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第３４卷 第５期２０２３年９月广东外语外贸大学学报ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＧｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＳｔｕｄｉｅｓＶｏｌ ３４ Ｎｏ．５Ｓｅｐ．２０２３基金项目：大连外国语大学研究生创新项目“扎迪·史密斯小说中的黑人美学忧郁症研究———以《论美》与《摇摆时光》为例”（ＹＪＳＣＸ２０２１－０４６）。
作者简介：焦子珊，上海外国语大学英语学院博士生，研究方向为当代英国文学。
扎迪·史密斯《摇摆时光》中的黑人美学忧郁症焦子珊 摘要：《摇摆时光》是英国族裔小说家扎迪·史密斯于２０１６年发表的第五部长篇小说，小说第一次从拥有棕色皮肤且通篇并未提及姓名的“我”的视角出发，通过主人公自身复杂的成长经历，逐渐透露出“我”由于黑人性的丧失而深陷黑人美学忧郁症的现状，这主要表现为对自身的非洲自然特征，尤其是棕色皮肤产生的忧郁感，以及对以音乐、舞蹈为代表的非洲传统艺术形式的排斥，“我”也因此踏上了前往非洲大陆的寻根之旅。
然而，小说中的这段旅途并没有让“我”找到归属感：当“我”选择离开英国，真正站在非洲大陆上，却只能感受到同时不被当地黑人与英国白人接受的残酷现状。
最终，回到英国黑人社区的“我”重遇了同样拥有棕色皮肤，选择融入英国白人社会却惨遭失败的好朋友特蕾西，二人共同找到杂合性的文化身份，并在此基础上实现了英国族裔群体以“棕色性”为核心的杂合性黑人美学的创建。
关键词：扎迪·史密斯；《摇摆时光》；黑人美学忧郁症；杂合性黑人美学 中图分类号：Ｉ１０６ ４ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１６７２－０９６２（２０２３）０５－０１２８－１２引 言当代英国族裔小说家扎迪·史密斯（ＺａｄｉｅＳｍｉｔｈ，１９７５－）２０１６年最新发表的长篇小说《摇摆时光》（ＳｗｉｎｇＴｉｍｅ，２０１６）是其在文学创作中的一次新尝试，小说从一个拥有棕色皮肤且通篇未提及明确姓名的女孩“我”的视角出发，以音乐和舞蹈为媒介，描绘了“我”与同样拥有棕色皮肤的朋友特蕾西在成长过程中产生的身份困惑，在英国与非洲大陆上丧失归属感后选择回到英国黑人社区实现身份扎迪·史密斯《摇摆时光》中的黑人美学忧郁症追寻的故事。
英语原版小说《非洲孩子》900字读后感（全英文版）Book report:About The African ChildName:Number:Time: the fourth semesterAfter Read The African ChildThe African Child was written by an African writer called Camara Laye, who gave me a different perspective about seEing the African children. It is really a book which is worth reading although it do not belong to the best-sellers or the newest publication. It is just a book written in a very long time ago by a not that famous writer, but youll find it fantastic or you will finally get something after read the book.Now lets see the details. The African Child is a book collected by Collins English Library, and the library graded it with level 4. The level represents a text written within a basic vocabulary of 500 words and appropriate structures, 2:1000 words, 3:2000 words, 4:3000 words, 5:5000 words. The Collins English library series are written for students of English as a second or foreign language and for reluctant native readers. The African child only contains 12 chapters, but for me, its the perfect, because I cannot read that much words in a short time by myreading speed, I know I have to do with my reading.At the beginning of the book, there is a short passage written for the writers mother to express the writers thanks towards his great mother, and also, to appreciate the women of Africa. Then comes the story. It is a true story about the author himself became a man, and finally left his hometown and family. During the reading process, I find something interesting and touching. I used to misunderstood that all the African family are living a poor and unhappy life, and the woman here has little importance in their society. Now I know that not everything is so absolute. The author tells us that some people may hold this view for many years, but Africa is huge, with many different ways of life, and in their country the woman has considerable freedom and power. In his hometown, his mother was respected and admired greatly not only for her strong mind, but also her strange powers. He really had a mother with fantastic powers just like magic. In the book, it seems just many of them have magic, his fathers black guiding snake which guided him to do the right thing, and led him to the way of success. And also, his mothers power to make animals come to life, the mystical sema or medicine man, and marabouts who have a magic power to make wishes come true or can predict future just like a wizard. In the beginning of the book, I saw that those African boys did not live a hard time. Instead, they were happy almost every day, they loved wild animals, and the wild animals like snakes never hurt them,snakes are thought to be good friends and tutor to them. In a certain time, the author would go to visit his grandmother who lived in countryside. Here everybody knew everybody else, they know almost everything about each other, and each others secrets, but they were very considerate to each other in a country manner. Here we can see that country manners do not mean rough manners, people are more polite in the country than in the town. They have more time, and the way of life is simpler in the country, but there are accepted rules. Although everyone knows everything about everyone elses lives, they are always very careful about each others personal freedom. And if their minds seem to work more slowly in the country, it is because speech is a serious matter. They always think careful before speaking. Here author spent a very happy time. He enjoyed the activity of cutting rice with adult and partners just as young as he is, he liked the sound of drum while cutting rice, and he loved to keep the birds away from their rice on the ground. He could swim in the river with others freely, and climb trees as he want even though his clothes would be torn. He was not afraid of that here, he had a grandma who would mend it without complain. She loved her grandson.But life is not happy all the time; there surely will be some hard time to spend. As the author went to school, old boys always hit the younger students, took their food and money away, but the young was too afraid to tell their fathers. Finally one day, hungry and hurt, one of the youngerstudents dared to tell all about it to his father, one of the most famous people in the town, so the problem was solved, and the younger students was lived in a happy life ever after.Time flies, here came the day of boys becoming men. They would experience the circumcision. The process is hurt, but its the price of becoming a man. All the boys behaved very bravely that they never cried out under the almost unbearable pain. They were the African children!, In the end, I want to say that although there are some strange customs in Africa, I do changed my view on the African lives. Maybe they do not as wealthy as the Europeans, but they are living a happy life too, just like the author said, Africa is huge, theres different ways of life. Now I see Africa as a place full of love, care, magic and natural life.。
经典名著英语美文阅读-茶花女：Chapter 3Chapter 3第三章All the famous names from the world of fashionable vice were there. They were being slyly observed by a number of society ladies who had again used the sale as a pretext for claiming the right to see, at close quarters, women in whose company they would not otherwise have had occasion to find themselves, and whose easy pleasures they perhaps secretly envied.十六日下午一点钟，我到昂坦街去了。
在大门口就能听到拍卖估价人的喊叫声。
房间里挤满了好奇的人。
所有花街柳巷的名媛都到场了，有几个贵妇人在偷偷打量她们。
这个次她们又能够借着参加拍卖的名义，仔细瞧瞧那些她们从来没有机会与之共同相处的女人，也许她们私下还在暗暗羡慕这些女人自由放荡的享乐生活呢。
The Duchesse de F rubbed shoulders with Mademoiselle A, one of sorriest specimens of our modern courtesans; the Marquise de T shrank from buying an item of furniture for which the bidding was led by Madame D, the most elegant and most celebrated adulteress of our age; the Duc d'Y, who is believed in Madrid to be ruining himself in Paris, and in Paris to be ruining himself in Madrid, and who, when all is said and done, cannot even spend all his income, while continuing to chat with Madame M, one of our wittiest tale-tellers, who occasionally agrees to write down what she says and to sign what she writes, was exchanging confidential glances with Madame de N, the beauty who may be regularly seen driving on the Champs-Elysees, dressed almost invariablyin pink or blue, in a carriage drawn by two large blackhorses sold to her by Tony for ten thousand francs...and paid for in full; lastly, Mademoiselle R, who by sheer talent makes twice what ladies of fashion make with their dowries, and three times as much as what the rest make out of theirlove affairs, had come in spite of the cold to make a few purchases, and it was not she who attracted the fewest eyes.F公爵夫人的胳膊撞上了A小姐；A小姐是当今妓女圈子里一位典型的薄命红颜；T侯爵夫人正在犹豫要不要把D夫人一个劲儿在抬价的那件家具买下来；D夫人是当代最风流最有名的荡妇。
告别曼德拉Nelson Mandela, who rose from militant antiapartheid activist to become the unifying president of a democratic South Africa and a global symbol of racial reconciliation, died at his Johannesburg home following a lengthy stay at a Pretoria hospital, President Jacob Zuma said Thursday. He was 95.南非总统祖马(Jacob Zuma)周四宣布，纳尔逊曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)在位于约翰内斯堡的家中去世，享年95岁。
曼德拉曾是积极投身反种族隔离制度的活动人士，后来成为在实现了民主的南非使各方团结在一起的总统。
同时他也是全球种族和解的一个象征。
曼德拉去世前在比勒陀利亚的一家医院长期住院治疗。
'He passed on peacefully,' Mr. Zuma said in a state television address. 'This is a moment of our deepest sorrow. Our nation has lost its greatest son.' 祖马在国有电视台发表讲话说，他平静地走了，此时此刻我们悲痛万分。
我们的国家失去了它最伟大的儿子。
Mr. Mandela spent nearly three months in the hospital through September, initially to treat a lung infection. It was the latest in a series of increasingly severe ailments South Africa's first black president had battled since contracting tuberculosis during his nearly three decades in prison for opposing the former white-minority regime.在截至9月份的近三个月中，曼德拉一直在住院治疗，最初是因为肺部感染。
第一单元：梦想的阴暗之面艾力克斯? 哈利许多人怀有美好的愿望，期望能成为作家，但是能够梦想成真的人不多。
艾力克斯? 哈利也想成为作家，可是他成功了。
阅读下面这篇文章，看一看他成功的原因。
许多青年人对我说，他们想成为作家。
我一直鼓励这样的人，但是我也向他们解释“成为作家”和写作之间存在着巨大的差别。
多数情况下这些年轻人梦寐以求的是财富与名誉，从未想到要孤身一人长久地坐在打字机旁。
“你们渴望的应该是写作，”我对他们说，“而不应该是当作家。
”事实上，写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作。
有一个被命运之神垂青的作家，就有成千上万个永远无法实现梦想的人。
即使那些成功人士也经常受到长久的冷落，穷困不堪。
我便是其中之一。
我放弃了在海岸警卫队做了二十年的工作，为的是成为一名自由撰稿人，这时，我根本没有前途可言。
我所拥有的只是一位住在纽约市的朋友，乔治? 西姆斯，他和我是在田纳西州的赫宁一起长大的。
乔治为我找了个家，位于格林威治村公寓大楼中的一间腾空的储藏室，而他是那幢大楼的管理员。
房子里冷嗖嗖的，没有卫生间，不过这没什么。
我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己颇象一位名符其实的作家。
然而，大约一年后，我的写作生涯依然没有任何起色，我开始怀疑自己。
卖出一篇小说是如此艰难，以至我几乎填不饱肚子。
但是，我清楚的是我想写作，我已梦寐以求了许多年。
我并不准备成为一名到死时还在想假如的人。
我会坚持把我的梦想付诸实践--即使这梦想意味着不稳定的生活和对失败的恐惧。
这是希望的阴暗面，任何心存梦想的人都必须学会在这阴暗面下生存。
后来有一天，我接到了一个电话，由此改变了我的一生。
这并不是一位代理人或编辑打来电话，主动要求与我签大的稿约。
恰恰相反--是一声鸣笛，诱使我放弃梦想。
打电话来的是海岸警卫队的老熟人，现在在旧金山。
他曾经借给我几美元，喜欢催我还给他。
“我什么时候才能拿到那十五美元，艾力克斯？”他逗我说。
“等我下一次卖出作品吧。
世界非裔文学的整体研究：罗良功教授访谈录作者：张琴罗良功来源：《外国语文研究》2020年第03期内容摘要：本文是华中师范大学外国文学与比较文学青年学术创新团队于2019年5月举行的首期论坛上的访谈实录。
罗良功教授是非裔文学研究专家、族裔文学国际学术年会的召集人，张琴副教授在论坛上对罗良功教授进行了访谈。
罗教授在访谈中阐述了世界非裔文学的定义与研究领域，介绍了国别区域非裔文学发展和研究的现状。
他认为，世界非裔文学将非洲本土之外的非裔文学视为整体加以学术观照，既是世界非裔文学发展的必然，也是当前非裔文学研究、非洲研究和国际关系研究的必然，世界非裔文学研究应该运用跨学科方法，注重国别区域与跨国文学社区结合、学术研究与数据库建设相结合、基础研究与咨政服务相结合。
关键词：世界非裔文学;整体研究;跨国文学社区;罗良功基金项目：本文是华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目（项目编号：CCNU19TD016）和2017年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“当代美国华裔女性文学的空间诗学”（项目编号： 17YJC752041）的階段性成果。
作者简介：张琴，华中师范大学外国语学院副教授，主要研究美国族裔文学。
罗良功，文学博士，华中师范大学外国语学院教授、博士生导师，主要研究英语诗歌、族裔文学、文学翻译等。
Title： A Holistic Approach to the Studies of the Literature of African Diaspora： An Interview with Professor Luo LianggongAbstract： This interview took place at the first academic forum of the Youth Academic Innovation Team for Foreign Literature and Comparative Literature of Central China Normal University in early May， 2019. Professor Luo Lianggong， a scholar in the field of literature of African diaspora and the convenor of the annual international symposiums on ethnic literature， was interviewed by Professor Zhang Qin. In the interview， Professor Luo illustrated the meaning and scope of the research on the literature of African diaspora， outlined the status quo of African diasporic literature of different countries and its research. In his opinion， it is of great necessity to study African diasporic literature as a whole， which is not only due to its own development but also due to the development of the scholarship in the academic fields of African diasporic literature，Africa， and international relations. He proposes a holistic approach to the literature of African diaspora by means of interdisciplinary methodology and the integrations of both African diasporicliterature of different countries and of transnational literary communities， both academic research and databases construction， and both fundamental studies and consultation service for policy-making.Key words： literature of African Diaspora; holistic approach; transnational literary community; Luo LianggongAuthors： Zhang Qin is associate professor of English at Central China Normal University （Wuhan 430079， China）. Her academic field is American ethnic literature. E-mail：*******************.LuoLianggongisprofessorofEnglishatCentralChinaNormalUniversity （Wuhan 430079， China）， whose recent academic research is mainly on ethnic literature，English poetry and literary translation. E-mail：*****************张琴（以下简称张）：非常荣幸成为“华大外国文学论坛”的首期采访人。
The Bluest Eye(Excerpts)by Toni MorrisonGuide to ReadingWhen we discuss contemporary American literature, it is impossible not to mention the name and works of Toni Morrison. A Nobel Prize winner for literature, she has written up to now seven novels, making significant contributions to the depiction of African American experience. Unlike some African American writers who expose white racism against the blacks in a direct way, Morrison’s exploration tends to be introverted1, focusing on the relationships within the black community. Her novels often reveal how the dominant white culture has deprived the black people of their own cultural values and the destructive impact this cultural mutilation2has brought about among the black people. Although most of her novels are apparently set in her home town in Ohio, they not only depict the black experience in that region, but tell about shared human conditions with universal themes of love, death,1个性内向的：人的特征为兴趣或是盘据脑海的只有自己或是自己的想法；害羞或是排斥; 含蓄的; 内倾的；不爱交际的; introvert vt.使(思想)内向; 使内省extroverted外倾的：对其他的人或环境如与自身相反的或之外的事物感兴趣的；喜群居的或外出的：2毁损；残缺；切断; mutilate毁伤；使残废Her arm was mutilated in the accident.她的胳膊在车祸中受了重伤。
第十一讲二十世纪非洲文学史非洲地理位置：近年来，非洲文学发展颇为迅速，已经成为世界文学中一支不可忽视的力量。
非洲位于亚欧大陆的西南面，东濒印度洋，西临大西洋，北隔地中海与欧洲相望，东北以红海和苏伊士运河与亚洲分界，面积仅次于亚洲，为世界第二大洲。
撒哈拉沙漠以北的非洲称为北非，主要居民是阿拉伯人，又称阿语非洲；黑非洲是指撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲，大致分为东非、西非和南部非非等三个区域，主要居民是尼格罗人（黑人），所以被称为黑非洲。
按语言和分布地带来划分，当地尼格罗人又可分为苏丹语系尼格罗人和班图语系尼格罗人；苏丹语系黑人分布在撒哈拉沙漠和赤道之间，班图语系黑人分布在赤道以南。
2、非洲文学特点：非洲大多数国家的书面文学产生较晚，约在19世纪末和20世纪初。
但是，近一个世纪以来，随着非洲社会状况的巨大变化，随着各族人民的觉醒和殖民主义制度的瓦解，非洲各国文学取得了突飞猛进的进展。
既有共同特征，又有明显差异。
非洲各国文学的共同特征主要是发展的迅速性和跳跃性，即努力克服自己的落后状态，充分利用当代世界文学的成果和经验，争取尽快达到世界先进水平。
它们的明显差异是首先由于殖民主义国家所执行的文化政策不同：法国和葡萄牙在殖民地国家执行同化政策，即拼命压制当地民族的语言和文学，极力扶植法语和葡语的文学；英国和比利时则执行使殖民地国家的语言和文学为自己服务的融合政策，一方面推动欧洲语言文学的发展，另一面善待非洲各国土著语言文学，甚至在一定程度上鼓励非洲语言文学的传播。
3、非洲文学分期：大致以第二次世界大战为界划为二战前、二战后两个时期。
二战前又可细分为两个阶段：19世纪末至20世纪初帝国主义奴役非洲的殖民初期阶段、20世纪20至40年代中期非洲殖民制度相对稳定的阶段。
二战后也可细分为两个阶段：20世纪60年代初期以前非洲民族独立运动的蓬勃发展阶段、60年代初期以后非洲多数国家的独立自主阶段。
因此，本课将非洲文学分为以下四个部分来讲述：西非文学、东非文学、南部非州文学、北非文学。
第19章黑非洲地区文学第十九章黑非洲地区文学2目录第一节概述第二节尼日利亚文学与阿契贝、索因卡第一节概述 20世纪非洲文学丰富多彩，既有对长期流传的口头文学的书面整理，也有作家文人各种文类的创作；既有殖民宗主国语言（英、法、葡等语言）的创作，也有本土语言（阿拉伯语、斯瓦希里语、索马里语、奔巴语、绍纳语、豪萨语等语言）的创作。
从地域上讲，20世纪非洲文学大致可分为两大部分：撒哈拉沙漠以南的黑非洲文学和撒哈拉沙漠以北的阿拉伯文学。
黑非洲包括东非、西非、赤道非洲和非洲南部的国家和地区。
黑非洲文学已成为世界文学的重要组成部分。
20世纪初，非洲已全部成为欧洲列强的殖民地，成为帝国主义资本输出的场所，原有的文化、经济形式和社会秩序遭到严重破坏。
面对列强的殖民入侵，在20世纪初非洲人民就展开了捍卫土地、反抗压迫剥削和维护民族原有信仰的斗争。
1912年“非洲人国民大会”的成立，标志着非洲民族意识开始觉醒。
由美国黑人领袖杜波伊斯倡导的“泛非主义”发展成非洲民族独立和反对种族歧视的政治思潮。
1919-1945年５次召开泛非代表大会，其间涌现出马库斯·加维、夸梅·恩克鲁玛、乔莫·肯雅塔和彼得·亚伯拉罕等民族独立运动的著名领袖。
第二次世界大战后，非洲的民族独立运动风起云涌，独立、自由的呼声响彻非洲大陆，五六十年代非洲国家纷纷摆脱殖民统治，获得政治上的独立。
但由于长期的殖民统治和掠夺，后殖民时期的非洲经济结构畸形，生产力水平低，至今是最为落后贫困的大陆；殖民统治带来的文化冲突和遗留的社会问题，致使非洲长期动荡不安。
1960年被称为“非洲独立年”，到60年代末，非洲绝大多数国家和地区独立，宣告了世界殖民体系瓦解。
一、20世纪最初的20年这一阶段的黑非洲文学有两点很突出：一是对长期在民间口口相传的民间文学的收集整理；黑非洲有着古老而丰富的口头文学传统，包括神话传说、民间故事、叙事诗歌（史诗）、格言谚语、动物寓言等。
