be OK?My last class finishes at 4, so I'd have plenty of time to get to your office.Right, that's fine. Oh, and could I have a phone number we can contact you on?Yes, my mobile number's 07788 136711.Thank you. Well, we'll look forward to seeing you next week.Thanks very much. Goodbye.Bye.Test2(section2-1)Hi. Great to see you!I'm Jody, and I'll be looking after both of you for the first month you're working here at the Amersham Theatre.I'll tell you something about the theatre now, then take you to meet two of the other staff. It's an old building, and it's been modernised several times.In fact, as you can see, we're carrying out a major refurbishment at the moment.The interior has just been repainted, and we're about to start on the exterior of the building — that'll be a big job.The work's running over budget, so we've had to postpone installing an elevator.I hope you're happy running up and down stairs!When the theatre was built, people were generally slimmer and shorter than now, and the seats were very close together.We've replaced them with larger seats with more legroom.This means fewer seats in total but we've taken the opportunity to install seats that can easily be moved, to create different acting spaces.We've also turned a few storerooms over to other purposes like using them for meetings. We try hard to involve members of the public in the theatre.One way is by orgnising backstage tours so people can be shown round the building and learn how a theatre operates.These are proving very popular.What we're finding is that people want to have lunch or a cup of coffee while they're here, so we're looking into the possibility of opening a cafe in due course.We have a bookshop which specialises in books about drama and that attracts plenty of customers.Then there are two large rooms that will be decorated next month,and they'll be available for hire, for conferences and private functions, such as parties.We're also considering hiring out costumes to amateur drama clubs.Now I want to tell you about our workshops.We recently started a programme of workshops that anyone can join.Eventually we intend to run courses in acting,but we're waiting until we've got the right people in place as trainers.That's proving more difficult than we'd expected!There's a big demand to learn about the technical side of putting on a production,and our lighting workshop has already started with great success.We're going to start one on sound next month.A number of people have enquired about work shops on make-up, and that's something we're considering for the future.A surprise success is the workshop on making puppetswe happen to have someone working here who does it as a hobby, and she offered to run a workshop.It was so popular we're now running them every month!Test2(section2-2)Now, a word about the layout of the building.The auditorium, stage and dressing rooms for the actors are all below ground level.Here on the ground floor we have most of the rooms that the public doesn't see.The majority are internal, so they have windows in the roof to light them.Standing here in the foyer, you're probably wonderingwhy the box office isn't here, where the public would expect to find it.Well, you might have noticed it on your way inalthough it's part of this building, it's next door with separate entrance from the road.For the theatre manager's office you across the foyer and through the double doors,turn right and it's the room at the end of the corridor with the door on the left.The lighting box is where the compute rise stage lighting is operated and it's at the back of the building.When you're through the double doors turn left, turn right at the water cooler, and right again at the end.It's the second room along that corridor.The lighting box has a window into the auditorium, which of course is below us.The artistic director's office is through the double doors turn rightand it's the first room you come to on the right-hand side.And finally, for the moment, the room where I'll take you next — the relaxation room.So if you'd like to come with me...Test2(section3-1)I've brought my notes on our Biology Field Trip to Rocky Bay, Colin,so we can work on our report on the research we did together.OK. I've got mine too. Let's look at the aims of the trip first.Right. What did you have?I just put something about getting experience of the different sorts of procedures used on a field trip.But we need something about what causes different organisms to choose particular habitats.I agree. And something about finding out how to protect organisms in danger of dying out? In our aims? But we weren't really looking at that.I suppose not. OK, now there's the list of equipment we all had to bring on the field trip. What did they tell us to bring a ruler for?It was something about measuring the slope of the shore,but of course we didn't need it because we were measuring wind direction, and we'd brought the compass for that...But not the piece of string to hold up in the air!Didn't Mr Blake make a fuss about us leaving that behind.Yeah. He does go on. Anyway it was easy to get one from another of the students.Now, the next section's the procedure. I sent you the draft of that.Yeah. It was clear, but I don't think we need all these details of what time we leftand what time we got back and how we divided up different research tasks.OK. I'll look at that again.Then we have to describe our method of investigation in detail.So let's begin with how we measured wave speed I was surprised how straightforward that was.I'd expected us to have some sort of high-tech device not just stand there and count the number of waves per minute.Not very precise, but I suppose it was good enough.But the way we measured the amount of salt was interesting.In the water from the rock pools?Yeah, oh, I wanted to check the chemicals we used in the lab when we analysed those samples was it potassium chromate and silver nitrate?That's right.OK. And we need the map of the seashore. You just left that to me.And I had to do it while the tide was low, well that was OK,but the place I started it from was down on the beachthen I realised I should have gone up higher to get better visibility, so I had to start all over again.But at least I'd got the squared paper or I'd have had problems drawing it all to scale. Yeah. It looks good.We could get a map of the region off the internet and see if we need to make any changes.I had a look but I couldn't find anything.But you took some pictures, didn't you?Yeah. I'll email you them if you want.OK. I'll make my amendments using those then I can scan it into our report. Great.Test2(section3-2)Now when we get to our findings I thought we could divide them up into the different zoneswe identified on the shore and the problems organisms face in each zone.So for the highest area.....The splash zone?Yeah, we found mostly those tiny shellfish that have strong hard shells that act as protection. But not from other organisms that might eat them, predators?No, that's not the main danger for them.But the shells prevent them from drying out because they're in the open air for most of the time.Right. And since they're exposed, they need to be able to find some sort of shelter,or cover themselves up, so they don't get too hot.Then in the middle and lower zones, nearer the sea, we need to discuss the effects of wave action...Yes, and how organisms develop structures to prevent themselves from being swept away, or even destroyed by being smashed against the rocks.I haven't done anything on the geological changes. I don't know what to put for that.No, we weren't concentrating on that. Maybe we need to find some websites.Good idea. I've got the lecture notes from Mr. Blake's geology course, but they're too general. But we could ask him which books on our Reading List might be most helpful.Right. OK, now I did a draft of the section of sources of possible error in our research,but I don't know if you agree.For example, the size of the sample, and whether it's big enough to make any general conclusions from.But I thought actually we did have quite a big sample.We did. And our general method of observation seemed quite reliable.But we might not be all that accurate as far as the actual numbers go.Yeah, we might have missed some organisms — if they were hiding under a rock for example.I wasn't sure about the way we described their habitats.I decided it was probably OK.Yeah, and the descriptions we gave of the smaller organisms, they weren't very detailed,but they were adequate in this context.I'm not sure we identified all the species correctly though.OK, we'd better mention that. Now, how we...Test2(section4-1)We've been discussing the factors the architect has to consider when designing domestic buildings.I'm going to move on now to consider the design of public buildings,and I'll illustrate this by referring to the new Taylor Concert Hall that's recently been completed here in the city.So, as with a domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the buildingfor example, is it to be used primarily for entertainment, or for education, or for administration? The second thing the architect needs to think about is the context of the building,this includes its physical location obviously but it also includes the social meaning of the building,how it relates to the people it's built for.And finally for important public buildings,the architect may also be looking for a central symbolic idea on which to base the design,a sort of metaphor for the building and the way in which it is used.Let's look at the new Taylor Concert Hall in relation to these ideas.The location chosen was a site in a run-down district that has been ignored in previous redevelopment plans.It was occupied by a factory that had been empty for some years.The whole area was some distance from the high-rise office blocks of the central business district and shopping centre,but it was only one kilometre from the ring road.The site itself was bordered to the north by a canalwhich had once been used by boats bringing in raw materials when the area was used for manufacturing.The architect chosen for the project was Tom Harrison.He found the main design challenge was the location of the site in an area that had no neighbouring buildings of any importance.To reflect the fact that the significance of the building in this quite run-down location was as yet unknown,he decided to create a building centred around the idea of a mystery--something whose meaning still has to be discovered.So how was this reflected in the design of the building?Well, Harrison decided to create pedestrian access to the building and to make use of the presence of water on the site.As people approach the entrance they therefore have to cross over abridge.He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from a distance, and then close-up,and the initial impression he wanted to create from the shape of the building as a whole was that of a box.The first side that people see, the southern wall, is just a high, flat wall uninterrupted by any windows.This might sound off-putting, but it supports Harrison's concept of the buildingthat the person approaching is intrigued and wonders what will be inside.And this flat wall also has another purpose.At night-time projectors are switched on and it functions as a huge screen onto which images are projected.Test2(section4-2)The auditorium itself seats 1500 people.The floor's supported by ten massive pads.These are constructed from rubber,and so are able to absorb any vibrations from outside and prevent them from affecting the auditorium.The walls are made of several layers of honey-coloured wood, all sourced from local beech trees.In order to improve the acoustic properties of the auditorium and to amplify the sound, they are not straight, they are curved.The acoustics are also adjustable according to the size of orchestra and the type of music being played.In order to achieve this, there are nine movable panels in the ceiling above the orchestra which are all individually motorized,and the walls also have curtains which can be opened or closed to change the acoustics. The reaction of the public to the new building has generally been positive.However the evaluation of some critics has been less enthusiastic.In spite of Harrison's efforts to use local materials they criticise the style of the design as being international rather than local,and say it doesn't reflect features of the landscape or society for which it is built.。

剑11-Test 1听力文本SECTION?1Hello?Oh,?hello.?I?wanted?to?enquire?about?hiring?a?room?inthe?Village?Hall,?f or?the?evening?of?September?thefirst.Let?me?just?see...Yes,?we?have?both?rooms?available that?evening. There's?our?Main?Hall-that's?got?seating?for?200people.?Or?there's?the?C harlton?Room...Sorry?The?Charlton?Room?-?C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N.That's?got?seating?for?up?to?one? hundred.Well,?we're?organising?a?dinner?to?raise?money?for?a?charity,?and?we're ?hoping?for?at?least?150people,so?I?think?we'll?go?for?the?Main?Hall.How?much?would?that?cost?Let's?see.?You?wanted?it?for?the?evening?of?September?1st?Yes,?that's?a?Saturday.So?from?6?p.?m.?to?midnight?that'd?be?115?pounds-that's?the?weekend? price,?it's?75?pounds?onweekdays.That's?all?right.And?I?have?to?tell?you?there's?also?a?deposit?of?250?pounds,?which?is?r eturnable?of?course?aslong?as?there's?no?damage.But?we?do?insist?that?this?is?paid?in?cash,?we?don't?take?cards?for?that. You?can?pay?the?actual?rent?of?the?room?however?you?like?though?cash ,?credit?card,?cheque...Oh,?well?I?suppose?that's?OK.So?does?the?charge?include?use?of?tables ?and?chairs?and?so?on?Oh,?yes.And?what?about?parking?Yeah?that's?all?included.The?only?thing?that?isn't?included?is?that...you?said?you?were?organising? a?dinner?Yeah.Well,?you'll?have?to?pay?extra?for?the?kitchen?if?you?want?to?use?that.?I t's?25?pounds.It's?got?very?good?facilities?—?good?quality?cookers?and?fridges?and?so ?on.OK,?well?I?suppose?that's?all?right.We?can?cover?the?cost?in?our?entry?charges.Right.?So?I'll?make?a?note?of?that.Now?there?are?just?one?or?two?things?you?need?to?think?about?before?t he?event.For?example,?you'll?have?to?see?about?getting?a?licence?if?you're?planni ng?to?have?any?musicduring?the?meal.Oh,?really?It's?quite?straightforward,?I'll?give?you?the?details?later?on.And?about?a?week?or?ten?days?before?your?event?you'll?need?to?contact ?the?caretaker,?that's?MrEvans,to?make?the?arrangements?for?entry-?he'Il?sort?that?out?with?you.And?do?I?give?him?the?payment?as?well?No,?you?do?that?directly?with?me.Right. Now is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?Well, as you'll be aware, of course the building is no smoking throughout.Of course.Now, are you having a band?Yes.Well, they'll have a lot of equipment,so rather than using the front door they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there.You can open that from inside but don't forget to lock it at the end.OK.And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this,but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire doorthat's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level. It's a legal requirement.Sure. Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don't want anything too loud.Oh, that reminds me, we'll be having speeches-are there any microphones available?Yeah. Just let the caretaker know, he'll get those for you.Right, now when the event is over we do ask that the premises are left in good condition.So there's a locked cupboard and you'Il be informed of the code you need to open that.It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on.Right, so what do we need to do after everyone's gone?Sweep the floors I suppose?Well actually they have to be washed not just swept.Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags,so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door.Of course. We'll make sure everything's left tidy.Oh. and I forgot to ask.I presume we can have decorations in the room?Yes, but you must take them down afterwards.Sure.And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room. I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me.Section 2Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm.This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century.So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further.As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare. And do stay at a safe distance from the tools:some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them.We don't want any accidents, do we?The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandalsso I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes - we always advise people to do that.Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs,so do bring them along next time you come.I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have,I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm. Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right,and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland — and of course the car park is on your left.The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path, is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture.It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze.It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them,but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path? If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it. Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.As you may know, we run skills workshops here,where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basket-making.You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard:just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it.It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.Right. Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.Section 3OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned the one about the study on gender in physics. About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team? Yeah. I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.That's an unusual combination. Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on. They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.That's science, technology, engineering and...-...and math.Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college,and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.No one really knows why this is the case.Yeah. But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.Right. Now let's see if I can remember...it was that in the physics class,the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics...was that it?And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests. That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.But actually they were wrong...No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple — getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.What did they call it?Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them,not particularly to do with the subject they were studying,but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.Right. So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah.But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.A huge change. Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details.Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?Exactly.So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study,but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result. OK.So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...something more factual?Like a general knowledge topic.Maybe...or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.That's it. Good. So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.We should have our aims ready by then.I suppose we need to read the original study — the article's just a summary. And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky.It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own.Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.But I guess it's not that relevant to us.What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time. We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...No. We may need some advice on that.The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.That shouldn't be difficult.Right, what do we need to do next?We could have a look at the time table for the science classes...or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors. That'd be better.Great. And we could even get to observe one of the classes.What for?Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea. Right, well...Section 4I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called'biodiversity hotspots'.These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily,but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry. Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.But what he did find was that in all cases,the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths,so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish. A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California,also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots,and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life. They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick. Some of these species had never been seen before. They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there. However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land. So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members of one species there are in a particular place and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000. For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.We have some, but not enough. In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species. And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats —they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome. OK. So does anyone have any questions...。

Section 1Speaker:Good morning, everyone. I’m here today to talk to you about the history of the English language.The English language is a West Germanic language that evolved from the languages spoken by the Anglo-Saxon tribes who invaded Britain in the 5th century AD. These languages were closely related to the languages spoken in what is now Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Over time, the Anglo-Saxon languages merged to form Old English, which was spoken in England from the 5th to the 12th centuries.Old English was a very different language from Modern English. It had a different grammar, a different vocabulary, and a different pronunciation. For example, the word “day” was pronounced “day-yee” in Old English, and the word “night” was pronounced “nee-yght.”In the 11th century, England was invaded by the Normans, who spoke French. The Norman Conquest had a profound impact on the English language. French words were borrowed into English, and the grammar and pronunciation of English began to change. This process of change continued for several centuries, and by the 15th century, the English language had become much more similar to the language that we speak today.The English language has continued to change and evolve over the centuries. Today, it is spoken by over 1.5 billion people around the world. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and many other countries.Questions:1.What languages did the Anglo-Saxon tribes speak?2.What was the name of the language spoken in England from the 5th to the12th centuries?3.How did the Norman Conquest affect the English language?4.How many people speak English today?5.What is the official language of the United Kingdom?Section 2Speaker:Hi, everyone. I’m here to talk to you about the different types of renewable energy.Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural sources, such as the sun, the wind, and the water. Renewable energy is important because it is clean, sustainable, and doesn’t produce greenhouse gases.There are many different types of renewable energy, but the most common are solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower.Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun. Solar energy can be used to generate electricity or heat water. Wind energy is the energy that comes from the wind. Wind turbines can be used to generate electricity. Hydropower is the energy that comes from flowing water. Hydroelectric dams can be used to generate electricity.Renewable energy is becoming increasingly popular around the world. This is because renewable energy is clean, sustainable, and doesn’t produce greenhouse gases.Questions:1.What is renewable energy?2.Why is renewable energy important?3.What are the most common types of renewable energy?4.How is solar energy used?5.How is wind energy used?Section 3Speaker:Good afternoon, everyone. I’m here to talk to you about the i mportance of recycling.Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. Recycling is important because it helps to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and save energy.There are many different materials that can be recycled, including paper, plastic, glass, and metal. Recycling these materials helps to reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills and incinerators.Recycling also helps to conserve natural resources. For example, recycling paper helps to save trees. Recycling plastic helps to conserve oil. And recycling metal helps to conserve minerals.Recycling also helps to save energy. For example, recycling aluminum cans saves 95% of the energy that would be required to produce new aluminum cans from raw materials.Recycling is a simple way to make a big difference to the environment. By recycling, we can help to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and save energy. Questions:1.What is recycling?2.Why is recycling important?3.What materials can be recycled?4.How does recycling help to conserve natural resources?5.How does recycling help to save energy?Section 4Speaker:Hello, everyone. I’m here to talk to you about the different types of museums.There are many different types of museums, each with its own unique collection of artifacts and exhibits. Some of the most popular types of museums include art museums, history museums, science museums, and natural history museums.Art museums display works of art, such as paintings, sculptures, and drawings. History museums tell the story of human history, from the earliest civilizations to the present day. Science museums explain the natural world, from the smallest atoms to the largest galaxies. And natural history museums display specimens of plants, animals, and minerals.Museums are important because they help us to learn about the world around us. They can also be a great source of entertainment and inspiration.Questions:1.What are some of the most popular types of museums?2.What do art museums display?3.What do history museums tell the story of?4.What do science museums explain?5.What do natural history museums display?。