非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。
表语：主语/ 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多 1.用动名词。作形式主2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it
语放在句首。1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语：1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：帮……manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(want(想要) , refuse等。助)，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：
practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise,
fancy, ……complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get
down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
分后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer 不定式表示具分词一般表示经常性的行为；词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing
。体的行为) 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on
(stop/remember/regret)to do/doing
mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）can't help to do / doing try to do/ doing be used to do / doing (used to do) ( get used to doing)
，主动表被动，deserve作“应受，应得”5.动词need, require, want作“需要”定语：分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义不定式、ing 和语态意义。分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的过去分词表示被动与完成；动作。表主动关no, all, any 等限定词的中心词，不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers.
Developing countries/ developed countries
补语：ask, advise, tell, force, to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：1.能接带get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit,
request,order, warn, cause等。”作补语。Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel 等后常用“to be....
E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有使役动词，感官动词接不带to 2.等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, make, let, havelisten to等。
make,
（使3）look at, see, watch, notice, observe（看5---“吾看三室两厅一感觉”◆
）主动不加to,被动加to）2听（listen to, hear）1感觉（feellet, have 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。3.
状语：的结果。”现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果不定式作结果状语时通常表示“in order/ so as to do目的：so...as to, ...enough to, only to..., too..to结果：等的表语原因：happy, glad, sorry, disappointed 独立主格：需在分词如果不一致，分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构。分词/不定式with/without+n/代词++构成：n/代词分词n/代词+不定式e.g.:The test finished, we began our holiday. I stood before her with my heart beating fast.
定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表
