《幽梦影》——林语堂译(读书与文学)
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览尽风雅之事-《幽梦影》在浩如烟海的中国古典文学中,有一本以格言警句形式对人生的诸多问题进行解读,用幽静的态度去观察人生与自然的书,这就是清代文学家张潮的《幽梦影》。
《幽梦影》书名取其如幽人梦境所得之意,蕴涵着破人梦境,发人警醒的用心。
全书由二百多段格言组成,没有人物,也没有情节,也不讲究系统逻辑,但读来一点都不感觉枯燥乏味。
细细品读,浓缩的智慧镶嵌在清淡美丽的文字中,让人拍案叫绝。
该书出版后,在当时的知识分子中产生过强烈的影响。
有人认为它“所发者皆未发之论,所言者皆难言之情”,评价甚高。
林语堂先生在《生活的艺术》中指出:“这一类的集子在中国很多,可是没有一部可和张潮自己所写的比拟。
”“少年读书,如隙中窥月;中年读书,如庭中望月;老年读书,如台上玩月。
皆以阅历之浅深,为所得之浅深耳。
”短短几句,点明了人生各个阶段读书的不同收获,并指出了个人生活阅历对于读书的重要性。
“花不可以无蝶,山不可以无泉,石不可以无苔,水不可以无藻,乔木不可以无藤萝,人不可以无癖。
”这一段排比句,以花、山、石、水、木为铺垫,最后归结到人不能没有一点爱好,笔法十分惊妙。
“天下有一人知己,可以不恨。
不独人也,物亦有之。
如菊以渊明为知己;梅以和靖为知己;竹以子猷为知己;莲以濂溪为知己……”此段写出了人生在世知心朋友的重要性,与鲁迅先生的“人生得一知己足矣,斯世当同怀视之”有着异曲同工之妙。
《幽梦影》中的格言警句,几乎见不到直接教人怎样做人的,更多的是教人如何享受人生,并在享受的过程中体悟做人的道理,着眼于以优雅的心胸、眼光去发现美的事物。
“幽梦一帘花影深,清风明月露天真。
山川万物皆文史,阅尽沧桑自在身。
”。
《幽梦影》——林语堂译1房屋与家庭——之一抄写之笔墨不必过求其佳,若施之缣素则不可不求其佳。
诵读之书籍不必过求其备,若以供稽考则不可不求其备。
游历之山水不必过求其妙,若因之卜居则不可不求其妙。
辟疆曰:外遇之女色不必过求其美,若以作姬妾则不可不求其美。
永清曰:观其区处条理,所在经济可知。
One need not be too particular about pen and ink when doing copy work, but should be particular when writing things to be framed. Also one can have a random collection of books for reading, but should insist on good, adequate reference works. Likewise, what landscape one sees in passing in travel is not too important, but that of the place where one is going to build a house and settle down is of prime importance.Pichiang: Women with whom one has casual affairs need not be especially beautiful, but the mistress one is going to live with at home must be.Yungching: There is a sense of relative importance shown in Pichiang’s statement.房屋与家庭——之二忙人园亭宜与住宅相连,闲人园亭不妨与住宅相远。
1 临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网。
——董仲舒·《元光之年举贤良对策》Bettergo back and make a net than long for the fish by merely staring into the water.(尹邦彦译)2 利天下者,天下启之;害天下者,天下闭之。
——《六韬·发启》Ifyou benefit the people of the world, you will attain their support. If you harmthe people of the world, you will face their opposition.(聂送来译)3 君子之事上也,进思尽忠,退思补过。
——《孝经·事君章》Inserving his sovereign the man of the talent and virtue considers how todischarge his duty faithfully while in office; when he retires, he considershow to make up for his own errors.(刘瑞祥、林之鹤译)4 夫争天下者,必先争人。
明大数者,得人;审小计者,失人。
——《管子·霸言》Whoevercompetes for the authority over the world should compete for the support of thepeople. The most sensible persons will win over the people. The sharp-wittedbut petty-minded ones will lose the support of the people.(翟江月译)5 人欲见其所不见,视人所不窥;欲得其所不得,修人所不为。
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----------------------- Page 1-----------------------《幽梦影》——林语堂译(品格辑) xyer@ 白云黄鹤BBS 录入1《幽梦影》——林语堂译品格——之一何谓善人?无损于世者则谓之善人;何谓恶人?有害于世者则谓之恶人。
含徵曰:尚有有害于世而反邀善人之誉。
此实为好利而显为名高者,则又恶人之尤。
What is a good man? Simply one whose life is useful to the world. And a bad man is simply onewhose life is harmful to others.Hanchen: There are, however, those who are harmful and yet enjoy a good reputation, and whomanage to profit by a show of unselfishness. These are the worst of all.品格——之二无善无恶是圣人,善多恶少是贤者,善少恶多是庸人,有恶无善是小人,有善无恶是仙佛。
(冒)青若曰:昔人云,善可为而不可为。
Those beyond good and evil are sages. Those who have more good than bad in them aredistinguished persons. Common men have more evil than good, and the scum and riffraff ofsociety have no good at all. Fairies and Buddha have only good and no evil.Chinjo: An ancient one said, “One should do good, of course, but there are times when one shouldnot."品格——之三昭君以和亲而显,刘蕡(fei4)以下第而传,可谓之不幸,不可谓之缺憾。
⼈⽣之⼀情之⼀字,所以维持世界;才之⼀字,所以粉饰乾坤。
*(吴)⾬若⽈:世界原从情字⽣出。
有夫妇然后有⽗⼦,有⽗⼦然后有兄弟,有兄弟然后有朋友,有朋友然后有君⾂。
*批注者于书中初见,即加注姓⽒,以便读者。
Passion holds up the bottom of the universe,and the poet gives it a new dress.Yujo:All human life begins with love between man and woman,from which theother human relationships such as between father and son and between brothers follow.“⼈⽣”之⼆情必近于痴⽽始真,才必兼乎趣⽽始化。
(陆)云⼠⽈:真情种,真才⼦,能为此⾔。
(顾)天⽯⽈:才兼乎趣,⾮⼼斋不⾜当之。
(尤)慧珠⽈:余情⽽痴则有之,才⽽趣则未能也。
Love is not true love without a form of madness.A literary artist must havezest in life to enter into nature's spirit.Yunshih:Here speaks a born lover and artist.Tienshih:Shintsai really understands the zest of life besides being aliterary artist.[Miss]Hueichu:I think I know the passion of love,but I have not the zestcombined with talent.⼈⽣之三律⼰宜带秋⽓,处世宜带春⽓。
One should discipline oneself in the spirit of autumn and live with others inthe spirit of spring.⼈⽣之四能闲世⼈之所忙者,⽅能忙世⼈之所闲。
古代奇文《幽梦影》经典名句,美到令人心醉的人生智慧《幽梦影》为清代张潮著,主要着眼于以优雅的心胸、眼光去发现美的事物,可以说是求美的著作。
书中没有强烈的、尖锐的批评,只有不失风度的冷嘲热讽。
林语堂认为张潮极能体现中国传统文人的人格特质,因此“数十年间孜孜不倦地推介《幽梦影》这部书”,翻译此书,让西方世界见识中国文化。
1. 读经宜冬,其神专也;读史宜夏,其时久也;读诸子宜秋,其致别也;读诸集宜春,其机畅也。
2. 经传宜独坐读,史鉴宜与友共读。
3.为月忧云,为书忧蠹,为花忧风雨,为才子佳人忧命薄,真是菩萨心肠。
4. 花不可以无蝶,山不可以无泉,石不可以无苔,水不可以无藻,乔木不可以无藤萝,人不可以无癖。
5. 春听鸟声,夏听蝉声,秋听虫声,冬听雪声;白昼听棋声,月下听箫声;山中听松声,水际听欸乃声,方不虚生此耳。
若恶少斥辱,悍妻诟谇,真不若耳聋也。
6. 上元须酌豪友,端午须酌丽友,七夕须酌韵友,中秋须酌淡友,重九须酌逸友。
7. 赏花宜对佳人,醉月宜对韵人,映雪宜对高人。
8. 对渊博友,如读异书;对风雅友,如读名人诗文;对谨饬友,如读圣贤经传;对滑稽友,如阅传奇小说。
9. 楷书须如文人,草书须如名将,行书介乎二者之间。
如羊叔子缓带轻裘,正是佳处。
10. 昔人云:“若无花月美人,不愿生此世界。
”予益一语云:“若无翰墨棋酒,不必定作人身。
”11. 愿在木而为樗,愿在草而为蓍,愿在鸟而为鸥,愿在兽而为廌,愿在虫而为蝶,愿在鱼而为鲲。
12. 庄周梦为蝴蝶,庄周之幸也;蝴蝶梦为庄周,蝴蝶之不幸也。
13. 艺花可以邀蝶,累石可以邀云,栽松可以邀风,贮水可以邀萍,筑台可以邀月,种蕉可以邀雨,植柳可以邀蝉。
14. 楼上看山,城头看雪,灯前看月,舟中看霞,月下看美人,另是一番情境。
15. 山之光,水之声,月之色,花之香,文人之韵致,美人之姿态,皆无可名状,无可执着。
真足以摄召魂梦,颠倒情思。
16. 以爱花之心爱美人,则领略自饶别趣;以爱美人之心爱花,则护惜倍有深情。
国学经典译注:《幽梦影》幽梦影清·张潮著一读经宜冬,其神专也。
读史宜夏,其时久也。
读诸子宜秋,其致别也。
读诸集宜春,其机畅也。
曹秋岳曰:可想见其南而百城时。
庞笔奴曰:读《幽梦影》,则春夏秋冬,无时不宜。
【译文】读经书适宜在冬天,因为冬天可专注驰骋的神思。
读史书适宜在夏天,因为夏天可以体味历史的悠久。
读诸子著作适宜在秋天,因为秋天可以领会诸子精神的实质。
读诗词文集适宜在春天,因为春天可以显示出诗文的生机。
【评点】读经史子集,择时于四季,时令与开卷,相宜相彰。
冬可以凝聚神思,夏可以伴度悠长,秋可以领悟精深,春可以横溢才情。
春夏秋冬,无时不宜读书。
二经传宜独坐读,史鉴宜与友共读。
孙恺似曰:深得此中真趣,固难为不知者道。
王景州曰:如无好友,即红友亦可。
【译文】《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》等经书以及它们的经典注释之作,适宜一个人独自阅读,历史著作适宜与知己好友共同阅读。
【评点】经过便于一个人独自赏析,这样可以聚精会神品味其中的内涵;史鉴应与知己好友共同诗论,这样可以透彻了解历史的变迁。
读书的乐趣和方式在于,独自赏析和共同讨论各有其境界和裨益,这要看读什么书,用什么眼光读书,与什么人一起读书了。
三无善无恶是圣人。
(如帝力何有我?杀之而不怨,利之而庸;以直报怨,以德报德;一介不与,一介不取之类。
)善多恶少是贤者。
(如颜子不贰过,有不善未尝不知;子路人告有过则喜之类。
)善少恶多是庸人。
有恶无善是小人。
(其偶为善处,亦必有所为。
)有善无恶是仙佛。
(如所谓善,亦非吾儒之所谓善也。
)黄九烟曰:今人一介不与者甚多,普天之下,皆半边圣人也。
利之不庸者,亦复不少。
江含徵曰:先恶后善,是回头人。
先善后恶,是两截人。
殷日戒曰:貌善而心恶者,是奸人,亦当分别。
冒青若曰:昔人云:“善可为而不可为。
”唐解元诗云:“善亦懒为何况恶。
”当于有无多少中更进一层。
【译文】既没有善也没有恶的人是具有极高道德的圣人。
(如帝王的作用对我有什么影响?杀死也不会有怨言,利用又表现得不平庸;以公正回报怨恨,以恩德报答恩德;丝毫不给予,丝毫不掠取等等。
略论林语堂《幽梦影》翻译中的标准与责任牛妮妮【摘要】林语堂曾提出翻译的三标准"忠实、通顺、美",又对其进行了详细的阐述.继而创造性地将此标准同译者责任紧密相联,即"忠实"是译者对原著的责任;"通顺"是译者对读者的责任;"美"是译者对艺术的责任.基于前人对林语堂<幽梦影>译文的相关研究,在其中甄别、挑选若干译例并加以分析,充分地发掘其翻译标准与译者责任之间的微妙关系,以求借鉴意义.【期刊名称】《商洛学院学报》【年(卷),期】2011(025)002【总页数】5页(P83-86,96)【关键词】林语堂;翻译标准;译者责任;《幽梦影》【作者】牛妮妮【作者单位】西安翻译学院外国语学院,陕西西安,710105【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.920世纪30年代,林语堂先后创办了《论语》、《人间世》、《宇宙风》等文学期刊,倡扬小品文应以“以自我为中心,以闲适为格调”,“宇宙之大,苍蝇之微,皆可取材”[1]395的文学创作主张。
与此同时,林语堂也经营着自己的翻译生涯,其中清代张潮的《幽梦影》隽美淡雅,融会闲趣、诙谐、哲理的格调正好暗合了他的文学审美观,所以林语堂对其作了精心翻译,《幽梦影》译文便成了后人研究林语堂翻译实践的重要文献之一。
就林语堂《幽梦影》这一译文的相关翻译研究而言,其重要的研究成果大致有:《林语堂〈幽梦影〉译本小议》从译本中的省略、变通、口语化等方面做了分析,并揭示译本具有共性、带有规律性的东西[2];《林语堂的翻译观及其实践:浅析<幽梦影>中的增译、漏译和改译》主要分析了译文的增译、漏译和改译翻译技巧的应用[3];《〈幽梦影〉林译本误译评析》结合译文实例指出了林语堂望文生义甚至曲解原作的现象[4];《从风格翻译手段角度看林语堂英译的〈幽梦影〉》一文从风格翻译手段的视角从对应、重构、淡化探讨了林语堂如何再现原作的[5]。
《幽梦影》——林语堂译1读书与文学——之一古今至文,皆血泪所成。
(吴)晴岩曰:山老《清泪痕》一书,细看皆是血泪。
含徵曰:古今恶文亦纯是血。
All literary masterpieces of the ancients and moderns were written with blood and tears.Ching-ai: Even this book of enjoyment of life shows tears. Looked at more closely, sometimes they are tears of blood.Hanchen: Bad literature is probably written all with blood and no tears. (All sex and violence.)读书与文学——之二文章是案头山水,山水是地上之文章。
圣许曰:文章必明秀方可作案头山水,山水必曲折乃可名地上之文章。
Literature is landscape on the desk; landscape is literature on the earth.Shengshu: One necessary qualification for each. Writing must have sinuous grace before it can be compared with landscape, and a landscape must have pleasant turns and surprises before it can be compared with writing.读书与文学——之三善读书者无之而非书,山水亦书也,棋酒亦书也,花月亦书也。
善游山水者无之而非山水,书史亦山水也,诗酒亦山水也,花月亦山水也。
隺山曰:此方是真善读书人,善游山水人。
含徵曰:五更卧被时,有无数山水书籍,在眼前胸中。
1买了一套林语堂翻译作品集,大部分是古文,贴出来与大家分享。
同时在白云黄鹤BBS外语角和旺旺英语论坛连载。
《林语堂中英对照丛书》系列由百花文艺出版社出版。
悔庵曰:山耶水耶书耶,一而二,二而三,三而一者也。
A good reader regards many things as books to read wherever he goes; a good landscape, chess and wine, and flowers and the moon are all books to be read. A good traveler also sees a landscape [a picture] in everything: in history, in poems and wining parties, and in flowers and the moon. Hoshan: This well describes the secret of a good reader and good traveler.Hanchen: Lying in bed at night, one can conjure up any number of beautiful scenes from real life and literature.Huei-an: Books, hills, and water---they are all one and the same thing.读书与文学——之四读书最乐,若读史书则喜少怒多,究之,怒处亦乐处也。
竹坡曰:读到喜怒俱忘,是大乐境。
Generally, reading is a pleasure. But reading history, more often than not, grips one with sadness or anger. But even that feeling of sadness or anger is a luxury.Chupo: The best is when you forget yourself entirely, and are even unaware that you are happy or maddened.读书与文学——之五读经宜冬,其神专也;读史宜夏,其时久也;读诸子宜秋,其致别也;读诸集宜春,其机畅也。
(庞)笔奴曰:读《幽梦影》,则春夏秋冬无时不宜。
Winter is good for reading the classics, for one’s mind is more collected. Summer is good for reading history, for one has plenty of time. The autumn is good for reading the ancient philosophers, because of the great diversity of thought and ideas. Finally, spring is suitable for reading literary works, for in spring one’s spirit expands.Pinu: This Quiet Dream Shadows is good for reading for all seasons.读书与文学——之六经传宜独坐读,史鉴宜与友共读。
(王)景州曰:如无好友,即红友亦可。
The classics should be read by oneself while alone (for reflection). History should be read together with friends (for discussion of opinions).Chingchou: Female friends will do also.读书与文学——之七少年读书如隙中窥月,中年读书如庭中望月,老年读书如台上玩月,皆以阅历之浅深为所得之浅深耳。
竹坡曰:吾叔此论直置身广寒宫里,下视大千世界皆清光似水矣。
右万曰:吾以为学道亦有深浅之别。
The benefit of reading varies directly with one’s experience in life. It is like looking at the moon.A young reader may be compared to one seeing the moon through a single crack, a middle-aged reader seems to see it from an enclosed courtyard, and an old man seems to see it from an open terrace, with a complete view of the entire world.Chupo: My uncle’s reflections upon life seem to be made from the crystal palace in the moon itself, looking down upon this world of human life as one sees to the bottom of a clear lake. Yuwan: In my opinion, there is the same difference in one’s understanding or religion.读书与文学——之八不独诵其诗读其书是尚友古人,即观其字画亦是尚友古人处。
It is not only through reading their poems and books that we make friends with ancient authors; we do so also when looking at their calligraphy and painting.读书与文学——之九著得一部新书便是千秋大业,注得一部古书允为万世宏功。
交三曰:世间难事,注书第一,大要于极寻常处,要看出作者苦心。
竹坡曰:注书无难,天使人得安居无累,有可以注书之时与地为难耳。
Next to the author of a good book is the man who makes a good commentary on it. Chiaoshan: Writing commentaries is not an easy task. One has to bring out the author’s meaning and implications even in his most common remarks.Chupo: I do not think it is difficult. All one needs is the proper time and leisure to do it, plus peace of mind.读书与文学——之十廷名师讯子弟,入名山习举业,丐名士代捉刀,三者都无是处。
康畴曰:大抵名而已矣,好歹原未必着意。
日戒曰:况今日之所谓名乎。
To ask a famous scholar to be tutor for young children, to study for examinations at a mountain retreat, and to ask a famous writer to be the ghost for your compositions---these things are utterly wrong.Kangchou: All this is probably done to gain fame. No thought is given to whether it is the right thing to do.Jihchieh: And just consider what passes for fame nowadays.读书与文学——之十一大家之文,吾爱之慕之,吾愿学之;名家之文,吾爱之慕之,吾不敢学之。
学大家而不得,所谓刻鹄不成尚类鹜也;学名家而不得,则是画虎不成反类犬矣。
(黄)旧樵曰:我则异于是,最恶世之貌为大家者。
日戒曰:彼不曾闯其藩篱,乌能窥其阃奥,只说得隔壁话耳。