自学习安徽大学研究生英语上册 1-5单元期末考试Summary and comment

Single or MarriedNowadays, with the development of the society, great changes have taken place in people’s mind. For example, the question to select single or married with today’s social pressure surge. Single or married, this is a question.In my opinion,there are still a lot of people that they are eager to have their own happy marriage. If this is not the case, Eleanor Rigby won’t pick up the rice in the church where the wedding has been. If this is not the case,there will be some unmarried people crazy for the lucky flowers which is thrown from from the bride in their friend’s weeding. When I face the question about single or married, I will not hesitate to choose to get married. Firstly, I want to get married because I don’t want to let my life is full of lonely. Secondly, when I faced with difficulties, I know that there is a woman I loved to support me. We overcome the difficulties with our common efforts. Moreover, I want to have a child, if I choose to be a single, I won’t know the feeling of a father forever.No matter how single people aging gracefully and pass away gracefully, they will leave some regrets. Before their bed, there aren’t other people in addition to the medical workers when they leave, no son, no daughter, no wife, leaving this world in silence. I think the value of marriage is still a lot , at least I won’t leave some regrets.Treat or Let Die?In Shakespear’s “Hamlet”, there is a classic line: To be or not to be, this is a problem. This sentence likes the problem that the doctors faced in the world: Treat or let die, this is also a problem.Medical has made a great progress in modern society, but it also has become a double-edges word. These let doctors face the dilemma. From the law, professional ethics and public opinion make doctors facing a difficult situation. Making the choice of treat or not treat is the basic question in modern medicine. In my opinion, all problems shouldn’t treat as the same. We should treat different problems with different standards, so should medical. Of course, this is not to say that doctors can go-as-you-please over the patients’ life. However, if the cost of the saving patients is to let the patients faced with great pain in their rest life, the doctors should be well considered. Firstly, they should solicit the opinions of the patients. Because the life belong to the patients,it is their own rights that how to make a decision, so we should respect their decisions. Secondly, doctors also need to solicit the opinion of the patients’ families. Because, if the patient made a decided to give up treatment, which means that their families’ love ones will be soon to leave, and it is also a kind of sad for families. Last but not the least, we should also consider the legal requirements, cannot cross the law to make a decision.As medical scientists push back the frontiers of therapy, the dilemma will continue to exist. In my opinion, this is not a question-treat or let die-that doctors should be think, the government and society should participate in it. Only in this way, we can better solve this problem.。

安徽大学研究生英语期末学位考试通知安大,英语,期末考试关于硕士研究生英语学位考试的通知1.硕士研究生英语学位考试一:口试口试时间:XX年年1月2日(周五)——7日(周三)口试(注:XX年年12月31日(周三)答疑具体要求:①考试随堂进行②学生单独测试,5分钟/人③满分为20分④优秀率(即17-19分)原则上不超过班级总人数的40%口试题型:①朗读:朗读综合英语上下册6个单元课文中抽到的内容(3分钟/人)②口头作文:就抽到的某个话题演讲(2分钟/人)朗读内容:①上册UnitTwoTextAparas.3-5(p32-33)②上册UnitThreeTextAparas.3,4&10(p67&p70)③下册UnitOneTextBparas.5,10&11(p16-18)④下册UnitTwoTextAparas.1,2,9&10(p36&p40)⑤下册UnitFourTextAparas.4,5&6(p104)⑥下册UnitFiveTextAparas.4,6&17(p144-145&p148)口试话题:①Howtoavoidaddiction?②Cultureisdynamic.③Howtosocializewithpeople?④MyidealwelfaresysteminChina.⑤HowtodevelopyourEQ?⑥Howtomanageyourmoney?注意事项:①老师准备6个朗读内容及6个口试话题标签②学生自备综合英语教材上､下册③学生考试前将打印好的其中4个话题讲稿交给老师做口试成绩参考2.硕士研究生英语学位考试二:笔试笔试时间:XX年年1月9日(周五)上午8:50-10:50题型及分值:①Listening30%(1×30=30;9:20播放听力)②V ocabularyandStructure10%(0.5×20=10)③Readingprehension30%(2×15=30;3passages)④Cloze10%(0.5×20=10)⑤Translation10%(5×2=10)⑥Writing10%(summarizeagiventextwe’velearnedandmakeabriefmentonthetopicwithin160—200words)出卷原则:课内内容60%(听力包括所学单元的TestYourself部分);课外内容40%3.硕士研究生学位英语总评成绩:平时成绩20%+口试成绩20%+笔试成绩60%研究生教研室XX年-11-30。

Summary上册Unit 1 《how to read a book》本文的中心思想是我们读书也是有方法的，要读好书启发我们的心智，不然就是在浪费时间。

The main idea of this article is that we also have a method to read books, to read good books to enlighten our minds, oris a waste of time.因为人的生命时间有限，而一本好书的价值却可以流芳百世。

Because time is limited, the value of a good book will last forever.那么关于怎样读好书作者讨论了很多，其中谈到了关于文学评论和评论家的问题。

So there's a lot of talk about how to read good writers, and there's a lot of talk about literary criticism and critics.作者认为读书不应该仅仅看这些文学评论家写的书评而忽略了这本书本身带给你的感受。

The author believes that reading should not be about reading the reviews of these literary critics and ignoring how the book makes you feel.在你读诗的时候也会有人给你提建议，这群人自己造诣不高却喜欢批判一切，对任何事物都带有偏见。

You will also be given advice as you read the poems, a group of people who are themselves not very accomplished but like to criticize everything and have a prejudice against everything.对待这群人的最好方式就是置之不理，当他们感觉无法劝动你的时候他们就会放弃。

------the pleasures of ignoranceThe author began this essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding a fact that he knew practically nothing about any thing. The quantity of the things he knew was limited except his own experience. However he felt no depress about his ignorance,believing that ignorance would be the greatest help to one. Because sometimes memory is not reliable, ignorance does work at this time,for the ignorant man seldom make inaccurate judgment without making an investigation first. So the ignorance would lead us to learn more.As we know, the author’s attitude is solely and optimistic. But should we feel ashamed or pessimistic while realizing that we are ignoran t? Undoubtedl y,one’s knowledge can be out at elbows sometimes, but we can look up in a textbook or the encyclopedia etc. The information can be quickly accessed in various means. What’s more, there is no need toremember too much detail things,such as the mathematical formula, name s. If we always pay attention on those things,they will never be our prides but burden! So the answer of the question mentioned above is obvious.------Exercise is a state of mind“A sound mind in a sound body”,the author begins this essay by t elling a description of a happy state. And throwing out his own p erspective—body and mind healthy are linked together by exercise. Then the author exemplifies scientists’experiments as evidence to prove e xercise has great effects on our healthy. Regular exercise improves our m ood,decreases anxiety,improves sleep,improves resilience in the face of st ress and raise self-esteem. In addition, exercise may have something to do with gene in a certain degree. This may become a gentle nudge to enc ourage us to exercise. Last,the author believes that the type of exercise do esn’t matter too much,more important is the ability to sustain an ex ercise routine.I accept his view of attitude towards exercise. What we concerned is not the form,but to do or not to do. Nowadays,most of us spend too much time in doors,no willing and motivations drive us to do more exercise. As the saying goes: all roads to Rome. Any type and reasonsthat help you feel like exercise and keep you moving,you can insist on it. Besides,we should form the habit of exercise. Continuing exercise is good to our body and mind healthy.Summary and comment (unit 4)----Rags to rags,riches to richesFrom this essay,“American Dream”i s gradually fading with the development of economy,rather than opportunity as the crux, especially for the native. The idea that American is exceptional in its material opportunity is deeply lodged in the culture. And this also has brought so much motivation for the poor. But now pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness and the stiffening of America’s economic is worse than the culture. what’s more,America’s dominant position among those western counties is also becoming unobvious, which also lead challenges among peers depend on their parents. So the real focus of an effort to restore social and economic opportunity in America is to get out of poverty. The author’s advice is paying more attention on education.A kind of culture held in esteem has its irreplaceable advantages. Such as American dream, struggle,risk ,self-determination and material progress are its representations. So the sate that rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor can change. However,with the development of the society ,the change of the environment, the culture is hard to keep. What we need to do is to look for means to maintain the culture in order to be ladders out of poverty. I agree with the author’s advice——improve education.Because it’s effective although we need several generations.Summary and comment(unit 5)-----teaching our children about evilThe author began this essay by asking how to understand the definition of “evil”. In the body, creative and destructive potentials wereraised,which would effect people’s behaviors greatly.our creative potential is to enhance and enrich life,but destructive potential has the opposite result.In the end, with such what’s about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children about evil.According to my understanding, on one hand, there is no absolute good or absolute evil. A thing can be good or evil or both at the same t ime;On the other hand, good and evil have no difference in size. We c an’t deny a thing is good just because it’s too small, such as picking up t he rubbish on the road. Or we can’t say a thing is not evil just because it is a small thing, such as spitting everywhere. Finally, I think good and evil can be transformed sometimes. We can’t say one is good or evil forever. In a word, good and evil is a complicated term. The relationship between them is so difficult to define.we should regard them from an ove rall aspect, don’t treat a thing or a person as good or evil too roughly.。

研究生英语综合教程一年级期末考试内容Part A (10’). Fill the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.Unit11. After two year’s unemployment, he worked as a door-to-door salesman peddling cloths and brushes and underwent an unforgettable money-making hardship.2. In the early morning the armed forces began the march but the progress was slow as they had to trudge through deep mud.3. She had the gumption to write directly to the company manager and persuade him to give her a job she had finished all the professional training courses with straight As.4. Men, in most cases, naturally despise t hose who court them, but respect those who do not give way to them.5. To participate in the evening party, she wore a long, loose overcoat with a(n) detachable cape with a round collar.6. The essence of humanistic spirit is to respect the value of human being, the value of life, and have a sense of reverence, because life is sacred.7. This paper is aimed at analyzing the inevitability and possibility for Chinese enterprises to reverence international business.8. The Commission has wide powers to intervene in the affairs of a charity where things have gone wrong.9. The actual low standard of expropriating land and allocation and the singleness in the model of allocation cause lots of peasants to be paupers in city.10. The old lady was pretty good-hearted and her generositywas popular among all who were familiar with her. She often offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.Unit 21. Don’t worry about the problem. She is a shrewd woman full of resourcefulness and will certainly be able to cope.2. We finally chose the house for its proximity to the school. It takes us only five minutes to walk to school from the house.3. The friends of the accused man intimidated the witness by bashing him in a dark alley. As a result, the witness didn’t appear in court.4. The women’s movement acted as a catalyst for change in many a spects of women’s social lives.5. Judging from the relevant evidence, it seems that he should be responsible for the accident because the evidence against him is overwhelming.6. The death of the King was followed by a year of anarchy. People were eager for a powerful leader.7. The economic recession has a fatal effect on demand. The inquiries for our product have dwindled to about three fifths of the previous demand.8. After twenty years of hard work, Jerry finally worked his way up through the corporate hierarchy to become President.9. Greg is a nice guy, but he has a few weird personality quirk, which does not surprise me because everyone has his little oddities to a certain extent.10. Thompson was rant about American youth again, which was his favorite topic. He could talk about the topic for an hour without stopping.Unit 31. The US economy has turned in 108 straight months ofgrowth, surpassing the record of 106 months between February 1961 and December 1969, the report notes.2. Persons suspected of carrying a contagious disease should be detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country.3. In an international conference last year, all the representatives agreed to found a new academy which aimed to spur scientific researches in different fields.4. Japan, a previous leader, languished in 17th place in the poll of business leaders conducted by the International Institute for Management Development.5. They spend a lot of effort fussing over their cultures and the development and maintenance of work environments that will be appealing to those they want to attract.6. Because of the efforts made by many generations of scientists in our country, some apparently impossible feats are now accomplished.7. You have to really think seriously about the introduction of new species of organic compounds that could have acted to catalyze, if not actually spawn, more diverse kinds of life.8. In spite of the great number of denominations, scholars find that in many cases there are no major differences in belief, and only minor ones in ritual between many of the Protestant denominations.9. It often takes trouble from outside to weld a family together and cause them to forget their quarrels.10. The Christian doctrine says that the Son of God was conceived in the womb of Mary and that Jesus is true God and true man.Part B(10’) Choose the word or phrase that is closest inmeaning to the italicized part of each sentence.Unit 11. He turned and walked towards the glass doors in the lobby, feeling that faint guilt and bewilderment we experience when we by-pass some old friend or classmate who seems threadbare, or sick, or miserable in some other way. ragged2. I don’t know anything about art, and I haven’t met any grand p eople, and I don’t go to a good tailor, and all that, I’m not what he calls from top-drawer society. highest3. When someone compliments me on something I’ve cooked, that makes me very happy, so I guess you’d say that I like cooking. praises4. As a manage r, it’s advisable to bear in mind that if your division’s profit outlook is bleak, so may be your future with the company. dismal5. On Christmas morning, the children were enchanted with the various presents supposedly given by Santa Claus. gladdened6. There are, as the old saying goes, some people who pretend to despise the things they cannot have. scorn7. While watching TV to kill time at night, he draped his legs over the arm of the chair and made himself as comfortable and relaxed as he possibly could. hung8. I had a theoretical reverence and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, and fascination so I could appreciate all the beauties around me that might be neglected by others. admiration9. An accident must have occurred there for the spectators ringed intersection speaking in low voices. crossway 10. The skills of the George Washington University medical team, plus his amazing determination and the grit and spirit of his wife, Sarah,pulled Jim through courageUnit 21. According to research, the stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. willingness2. Digital cell phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power compared with the traditional telephone. disadvantage3. When others were actively taking part in the conversation, Leo stood there still, as he felt self-conscious about his accent. embarrassed4. During the course of her lifetime, Mrs. Boone amassed more than $5 million through her hard work and wise investment. collected5. Donna’s having a bridal shower for Julie next week. Now she is busy preparing presents and inviting friends. party6. I think Morris is too laid-back to run the company compared with the ex-CEO, who was very strict with employees. relaxed7. Lucy thought for a minute before the solution dawned on her. Her quick response left a deep impression on the interviewer. occurred to8. For parents, many things can help their children to cultivate good habits. For example, reading aloud nurtures a love of books in children. cultivates9. The chemistry between Hepburn and Tracy is obvious. One can easily observe their love from the way they look at each other. attraction10. I enjoyed the camaraderie among the team, which brought mutual trust among the team members. To a certain extent, this was the key to our success. friendshipUnit 31. She looked wretched and lonely, despairing of the arrival of a friend who has promised to meet her. miserable2. An investigation carried out ostensibly to uncover subversive activities but actually used to harass an d undermine those with differing views. rebellious3. The soldier scaled the wall of the fortress by turret to attack the enemies inside, which caused a lot of casualties. fort4. Launching “The Sims” lets player alternate between being a voyeur and a god in a game that is at once wholesome and creepy. healthy5. The most important thing is that there should be more cohesion within the party in order to win the next general election. integrity6. Gingerly stepping over each sleeper, like a forest hiker over fallen tree trunks, finally I reached the hall and managed to open the door. c autiously7. It breaks my heart to think of all the money we spent on our son’s educatio n and all he wants to do is work in a dreary factory. dull8. The dictator decreed that his birthday should be a public holiday because he considered himself the God of the continent. ordered9. My judgment was frequently faulty and my information was useless sometimes, but my fealty to the nation could not be questioned. loyalty 10. We should pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare, and to his great contributions in the fields of drama and sonnets. respect Translate the following into English(10’)由于繁忙的日程安排，我的话社交生活已经减少到几乎没有。

课程名称___大学英语2023—2024学年第1学期考试试题_考试方式（闭卷）适用专业本科考试时间（120）分钟题号一二三四五六总分得分评卷人Part ⅠListening Comprehension (15minutes)(15points)Directions:This part is to test your listening ability.It consists of 3sections.Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 5short dialogues.Each dialogue will beplayed only once.After it there is a pause.During the pause you should readthe incomplete statement printed in the test paper and complete it accordingto what you have just heard.Write your words in the corresponding space onthe Answer Sheet.1.The father was ________________his son.2.The woman means that the teacher _______________at the party.3.The man can't remember where he was last night at ________________.4.The man is planning to ________________.5.The woman was late for ________________.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear another 5short dialogues.After each dialoguethere will be a question.Both the dialogues and questions will be played onlyonce.And a pause will follow each question.When you hear a question,youshould write down the answer in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.6.____________________________________________________________.7.____________________________________________________________.安徽大学8.____________________________________________________________.9.____________________________________________________________.10.____________________________________________________________. Section CDirections:In this section you will hear2recorded short passages.Each passage will be followed by2or3questions.Each passage will be played two times.Butthe questions will be played only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause you should choose the correct answer from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then you should mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions11and12are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)One week.B)One month.C)One year.D)Two years.12.A)By going to the university in person.B)By studying a general reference book.C)By writing to the university for its catalogue.D)By going to the library for its catalogue.Passage TwoQuestions13to15are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)She started crying bitterly.B)She fell from the bed and lost consciousness.C)She had a high fever.D)She suddenly stopped breathing.14.A)She called in a policeman.B)She rushed to the police.C)She ran out to get the doctor.D)She tried to phone for help.15.A)She learned the method from a newspaper.B)She remembered her sister's advice.C)The doctor told her what to do.D)The policeman told her what to do.PartⅡVocabulary and Structure(25minutes)(35points) Directions:This part is to test your mastery of the usage of vocabulary and grammar.There are3sections in it.Section ADirections:This section is to test the use of vocabulary.There are20incompletesentences in it.You are required to complete each one by choosing the mostappropriate(恰当的)word or phrase from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre.16.We had not gone many miles when we were____________by the police.A)pulled downB)pulled upC)pulled outD)pulled in17.My wife's health will not____________this cold wet climate.A)keep up withB)stand up toC)get rid ofD)come through18.The policemen charged him with____________the public peace.A)disturbingB)interferingC)dismissingD)interrupting19.____________saving a few dollars,Miss Clemson walks to work.A)As a result ofB)For the sake ofC)In the event ofD)On the grounds of20.Their industrial output was____________at$289.2million in1996.A)pricedB)costC)soldD)valued21.They are making preparations for new investment(投资)in the country,____________inlarge projects.A)apparentlyB)especiallyC)eventuallyD)originally22.Between1992and1996,annual sales of gold____________more than200tons in China.A)levelledB)equalledC)averagedD)amounted23.About200companies from15countries and____________have applied to take part in theexhibition.A)regionsB)areasC)partsD)fields24.It was____________that he was not satisfied by my story.A)mysteriousB)essentialC)fancyD)obvious25.In order to discover the crops most suited to the soil,they experimented____________various kinds of grain.A)forB)atC)onD)with26.Wujin Diesel Engine Plant is____________its efforts to compete in the markets.A)strengtheningB)emphasizingC)fulfillingD)restoring27.The news will quickly be known through the____________of the broadcasting station.A)measuresB)mediumC)middleD)manners28.You can____________to your notes when you are speaking.B)turnC)consultD)keep29.Concrete measures have been____________to achieve closer cooperation than ever before.A)mentionedB)realizedC)proposedD)operated30.His face____________a red color because of his embarrassment.A)stuck toB)put onC)took onD)kept to31.We can make exchange rates more____________and narrow the differences.A)popularB)frequentC)flexibleD)public32.There is a forest of cliffs,including an isolated____________in a wooden-club shape.A)peakB)topC)branchD)spot33.The young girl____________the wrapping in her eagerness to find her birthday present.A)took offB)tore offC)took awayD)got away34.The World Cup football match is just____________the corner.A)roundB)nearC)onD)at35.Every one can only marry one____________in China.A)at a timeB)at any timeD)at one timeSection BDirections:This section is to test the use of grammar.There are10incompletesentences in it.You should fill in each blank with the correct form of theword given in the brackets.Write the word or words in the corresponding spaceon the Answer Sheet.36.As I passed the barrier,I declared I(find)________this child on the road.37.Mr.Witherspoon did not object to(explain)________a problem over and over again.38.An interest that has once been dropped cannot easily(recover)________.39.When(respond)________to a question about this,9.9percent of the youths were"greatlysatisfied"and52.8percent were"fairly satisfied".40.I say this merely(indicate)________that this cannot be considered the solution to allsocial problems.41.A child(bring up)________in a poor environment may turn out to be a criminal.42.You should watch the newspapers for the(announce)________of the meeting.43.Pressure is believed to raise the(boil)________point of a liquid.44.Tom is often(understand)________by his classmates as he fails to express himselfproperly.45.These painters say that they(finish)________the downstairs rooms by Wednesday. Section CDirections:This section is to test your ability to construct sentences.There are5groups of words here.You should use them to make grammatically correctsentences.Remember that you need to change the forms of some words and addsome words if necessary.Also remember that no word given should be left out.Example:Good/manners/should/observe/whether/one/eat/restaurant/or/homeGood manners should be observed whether one eats at a restaurant or at home.46.We/hope/positive/results/come/out/on-going/debates/this/matter_________________________________________________________________47.Tibetan people/use/rely/wood/sods(草皮)/for/cook/or/keep/warm_________________________________________________________________48.As/nature/reserve/area/be/rich/forest/resource/and/be/paradise(乐园)/for/animal_________________________________________________________________49.By/end/last/October/foreign-funded/bank/number/175_________________________________________________________________50.Their/product/sell/over/20/country/Southeast/Asia/South/Asia/Europe/America_________________________________________________________________PartⅢReading Comprehension(30 minutes)(20points)Directions:This part is to test your reading ability.There are some tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the given materials carefully and do the tasks as you areinstructed.Task1Directions:After reading the following passage,you will find5questions or unfinished statements,numbered51through55.For each question or statement there are4choices marked A),B),C)or D).You should make the correct choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Nowadays,cities are becoming more and more densely populated.Some pessimists are deeply worried about the serious problems posed by the huge populations.They believe that the public services are already overloaded and near the verge of collapse.Especially in some developing countries,the metropolis are overcrowded all the time.Thronged streets, stuffed buses and jammed subways continuously batter people's lives.Some optimists, however,see the current problems as merely part of an evolutionary process.They arguethat London and New York had similar problems but were able eventually to establish an orderly and safe environment for their citizens.It seems that people become the controversial factor here.Either they themselves as inhabitants cause inconvenience toeach other,or they participate together in city developing plans and contribute effortsto facilitate city life.Human elements are therefore the core for determining the futureof big cities.51.According to the passage,____________poses the most serious problem.A)pollutionB)noiseC)populationD)traffic jam52.If the pessimists are to give examples,____________serves as the best one.A)TokyoB)SingaporeC)Mexico CityD)Sydney53."Controversial"has the similar meaning with____________.A)importantB)keyC)disputingD)unusual54.The last sentence implies that____________.A)good management systems are essentialB)a great leader is all importantC)the more people,the betterD)big cities have no bright future55.____________characterizes the way the passage organized.A)DescriptionB)ComparisonC)ExemplificationD)ContrastTask2Directions:There are6sentences marked A),B),C),D),E)and F)here.They are taken from one paragraph but not in the right order.You should read them carefullyand restore(恢复)the first5sentences of the paragraph to their originalorder.Then put the marks of the sentences in the brackets numbered56through60on the Answer Sheet.Remember that one sentence should be left out.A)The more toys that are made,the cheaper they are for us to buy in the shops.B)Because there are so many different jobs to be done in the production of each toy,the workers are organised into groups.C)This means that the workers become very good,or specialised(专业化的),at the work they do.D)Each group does a different job or set of jobs.E)People working in some of the departments may never see the finished toy they have helped to make.F)Because of this specialisation,one person can't make a complete toy by himself.56.()57.()58.()59.()60.()Task3Directions:Read the given passage carefully.Then answer the questions following it in as few words as possible,that is,no more than10words.Remember to writeyour answers in the corresponding space(61through65)on the Answer Sheet.The ideal(理想)culture is the culture that the members of a society think they have;the real culture is the culture they actually have.In all societies there is a differencebetween the two.If an American citizen were asked to tell a visitor from a foreign land something about how Americans think and live,his description would probably be somewhat less than true.He might say,for example,that the United States is a democracy(民主),that all men are created equal,and that all have the same legal and social rights.Hemight fail to mention,however,that some Americans,whose skin happens to have a darker color,do not enjoy these rights equally with other citizens.61.What is discussed in the passage?____________________________________________________________________________ 62.How would an American describe his society to a foreigner?____________________________________________________________________________ 63.What is the reason that an American's description about his society might notcompletely be true?____________________________________________________________________________ 64.What is the truth concerning the Americans with dark skin?____________________________________________________________________________ 65.How does the author prove the difference between the two cultures?____________________________________________________________________________ Task4Directions:Read the given passage carefully.Then complete the chart following it with the information you have got from the passage.Remember to write your answersin the corresponding space(66through70)on the Answer Sheet.Are you aware of the striking similarities between two of the most popular US presidents,Abraham Lincoln and John F.Kennedy?A minor point is that the names Lincolnand Kennedy both have seven letters.Lincoln and Kennedy are both remembered for their sense of humor,as well as for their interest in civil rights.Lincoln became president on1860,Kennedy in1960.Neither man took the advice of his secretary not to make a public appearance on the day on which he was assassinated.They were both killed on a Friday inthe presence of their wives.Both assassins have fifteen letters in their names,and bothwere murdered before they could be brought to trial.And finally,the same caisson carriedthe bodies of both men in their funeral procession.66.___________________________________67.___________________________________68.___________________________________69.___________________________________70.___________________________________PartⅣTranslation—English into Chinese(15minutes)(10points) Directions:This part is to test your ability to translate English sentences and paragraphs.There are3English sentences and one short paragraph.You should translate themcorrectly into Chinese.Remember to write the Chinese in the corresponding space onthe Answer Sheet.71.People throughout the world have been awakened to the fact that the Earth's resourcesare drying up.__________________________________________________________________72.Generally speaking,manufacturers do not deal direct with individual customers.__________________________________________________________________73.We had thought he was an American but he turned out to be a Japanese.__________________________________________________________________74.We firmly believe the Sino-US relationship will only improve and grow in a healthy,stable and forward direction well into the21st century if all the principles laid outin the three Sino-US joint communiqués(联合公报)are observed._________________________________________________________________PartⅤTranslation—Chinese into English(15minutes)(10points) Directions:This part is to test your ability to translate Chinese sentences.There are5 Chinese sentences here.You should translate them correctly into English.Rememberto write the English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.75.很显然，吸引外资对这个城市的现代化建设是至关重要的。

安大研究生英语上册summaryUNIT1Josph Brosky puts himself very clearly in the text.how to read a book.Many books are less limited than ourselves,many writers write a good book through all their lives.therefore,in literature good is defined by its distinction from bad.our readers ought to pick up good books that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possibly focus.the man so called literary criticism all have their limit.the writer accounts poem an a way to develop good taste in literature. he think it as the supreme form of human locution .for it isconcise and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.A man who used to read poetry may have no interest in bad prose.The writer explain his opinion clearly in the text lies.the text can be divided into three parts.Although we all be taught not tu tell lies since our childhood.we can not deny the fact that people tell lies from time to time for different reason.People may tell white lies ro protect their friend, their friend,their family,or even just for themselves.Religions always tell lies to offer people the hope of life. the government may tell lies to ensure their manipulate of encomy .Lies around us everywhere ,it directs our thoughts and actions everyday and we may never doubt big lies to comfort ourselves.most people want sth moreconsoling than terrible facts.peopleneed big lies because lying disguses our morlatity,our indueques ,our fears and anxiety ,our loneliness in the midst of crowd ,we can nor live without lies. John F. kennedy is the 35th president of America.He gave this speech on his inaugural day.I think this exciting inaugural address can be divided into three parts.In the first part,K commit to do what the oath said although the world is different.Heshou his comfidence to maintain human rights and the sucdess of liberty.He speaks to many kinds of people in the second part.he pledge the loyality offairhful friend,shouws whlcome to the new states ,and pledge them besr efforts to help the struggling national,he offers a special pledge to the south of America that he hopes to convent good words into good deeds.he renews his pledge of support to the United Nations.he even speaks to their hostile state for peace.In the third pare,he calls for citizen to do sth”Ask not what Amer ica will do for you,but whar together we can do for the freedom of man”In the article ,the writer light the necessity for recession-proofing our career and gives his stratergies for recession proofing our career.he thinks our world as a TempWorle .everyone of us may be influenced by it,so all of us should be a career activist .The first strategy is to ensure our employability.he adviced us to currency ability,then create a fallback position in case we have to change our mind-set.knowing our key skills will help us to know ourselves well.being prepared for areas of competence will shorten the time we stepping in a new filed .he also advice us to build a knowledge netork and market ourselves in an opporiate way.As for our thought,we should learn to feel good about ourselves and to act ambitiousResilience is very important for every of us .At last,saty culturally current will benefits us a lot no matter in what case.。

上册unit 2Many countries have adopted systems of conventional education in order to enhance the average level of education .许多国家采用传统教育系统以提高教育的平均水平Intoxicated by a sense of its own power, mankind has proceeded further and further with experiments that could destroy itself and the world.被自我力量的沉醉,人类一步步发展,一步步实验,可能会破坏自己和世界As nations are able to produce tens of millions of casualties in a matter of hours, peace has become a moral imperative必要的事.由于国家能够在几小时内产生数以百万计的伤亡人数,和平已成为一种道德义务。

The grim-looking woman with graying hair, suddenly bursting out in a frenzy, frightened us all away.一个白发冷酷的女人,突然疯狂的大声喊叫,吓坏了我们所有人。

This is the worst-case scenario: in a few years, output in South-east Asia could be 30 to 40 percent below what it was in 1997, with who knows what consequences.这是最坏的情况:几年后,东南亚地区的产量可能会低于1977年的30~40%,有谁知道后果。

安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册（全）第一篇：安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册(全) Unit OneText A How to Read A BookIntroductory Remarks ―Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.‖ Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago.However, what are the criteria for those books to be ―chewed and digested?‖ How to tell good literature from bad literature? On these issues, people don‘t seem to have reached an agreement.In the article, Nobel laureate Joseph Brodsky first states that people‘s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read.Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job;even book reviewers can‘t help much.In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the most concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.Text-related Information1.The Last Judgment The last judgment(sometime referred to as universal judgment)is a firmly held belief of Roman Catholicism.Immediately upon death each soul undergoes a particular judgment, and, depending upon the state of that person's soul, goes to heaven, purgatory, or hell.The last judgment will occur after the resurrection of the dead and the reuniting of a person's soul with his or her own physical body.At the time of the last judgment Christ will come in his glory, and allthe angels with him, and in his presence the truth of each man's relationship with God will be laid bare, and each person who has ever lived will be judged with perfect justice.Those already in heaven will remain in heaven;those already in hell will remain in hell;and those in purgatory will be released into heaven.The Roman Catholic Church holds no doctrinal position on the fate of those in Limbo.Following the last judgment, the bliss of heaven and the pains of hell will be perfected in that those present will also be capable of physical bliss/pain.After the last judgment the universe itself will be renewed with a new heaven and a new earth.2.The rhetoric “anticlimax”In rhetoric, climax is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.Climax comes from the Greek word for “ladder”.Examples:There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love.But the greatest of these is love.“I think we've reached a point of great decision, not just for our nation, not only for all humanity, but for life upon the earth.” George Wald A Generation in Search of a Future, March 4, 1969.“...Lost, vaded, broken, dead within an hour.William Shakespeare, The Passionate Pilgrim, XIII.”...the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.“ Martin Luther King, I Have a Dream.Similarly an anticlimax is an abrupt declension(either deliberate or unintended)on the part of a speaker or writer from the dignity of the idea which he appeared to be aiming at;as in the following well-known distich:---”The great Dalhousie, he, the god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the earl of Mar.“An anticlimax can be intentionally employed only for ajocular or satiric purpose.It frequently partakes of the nature of antithesis, as in，”Die and endow a college or a cat.“3.Belles lettresBelles letters(from the French for literature, literally ”fine letters“)refers to literature that is appreciated for the beauty, artistry, and originality of its style and tone rather than for its ideas and informational content.Earlier the term was synonymous with literature, referring particularly to fiction, poetry, drama, criticism, and essays.However, belletristic literature has come to mean light, artificial writing and essays extolling the beauties of nguage Points1.On the whole, books are less limited than ourselves.Often they sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust---and it is precisely the appetite for this posthumous dimension that sets one‟s pen in motion.On the whole, books have longer lives than the writers who write them.Long after the writer has died, his or her books may remain on bookshelves absorbing dust.It is due to the desire to be remembered after death that motivates the author to write continuously.2.So as we toss and turn these rectangular objects in our hands we won‟t be terribly amiss if we surmise that we fondle, as it were, the urns with our returning ashes.Therefore, when we take a book in our hands, it is not totally wrong for us to think that we are, actually, handling the urn containing our own ashes.amiss adj.: not functioning properly;e.g.A few words of introduction may not come amiss.Is there anything amiss?surmise v: infer from incomplete evidence;e.g.We surmised that he must have had an accident.There‘s so little to go on, we can only surmise what happened.n.: a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidencee.g.His surmise proved correct.Your first surmise was right.3.Whoever said that to philosophize is an exercise in dying was right in more ways than one, for by writing a book nobody gets younger.Some people say that to think philosophically is to experience the process of death.That is right in many aspects, as in the process of writing a book, the author only gets older and older.philosophize v.: conduct philosophical thinking;reason philosophically e.g., They spend their time philosophizing about the mysteries of life.a tendency to philosophize about racial harmony4.The paradox, however, lies in the fact that in literature “good” is defined by its distinction from “bad”.But, what seems contradictory is that in literature good works are identified by its distinction from bad works, i.e., a piece of work is good because it is not bad.5.That‟s what may constitute bad literature ‟s best defense at the Last Judgment.That may be the reason why there exist so many pieces of bad literature.6.Of course, there is no denying the pleasure of holding up with a fat, slow-moving, mediocre novel;but in the end, we read not for reading‟s sake but to learn.Of course, there is pleasure of some kind in reading a thick, lengthy and ordinary novel;but in the end, we do not read just for the sake of reading but read for learning something.there is no denying: it cannot be denied;one cannot deny the fact that e.g.There is no denying the enjoyment of a vacation after long period of hard work..There is no denying the fact that he is a faithful husband.7.Hence the need for the works that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possible focus.Hence, too, the need for some compass in the ocean of available printed matter.Therefore, we need to read works that reflect the puzzle of human beings.We also need some guidance in search of goodworks among all the books ever printed.bring … into focus: make something sharply visible;make something clear and understandable e.g.I adjusted the binoculars until I brought the bird sharply into focus.Please try to bring your major point into focus earlier in the essay.8.…he can have strong predilections for a certain kind of writing or simply be on the take with the publishing industry …he may have his own preference for a certain kind of writing or he may gain some profit from the publishing houses(by recommending books published by those publishing houses).on the take: taking or seeking to take bribes or illegal income;e.g.There were policemen on the take.The mayor is reported to have been on the take with the real estate enterprise.9.The alternative, therefore, would be to develop your own taste, to build your own compass, to familiarize yourself, as it were, with particular stars and constellations---dim or bright but always remote.Therefore, what you can do is develop your own judgment, establish your own criteria for guidance, familiarize yourself with particular authors or writers who may serve as guiders.These artists may be well or little known, but regardless they are always set apart.10.This, however, takes a hell of a lot of time and you may easily find yourself old and grey, heading for the exit with a lousy volume under your arm.However, this will take you a lot of time, so much so that when you are old and coming to the end of your life, you still cannot find the guidance for selecting good books and end up reading the ordinary ones.heading for the exit: coming to the end of one‘s lifelousy adj.: very bad;mean;contemptible;e.g.The food was lousy and there was not enough of it.He wrote only lousy poems.11.The source of the suggestion to come belongs to thecategory of people for whom literature has always been a matter of some hundred names;to the people who feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;the people who dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to heroin or marijuana.The source of the following suggestion belongs to those people for whom literature has always been just a list of some hundred authors;to those people who feel ill at ease at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find philosophical excuses for adultery, and are fussy about discussing politics;to those people who dislike themselves even more than those who belittle them do;to those people who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.12.“one will not find on the barricades and who never shoot themselves or their lover”.―those who won‘t be found to participate in street demonstrations and who never kill themselves or their lovers‖.13.If such people occasionally find themselves swimming in their blood on the floor of prison cells or speaking from a platform, it is because they object not to some particular injustice but the order of the whole world as a whole.If those people are found to be killed in a prison or are making a public speech on a platform, that‘s not becaus e they object to any specific injustice but because they are against the general order of the whole world.14.They have no illusions about the objectivity of their views;on the contrary, they insist on their unpardonable subjectivity.They are very clear that their views are not objective, and they stick to their subjective views even though it is inexcusable to do so.15.… they consider vulnerability the primary trait of living matter.… they think that susceptibility to injury orattack is the attribute of all living things.16.This has less to do with masochistic tendencies than with their instinctive knowledge that extreme subjectivity, prejudice, and indeed idiosyncrasy are what help art to avoid cliché.This is not because they have the tendency to derive pleasure from being abused, but because they instinctively believe that extreme subjectivity, prejudice and idiosyncrasy are the best ways for art to avoid being ordinary.17.I am no union man.I do not belong to any literary association.18.The point is that being the supreme form of human locution, poetry is not only the most concise way of conveying the human experience;it also offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation---especially one on paper.The point is that, as the most advanced form of human language, poetry is not only the most concise way of expressing the human experience, but it also sets up the highest standards for all other language forms, especially for the written language.19.A child of epitaph and epigram, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose.Derived from epitaph and epigram, poetry sets the standards for prose.20.It teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, the technique of anticlimax.It teaches prose not only the value of each word but also thinking patterns outside the linear composition, techniques of omitting self-evident parts, of emphasizing the details, and of the use of anticlimax.mercurial adj.: changeable;varying e.g.a mercurial natureShe has a mercurial turn of conversation.In Roman mythology, Mercury was a messenger, and a god of trade, profit and commerce.Mercury has influenced the name of a number ofthings in a variety of scientific fields, such as the planet Mercury, and the element mercury.The word mercurial is commonly used to refer to something or someone erratic, volatile or unstable, derived from Mercury's swift flights from place to place.knack n.: a special skill, talent, or ability;e.g.a knack for making clothesHe‘s got the knack of getting people to listen.anticlimax n: a disappointing decline after a previous rise e.g.It was sad that his international career should end so anticlimactically.21.Above all, poetry develops in prose that appetite for metaphysics which distinguishes a work of art from mere belles letters.Most important of all, poetry directs prose toward the metaphysical forms, and it is in this pursuit that good literature becomes distinguished from bad literature.22.All I am trying to do is to be practical and spare your eyesight and brain cells a lot of useless printed matter.All I am trying to do is to be of some practical use to you and help you avoid those useless books.spare v.: refrain from harming;save or relieve from an experience or action e.g.I can't spare him today we need everybody here.The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible.It was a horrible accident---I'll spare you the details.23.All you have to do is to arm yourselves with the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century, and you will be in great shape.All you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, especially the poets from the first half of this century, and you will gain the most from reading.be in shape: be in good health;strong and healthy;fit.e.g.Bob exercises frequently, so he's in good condition.If I were in shape, I could run faster and farther.I'm really overweight.I have to try to get into shape.24.If, after going through the works of any of these, you drop a book of prosepicked from the shelf, it won‟t be your fault.After you have read the works of any of these poets, if you cannot keep on reading a book of prose taken randomly from the bookshelf, it won‘t be your fault.(Here, the author implies thatthe prose does not measure up to the standards of the works of those poets.)25.If you continue to read it, that will be to the author‟s credit: that will mean that this author has something to add to the truth about our existence.If you can go on with the reading, the author, then, is worth reading, and it also means that this author has provided us with some truth about our lives.to sb.‟s credit: worthy of praise;in one‘s namee.g.It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found;your honesty does you credit.It is to my credit to help those in want.Key to Exercises prehension 1.Often books sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust./ Books remain on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has died.2.Because, according to the author, good literature is defined by its distinction from bad literature.That is to say, good literature is good because it is not bad, and bad literature is bad because it is not good.This is rather paradoxical.3.Since we are all moribund, and since reading books is time-consuming, we need a compass in the ocean of books.If we do not have such a compass, it is difficult for us to find the right books to read.4.a.he can be a hack, as ignorant as ourselves;b.he can have strong preference for a certain kind of writing or simply take bribery from the publishing house;c.he might turn his review writing into an independent art form.5.If he had been a publisher, he would be putting on the books‘ covers not only their authors‘ names but also the exactage at which they composed this or that work.By so doing, he would enable readers to decide whether they care to consider the views of a book written by a person so much younger or so much older than themselves.6.This group of people are special because literature has always been a matter of some hundred names to them, because they feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;because they dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;because they still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.These people w on‘t participate in demonstrations, and they won‘t shoot themselves or their lovers.7.These people are unpardonably subjective in their views.8.The author suggests that the best way to develop good taste in literature is to read poetry.In the authors point of view, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose and teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, and the technique of anticlimax.9.If you believe in what the author says, all you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century.10.It means that the book, which has added something to the truth about our existence, is worth reading.It would also mean, at the same time, that you have developed an incurable addiction to reading which is good for your life.II.Vocabulary 1.dimension 2.idiosyncratic 3.reckon 4.stance 5.lousy 6.paradox 7.debunk 8.disciplinary 9.semblance 10.vulnerableIII.Phrases 1.on the take 2.headed for 3.to his credit 4.putting…on;putting on 5.might as well 6.armed with 7.in more ways than one 8.act in IV.Error detection and correction 1.thegreatest problems 2.in which 改成 which 3.credited 改成 credited with 4.Greatly high 改成 High 5.stood改成 standing 6.any other student 7.as much 改成as many 8.Though remembered 9.considering 改成 to consider 10.that they got 改成did they getV.Cloze 1.shaped 2.desperate 3.objectivity 4.hierarchies 5.expected 6.chiefly 7.driven 8.unimpeachable 9.evaluate 10.perspective 11.industrial 12.affiliation 13.sponsors 14.support 15.acknowledgementText A 的参考译文论读书（赵亚莉译）总的来说，书本的寿命要比我们自己长。

第一单元II. Vocabularydimension paradox semblance lousy reckonStance vulnerability idiosyncrasy disciplinary debunk1.It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with anaccompanying concentration on the fictional genres.2.Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seemsappropriate to this book.3.But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being isrationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.4.The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both inthe number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.5.Sometimes it's difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from theconsequences of ________ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.6.It is the ultimate ________ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usualrules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.7.There are numerous ways to ________ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop andthink carefully about them.8. A governing, advisory, or ________ body of some colleges and universities composed offaculty members and sometimes student representatives.9.In spite of efforts to give some ________ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radicalimprovement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797. 10.People with disabilities and other ________ populations should develop their ownemergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level.III. Phrasesin more ways than one act in on the take (with) head formay (might) as well arm with to sb’s credit put on1.In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that ―industry is caught in a webof bribery‖ and that everyone is ―________‖.2.Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life— coaches and family — let out a deep, deep sigh and ________ the podium.3.Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increasein their net worth would be ________ in the eyes of his benefactors.4.The cupboards are useful for ______ a reading lamp ______, and of course a dressing table isimportant, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and ________ the make-up.nguage tests ________ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fullydemonstrate testees’ linguistic competence.6.An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruisemissiles ________ nuclear warheads.7.Venice is fragile ________; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.8.The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to ________ the best interests of itsholding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.V. Clozeexpect drive unimpeachable industrial evaluateperspective shape chiefly objectivity sponsoraffiliation hierarchies acknowledgment support desperateKnowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance.Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are ____1____ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, ____2____ moments, failings, and desires --- as well as insights, brilliance, ____3____, and successes. All of this comes into play.Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, ____4____ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are ____5____ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined ____6____ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often ____7____ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward ____8____ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to ____9____ what you read. Try to answer quest ions like these: what shaped the author’s intellectual ____10____? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, ____11____ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles?Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political ____12____? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial ____13____, etc.)? Who wrote ―jacket blurb s‖ in ____14_____ of the book?You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the ____15____, the bibliography, and the author’s biographical statement.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with?2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly acceleratedprogram for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty inexpressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。