中石化职称英语考试试卷(中级)

试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed.A. matterB. thingsC. materialD. substance2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers.A. negativeB. positiveC. activeD. passive3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeuticagents.A. translatedB. transportedC. transformedD. transmitted4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area.A. numerousB. abundantC. plentyD. substantive5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.A. live onB. live inC. live throughD. live up to6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. accountB. allowC. applyD. arrange7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalf8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom.A. obtainB. earnC. developD. benefit9. I raced to_______ Jill.A. keep onB. keep up withC. come up withD. come up to10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______.A. decisiveB. decisionsC. decideD. decided11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying."A. simpleB. simplyC. similarD. simplify12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.A. ContinuouslyB. ConsequentlyC. ConstantlyD. Consistently13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.A. interpretationB. representationC. illustrationD. draw14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarceD. scare15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels.A. retreatedB. refreshedC. recoveredD. reminded16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this."A. feelB. failC. defeatD. lost18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy.A. went intoB. went aroundC. went byD. went on19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores.A. exportB. bargainC. retailD. trade20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet.A. preferableB. readyC. availableD. considerableII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. since22. --Are you going to the football game?--No, the tickets are _______ for me.A. terrible expensiveB. so much expensiveC. far too expensiveD. highly expensive23. The residents, __ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of whose homesB. all of their homesC. all their homesD. all that homes24. In some countries _______ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one25. Gorillas are quiet animals, _______ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. even thoughD. because of26. _______ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because27. Henry and Tom __ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday.A. used to goB. were used to goC. are used to goD. use to go28. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer __ the scene.A. has surveyedB. surveysC. was surveyingD. is surveying29. _______ WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime.A. UseB. UsingC. Being usedD. Used30. The news _______ heard everywhere.A. hadB. have beenC. wasD. are going to be31. You __ yourself about money.A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. needn't be worried32. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom33. _______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.A. GivingB. Giving thatC. Given thatD. To give that34. It seems oil _______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking35. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas __ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have been challengedC. may be challengedD. are challenging37. She apologized for __ the meeting.A. her being able not to attendB. her being not able to attendC. not her being able to attendD. her not being able to attend38. I wish to have a word with you, _______ ?A. must IB. wouldn't IC. may ID. shouldn't I39. __ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leaveC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left40. I wish I __ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have sleptIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have some senseof hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.41. According to the article practically all animals have some sense ofA. directionB. hearingC. vibrationD. both B and C42. The cochlea is foundA. in fishB. only in humansC. in all animalsD. in all mammals43. Scientists knowA. that all animals have a cochleaB. very little about hearing in animalsC. that mosquitoes cannot hear soundsD. that hearing is produced by air pressure in mammals.44. The article is mostly about __A. how sound is producedB. learning by observingC. the workings of the inner earD. outer ear formation in various animals45. According to Mr. Daniel’s e-mail, what is he concerned about?A. Living expensesB. His salaryC. Commuting to workD. His vacation days46. What does Ms. Answers suggest Mr. Daniels do?A. Establish a budgetB. Speak with his bossC. Look at train faresD. Consult a guide book47. In Ms. Answers' e-mail, the word "track" in paragraph 3, line 4, is closest in meaning toA. footstepB. coverC. recordD. roadway48. What does Ms. Answers say about the subway?A. It is new.B. It is dirty.C. It is inefficient.D. It is inexpensive.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Ostrum GE, the second largest power company in the Nordic countries,officially opened its first Hydrogen Energy Station (HES), with technology products provided by Gredler Energy Systems Corporation. The new station will supply clean hydrogen fuel to three fuel cell buses as part of the prestigious Green Europe Advanced Transport (GREAT) program. Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩) is one of four GREAT cities that will be using Gredler Energy hydrogen infrastructure products.Mr. Peter Russell, Chief Operating Officer of Gredler Energy, was in Stockholm for the station opening and commented, "The opening of this station represents the first step in the introduction of a hydrogen infrastructure in the City of Stockholm. Ostrum and the City of Stockholm have taken an essential step towards creating a pathway to environmentally sustainable urban transportation solutions and we aredelighted to be part of this important movement."The Stockholm HES is comprised of four modules: pressurized waterelectrolysis-based hydrogen generation, compression, high-pressure storage and hydrogen fuel dispenser. The station is capable of producing approximately 120kg per day of high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen using Gredler Energy's proprietary technology. Each fuel cell bus carries approximately 40kg of hydrogen at 350bar (5,000psi).Gredler Energy Systems Corporation is the world leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen solutions, all using the company's proprietary hydrogen generation water electrolysis technology along with products from corporate partners.49. Who will be in charge of the new hydrogen energy station7A. Oredler Energy SystemsB. Ostrum GEC. The GREAT ProgramD. The City of Stockholm50. How much hydrogen will the new station produce each day?A. 40kgB. 120kgC. 350barD. 5,000psi51. The word "sustainable" in paragraph 2, line 5 is closest in meaning toA. livableB. deliverableC. maintainableD. combustible52. What is true about the GREAT program?A. It operates in four countries.B. It is operated by the Gredler Corporation.C. It promotes the use of non-polluting fuels.D. It studies the effects of hydrogen on the atmosphere.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communication technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Twenty years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 2003, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent ofBurson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN. Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcast. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.53. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ofA. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB. increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesD. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.54. The word "provincial" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means __A. limited in outlookB. like people from the provincesC. rigid in thinkingD. interested in world financial affairs55. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industryA. speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB. are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsC. are ignorant about world geographyD. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications56. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?A. American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.B. The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign language.D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign"Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906. But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 persons lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In China in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so feared.What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's 40-mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquakes. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When this break occurs, or when the sides of an old break slip, the earth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position.Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only a little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as that which occurred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years.57. The Yellowstone earthquake wasA. one of the more severeB. not severeC. the worst in U.S. historyD. a very small one58. The San Francisco quake was worse than the one in Yellowstone becauseA. it lasted longerB. it struck where so many people livedC. there were mountains at YellowstoneD. there was a river at Yellowstone59. The earth's crust is made ofA. sandB. mountainsC. many layer of rockD. lava60. Some times aftershocks follow an earthquake for as long asA. daysB. monthsC. yearsD. centuriesSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped 61 sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is buried under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these landfills, toxic (有毒的) substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are 62 or dangerous to the environment. They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive,or radioactive (放射性的). They can pollute the air or 63 fires or explosions. These wastes can also cause 64 problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is important to dispose 65 hazardous wastes in secured landfills where they cannot leak. A secured landfill is located on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to 66 the hazardous wastes in the pit.One kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, involves a special disposal problem. Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants 67 use radioactive materials. Radioactive materials 68 off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm 69 tissues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can remain hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without leakage for at least 70 amount of time.61. A. by B. with C. of D. into62. A. destructive B. smelly C. poisonous D. healthy63. A. make B. lead C. cause D. take64. A. lung B. living C. health D. water65. A. of B. by C. to D. with66. A. help B. remain C. keep D. guard67. A. those B. who C. that D. what68. A. come B. give C. take D. put69. A. living B. live C. lively D. alive70. A. an B. one C. that D. theseIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against thesemental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Take for example your job. In a major study, Smith and his colleagues surveyed sales representatives at a big life insurance corporation in New York. They found that the optimists among newly-hired representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the pessimists.How did they do it? The secret to an optimist's success, according to Smith, is in his "explanatory style". When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself while the optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even his friends. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what you're likely to get.B级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence' suggests, is what you're likely to get.。

中石化中级职称英语考试题库中级职称英语考试是中石化员工进行职业晋升的必要条件，考试内容主要涉及英语听力、阅读、写作等方面。

以下是中级职称英语考试题库及参考内容，供大家参考。

一、听力听力部分主要测试考生的听力理解能力，包括听取对话、短文等的主旨、细节等方面内容，以下是中级职称英语考试题库及参考内容。

1. 听对话例题：What does the woman mean?A. She doesn't want to go first.B. She wants to go first.C. She doesn't want to play anymore.答案：A参考内容：该题是典型的听取对话题型，要求考生听懂两个人之间的对话，判断女士的具体意思。

需要考生注意听取关键词汇和语气变化，熟悉常用口语表达方式，如"don't mind"、"would rather"、"preference"等。

2. 听短文例题：What did the speaker suggest doing for better sleep?A. Drinking coffee before bedtime.B. Exercising before bedtime.C. Taking a warm bath before bedtime.答案：C参考内容：该题是典型的听取短文题型，要求考生听懂短文的主旨，判断说话人在短文中建议的方法。

需要考生注意听取关键词汇和语音语调变化，理解英语的语音节奏和重音规律，熟悉常见的短语和习惯用语，如"warm bath"、"sleep tight"等。

二、阅读阅读部分主要测试考生的阅读理解能力，包括短文、文章等的主旨、细节等方面内容，以下是中级职称英语考试题库及参考内容。

1. 完型填空例题：Last year I decided to learn fencing. I started taking lessons every week. At first, the other fencers were all much better than me. I felt 1)______. I wasn't quick enough, and I couldn't aim my sword properly. But I kept practicing and learning, and after a few weeks, I started to improve. Now, after a year of fencing, I can beat some of the fencers that used to beat me.A. disappointedB. nervousC. angry答案：A参考内容：该题是典型的完型填空题型，要求考生在给出的文章空格中填写正确的单词，根据文章意思推测出空格中应该填写哪一种形容词。

中级职称英语考卷子子〔120分钟内完成〕一、阅读理解〔单项选择题，每题2分，共30分〕短文1〔10分〕It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and, or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect 〞—holding in heat reflected from earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston and New Orleans will be under water.Another view is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature —a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen. Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution________.A. caused widespread damage in the countrysideB.affected the entire eastern half of the United StatesC.had damaging effects on healthD.existed merely in urban and industrial areas2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author________.A. shares the same view with the scientistsB. is uncertain of its occurrenceC. rejects it as being ungroundedA.thinks that it will destroy the world soon3. The word “offset〞in the second paragraph could best be replaced by________.A. slip intoB. make up forC. set upD. catch up with4. It can be inferred from the passage that________.A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earthB.lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would leadmany major farming areas to disasterC.almost no temperature variations have occurred over the pastdecadeD.the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come5. This passage is primarily concerned with________.A.the greenhouse effectB.the burning of fossil fuelsC.the potential effect of air pollutionD.the likelihood of a new ice age短文2〔10分〕短文3〔10分〕二、英译汉〔将以下短文译成汉语，共40分〕短文1〔20分〕〔500-600字符〕Evolving your business is not just about IT. Change cannot happen without the people in an organization embracing a new mindset. For a company to respond rapidly to, say, a rival’s change of direction, quickly deploying software to offer customers something similar is the aim. However, business experts say that the IT tools are useless without the backing of the people in the organization, particularly managers.Resistance to change, territorial behavior and a rigid business structure can all stand in the way. “Manager procrastination has led tomissed opportunities. The line manager must act fast. Agility is about improving the cycle time for managerial action.〞Says Pahalad, a business dynamics expert at the University of Michigan.短文2〔20分〕〔500-600字符〕三、汉译英〔将以下句子译成英语，共30分〕共6个题，4个单句，2个从句，每题5分例句：单句：这项研究进展非常顺利。

沥青混凝土摊铺松铺系数1. 什么是松铺系数好吧，咱们先从“松铺系数”说起。

这可不是啥高深的学问，而是咱们在摊铺沥青混凝土时得考虑的重要因素。

简单来说，松铺系数就是在摊铺过程中，咱们会让沥青混凝土铺得“松松垮垮”的程度，明白了吗？哎，别小看这个小小的系数，它可是跟咱们路面的平整度、耐久性，甚至行车的舒适度密切相关。

你想想，如果路面不平坦，车一颠一颠的，那开车的感觉就像在坐过山车，真是让人哭笑不得呀。

2. 为什么要关注松铺系数2.1 路面质量那么，为什么咱们要特别关注这个松铺系数呢？首先，它直接关系到路面的质量。

一个好的路面，不光得平整，还得有一定的承载能力。

这时候，松铺系数就显得格外重要。

如果铺得太松，路面就容易出现裂缝，甚至会掉渣，简直跟过期的牛奶一样，让人心疼。

2.2 施工效率其次，松铺系数还影响施工效率。

你想啊，工程师们辛辛苦苦摊铺的沥青，如果松铺系数不合适，可能还得重新来过，浪费时间和钱，那真是“打水漂”呀。

咱们常说“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，施工的时候可不能马虎。

3. 松铺系数的计算3.1 实际操作说到这里，咱们得聊聊如何计算这个松铺系数了。

别担心，这里没有复杂的数学公式，主要是根据实际操作来判断。

通常情况下，松铺系数的标准值在1.0到1.3之间，具体的数值还得根据不同的材料和环境来调整。

这就像做饭，放盐也得看口味，太多太少都不行。

3.2 经验积累当然，计算松铺系数可不仅仅是靠公式，更多的还是经验积累。

就像老一辈的厨师，都是用手去感受食材的状态，时间久了，自然能做出一手好菜。

同样，施工人员在长期的工作中，也会对松铺系数有更直观的把握，做到心中有数。

4. 影响松铺系数的因素4.1 温度接下来，咱们得聊聊什么会影响这个松铺系数。

首先，温度是个大问题。

沥青混凝土在高温下会变得比较稀，松铺系数也会相应提高；而在低温下，它就比较稠，松铺系数则降低。

说白了，天气就像个调皮的小孩，时不时就来捣乱。

4.2 材料再者，使用的材料也是个关键。

I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big eno ugh to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come upwith a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan ofthe planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。

2023年中石油职称英语考试真题及参照答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参照答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷旳；严酷旳；严厉旳；恶劣旳unconscious adj.无知觉旳；昏迷旳；不省人事旳；无意识旳thrive v.繁华；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣旳；十分严重旳；严厉旳；苛刻旳prudent adj.谨慎旳；谨慎旳；精明旳2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参照答案】B【出处】2023版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。

【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪旳东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露旳；惯于掩藏自己旳；有城府旳feelawkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to breakoff the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD.discontinue 【参照答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。

中国石化集团公司专业技术人员外语水平考试英语（120分钟内完成）第一部分客观题（50分钟）一、词汇与用法（根据文意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，共10分）1.I am looking _____ to seeing you in Beijing this May!A.upB. forwardC. towardD. down2. — John, is this your first time in China?— No, it’s my _____A. twoB. twiceC. threeD. third3. You should keep the meat in the fridge, ____it will go bad.A. soB. orC. andD. but4. — We’re going to Tianjin over the weekend. Why don't you join us?— ____, but I'm having a friend over.A. You're rightB. I don’t careC. I don't mindD. I'd love to5. The Smith family ______ all their fruit and vegetables, which saves money.A.plantB. produceC. growD. raise6. Tell Susan she should ______ worrying and get some rest.A.startB. stopC. sickD. stay7. The following day he found the old man lying in bed, ______.A. deadB. was deadC. dieD. has died8. Helen looked at the baby _____ love in her eyes.A. onB. inC. withD. at9. — My sister sent me a wonderful gift from Argentina.— Oh, is that so? ________________?A. Where is it fromB. What's it likeC. Who is it forD. Who sent it to you10. Having suffered ______ serious damage from war, it may be too difficult to restore the city.A.suchB. soC. tooD. many二、阅读理解（阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案，共40分）短文一（10分）"When one of the doctors criticizes me, I get defensive. I feel like a child again, being scolded, and I want to explain that I'm not wrong." says Viola, a nurse. This is a common reaction to criticism, but not a good one. There are better ways of dealing with criticism. The following are three golden rules one can keep in mind when faced with such a situation.1. Try to be objective. When Sol was criticized by his new employer for not having made a sale, Sol's reaction was to feel sorry for himself. "I had put everything I had into making that sale," Sol says, "and I felt that I had failed as a person. I had to learn through experience not to react like that to each failure. "2. Take time to cool down. Rather than reacting immediately to criticism, take some time to think over what was said. Your first question should be whether the criticism is fair from the other person's position. The problem may be a simple misunderstanding of what you did or your reasons for doing it.3. Take positive actions. After you cool down, consider what you can do about the situation. The best answer may be "nothing". "I finally realized that my boss was having personal problems and taking them out on me because I was there," says Sheila. "His criticisms didn't really have anything to do with my work, so nothing I said or did was going to change them." In Sheila's case, the best way to deal with it was to leave her job. However, that's an extreme reaction. You may simply explain your opinion withoutexpecting an in-depth discussion. You may even decide that the battle isn't worth fighting this time. The key, in any case, is to have a reasonable plan.1. The word “reaction” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.A. referenceB. reasonC. responseD. reminder2. When Sol faces criticism now, he will most likely ____________.A.think more objectivelyB.feel sorry for himselfC.try to make a saleD.feel like he has3. According to the writer, you should think about whether the criticism is fair from the other person’s perspective because ___________.A.other people’s opinions are valuableB.you need time to understand your own situationC.he may just have a misunderstanding of what you didD.he may want to have an in-depth discussion with you about it4. Sheila’s example in the fourth paragraph is to prove that the best way to deal with criticism is to _______.A.cool downB.do nothingC.leave her jobD.have a reasonable plan5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.People should not get defensive when faced with criticism.B.People should avoid reacting immediately to criticism.C.People should take some time to think about the criticism they receive.D.People should explain their opinion when faced with criticism.短文二（10分）It's hard to think of an early retirement as anything other than a positive. Who wouldn't want to trade in their suit and tie for a pair of beach shorts?When considering early retirement, it is important that you prepare financially and in other aspects too. Some guys even think the ideal time to start planning and saving for an early retirement is while they start working. While retiring ahead of schedule may be easier on the body, a new set of research has found that it may not be so beneficial for the mind.The study, conducted at Binghamton University, finds that an early retirement can accelerate the usual rate of cognitive (认知的)decline among the elderly. The research team analyzed China's new rural pension (养老金) scheme (NRPS), as well as China's most recent Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), in order to investigate the effects of early retirement and pension benefits on individual cognition among adults over the age of 60. For reference, CHARLS is a representative national survey of China's population over the age of 45 that tests respondents regarding mental cognition, episodic memory (情景记忆) and overall mental wellbeing.After going over all of the data, the research team noted a clear trend: individuals receiving pension benefits were experiencing much more rapid mental decline than their counterparts still on the workforce. The most prominent i ndicator of mental decline among retirees was delayed recall, a trait widely considered to be an accurate predictor of dementia. Surprisingly, females seemed to experience even sharper mental decline after retiring early. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that decreased mental activity accelerates cognitive decline.This study's findings were similar to previous research that had focused on the impact of retirement on elderly individuals living in the United States, England, and the European Union. So, this is hardly a trend limited to Asia.The researchers had actually conducted previous studies that found retirement led to a number of positive physical health benefits for retirees, such as improved sleep patterns, less stress, and reduced alcohol consumption. However, retirement is also usually accompanied with a decline in social activities and less overall interaction with people, which has also been linked to cognitive decline.6.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?A.Nobody likes early retirement for not being so beneficial for his mind.B.Early retirement is not a positive viewpoint for male but for female.C.Most people like early retirement, but it might not be good for their cognition.D.Everybody likes early retirement because he or she wouldn’t want trade in.7.Which of the following statements about CHARLS is NOT true?A.It is one of data resources of the study at Binghamton University.B.It involves financial preparation, pension and individual cognition.C.It is a nationwide survey of China's population over the age of 45.D.It involves mental cognition, recall and mental wellbeing.8.The word “indicator” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.A.signB.thinkingC.dementiaD.impression9.Which of the following living patterns is mentioned as one of positive benefits of early retirement according to the passage?A.Less alcohol intake.B.More financial preparation.C.More life stress.D.Less social parties.10.It can be inferred from the passage that___________.A.the cognition of workers will increase more sharply after early retirementB.the impact of early retirement has a bit different between Asia and EuropeC.the increased mental activities accelerate the cognitive decline of retireesD.social activities are necessary for retirees as well as positive physical patterns短文三（10分）In the early days of the Internet, some people said that it was going to revolutionise the way that we manage our bank accounts. They predicted that all banking would eventually take place online. Banks which only exist online are, of course, much cheaper to run than traditional banks because they have lower staff and building costs. It seemed possible that the traditional street bank could disappear in the space of a few decades.However, these predictions have not come true and it seems unlikely that they will. The Internet has not replaced ordinary street banks. Instead it has just become one more way in which the bank can reach its customers. Indeed, customer surveys seem to agree that most customers want everything: a branch of their bank in the high street, a 24-hour ATM, and a way of checking their account online.Online banking is also not without its drawbacks. To begin with, the service requires a big investment on the part of the bank to make sure that the information technology is compatible with the computer systems in the branches. An even bigger problem is the possibility of fraud. One of the most common is so-called ‘phishing’. This is when fraudsters send out false emails, such as a fake job offer, to try to makepeople give their account details. They then use this personal or financial information to obtain money. This has affected a number of companies and, if it continues, some of customers may decide not to bank online.Despite this, there is evidence that banks which have developed a large number of online services can have a competitive advantage. It seems that online customers are more likely to buy extra banking products. For example, ING Direct, the online branch of the Dutch bank, gained a number of customers by offering online savings accounts with very competitive interest rates. They then increased their profits further by launching other products which targeted these same online customers. Online services seem, in short, a very good way for banks to market products to existing customers and to reinforce existing relationships.11. Which of the following statements does the passage support?A. The traditional bank will be substituted by online banking.B. Online banking offers new ways to connect with customers.C. Customers are more likely to buy banking products from street banks.D. It is much cheaper to run the traditional banks than online banks.12. It can be inferred from the passage that most bank customers want .A. longer opening time for traditional banksB. more products and services available onlineC. various ways of getting banking servicesD. more competitive online banking products13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The problems with online banking.B. Why banks should offer online services.C. Why people shouldn’t bank online.D. How online banking can increase profits.14. The word “drawbacks”in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .A. punishmentsB. abusesC. questionsD. disadvantages15. According to the passage, what is one of the reasons that customers may NOT want to bank online?A. Computer system may fail.B. Customers may receive some unwanted advertisements.C. Misoperating often occurs when banking online.D. Criminals may steal money from the account.短文四（10分）●本部分包含三篇文章，请根据个人工作专业方向，选择一篇作答。

2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案2023 CNOOC Professional Title English Exam Questions and AnswersThe CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) professional title English exam is a crucial test for employees in the oil and gas industry. Below are some sample questions and answers that may appear on the 2023 CNOOC professional title English exam.Part 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Oil prices have been fluctuating in recent years, causing uncertainty in the global oil market. Factors such as geopolitical tensions, supply and demand dynamics, and the impact of renewable energy sources have all contributed to the volatility in oil prices. Companies in the oil and gas industry need to be prepared to adapt to these changes in order to remain competitive.1. What are some of the factors contributing to the fluctuation in oil prices?Answer: Geopolitical tensions, supply and demand dynamics, impact of renewable energy sources.2. Why do companies in the oil and gas industry need to be prepared for changes in the market?Answer: To remain competitive.Part 2: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:The company is ___________ a new drilling project in the Arctic.A) conductingB) constructingC) conservingD) contradictingAnswer: A) conducting2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition:The company is investing billions of dollars __________ renewable energy projects.A) inB) onC) atD) forAnswer: A) in3. Choose the correct form of the verb:By the end of next year, the company __________ a new refinery in the Middle East.A) will buildB) will be buildingC) will have builtD) will have been buildingAnswer: C) will have builtPart 3: WritingWrite a brief essay (200-300 words) on the following topic:"The future of renewable energy in the oil and gas industry"Answer:Renewable energy is an increasingly important aspect of the oil and gas industry as companies strive to reduce their carbon footprint and meet sustainability goals. The future of renewable energy in the industry looks promising, with investments in solar, wind, and biofuel projects on the rise. Companies that embrace renewable energy will not only benefit the environment but also position themselves as leaders in a rapidly evolving market. As technology advances and costs decrease, renewable energy is expected to play a significant role in the future of the oil and gas industry.In conclusion, the 2023 CNOOC professional title English exam will test employees on their knowledge of the oil and gas industry, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. By preparing for the exam, employees can enhance their skills and stay competitive in the industry. Good luck to all the test-takers!。

试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much _______ will be needed.A. matterB. thingsC. materialD. substance2. They found that the positive thinkers sold 37 percent more insurance than did the_______ thinkers.A. negativeB. positiveC. activeD. passive3. In labs around the world, bad bugs are undergoing the ultimate rehabilitation, being _______ from life-threatening viruses and bacteria into lifesaving therapeuticagents.A. translatedB. transportedC. transformedD. transmitted4. The fresh air is sometimes humid from the _______rainfall of this area.A. numerousB. abundantC. plentyD. substantive5. We know that many animals _______ the deep seas at pressures of 15,000 pounds per square inch.A. live onB. live inC. live throughD. live up to6. Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages _______for a great deal of the world's output in everything from economics to literature to military to science and technology.A. accountB. allowC. applyD. arrange7. _______of the great state of Illinois, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention.A. On accountB. In honorC. In placeD. On behalf8. The companies that are finding ways to hang on to their older workers _______ from an intangible commodity: wisdom.A. obtainB. earnC. developD. benefit9. I raced to_______ Jill.A. keep onB. keep up withC. come up withD. come up to10. Managers need to monitor inflation trends so they can make good _______.A. decisiveB. decisionsC. decideD. decided11. Fluency can be _______ defined as "being able to communicate ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying."A. simpleB. simplyC. similarD. simplify12. The number of vehicles has been steadily increasing. _______, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.A. ContinuouslyB. ConsequentlyC. ConstantlyD. Consistently13. A(An) _______ is better than the text and may make the point clear.A. interpretationB. representationC. illustrationD. draw14. Some of the world's best mountain _______ is available within the 500-kilometer long chain of the Southern Alps.A. sceneB. sceneryC. scarceD. scare15. After a through research, the police __ most of the missing jewels.A. retreatedB. refreshedC. recoveredD. reminded16. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with a(an) __ conventional building.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely17. When pessimists __ in their first attempt, they usually say, "I can't do this."A. feelB. failC. defeatD. lost18. Six years __ before she got another note from Teddy.A. went intoB. went aroundC. went byD. went on19. The company owns a large number of _______ stores.A. exportB. bargainC. retailD. trade20. The cost of self-education has fallen with the multitude of sources of knowledge and information _______ on CD-ROMs and the Internet.A. preferableB. readyC. availableD. considerableII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. since22. --Are you going to the football game?--No, the tickets are _______ for me.A. terrible expensiveB. so much expensiveC. far too expensiveD. highly expensive23. The residents, __ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all of whose homesB. all of their homesC. all their homesD. all that homes24. In some countries _______ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one25. Gorillas are quiet animals, _______ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. even thoughD. because of26. _______ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because27. Henry and Tom __ to the parties at the Trade Union every Saturday.A. used to goB. were used to goC. are used to goD. use to go28. The crewman switched on portable flashlights as the engineer __ the scene.A. has surveyedB. surveysC. was surveyingD. is surveying29. _______ WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime.A. UseB. UsingC. Being usedD. Used30. The news _______ heard everywhere.A. hadB. have beenC. wasD. are going to be31. You __ yourself about money.A. need not worryB. have worryC. are not being worriedD. needn't be worried32. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, __ up to half will be from overseas.A. in whichB. for whomC. with whichD. of whom33. _______ he was a regular customer, the boss allowed 10% discount off the prices of the goods.A. GivingB. Giving thatC. Given thatD. To give that34. It seems oil _______ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking35. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being36. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas __ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challengeB. have been challengedC. may be challengedD. are challenging37. She apologized for __ the meeting.A. her being able not to attendB. her being not able to attendC. not her being able to attendD. her not being able to attend38. I wish to have a word with you, _______ ?A. must IB. wouldn't IC. may ID. shouldn't I39. __ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leaveB. If she leaveC. Were she to leaveD. If she had left40. I wish I __ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have sleptIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:By direct observations and many experiments, biologists have discovered that practically all animals have some senseof hearing or vibration. Earthworms feel vibrations in the soil, fish can be trained to respond to certain tones, male mosquitoes are attracted by the sound of the female, and frogs will respond to a tape recording of their own voices.The inner ear is composed of delicate membranes which bear dense patches of specialized cells called maculae. Each of these collections of cells can carry a message to the brain. What message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected with the hearing sense. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can tell the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.In the human and all other mammals, the macula has developed into an organ which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlea. This spiral shaped organ contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti" after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snail shell, you know how a cochlea looks.When sound waves enter the cochlea, which is really a tube coiled around, they set a membrane into a back and forth motion and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes from going through, while the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidently produced by how much the membrane is cause to move.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists as yet. We do know, however, that nature has set up some very delicate hearing mechanisms for its creatures. Scientists must explore much further for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.41. According to the article practically all animals have some sense ofA. directionB. hearingC. vibrationD. both B and C42. The cochlea is foundA. in fishB. only in humansC. in all animalsD. in all mammals43. Scientists knowA. that all animals have a cochleaB. very little about hearing in animalsC. that mosquitoes cannot hear soundsD. that hearing is produced by air pressure in mammals.44. The article is mostly about __A. how sound is producedB. learning by observingC. the workings of the inner earD. outer ear formation in various animals45. According to Mr. Daniel’s e-mail, what is he concerned about?A. Living expensesB. His salaryC. Commuting to workD. His vacation days46. What does Ms. Answers suggest Mr. Daniels do?A. Establish a budgetB. Speak with his bossC. Look at train faresD. Consult a guide book47. In Ms. Answers' e-mail, the word "track" in paragraph 3, line 4, is closest in meaning toA. footstepB. coverC. recordD. roadway48. What does Ms. Answers say about the subway?A. It is new.B. It is dirty.C. It is inefficient.D. It is inexpensive.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Ostrum GE, the second largest power company in the Nordic countries,officially opened its first Hydrogen Energy Station (HES), with technology products provided by Gredler Energy Systems Corporation. The new station will supply clean hydrogen fuel to three fuel cell buses as part of the prestigious Green Europe Advanced Transport (GREAT) program. Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩) is one of four GREAT cities that will be using Gredler Energy hydrogen infrastructure products.Mr. Peter Russell, Chief Operating Officer of Gredler Energy, was in Stockholm for the station opening and commented, "The opening of this station represents the first step in the introduction of a hydrogen infrastructure in the City of Stockholm. Ostrum and the City of Stockholm have taken an essential step towards creating a pathway to environmentally sustainable urban transportation solutions and we aredelighted to be part of this important movement."The Stockholm HES is comprised of four modules: pressurized waterelectrolysis-based hydrogen generation, compression, high-pressure storage and hydrogen fuel dispenser. The station is capable of producing approximately 120kg per day of high-purity, high-pressure hydrogen using Gredler Energy's proprietary technology. Each fuel cell bus carries approximately 40kg of hydrogen at 350bar (5,000psi).Gredler Energy Systems Corporation is the world leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen solutions, all using the company's proprietary hydrogen generation water electrolysis technology along with products from corporate partners.49. Who will be in charge of the new hydrogen energy station7A. Oredler Energy SystemsB. Ostrum GEC. The GREAT ProgramD. The City of Stockholm50. How much hydrogen will the new station produce each day?A. 40kgB. 120kgC. 350barD. 5,000psi51. The word "sustainable" in paragraph 2, line 5 is closest in meaning toA. livableB. deliverableC. maintainableD. combustible52. What is true about the GREAT program?A. It operates in four countries.B. It is operated by the Gredler Corporation.C. It promotes the use of non-polluting fuels.D. It studies the effects of hydrogen on the atmosphere.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communication technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Twenty years ago, for example, the world's top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 2003, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one third of U.S. companies. It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent ofBurson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN. Turner recently announced that the word "foreign" would no longer be used on CNN news broadcast. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.53. According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because ofA. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB. increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesD. the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.54. The word "provincial" (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means __A. limited in outlookB. like people from the provincesC. rigid in thinkingD. interested in world financial affairs55. We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industryA. speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB. are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsC. are ignorant about world geographyD. enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications56. What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?A. American PR companies should be more internationally-minded.B. The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.C. People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign language.D. People involved in PR should avoid using the word "foreign"Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:On the night of August 17, 1959, at about 20 minutes before midnight, the ground in the vicinity of Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently. At the time there was a rumbling sound, something like a huge truck would make. Both the heaving of the ground and the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.This earthquake near Yellowstone Park was just one of nearly a million that happen every year all over the world. And as bad as this quake was, many have been worse. Earthquake experts say that the Yellowstone quake of 1959 was about as bad as the one which hit San Francisco in 1906. But the San Francisco quake caused more damage because it struck in a place where there were so many people living. In San Francisco 700 persons lost their lives. An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 160,000 lives. In China in 1920 an earthquake took 200,000 lives. It is easy to understand why earthquakes are so feared.What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground on which we live?To answer that question we must first understand some things about the earth itself. Forty miles deep in the earth is the edge of the outer crust of the earth, and there it is so hot that instead of hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts. It is the earth's 40-mile deep crust with which we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquakes. The earth's crust is formed of many different layers of rocks. The layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. Instead, the earth's crust is made of rock layers that are often uneven and not perfectly balanced. Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust. When this break occurs, or when the sides of an old break slip, the earth quakes, or shakes, while the crust is settling into a new position.Sometime these faults are very small, and we then feel only a little tremor. The tremor may even be so light that only the most delicate machine will record it. Most earthquakes are of this weak kind. Sometimes a break in the earth's crust comes about, which starts such a landslide as that which occurred in Madison Canyon. It then takes not one, but many shakes for the earth to heal the fault and settle. That is why many after-shocks follow a major earthquake. Sometimes these go on for several years.57. The Yellowstone earthquake wasA. one of the more severeB. not severeC. the worst in U.S. historyD. a very small one58. The San Francisco quake was worse than the one in Yellowstone becauseA. it lasted longerB. it struck where so many people livedC. there were mountains at YellowstoneD. there was a river at Yellowstone59. The earth's crust is made ofA. sandB. mountainsC. many layer of rockD. lava60. Some times aftershocks follow an earthquake for as long asA. daysB. monthsC. yearsD. centuriesSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Land pollution involves many kinds of wastes. For many years, all wastes were dumped 61 sanitary (卫生的) landfills. Sanitary landfills are large pits where garbage is buried under layers of dirt. When hazardous wastes are put in these landfills, toxic (有毒的) substances can seep into the groundwater and enter the food chain. Hazardous wastes are those kinds of wastes that are 62 or dangerous to the environment. They can be poisonous, corrosive (腐蚀性的), flammable, explosive,or radioactive (放射性的). They can pollute the air or 63 fires or explosions. These wastes can also cause 64 problems for humans and animals. For these reasons, it is important to dispose 65 hazardous wastes in secured landfills where they cannot leak. A secured landfill is located on clay ground, and the pits are lined with plastic and nylon sheets to 66 the hazardous wastes in the pit.One kind of hazardous wastes, radioactive waste, involves a special disposal problem. Radioactive waste is created by industries and nuclear power plants 67 use radioactive materials. Radioactive materials 68 off energy as their atoms change. This energy is invisible, but very powerful. It can harm 69 tissues in plants and animals. Radioactive waste can remain hazardous for over 100 years. They must be stored in containers that can hold them without leakage for at least 70 amount of time.61. A. by B. with C. of D. into62. A. destructive B. smelly C. poisonous D. healthy63. A. make B. lead C. cause D. take64. A. lung B. living C. health D. water65. A. of B. by C. to D. with66. A. help B. remain C. keep D. guard67. A. those B. who C. that D. what68. A. come B. give C. take D. put69. A. living B. live C. lively D. alive70. A. an B. one C. that D. theseIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affectswhether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Take for example your job. In a major study, Smith and his colleagues surveyed sales representatives at a big life insurance corporation in New York. They found that the optimists among newly-hired representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the pessimists.How did they do it? The secret to an optimist's success, according to Smith, is in his "explanatory style". When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself while the optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even his friends. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what you're likely to get.B级71.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to sickness and failure, and is linked to depression and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Michael of Yale University, "it would be like inoculating (接种疫苗) them against these mental ills.""Your abilities count," explains psychologist Smith of Harvard University, "but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will." In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy (预言). "If people feel hopeless," says Smith, "they don't bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed." on the contrast, the optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, and reaching out for advice.So, if you're a pessimist, there's reason for you to change. Positive thinking leads to positive reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence' suggests, is what you're likely to get.。

\I. Vo Q:2409934629Directions:contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti"天然气Natural gas生油层Hydrocarbon generation油气运移Oil and gas migration垂直运移The vertical migration侧向运移Lateral migration储集层reservoir含有层Containing layer圈闭trap盖层cover隔层interlay遮挡Keep out含油面积Oil-bearing area油水边界Oil-water boundary储油面积Storage area工业油气藏Industrial oil and gas reservoirs构造油气藏Structural reservoirs地层油气藏Stratigraphic reservoirs岩性油气藏Lithologic reservoir储油构造Oil storage structure地质构造Geological structure沉积相The sedimentary facies沉积环境Sedimentary environmentwo languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, someEuropean firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language.纵向分辨率verticalresolution测井仪器能够分辨出的地层的最小厚度。

电测井仪器通常以纵向积分几何因子为90%时对应的地层厚度作为仪器的纵向分辨率。

冲洗带flushedzone在渗透性地层中，与井壁相邻的地层受到钻井液滤液冲洗。