非谓语知识点整理
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精选全文完整版非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
表语:主语/ 不定式和ing分词均能作主语,二者有何区别?表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的,多 1.用动名词。
作形式主2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末,用it语放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语:1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:帮……manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(want(想要) , refuse等。
助),决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,fancy, ……complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, getdown to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
分后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer 不定式表示具分词一般表示经常性的行为;词作宾语,意义上无多大区别(但ing。
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它可以用来修饰主语或宾语,增强句子的表达力和信息量。
在本文中,我将详细介绍非谓语动词的用法和一些常见的形式。
希望通过本文的阅读,读者能够更好地理解和运用非谓语动词,提高自己的英语写作水平。
一、非谓语动词的定义和分类非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分,但不具备谓语的功能。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制,也不受时态的影响。
根据其形式和功能的不同,非谓语动词可以分为动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,常用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to health.(吸烟对健康有害)- I enjoy swimming in the sea.(我喜欢在海里游泳)- His hobby is playing basketball.(他的爱好是打篮球)2. 不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词的原形加上to构成的形式,常用作动词、形容词或名词的补语。
例如:- He wants to buy a new car.(他想买一辆新车)- I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做)- The book is too heavy to carry.(这本书太重,无法携带)3. 分词(Participle)分词是动词的-ing形式(现在分词)或-ed、-en等形式(过去分词)构成的形容词,常用作定语、状语或补语。
例如:- The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈)- The broken vase has been repaired.(打破的花瓶已经修好了)- We were surprised by the exciting news.(令人兴奋的消息让我们感到惊讶)二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中具有独立的语法功能,可以用来修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等,以及构成复合句的各种从句。
非谓语知识点总结文库一、非谓语概述非谓语是指不表示谓语的动作、状态或性质,充当主谓宾补成分的动词形式。
非谓语包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语可以作状语、定语、宾语、表语等。
二、动词不定式1. 不定式的构成不定式是动词的一种独立形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to go,to play,to sing等。
2. 不定式的用法(1)作主语:To swim is good exercise.(2)作宾语:I want to go shopping.(3)作定语:I have a book to read.(4)作状语:He got up early to catch the first bus.(5)作表语:His duty is to help others.(6)在一些动词后面,如decide, hope, plan, want, agree等,to不定式作宾语补足语。
3. 不定式的否定形式在to后加not,构成否定形式,表示否定的含义。
例如:not to go, not to play。
4. 不定式的完成形式不定式的完成形式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
例如:He hopes to have finished the work by the end of the month.三、动名词1. 动名词的构成动名词是动词的一种特殊形式,由动词原形+ing构成。
例如:swimming,playing,singing等。
2. 动名词的用法(1)作主语:Swimming is good exercise.(2)作宾语:I enjoy swimming.(3)作定语:I have a swimming pool.(4)作状语:She left after finishing her homework.3. 动名词的否定形式在动名词前加not来构成否定形式。
例如:not swimming, not playing。
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,接下来是小编为您整理的非谓语动词知识点总结,希望对您有所帮助。
I.概述1.基本形式的变化:不定式:时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意:不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) (= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△ △△△动名词△△△ △不定式△△△△△△过去分词△ △△△注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
非谓语动词总结知识点一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成。
动词不定式在句子中可以作多种成分,具有名词的性质。
下面是动词不定式的主要用法:1. 作主语:To travel around the world is my dream.2. 作宾语:I want to study English.3. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.4. 作表语:My goal is to improve my English.5. 作状语:He goes to the library to study every day.当动词不定式作为宾语补足语时,它可以由动词原形构成(Bare Infinitive)。
例如:I saw him draw a picture yesterday. (我昨天看到他画了一幅画。
)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是由动词的现在分词形式加上动词-ing构成的。
动名词在句子中可以作多种成分,具有名词的性质。
下面是动名词的主要用法:1. 作主语:Reading is my hobby.2. 作宾语:I enjoy swimming in the ocean.3. 作定语:I like watching movies.4. 作表语:His favorite activity is playing basketball.5. 作状语:He left without saying goodbye.动名词与不定式的区别在于,动名词具有名词的性质,而动词不定式具有动词的性质。
例如:I like swimming. (我喜欢游泳。
)I like to swim. (我喜欢游泳。
)动名词与动词不定式作宾语时,有时可以根据动词选择使用不定式还是动名词。
例如:I stopped smoking. (我戒烟了。
非谓语的知识点总结一、不定式1. 不定式的构成不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,它的构成形式为to + 动词原形,例如:to go, to eat, to study等。
2. 不定式的用法(1)作目的:I study hard to pass the exam.(2)作目的状语:He came here to see you.(3)作结果:She is too young to understand.(4)表示动作的顺序:He got up early to catch the first bus.(5)作定语:There is a book to read.(6)作宾语:I want to buy a new car.3. 不定式的否定形式一般情况下,不定式前加not构成否定形式,也可以用形式动词+不定式的形式。
4. 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式构成为to have + 过去分词,通常表示已经发生的动作。
5. 不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态构成为to be + 过去分词。
二、动名词1. 动名词的构成动名词的构成方式为动词词干 + -ing,例如:making, playing, running等。
2. 动名词的用法(1)作主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(2)作宾语:I enjoy reading books.(3)作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.(4)作介词宾语:I am tired of waiting.(5)动名词的所有格形式:I remember her reading my letter.3. 动名词的否定形式一般情况下,动名词前加not构成否定形式。
4. 动名词的复合结构动名词能够和其他词语组成复合结构,例如:doing well, running fast等。
5. 句子中的动名词短语动名词短语是指由动名词构成的短语,在句子中起到名词的作用。
一、知识精讲考点一基本含义非谓语动词包括:现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词,它们在句中均不能作考点二重要用法1. 感官动词see, watch , observe , look at , hear , listen to , notice 等的宾补有四种形式,以注:下列动词在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:5看(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel)。
4. only + to do 指出乎意料的结果【例句】He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙到了车站,结果却发现火车已经出站了。
6. 序数词后用不定式(不用现在分词)作定语【例句】He is the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来教室的。
7. to do位于句首时,常相当于in order to do【例句】To catch the early bus, he got up early. 为了赶早班车,他起得很早。
二、难点聚点1. 分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。
【例句】When offered help, you should say" Thank you. "or "It's kind of you. "( =When you are offered help, you…)当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢。
”或“你真好。
”You should be careful while/when crossing the street. 过马路的时候小心点。
(=While/When you cross/ you are cross ing the street…)三、状元笔记解题思路1. 找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语间是什么关系(主动还是被动);2. 搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式(一般式还是完成式)考点三动名词的重要用法1. 动名词具有名词的特性:作主语、宾语、表语等,可用于介词后。
非谓语知识点简单总结一、不定式1、定义不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由动词原形加上“to”构成。
不定式可以用作动词的宾语、状语、定语或表语等。
例句:I want to go to the park with my friends.(动词的宾语)He decided to buy a new car.(动词的宾语)She is happy to see her son again.(动词的表语)2、不定式的用法a. 作动词的宾语:He likes to play basketball.(他喜欢打篮球。
)b. 作动词的状语:She woke up to find herself in a strange place.(她醒来发现自己在一个陌生的地方。
)c. 作动词的定语:I need a book to read.(我需要一本书来读。
)d. 作动词的表语:My dream is to travel around the world.(我的梦想是环游世界。
)二、动名词1、定义动名词是指动词的-ing形式,可用作名词的主语、宾语、定语或表语等。
例句:Swimming is good for your health.(游泳对您的健康有益。
)I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)2、动名词的用法a. 作名词的主语:Reading books is my hobby.(读书是我的爱好。
)b. 作名词的宾语:I like swimming.(我喜欢游泳。
)c. 作名词的定语:I have a listening test tomorrow.(我明天有听力考试。
)d. 作名词的表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.(她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
)三、动词-ing形式1、定义动词-ing形式是指动词的ing形式,可以用作形容词、动词或独立名词。
例句:I saw the girl sitting on the bench.(我看到那个坐在长凳上的女孩。
非谓语知识点总结一、非谓语动词的概念和分类非谓语动词是指不具有人称、数和时态的动词形式。
在句子中,非谓语动词一般用作其他动词或名词的补语、定语或状语。
按照其形式和功能的不同,非谓语动词可以分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。
1. 动词不定式动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以作主语、宾语、定语和状语。
作主语:To travel around the world is my dream.作宾语:He wants to buy a new car.作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking every day.作状语:He studied hard to pass the exam.2. 动名词动名词由动词加上-ing构成,可以作主语、宾语、定语和状语。
作主语:Reading is my favorite hobby.作宾语:She enjoys swimming in the sea.作定语:I like watching movies in my free time.作状语:He left the room without saying a word.3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,现在分词一般以-ing结尾,过去分词一般以-ed、en、t结尾,可以作定语、状语和补语。
现在分词作定语:The girl standing by the door is my sister.现在分词作状语:She came home, feeling tired and hungry.过去分词作定语:The film directed by him won the best picture award.过去分词作补语:I was surprised to see the door closed.二、非谓语动词的用法1. 动词不定式(1)作主语To leave now is the best decision.(2)作宾语I want to learn English well.(3)作定语I have a book to read.(4)作状语He works hard to support his family.2. 动名词(1)作主语Swimming is good for health.(2)作宾语I enjoy reading books in my free time.(3)作定语The boy standing there is my brother.(4)作状语He goes to the gym every day, practicing yoga.3. 分词(1)现在分词作定语The girl sitting next to me is my best friend.(2)现在分词作状语Smiling happily, she accepted the gift.(3)过去分词作定语The meal cooked by my mother tastes delicious.(4)过去分词作补语I was excited to hear the news announced by the principal.三、非谓语动词形式的转换1. 从动词不定式到动名词动词不定式to do可以变为动名词doing,例如:I like to swim.(动词不定式)I like swimming.(动名词)2. 从动名词到动词不定式动名词doing可以变为动词不定式to do,例如:We enjoyed singing together.(动名词)We enjoyed to sing together.(动词不定式)3. 从动词不定式到分词动词不定式to do可以变为现在分词doing和过去分词done,例如:He is busy with his work.(动词不定式)He is busy doing his work.(现在分词)He is busy done his work.(过去分词)四、非谓语动词的特殊用法1. 不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态结构为“to be + 过去分词”,例如:He is said to be a good student.2. 动名词的所有格形式动名词的所有格形式是在动名词后面直接加上“的”,例如:I remember his coming to see me.3. 分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和方式现在分词和过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和方式,例如:Being an experienced teacher, she knows how to deal with children. Having finished her homework, she went to bed.4. 动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作目的状语表示目的或结果,通常放在句子后面,例如:He ran fast to catch the bus.五、非谓语动词的练习1. 单项选择题(1)We should encourage the students ____ more exercise every day.A. doB. to doC. doingD. are doing(2)I enjoy _____ in the garden in my free time.A. to workB. workingC. worksD. worked(3)The news _____ by the teacher surprised everyone.A. announceB. announcingC. announcedD. to announce2. 填空练习(1)_____ up early in the morning, she went for a run.(2)He wants _____ to the school team next year.(3)She likes _____ to music in her room.3. 句子翻译(1)他想去看电影。
非谓语知识点总结高中在汉语语法中,非谓语是指不具备谓语功能的动词、形容词、副词的非独立使用形式,它不能单独在句子中担任谓语,而必须依附于别的词来表达意义,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语在句子中可以作定语、状语、宾语等。
一、动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,主要有三种用法:1. 作目的状语如:I went to the library to borrow some books.(我去图书馆借书。
)2. 作目的状语如:He is too young to drive.(他太年轻了,不能开车。
)3. 作宾语如:I like to play basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。
)二、动名词动名词是动词+ing构成的名词,主要有以下几种用法:1. 作主语如:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一种很好的锻炼。
)2. 作宾语如:She enjoys reading.(她喜欢阅读。
)3. 作宾语补足语如:I saw him crossing the street.(我看见他正在过马路。
)三、分词分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
分词主要有以下几种用法:1. 现在分词作状语如:Walking along the street, I found a wallet on the ground.(我沿着街走的时候,在地上发现了一个钱包。
)2. 现在分词作状语如:He heard a girl singing.(他听见一个女孩在唱歌。
)3. 过去分词作定语如:The broken window was replaced.(破碎的窗户被换掉。
)总之,非谓语作为一种重要的语法现象,在英语句子中具有广泛的应用,熟练掌握非谓语的用法对于提高英语语言水平是非常有帮助的。
非谓语知识点整理非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。
动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.(3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。
一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。
所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算begin开始expect期望appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装ask问need需要agree同意love爱volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek找,寻觅try试图2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使permit允许wish希望allow允许prefer喜欢,宁愿force强迫press迫使lead引起,使得teach教inspire鼓舞request请求bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求report报告command命令intend想要,企图show 显示drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练encourage鼓励want想要cause引起instruct指示require要求assist协助hate憎恶advise劝告help帮助deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄can't stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好favor 造成,偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止imagine设想,延期risk冒险keep保持practise 实行,实践suggest建议例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do打算,有意要…mean doing意味着7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)proposing doing建议(做某事)9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。
例如:I should like to see him tomorrow.10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。