英语国家社会与文化入门PPTunit

《英语国家社会与文化入门》 (上册）
The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries
An Introduction (Book One)
Ireland Unit 14 Irish Culture: Language, Literature and
the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland.
Irish is the "national language" according to the Constitution, but English is the dominant language. In the 2006 census, 39% of the popБайду номын сангаасlation regarded themselves as competent in Irish.
• A sign for the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure in Northern Ireland, in English, Irish, and Ulster Scots.
II. The Irish Literature
• As a “talk” culture, Ireland has a reputation for being a culture that has produced many writers.
• Traffic sign, meaning "Give Way" or "Yield", in County Waterford
TG4 is a public service broadcaster for Irishlanguage speakers.

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联邦权力机构 federal executive agency
行政机关：即总统，总统提名和参议院批准的内阁官员及 其下属，负责行使基于联邦法律的治理权；
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联邦权力机构 federal executive agency
即最高法院(the Supreme Judicial Court ( SJC )和下 级的联邦法院， 法官由总统提名 并经参议院批准； 拥有释法权和推 翻违宪的法律的 权力。
Some considered it an honor to be sacrificed
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Incas 印加文化（秘鲁地区）
Largest empire in Pre-Columbian era
Incan Empire broken in civil war and destroyed by Spanish
Nicknames for the flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and The StarSpangled Banner
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National anthem:
The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗 永不落》
Nev?ada ?
Massachusetts Connecticut
Ma?ine
?
?
Illinois
?
?
New York
Penn?sylvania
California
Texas
?
Ge?orgia ?
Florida
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• The major differences in the perspectives of Australians are, to some extent, represented by the major political parties. Over the past 100 years government in Australia, in the main, has been represented by either the Labour Party or the Coalition. The Coalition represents the combined perspectives and interests of both the Liberal and the National parties.
Australian major பைடு நூலகம்olitical parties
II. The Formation of the Australian
Political System
• Australia has what has been called a ‘Washminster’ form of polity. It is a mixture of the US, Washington system of government and the British, Westminster system: the political structure is based on a Federation of States and has a three-tier system of government but the chief executive is a Prime Minister not a President.

c. Many names of places, plants and birds are Māori, and many other Māori words have enriched New Zealand English.
Māoritanga
-the iwi: a Māori tribe, the main social organization in Māori society;
Left: Auckland, the largest city of New Zealand; Right: Wellington’s Beehive, the national symbol of executive power
• Climate and Wildlife
-the southern temperate latitudes midway between the Equator and the South Pole; -maritime climate; -seasons opposite to the Northern Hemisphere; - isolated from the rest of the world for 80 million years, New Zealand developed unique flora and fauna. -80% of the trees, ferns and flowering plants are endemic (found only in New Zealand); -6.2 million hectares of native forest
I. Land and Environment
• Georgraphy: “Aotearoa”--“Land of the long white cloud”

Political Parties and Elections
The courseware provides an overview of the major political parties, election processes, and the role of citizens in the political system.
American history
Summary
The courseware provides an overview of American history, starting from the early settlement of the country to the present day. It covers key events, people, and themes that have shaped the development of American society.
The American education system
Summary: This section of the courseware provides an overview of the American education system, including its structure, financing, and key educational policies.
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Canadian Society and Culture
Canadian history
• Summary: The courseware provides an overview of the historical development of Canada, including the country's early settlement, the French and British colonial periods, and the establishment of the Dominion of Canada.

第十一页，编辑于星期六：二十一点 三十七分。
The Lost Generation F.Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway (also won the Nobel Prize):
The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls. William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury(1929), As I Lay Dying(1930), Light in August(1932), and Absalom, Absalom!(1936). He used the stream of consciousness, multiple points of view, symbolism and imagery. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950.
第六页，编辑于星期六：二十一点 三十七分。
Regionalism(地方主义)
William Dean Howells: Atlantic magazine
Mark Twain (real name Samuel Clemens)
The Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’
Walt Whitman: Leave of Grass is
egotism (one main poem is called “Song of Myself”).
第五页，编辑于星期六：二十一点 三十七分。
Reform and Liberation
Frederick Douglass Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin

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IV. Race
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Unit 5
The UK Economy
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Key points
▪ I. Events in History 1. Dominant in the 1880s 2. Overtaken in 1900 3. Decline since 1945 4. Privatization in the 1980s ▪ II. The current UK economy 1. Primary industry 2. Secondary industry 3. Tertiary industry
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II. The policital Parties
▪ 1. The Labour Party
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II. The policital Parties
▪ 1. The Labour Party
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II. The policital Parties
▪ 2. The Conservative Party
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I. General elections
7
I. General elections
▪ 4. what happens in an election
8
I. General elections
▪ 4. what happens in an election
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I. General elections
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II. The current UK economy
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II. The current UK economy
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้39
II. The current UK economy

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4
宪法U.S. federal constitution
美国是现存历史最悠久的立宪 共和国，1789年正式生效的 《宪法》是世界上最早并仍在 运作的成文宪法。
美国宪法以及权利法案等一系 列修正案致力维护公民自由： 包括言论、宗教信仰和出版自 由；接受公正审判的权利；拥 有和携带武器的权利；选举权、 被选举权和财产权。虽然美国 珍视并追求以人权为核心的价 值观，但在具体实践中也有争 议：直到1964年《民权法案》 才立法禁止种族歧视。
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The Star-Spangled Banner
啊！在晨曦初现时，你可看见是什么让我们如此骄傲？ 在黎明的最后一道曙光中欢呼， 是谁的旗帜在激战中始终高扬！ 烈火熊熊，炮声隆隆， 我们看到要塞上那面英勇的旗帜在黑暗过后依然耸立！ 啊！你说那星条旗是否会静止， 在自由的土地上飘舞，在勇者的家园上飞扬？
In which state is
Nev?ada ?
Massachusetts Connecticut
Ma?ine
?
?
Illinois
?
?
New York
Penn?sylvania
California
Texas
?
Ge?orgia ?
Florida
12
2
Your company slogan
Your company slogan
Your company slogan
The Star-Spangled Banner
歌词是一位名叫弗朗西斯·斯科特·基（Francis Scott Key）的美国律师，在1814年英美战争期间的巴 尔的摩，透过战场上的硝烟看到星条旗经过英军炮轰后 仍在要塞上空高高飘扬时感慨万分而即景写下的。歌词 写出来后，在一名法官的建议下，配上了美国作曲家约 翰·斯塔福德·史密斯（John Stafford Smith）创作 的《To Anacreon in Heaven》，并取了现在的名字， 从此流传开来。

Cant Reformation)
• Martin Luther and John Calvin • They believed that sinful men could only win
salvation by faith in Jesus Christ; • They believed that Bible was the only true guide to the
Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci
Nicolaus Copernicus
II. The Three Forces that Led to the Development of Europe and the English Permanent Settlements of Europeans in North America
Martin Luther
Church selling indulgences
III. The Four Colonial Patterns in North America:
The First Colonial Pattern-Jamestown in Virginia
The first English permanent settlement was founded in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia (Left). The above picture shows the fort of Jamestown.
Quiz
Give the English and a brief explanation for the following:
1 马丁·路德 2 哥伦布 3 清教徒 4 五月花公约 5 波士顿倾茶事件

Tennis
Cricket
• Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.
Sports: • football • “Football hooligans” • FA • tennis • Wimbledon • cricket • golf • horse racing • the Royal Ascot
Holidays and Festivals: • Christmas • Easter • Bonfire Night • the Battle of the Boyne • Orange Marches • St Patrick’s Day • Hogmanay • Burns Night • Halloween
• In the nineteenth century, cricket became a sport associated with the upper classes. It was a kind of a “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools. Cricket also became popular in places where the public school system was adapted, like in the colonies of Australia, New Zealand, India and Pakistan.
Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain

• Māoritanga
- Māori culture plays such an important part that New Zealand’s society is bicultural
- Māori language--Te Reo --is the second official language, and it is recognized in Parliament and in courts of law.
•Fauna
-25 % of New Zealand’s birds are found nowhere else on earth; -the flightless birds -the kiwi as a national icon of New Zealand and New Zealanders; -other unique fauna including the Moa (a giant flightless bird), Tautara (native reptiles), bats (New Zealand’s only native land mammals), yellow-eyed penguin, Kakapo (the world’s only flightless parrot); -diverse marine fauna in New Zealand: whales, seals, dolphins and marine birds
No Nukes
-In 1987 Labour passed the Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act. -The US Congress downgraded New Zealand’s defense status from ally to “friend.” -New Zealand remains a nuclear-free zone.

Canadian Natural Landscape and Outdoor Activities
Canada's Geography and Climate
The vast size of the country and its location between the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans
The conflict between the North and South over slavery and states' rights
American pop culture and entertainment industry
Hollywood
The center of the American film industry, known for its blockbuster movies and Oscar winning films
British Tradition and Customs
Tradition
The British have a rich tradition of folklore, including fairy tales, annual rhymes, and traditional customs that are passed down through generations These conditions often reflect the country's history and culture
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British Society and Culture
British History and Political System

Tower of London and Westminster Palace
London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London, Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, St. Margret’s Church.
England: History of Invasion and Conquest
The Celts The Romans The Anglo-Saxons (King Arthur); Anglo-land=England: form the basis of the modern English race and language The Vikings The Normans (William the Conqueror 1066, Robin Hood) William and Mary from Holland (the Glorious Revolution, or the bloodless revolution, 1688), establishing parliament’s dominance over the monarch British identity building: constitutional monarchy (only a gap of 11 years ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell); unification of 4 parts; the British Empire
The two maps show the position of the UK in the world and the four constituent parts of the UK

London held 3 Olympic games – 1908, 1948 and 2012 respectively.
• 2012 Olympics
The City of London is widely referred to simply as the City and is also colloquially known as the Square Mile, as it is 1.12 sq mi (2.90 km2) in area. It is one of the financial centres of the world.
• Since its entry into EU in 1973, the UK has developed a closer relationships with Europe.
The importance of London in the UK
• London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom, with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
• The two maps show the position of the UK in the world and the four constituent parts of the UK
At its height, the British Empire was the largest empire in history. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time. The empire covered more than 33,700,000 square km (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area.

• The UK maintains its links with its former colonies through the Commonwealth of Nations.
The European Union (EU) is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.
• The legacy of the long gone British Empire and joining of the EU have changed Britain’s position in the world.
• The four constituent parts plus post-war immigration from the former colonies have rendered the UK a multiracial society.
2 英联邦国家组织 3 亚瑟王al Points
• effects of UK’s imperial past • a multiracial society • the significant role of London • cultural and economic dominance of England • invasion from the Roman Empire • settlement of the Anglo-Saxons • Vikings from Scandinavia • William the Conqueror • physical features of Scotland • the Battle of Bannockburn • Union with England in 1707 • strong Scottish identity • Wale’s unification with the UK