2012年北京大学保送生测试题
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2012年保送生考试专项练习一-----单项选择( )21.—What do you want to be in the future,Nick?—I want to be__________ pilot. It is________ exciting job.A. a;aB. a;anC. the;anD. a;the( ) 22.—Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?—Sure. I see as a chance to prove_________.A. myselfB. meC. yourselfD. you( ) 23. I have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some________?A. adviceB. decisionsC. informationD. messages( ) 24. You won’t feel happy at school ______ you get on well with your classmates.A. thoughB. whenC. unlessD. because( ) 25. —I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.—Sorry, I ______ with my friends at that time.A. swimB. swamC. will swimD. was swimming( ) 26. _______ you wait a few more minutes? It’ll be your turn soon.A. MustB. ShouldC. CouldD. Might( ) 27. —Mom, can I leave my homework for tomorrow?—I’m afraid not. Don’t _________ what you can do today till tomorrow.A. put onB. put downC. put upD. put off( ) 28. —Mr Hu, can you tell us how to learn math well?—Sure. But remember nothing can be learned _________ hard work.A. byB. atC. withoutD. for( ) 29. —What do you think of the dress?—Wonderful. I don’t think I can find a _________ one.A. goodB. betterC. badD. worst( ) 30. Soft drinks _______ to children for free in some restaurants on Children’s Day.A. offerB. have offeredC. are offeredD. will be offered( ) 31. —Why are you so excited?—Peter invited me _______ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.A. to goB. goC. goingD. went( ) 32. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ______ you had with your dad yesterday.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. who( ) 33. —Excuse me, where is Mr Brown’s office?—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ here for only a few days.A. workB. workedC. have workedD. will work( ) 34. _____fine day it is! Let’s go and fly a kite.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a ( ) 35. I didn’t see Laura at the party last night. Do you know _______?A. why didn’t she comeB. what happenedC. when would she arriveD. where she has been( )21一Shall we pay visit to Expo 2010,Shanghai?一No,I'd rather stay at home and play footballA a; theB the;a C不填,the D a,不填( )22 To help Tommy learn better, his parents have done they could:cards, tapes,special learning centers,in short, everything they can think of.A bothB allC noneD neither( )23—Excuse me,sir. The shoes are a bit small for me—Don’t worry.I’ll change them for a——sizeA smallerB smallestC largerD largest( )24 Father often tells me——too much time on computer games.A don’t spendB not spendC not to spendD not spending( )25 it's difficult to make her dream come true,she never gives upA ThoughB UnlessC BecauseD If( )26 Joe,my close friend,moved to Beijing years a90,and I him since then.A don’t seeB didn’t seeC haven’t seenD won’t see( )27 It was very hard for me to make a—but J decided to leave my jobA suggestionB decisionC planD speech( )28 I often laugh when I see my grandma learning pop songs But she says,“One is never old to learn’’A tooB soC veryD quite( )29 Rebuilding in Yushu began soon alter the earthquake,and it will long into the futureA . reachB keepC stopD last( )30 Karin found some waste paper on the floor.She it and threw into the future.A put; upB picked upC turned; upD looked up( )3l If you try to sit on two chairs,you will fall them For life,you must choose one chair.A betweenB underC amongD into( )32一Long time no see!—I’ve just retuned I to Zhengzhou for a meeting last monthA am sentB was sentC am sendingD was sending( )33 Friends are those make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA whichB whatC whomD who( )34—It’s such a long way! What shall I do?一You——take my car if you wantA willB mustC mayD shall( )35 Some of my friends are interested in science,but none of them can tellA when UFOs will appear next timeB why do horses know the wayC where was this kind of plant foundD how do elephants communicate()21.—When is Henry’s birthday party, Lynn?—The 18th , __ about there o’clock in the afternoon.A. inB. atC. onD. to()22.—What a nice MP5! Whose is it?—It’s __ . My father bought it for me.A. meB. himC. hisD. mine()23.I like __ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fishB. butterC. potatoesD. noodles()24.—Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?—I’m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He __ know.A. canB. mayC. needD. shall()25. The match was really fantastic, __ when Smith scored in the last minute.A. probablyB. exactlyC. especiallyD. mostly()26. Taiwan is part of China. We __ the same history and culture.A. explainB. expressC. connectD. share()27.—Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?—OK. But a dress might be __ .A. goodB. betterC. badD. worse()28.—Excuse me. When does Flight CZ3391 take off?—One moment, please. I’ll __ it .A. look; upB. take; awayC. give; backD. turn; down()29. It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers __ people get off the bus.A. afterB. sinceC. untilD. when()ually John __ to school in his father’s beautiful car.A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD. has been taken()31.It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people__ have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where()32. The zoo keepers is worried because the number of visitors __ smaller and smaller.A. becomeB. becameC. is becomingD. have become()33.—Have you made up your mind __ the sick kids?—By singing songs.A. what to tellB. how to cheer upC. when to helpD. where to look after()34.—You have seen the film The Dead Reading, haven’t you?—__ . How I wish to see it again!A. No, what a pityB. No, I haven’tC. Yes, I like itD. Yes, it’s boring()35.—What time will Mr Brown be back to China?—Sorry. I don’t know______.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad( )21.—How do you like your holiday in Mount Yuntai?—We enjoyed it very much.________sight is very beautiful.A.AB.AnC.TheD./( )22.—I saw Tony at the party.But he didn’t speak to me________evening.—Maybe he didn’t see you.A.allB.everyC.eitherD.another( )23.—How far is it to the airport?20 kilometers? —No,it’s________.About 30 kilometers.A.farB.fartherC.the fartherD.the farthest ( )24.—Our class won the English speaking contest.—Congratulations!You________be very proud of it.A.canB.needC.wouldD.must( )25.Your dream won’t come true________you know what your dream is.A.afterB.unlessC.whileD.since( )26.—Look!The light is still on in Mr Zhang’s office. —I’m afraid he________his work yet.A.doesn’t finishB.didn’t finishC.hasn’t finishedD.won’t finish ( )27.We will never forget what happened________the afternoon of May 12,2008.A.inB.byC.atD.on( )28.—Ms Lin is very popular among the students.—Yes.Her classes are________lively and interesting.A.alwaysB.sometimesC.hardlyD.never( )29.Amy,I’ll be on holiday for a week.Could you help me________my dog?A.look forB.look atC.look afterD.look over( )30.—What did the teacher say just now?—Sorry.I didn’t catch it.I________something else.A.thinkB.will thinkC.was thinkingD.had thought ( )31.When I hurriedly got to the airport;the lady at the window told me that there were no________left on that plane.A.placesB.seatsC.spaceD.room( )32.It seems that it is going to rain.You’d better________the windows open when you leave the house.A.not leaveB.leaveC.not to leaveD.to leave( )33.Shaolin Temple________lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what( )34.—May I come in?I’m sorry I am late. —Come in,please.But could you please tell me________?A.why you are late again C.who you talked withB.what were you doing then D.how do you come to school( )35.—Look at the sign on the right.—Oh,parking________here.A.doesn’t allowB.isn’t allowedC.didn’t allowD.wasn’t allowed。
Ⅰ. 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并把其标号填写在括号内。
When I was in Britain, one day I went to a post office to send a letter. To my 1 , I found people queuing some steps away from the person at the savings deposit (储蓄) window. 2 so? Each did his business in turn but the line never moved a step 3 . I was very curious, so I walked to the 4 to find out the cause. There was a notice on which was written “Thank you for your respect for other’s privacy (隐私)”— a polite notice to keep people away from nosing into other’s 5 . (Money matters are regarded as privacy in western countries!) I was deeply impressed by the 6 and stayed a while to watch: they were waiting so 7 at a distance. It seemed that they were quite used to the practice. The 8 thing happened at a public telephone box. Those waiting for their 9 always kept their distance — enough to be out of 10 . It’s another example!From then on I watched their ways of doing things and manners shown towards others. I found the English were always mindful of other’s privacy. They 11 put others in an embarrassing situation. For instance, they never 12 about age or money, 13 would they talk about others or clothes others wore. Their laws 14 others reading diaries or opening letters without agreement from the owner. That shows 15 matters are not allowed to be disturbed (打扰).( )1. A. sorrow B. surprise C. worry D. anger ( )2. A. When B. Where C. Why D. How( )3. A. slower B. nearer C. faster D. farther ( )4. A. guard B. door C. postman D. window ( )5. A. pockets B. savings C. matters D. needs ( )6. A. sight B. word C. line D. window ( )7. A. honestly B. worriedly C. nervously D. patiently ( )8. A. interesting B. strange C. same D. famous ( )9. A. parts B. turns C. messages D. mails( )10. A. sight B. hearing C. touch D. reach( )11. A. always B. usually C. seldom D. never ( )12. A. asked B. heard C. thought D. learned ( )13. A. so B. nor C. but D. if( )14. A. like B. mind C. hate D. stop( )15. A. pubic B. personal C. small D. important Ⅱ. 阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项,并把其标号填写在括号内。
2012北大自主招生数学试题(理科)1.求x 的取值范围,使得()21f x x x x =+++-是增函数.2.1的实数根的个数.3.已知22(2)(2)0x x m x x n -+-+=的4个根组成首项为14的等差数列,求m n -.4.已知锐角ABC ∆的外接圆的圆心为O ,求O 到三角形三边的距离之比.5.已知点(2,0),(0,2)A B -,若点C 是圆2220x x y -+=上的动点,求ABC ∆面积的最小值.6.在1,2,,2012中取一组数,使得任意两数之和不能被其差整除,最多能取多少个数?7.设点A 、B 、C 分别在边长为1的正三角形的三边上,求222AB BC CA ++的最小值.8.若关于x 的方程sin 4sin 2sin sin 3x x x x a -=在[0,)π有唯一解的a ,求实数a 的范围.9.求证:若圆内接五边形的每个角都相等,则它为正五边形.10.求证:对于任意的正整数n ,(1n 的形式,其中s N +∈.2012年清华等五校自主招生试题−−通用基础测试数 学一、选择题1.若P 为ABC ∆内部任一点(不包括边界),且()(2)0PB PA PB PA PC -+-=,则ABC ∆必为( )A.直角三角形B.等边三角形C.等腰直角三角形D.等腰三角形2.圆锥的轴截面SAB 是边长为2的等边三角形,O 为底面中心,M 为SO 的中点,动点P 在圆锥底面内(包括圆周).若MA MP ⊥,则P 点形成的轨迹的长度为( )C.3D.32 3.某种型号的计算器上有一个特殊的按键,在计算器上显示正整数n 时按下这个按键,会等可能的将其替换为0,1,2,,1n -中的任意一个数.如果初始时显示2011,反复按这个按键使得最终显示0,那么这个过程中,9,99,999都出现的概率是( ) A.4110 B.5110 C.6110 D.7110 4.已知,R αβ∈,直线1sin sin sin cos x y αβαβ+=++与1cos sin cos cos x y αβαβ+=++的交点在直线y x =-上,则cos sin c in s s o ααββ+++=( )A.0B.1C.1-D.25.若正整数集合A k 的最小元素为1,最元素为2007,并且各元素可以从小到大排成一个公差为k 的等差数列,则并集1759A A 中的元素个数为A.119B.120C.151D.1546.三角式111cos 0cos1cos1cos 2cos88cos89+++化简为 A.cot1csc1 B.tan1csc1 C.cot1sec1 D.tan1sec17.设k<3,k≠0,则二次曲线2213x y k k -=-与22152x y +=必有 (A)不同的顶点;(B)不同的准线;(C)相同的焦点;(D)相同的离心率.8.若P 为椭圆221169x y +=l 在第一象限上的动点,过点P 引圆x 2+y 2=9的两条切线PA 、PB ,切点分别为A 、B ,直线AB 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点M 、N ,则S MON ∆的最小值为( )(A)92;(B)(C)274;(D) 9. 设x 1、x 2是实系数一元二次方程ax 2+bx +c=0的根,若x 1是虚数,212x x 是实数,则 248200711111222221x x x x x S x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=++++++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭的值为A.0B.−1003C.1004D.−100410.函数f:R →R ,对任意的实数x 、y ,只要x+y≠0,就有f(xy)=()()f x f y x y++成立,则函数f(x)(x ∈R)的奇偶性为(A)一定是奇函数; (B)一定是偶函数; (C)既是奇函数,又是偶函数; (D)既不是奇函数,又不是偶函数.二、解答题11. 系统内有2k−1(k ∈N+)个元件,每个元件正常工作的概率为p(0<p<1),若有超过一半的元件正常工作,则系统正常工作.求系统正常工作的概率p 并讨论p k 的单调性.12.已知2()12!!n n x x f x x n =++++(*n N ∈),求证:当n 为偶数时,方程()0n f x =无解;当n 为奇数时,方程()0n f x =有唯一解n x ,且2n n x x +<.13.已知锐角三角形ABC中,BE⊥AC于点E,CD⊥AB于点D,且BC=25,CE=7,BD=15,若BE、CD交于点H,联结DE,以DE为直径作圆,该圆与AC交于另一点F,求AF的长度.14.已知有n(n≥2)位乒乓球选手,他们互相进行了若干场乒乓球双打比赛,并且发现任两名选手作为队友恰好只参加过一次比赛,试求n的所有可能值·15.已知动点P在y轴上投影为H,A(−2,0),B(2,O),满足2AP BP PH.2||(1)求点P的轨迹方程C;(2)已知一条直线过点B,且与曲线C交于x轴下方两点C、D,M为CD中点,求M与点Q(0,−2)连线的斜率取值范围.2012年名牌大学自主招生考试试题(3)适用高校:北京理工大学、同济大学等十三校一、选择题1.正四面体的4个而上分别写若l,2,3,4,将4个这样的均匀正四面体投掷于桌而上,与桌面接触的4个面上的4个数的乘积被4整除的概率是( )(A)18 (B)964(C)116 (D)1316 2.设a>0,b >0,c >0,且a+b+c=1,则22a b c 的最大值为( )(A)613 (B)43123 (C)34123 (D)6123.已知F 1、F 2分别为双曲线22221x y a b-=的左、右焦点,P 为双曲线左支上的任意一点, 若221||||PF PF 的最小值为8a, 则双曲线的离心率的取值范围为( ) (A)(l ,+∞); (B)(0,3]; (C)(1,2]; (D)(1,3]4.如果关于x 的方程2x 2+3ax+a 2−a =0至少有一个根等于l 的根,那么实数a 的值( )(A)不存在;(B)有一个;(C)有三个;(D)有四个.5.5个顶点不共面的五边形叫空间五边形,空间五边形的5条边所在直线中,互相垂直的直线对至多有( )(A)5对; (B)6对; (C)7对; (D)8对.6.已知定义在实数集R 上的函数f(x),其值域也是R,井且时任意x 、y ∈R .都有f[xf(y)]=xy,则|f(2007)等于( )(A)0; (B)1; (C)20072; (D)20077.若k 是正位数,且0242401020054010401040104010333C C C C +⨯+⨯++⨯能被2k 整除,则k 的最大值为( )(A)2004; (B)2005; (C)2006; (D)2008.8.已知非零向量AB 与AC 满足0||||AB AC BC AB AC ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,且12||||AB AC AB AC =则ABC ∆为( ) (A)三边均为不相等的三角形; (B)直角三角形; (C)等腰非等边三角形; (D)等边三角形.9.关于x 、y 、z 的方程组333(6),(6),(6),y x z y x z -=-=-=的实数解的组数有( )(A)有一组解; (B)有两组解; (C)有无穷多组解; (D)无法确定10.在欧非杯排球赛中,欧洲的参赛队伍比非洲的参赛队伍多9支,每两支球队赛一场,胜者得1分,败者得0分,若欧洲球队所得总分为非洲球队所得总分的9倍,则非洲球队的各支球队中得分的最大可能值是( )(A)8; (B)9; (C)10; (D)11.二、解答题11.在m(m≥2)个不同数的排列P 1 P 2 ⋯P m 中, 若1≤i<j≤m 时P i >P j (即前面某数大于后面某数),则称P i 与P j 构成一个逆序.一个排列的全部逆序的总数称为该排列的逆序数.记排列(n+1)n(n−1)⋯321的逆序数为a n ,如排列21的逆序数a 1=l ,排列4321的逆序数a 3=6.(1)求a 4、a 5,并写出a n 的表达式;(2)令b n =11n n n n a a a a +++,求证:2n<12n b b b +++ <2n+3,n=1,2,…12.在ABC ∆中,角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c, 已知sinA +sinC=msinB(m ∈R),且4(A−C)+4cosB+cos2B=1.(1)求证:b 2=4ac;(2)当m=54, b=1时,求a 、c 的值; (3)若角B 为最大内角(即B≥A 且B≥C).求实数m 的取值范围.13.已知a、b为实数,i为虚数单位.且关于z的二次方程4z2+(2a+i)z−8b(9a+4)−2(a+2b)i=0至少有一个实根.求这个实根的最大值.14.双曲线C的渐近线方程为x±2y=0,点A(5,0)到双曲线C上动点P(1)求双曲线方程;(2)若过点B(1,0)的直线l交双曲线C上支一点M,下支一点N,且4MB=5BN,求直线l的方程.15.由抛物线x=y2+2与点(3,1)处的法线及x轴、y轴所围成一个平面图形.(1)求此平面图形的面积;(2)求该平面图形绕x轴旋转所成旋转体的体积.2013年“北约”自主招生试题一、以二、在6×6的表中停放3辆完全相同的红色车和3辆完全相同的黑色车,每一行、每一列都只有一辆车,每辆车占一格,共有多少种停放方法?三、已知x2=2y+5,y2=2x+5,求x3−2x2y2+y2的值。
一.选择题1.(2013北约自主招生)在一个绝热的竖直气缸里面放有一定质量的理想气体,绝热的活塞原来是固定的。
现拆去销钉(图中未画出),气体因膨胀把活塞及重物举高后如图所示。
则在此过程中气体的( ) A.压强不变,温度升高B.压强不变,温度降低C.压强减小,温度升高D.压强减小,温度降低【参考答案】:D【点评】此题考查绝热膨胀、热力学第一定律及其相关知识的运用。
2.(2012北约自主招生真题)相同材料制成的一个圆环A 和一个圆盘B,厚度相同,且两者起始温度和质量也相同,把它们都竖立在水平地面上,现给它们相同的热量,假设它们不与任何其他物体进行热交换,则升温后的圆环A 的温度t A与圆盘B的温度t B的大小关系是()A.t A>t B B.t A<t BC.t A=t B D.无法确定【参考答案】:B。
【名师解析】:现给它们相同的热量,升温后二者都体积增大(膨胀),由于圆环A重心升高比圆盘B大,重力势能增加A比B大,根据能量守恒定律,升温后的圆环A 的温度t A小于圆盘B的温度t B,选项B 正确。
【点评】此题以圆环和圆盘切入,意在考查散热与形状的关系。
3.(2012年华约自主招生)如图所示,绝热容器的气体被绝热光滑密封活塞分为两部分A、B,已知初始状态下A、B 两部分体积、压强、温度均相等,A 中有一电热丝对A 部分气体加热一段时间,稳定后( )A .A 气体压强增加,体积增大,温度不变B .B 气体的温度升高,B 中分子运动加剧C .B 气体的体积减小,压强增大D .A 气体的内能变化量等于 B 气体的内能变化量 【参考答案】:BC【点评】此题以绝热容器内的气体切入,意在考查热学相关知识。
4.(2012卓越自主招生)在两端开口竖直放置的U 形管内,两段水银封闭着长度为L 的空气柱,a 、b 两水银面的高度差为h ,现保持温度不变,则 A .若再向左管注入些水银,稳定后h 变大 B .若再向左管注入些水银,稳定后h 不变 C .若再向右管注入些水银,稳定后h 变大 D .若两管同时注入些水银,稳定后h 变大 【参考答案】:BCD【名师解析】:若再向左管注入些水银,由于右管空气柱上端的水银柱高度不变,水银稳定后h 不变,选项B 正确A 错误。
2012 年北大保送测试物理试题1.有一倾角为045θ=的固定斜面,将一质量为m 的正方体物块置于其上,若两者间的动摩擦因数为μ,且1μ<。
(1)为使物块不下滑,作用于物块上的最小力F 1为多少?(2)为使物块沿斜面上滑,作用于物块上的最小力F 2又为多少?(3)为使物块不翻滚,F 2的作用点有无要求?2.如图所示,质量为M 的木板放在光滑水平面上以速度v 2向左运动。
现另有一个质量为m 的小球以大小为v 1、方向和竖直方向成β角的速度斜向右下方撞击木板,则要使球与板弹性碰撞后球不再向前运动,应满足什么条件?设球和板间的动摩擦因数为μ。
3.如图所示,A 、B 、C 三个物块的质量皆为m ,与B 、C 板相连的弹簧的劲度系数为k ,A 与B 相距h ,现无初速放开物块A ,它与B 碰撞后黏在一起向下运动。
(1)若在之后的运动中,物C 能够离开地面,h 应满足什么条件?(2)若在C 物刚好能被拉起的情况下,则B 下降的最大高度为多少?4.如图所示气缸上部足够长,质量不计的轻活塞A 、B 的截面积分别为2S 和S ,气缸下部长为2l 。
A 、B 活塞间以长为7l/4的无弹性轻质细绳相连,A 活塞上部有压强为p 0的大气。
开始时封闭气室M 、N 中充有同样多的同种气体。
且M 的体积是N 的2倍,N 中气体恰好为1 mol ,且小活塞B 位于距底部l 处,气体温度为T 0。
现同时缓慢升高两部分封闭气体的温度至2T 0,求平衡后活塞A 与底部的距离。
5. 如图所示,铜球壳的内外半径分别为R 1=1 cm ,R 2=2 cm ,电子电量为1.6×10-19C ,铜的密度为8.9 g/cm 3,铜的摩尔质量64 g/mol ,阿伏伽德罗常数为6.02×1023mol -1,空气的击穿电压为3×104V 。
求(1)铜球壳的最大带电量,其对应多少个电子?(2)设每个铜原子带一个自由电子,则(1)中电子数与自由电子总数的比值为多少?6.如图所示的电路中,R 1=R 2=R 3=R ,变阻器R 4的最大阻值也为R ,滑动头D 可自由滑动。
2012年北京大学保送生面试考“物价2012年清华大学保送生笔试考“狼爸据北京青年报讯昨天,北京大学(微博)举行了保送生面试,笔试今日进行。
与以往面试类似,北大考题涉及的话题领域宽泛,“物价上涨”、“神八与天宫交会对接”等时下热点事件成为考题。
面试延续了以往的小组面试形式,5名考生面对三位考官,每名考生抽一道题,并且有一次换题机会。
今年每场面试的时间为40分钟,比以往缩短了10分钟,这意味着考生之间现场讨论的时间减少。
据一位考官称,面试时间减少不会影响对学生的评判。
昨天上午的面试题目五花八门,既有生活类话题,也有宗教之类的抽象话题。
据考生们介绍,有一道题是“我国经济增长的同时也带来了物价上涨,你怎样看待这个问题?”一名来自辽宁的考生说,他从中学食堂价格上涨谈到通胀对生活的影响,建议政府应该给低收入群体发放补贴。
据考官透露,思维灵活、视野开阔的考生易得高分。
比如,谈到“神八与天宫交会对接”时,有考生不仅从科技角度思考,而且联系到美国、俄罗斯、中国之间的太空竞争,还从全人类的角度分析了各国重复建设空间站对资源的消耗。
记者了解到,保送生考试总共600分,其中笔试占500分,面试成绩只占100分。
笔试今天开考,上午进行语文、数学、英语(论坛)的考试,下午将根据文理科的不同,分别进行历史、政治以及物理、化学的考试转播到腾讯微博本报讯昨天,清华大学(招生办)同时举行保送生的笔试和自主招生“领军计划”的面试。
那些进考场之前还在恶补时事热点的考生发现,事先准备的都没用上。
据清华招办负责人透露,面试时有的考生令考官刮目相看,有的则被问懵了。
“领军计划”是清华2012年自主招生中特殊的一部分,旨在选拔“志向远大、追求卓越、品学兼优、素质全面”的应届高中毕业生,由清华指定的全国211所中学推荐,然后由清华用面试的方式选拔。
昨天上午参加面试的有240多名考生。
记者看到,很多备考的考生在考场外还捧着资料在恶补时事热点。
但面试结束后走出考场的考生大多告诉记者,事先准备的几乎都没用上。
2012 年清华保送生测试物理试题一、选择题(5×4)1.如图所示,一根光滑的均匀细杆绕通过转轴O 点的竖直线转动,将一小球从顶端O 点自由释放,设小球、杆和地球系统的机械能为E ,球、杆绕过O 点的竖直线的角动量为L ,下列说法正确的是( )。
A .E 、L 均不变B .E 变化,L 不变C .E 不变,L 变化D .E 、L 均变化2.理想气体无法通过相变变成液体,这是因为:( )。
A .气体分子间无相互作用力B .理想气体没有分子势能C .理想气体分子体积很小D .理想气体分子没有碰撞3.如图所示,AB 为一定量理想气体的绝热线,当它以图示A →B →E →A过程变化时,下列关于气体吸、放热的表述正确的是( )。
A .始终吸热B .始终放热C .有时吸热,有时放热,但吸热等于放热D .有时吸热,有时放热,但吸热大于放热E .有时吸热,有时放热,但吸热小于放热4.无限大带电平板上方的场强E 为定值,它的大小与下列哪一项是成正比的?( )。
A .k σB ./k σC .2k σD ./k σ5.利用千分尺原理制成的读数显微镜,放大率显示为50×,准确度达到10-2mm ,现读到0.501 mm ,则测量数据最终应该记为:( )。
A .0.50 mmB .0.501 mmC .0.501×50 mmD .0.501/50 mm二、填空题(5×5)6.若地球质量不变,但地球的半径减小1%,则其表面重力加速度改变 %。
地球的转动动能变化 %。
(用+、-分别表示增加、减少)7.量纲计算,表示电子精细结构常数204e hc πε的量纲。
因为204e πε的量纲是 ,1hc量纲是 ,所以204e hc πε量纲是 。
设[L]、[M]、[T]为长度、质量、时间的量纲。
8.一个气泡从湖底升至水面,体积变为原来的10倍,则湖水深约为 m 。
9.一平行板电容器接在电源两端,断开电源将其拉开一段距离做功为A ,接通电源时拉开相同距离做功为B ,则A 与B 哪个大?答: 大,理由: 。
北京大学自主招生面试真题与模拟题2008年22日上午的题目:1、在地球上,很多人能踢出所谓香蕉球,请问在月球上能踢出吗?2、你最喜欢的科学家是谁?请说明理由?3、嫦娥一号升空了,国人都沉浸在兴奋中,请问你:嫦娥一号升空后,你有什么联想?4、从文学和社会知识两个方面分析讨论:睡着的人和醒着的人。
5、据报道,澳大利亚新总理陆克文能讲一口流利的汉语,有些人推测这会推动中澳两国的合作与交流,谈谈你的看法。
6、股票现在很火,请问你认为有没有必要人人都听从股评分析师和经济学家的分析?同时请分析股市与物理中的“守恒”的联系。
7、在现代市场经济下,人们鼓励贷款购房购车,那么“量入为出”的古训还有意义么?8、“会哭的孩子有奶吃”是现在社会存在的一种普遍现象,你认为这是否颠覆“择善而从”的社会准则呢?9、简述“软实力”对于我国新世纪发展的作用。
10、据报道sdXXXX小行星与火星相撞的概率大大增大,这对地球是好是坏?为什么?22日下午的题目:1、2007年中国总体形势可用一个“涨”字来概括,你认为合适吗?为什么?2、你对“经典”的认识和理解。
3、结合我国的发展国情,阐述你对乙醇酿造用粮食而导致的“人车争粮”问题的看法。
4、如果你只能从“爱”“责任”“事业”三者中选一个,你会选哪一个,为什么?5. “绿杨烟外晓寒轻,红杏枝头春意闹。
”你对“闹”字的赏析。
6、也许你不了解法国的社会背景,也没有到过巴黎,但读起小仲马的《茶花女》时却会在内心中产生一种共鸣,你是怎样理解这种共鸣的?7、钱钟书先生曾经说过:“窗户是房子的眼睛”,又有人说:“眼睛是心灵的窗户”。
请就这一问题谈谈你自己的看法。
8、自然科学家是否应具备良好的人文科学素养?为什么?谈谈你的看法。
9、奥运会之后很多场馆将被闲置,你有什么措施可以解决这个问题?10、“种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆”符合遗传学的规律,但现实生活中经常出现“播下龙种,收获跳蚤”的发展结果,请你解释原因。
2012年保送生考试专项练习参考答案专练一21.B 22.A 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.A 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.B专练二36.C 37.A 38.D 39.B 40.D 41.A 42.B 43.C 44.C 45.A76. How about/What about youWhat are you going to doWhat do you want to doWhat’s your plan…77. Because there is/there will be ...Because I want to go to .. …78. Would you like to go with me…79. Can/May/Could I take a camera with me…80. where shall we meet…76 To my hometown/Australia/Shanghai/I'm going to my hometown/Australia/Shanghai/…77 Where are you going(for your summer holidays)What are you going to do this summerWhat’s your plan (for summer holidays)/What are your plans (for Summer holidays)/What plans do you have (for summer holidays)/…What about you/How about you/…78 1 help my grandparents do farm workI feed chickens,water plants and ride horsesl go swimming and boating/I play basketball or tennis/…79 I'm going with my cousin/my brother/…With my cousin/my brother/…My cousin/brother/…is going with meMy parents/…are going with me…76. Yes, please/ thanks/ sir Thank you …77. Can/Could you tell me where the nearest hotel is/how I can get to the nearest hotel/where I can find the nearest hotel/which is the way to the nearest hotelCan/Could you tell me where to find the nearest hotel/how to get to the nearest hotelCan/Could you tell me the way to the nearest hotelWhere is the nearest hotelWhich is the way to the nearest hotelHow can I get to the nearest hotel …78. There’s a post office nearby/over there/down the street/…You can get/buy one in a/the post office (nearby/over there/down the street/…)You can find a post office (nearby/over ther/down the street/…)…79. Is it open nowIs it closed in the eveningDoes it close in the evening…80. (The)Euro (Hotel)It’s called (the) Euro(Hotel)The name of the hotel is (the)Euro(Hotel)Its name is (the) Euro (Hotel)36~40 CADCB 41~45 BCDAC76.Where did you go(just now)/Where were you(just now)/…77.When is it/When shall we go there/When are we going to help them/…78.What’s wrong(with you)/What’s the matter (with you) /What happened(to you) /What’s yourtrouble/…79.Much better/I am feeling much better/I am getting better and better/Not so good/Not very well …80.Many thanks/Thank you(very much)/Thanks a lot/Thanks for you r help/It’s very kind of you…专练三46.B 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.D 56.D 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.A专练四66.helpful 67.from 68.wasting 69.earlier 70.if 71.received 72.my 73.but 74.years 5.third66 speaking 67 their 68 first 69 wants 70 dropped 71 dirty 72 lesson 73 times 74 has 75 always66. meeting 67. earlier 68. wonderful 69. through 70. stopped 71. our 72. but 73. rooms 74. was 75. soon66.Have 67.building 68.look 69.more 70.enough 71.but 72.first 73.finished 74.in 75.them61 62 63 64 65 DBEAG。
北京大学保送生数学真题及答案2012年北京大学保送生考试数学试题及参考答案1. 已知数列{}na 为正项等比数列,且34125a a a a +--=,求56aa +的最小值.解:设数列{}na 的公比为()0q q >,则231115a qa q a a q +--=,12351a q q q ∴=+--()251(1)q q =+-.由1a>知1q >.()454556111a a a q a q a q q ∴+=+=+()()44225511(1)1q q q q q q =⋅+=+--222211515122011qq q q ⎛⎫⎛⎫=++=-++≥ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭,当且仅当22111qq -=-即q =56aa +有最小值20.2.已知()f x 为二次函数,且()()()()()(),,,a f a f f a f f f a 成正项等比数列,求证:()f a a =.证法一:设()()20f x mx nx t m =++≠,数列()()()()()(),,,a f a f f a f f f a 的公比为()0q q >,则()()()()()()()()223,,f a aq f f a f aq aq f f f a f aq aq =====,2ma na t aq∴++=①22()m aq naq t aq ++=②2223()m aq naq t aq ++=③①-②得()()()22111ma q na q aq q ∴-+-=-, ②-③得()()()2222111ma q q naq q aq q ∴-+-=-.若1q =,则()f a a =; 若1q ≠,则()21ma q na aq++=与()21ma q q na aq++=矛盾.()f a a ∴=.证法二:由()()()()()(),,,a f a f f a f f f a 成等比数列得()()()()()()()()()f f f a f f a f a af a f f a ==,()()()()()()()()()()()()f f f a f f a f f a f a f a af f a f a --∴=--.∴三点()()()()()()()()()()()(),,,,,A a f a B f a f a C f a f a 满足ABBCkk =,,,A B C ∴三点共线,与,,A B C 三点在抛物线上矛盾,()f a a ∴=.3.称四个顶点都落在三角形三边上的正方形叫三角形的内接正方形.若锐角三角形ABC 的三边满足a b c >>,证明:这个三角形的内接正方形边长的最小值为sin sin ac B a c B+. 解:如图所示,设正方形MNPQ 的边长为x ,AE MNAD BC=,sin sin c B x x c B a -∴=,sin sin 2ac B abcx a c B Ra bc∴==++. 同理可得其它两用人才种情况下内接正方形边长为D Q EPNMCB A,22abc abcRb ac Rc ab++. ()()()2220Rb ac Ra bc b a R c +-+=--<,()()()2220Rc ab Ra bc c a R b +-+=--<,∴这个三角形的内接正方形边长的最小值为sin sin ac Ba c B+. 4.从O 点发出两条射线12,l l ,已知直线l 交12,l l 于,A B两点,且OABSc∆=(c 为定值),记AB 中点为X ,求证:X 的轨迹为双曲线.解:以12,l l 的角平分线所在直线为x 示的直角坐标系.设AOx BOx α∠=∠=,,OA a OB b ==,(),X x y , 则1sin 22OABS ab c α∆==,2sin 2c ab α=.()()cos ,sin ,cos ,sin A a a B b b αααα-,cos cos ,2sin sin ,2a b x a b y αααα+⎧=⎪⎪∴⎨-⎪=⎪⎩(1)cos 2(2)sin 2xa b y a b αα+⎧=⎪⎪∴⎨-⎪=⎪⎩22(1)(2)-得22222cos sin sin 2x y cab ααα-==,∴X 的轨迹为双曲线. 5.已知()1,2,,10ia i =满足1210121030,21a aa a a a +++=<,求证:()1,2,,10i a i ∃=,使1ia <.X证明:用反证法,假设()1,2,,10ia i ∀=, 1ia ≥.令()11,2,,10i i a b i =+=,则i b ≥,且121020b b b +++=.()()()12101210111a aa b b b ∴=+++121012231b b b b b b b =+++++++12232121b bb b =+++≥与121021a a a <矛盾,()1,2,,10ia i ∴∃=,使1ia <.。