下载文档原格式
Book8 Unit2 CloningReading内容：教学设计及反思_设计人：___Book8 Unit2 CloningPeriod 1 Reading设计人:教学整体设计思路在英语教学中“阅读理解能力”是学生从阅读中获取信息的能力以及对文章理解的速度和准确性的关键因素。
培养学生的阅读能力是课文阅读教学的主要目标，同时还要注意培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力，让学生学会利用相关的英语知识去解读英语阅读材料。
本节课是一节阅读课，设计过程如下：导入引出克隆这一话题--- 掌握段落大意（略读）---课文内容填空（精读）---重点知识点与句型---讨论---写作拓展。
教材里本单元内容，语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“克隆”这一中心话题设计的。
具体涉及“什么是克隆”, “克隆羊多利是如何诞生的”，“克隆的利与弊”等。
教师可在充分利用教材资源的基础上，结合学生的实际情况设计教学活动，旨在帮助学生有效地掌握阅读技巧，形成有效地学习方法和阅读策略，同时了解说明文篇章结构和写作特点，为下一步进行议论文的写作教学做好准备。
目标聚焦一、知识点初步理解、掌握克隆意为无性繁殖，克隆技术即为无性繁殖技术。
学习课文中关于克隆这一新生物技术的有关知识，学习分析课文中的长难句子，初步感知课文中出现的的本单元要学的语法现象。
二、能力点1、能理解文章主旨大意，获取信息、处理信息、进行推理判断和表达的能力。
2、形成分析篇章结构的能力，提升逻辑思维能力3、学会增加语言的输出量，提高语言表达能力。
4、能利用上下文猜测生词词义三、兴趣点21、利用已获取的信息发表自己对进行人类克隆问题的看法。
2、克隆技术日新月异，在教授本单元时，需随时关注其发展的最新动态。
（四）德育点认识克隆人的危害———对人类在伦理、道德、法律等方面造成的巨大影响，应给予抵制。
学习流程Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)Vocabulary（词汇预习）Preview the new words of this text.clone commercial producer undertake arbitrary object forbid accumulate bother regulation resist unable argument reasonable obtaincast down object to the media in favor of be bound to (do) from time to time pay off【设计意图】通过预习词汇为下一步的阅读扫清生词障碍。
Unit 2 CloningPart 1 Teaching Design第一部分教课方案Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (Revise the Appositive <words||，phrases and clauses>) IntroductionIn this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations|| ， and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: the appositive <words||， phrases and clauses>. The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING： WHERE IS IT LEADING US?；learning about appositive； building up on your word power ； discovering useful words and collocations ； discovering and distinguishing ； closing down by talking about cloning.ObjectivesTo help students revise the Appositive <words|| ， phrases and clauses>)To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and collocationsTo help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresProcedures1.Warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING： WHERE IS IT LEADING US?2.Learning about appositiveWhat is an Appositive?An appositive is a noun|| ， noun phrase||， or noun clause which follows a noun or pronoun and renames or describes the noun or pronoun. A simple appositive is an epithet like Alexanderthe Great. Appositives are often set off by commas.Example: We visited the home of Harriet Beecher Stowe|| ， the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. (The underlined portion is the appositive.)Appositive PhrasesAn appositive phrase is a type of noun phrase that follows the noun or pronoun it modifies andamplifies or restricts its meaning.Our monitor||， a careful reader and outspoken critic ||， will examine the article before it is handed to the headmaster. [The italicized phrase is an appositive.]Appositive phrases are similar to relative clauses; to avoid wordiness|| ， relative clauses can often be reduced to appositive phrases.3. Building up on your word powerTo build up on your word power you are to make sentences with the collocations from the text: CLONING ： WHERE IS IT L EADING US? You may try to include as many uses of the Appositive <words|| ， phrases and clauses> as possible.1.This is a way of learning English|| ， the most popular language in the word.2.People in the future will make an exact copy of themselves.3.We may grow human beings in a laboratory in the near future.4.They are identical in sex and appearance.5.This mysterious thing is produced from coals.6.The natural clones of these plants have two major uses||， one for eating||， one forreproduction.7.At all the time|| ， producing commercial quantities of concrete things is difficult.8.We are going on with our research on the cloning of animals.9.The determination and patience of students will be rewarded with a breakthrough in cloning.10.Following the progress of English development we shall come to a conclusion that thisworld language is becoming simpler in sentence structure.4. Discovering useful words and collocations.A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right"to native English speakers|| ， who use them all the time.Now you may go to page 13. Finish the four words and collocations exercises in groups of four.5. Discovering and distinguishingTo find out and write down all the examples of the Appositive <words||，phrases and clauses>) you are to read the text Cloning: Where is it leading us?The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging ．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Altogether Dolly lived for six years||， half the length of the life of the original sheep.Some more examples of the AppositiveMr. Smith|| ， our new teacher||， is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom||， a friend of my brother's.He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.Yesterday I talked to my English teacher|| ， Mr. James.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.He is interested in sports||， especially ball games.There are differences between appositive clauses and attributive clauses.●同位语从句只是出此刻belief||， conclusion||， doubt||， fact||， hope||， idea||， knowledge||，law||， message||， news||， notion||， order||， proof||， rumor||， sign||， suggestion||， theory||，thought 等抽象名词的后边 ||，用于进一步说明或解说该名词的内容 ||。
Unit 2 CloningⅢ. 教材分析和教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以Cloning为话题，旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解克隆技术的优缺点，学会表达和支持个人观点，能用所学的有关Cloning的词汇去表述自己对这一新技术的观点和看法。
1.1 Warming Up提供了四幅有关Dolly the sheep(多莉羊)，A strawberry plant(草莓植物)，Identical dogs(克隆狗) ，Twins（双胞胎婴儿）的图片，让学生用已有的知识和经验讨论对克隆技术的看法与观点。
1.2 Listening是关于人类克隆的听力材料，难度中等。
1.3 Speaking根据材料，四人小组合作，要求把自己对克隆婴儿的态度和感觉用相关的语言表达出来。
语言要得体，锻炼语段表达能力。
1.4 Pre-reading是Reading的热身活动，它要求采用与同学讨论交流的方式谈论有关克隆的相关知识。
1.5 Reading是一篇介绍克隆技术的说明文。
1.6 Comprehending第一题所给出的表格让学生根据课文内容列举克隆技术的优缺点；第二题让学生根据所拥有的知识来评价作者的观点；第三题要求学生用自己的语言阐述对克隆技术的观点并给出理由。
1.7 Learning about Language分词汇和语法两部分，其中Discovering useful words and expressions 是根据语境在运用中掌握词汇。
Discovering useful structures 是通过阅读和补全句子来练习。
1.8 Using Language中的Reading，Discussingand writing要求学生先读, 然后再完成四个任务型的作业，即 1. 讨论并回答三个问题；2. 讨论几种已经灭绝的动物，并且讨论哪种动物应该被恢复到这个世界上，并且给出理由；3. Listening and speaking 让学生根据所听到的内容选择并列出文中人物观点。
Unit2 CloningReading: CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?教课方案一、教材剖析本单元以Cloning 为话题，旨在经过单元教课，使学生认识克隆技术的优弊端，学会表达和支持个人看法，能用所学的相关Cloning 的词汇去表述自己对这一新技术的看法和见解。
”阅读”（ Reading）部分供给的资料CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?是一篇介绍克隆技术的说明文, 详细介绍了植物与动物克隆的差别，多利羊的出生与死亡及由此引起的争辩。
帮助学生进一步认识克隆的意义在于解决医学上的难题，为人类服务。
从话题内容上剖析，Warming Up与Reading相一致，从教材份量来说，可将Warming Up 和 Reading 整合在一同，设计成一节任务型“阅读课（精读课）”。
二、学情剖析我所带的两个班级的学生英语基础一般，平常较少阅读科学题材的文章, 知识面相对狭小，阅读理解这篇文章仍是有必定难度。
但学生的好奇心和学习接受能力比较强，能够部署学生课前上网或去图书室找出一些相关克隆的资料，并与多媒体相联合简单介绍克隆及克隆技术的一些知识，让学生有了必定的知识准备以利于很好的理解课文。
三、设计理念及教课目的这节课的主要目的是培育学生跳读和细读的阅读技巧，使学生学会正确剖析阅读问题，懂得从文章中找到要点句子摄入必需的信息，找出正确的答案。
我运用多媒体和学生搜寻资料主动参加学习相联合，设计了表格、问答题、判断题和信息整理题。
这不单提升学生的阅读技巧，也教会学生如何办理不一样的阅读问题。
四.教课目的 Teaching goals1. Target language目口号言a.要点词汇和短语clone ，commercial ， producer ，undertake ， arbitrary ， object ，forbid ，ac cumulate ，cast down ，object to ，the media ， in favor ofb.要点句子It is a way of⋯.The fact is that⋯.The question that concerned all scientists were:⋯.2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to describe cloning: What is the advantages of cloning？What is the problems or dangers of cloning？What is your opinion of cloning？3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to describe cloning.Teaching important points教课要点How to describe cloning.Teaching difficult point教课难点Help the students analyze the writing techniques of the article.Teaching methods教课方法Skimming, task-based method and debate method.Teaching aids教具准备A recorder, a projector and some slides.Teaching procedures & ways教课过程与方式Step 1 Lead-in（3分钟）Show three cartoon pictures about cloning to arise students’interest s, then raise the question:1.What is cloning?2.Do you want to be cloned or not? why?经过展现图片和发问，激发学生对克隆技术的兴趣和气奇心，启迪学生展望课文的内容，以便经过阅读考证自己的推断。
Unit 2 CloningThe First Period warming upAims1. Talk about cloning2. Practice expressing and supporting an opinionContentsTask one: Looking and speakingIn pairs, look at the pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.A.Dolly the sheepB. A strawberry plantC.TwinsD. Identical dogsTask two: Questions about cloningWhat is a clone?How is a clone produced?What benefits can humans gain from cloning?What problems may arise when humans are cloned?Task three: Free talkIn pairs, discuss what you understand about cloning, then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another.1. Should we clone human?2. Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?3. Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness?The Second Period ReadingAims:1. Help the Ss to know how to describe cloning and how to catch the details of the text.2. Activate the Ss to show their opinions about the cloning and enable the Ss to write and article on this debate.Contents:Leading in by revision.Task one: Fast readingWhat is a clone?Show the following.1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. (F. e xact… another)2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.(T.)3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.(F. more than)4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. (T.)5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.(T)Task two: Careful readingRead the text again, try to answer the following questions and find out the main idea of each paragraph .Questions:1. What‟s the main idea of the text?2. How many years did the sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably live?3. Why did the Cloning of Dolly the sheep succeed?4. What does the word …straightforward‟ mean in the second paragraph?5. What is the writer‟s attitude toward cloning in this passage?The main idea of each paragraph:Para. 1 Cloning is a way of making an copy of another animal and plant.Para. 2 Cloning has two major uses.Para. 3 The problems of Dolly.Para. 4 The effect of Dolly.Para. 5 It is forbidden to clone human being.Task three: Notes for debating: Should we use cloning?Argument for cloning:Cloning will be beneficial to humansWe could use cloning to cure illnesses.Arguments against cloning:healthy risks form mutation of genesemotional risksagainst naturerisk of abuse of the technologyCloned animals get ill and die quite young;The Third Period Language PointsAims:1. Enable the Ss to grasp the words of cloning.Get the Ss to master some useful expressions.Contents:1. differ v.1) “To be dissimilar or unlike in nature, quality, amount, or form”eg：Ambition differs from greed.2) “To be of a different opinion; disagree”eg：The critic differed with the author on several facts.2. exact adj. “Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality”eg：an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.3. commercial adj. 1) “Of or relating to commerce” 2) “Engaged in commerce‟eg：a commercial loan; a commercial attaché; a commercial trucker.4. straightforward adj. 1) “honest‟ 2) “easy to understand”eg: a ~ explanation; written in ~ language; a ~ problem in algebra5. procedure n.1) …A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something‟eg：complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.2) “A series of steps taken to accomplish an end”6. undertake v.1) “To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do”eg：undertake a task.2) “To pledge or commit (oneself) to‟eg：undertake oneself to care for an elderly relative.7. breakthrough n.1) “An act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction.”2) …A military offensive that penetrates an enemy's lines of defense‟eg: a ~ in cancer research8. disturb v. “break the quiet, calm and peace‟eg: She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping boy.Don‟t ~ the papers on my desk.9. arbitrary adj.1) “Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason”eg：stopped at the first motel we passed, an arbitrary choice; arbitrary division of the group into halves.2) “Based on or subject to individual judgment or preference”eg：The diet imposes overall calorie limits, but daily menus are arbitrary.10. altogether adv.1) “Entirely; completely; utterly”eg：lost the TV picture altogether; an altogether new approach.2) “With all included or counted; all told”eg：There were altogether 20 people at the dinner.11. objection n. “The act of objecting”eg: He has a strong ~ to getting up early.~s to the plan will be listened to sympathetically.12. media n. 媒体eg: The running for president drew the ~‟s attention.Now the press is an useful media.13. moral adj.1)“Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness”eg：moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.2) “Teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of character”eg：a moral lesson.14. accumulate v. “To gather or pile up”eg: By buying ten books every month, he soon ~d a library.Dust soon ~s if the room is not swept.15. forbid v.1) “To command (someone) not to do something”eg：I forbid you to go.2) “To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit”eg：forbid smoking on trains.The Forth period Learning about language and Using languageAims:Let the Ss know more about the cloning.Improve the students‟ listening, reading and writing ability.Contents:Task one: gap fillingplete the sentences using suitable words or phrases from the prevision sections.2.Rewrite the sentences using words of similar meaning to replace the underlined words.e the words and phrases below to fill in the passage.Task two: reading and discussing1.Read the passage and answer the questions.2.In pairs, discuss which extinct animals described below (which died out less than 10,000 yearsago) are worth restoring by means of cloning.a. Auroch (1627)b. Dodo bird (1755)c. Great auk (1844)d. Quagga (1883)Task three: listening and writing1.Read the statements before listening. Tick those that you hear.2.Listen to the tape again and then work with a partner to fill in the chart on page 17.3.Whose idea do you agree with according to the listening materials? Get ready to write acomposition. Think about the reasons for your point of view. Use your own ideas as well as those in the text.。
![[高中英语]2017年高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit2CloningPeriod6 Word版含解析](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/0e896d2a9b6648d7c1c746a2.png)
Unit 2CloningPeriod 6Summing Up,Learning Tip and Assessment整体设计教学内容分析This is the last teaching period of this unit,so the emphasis should be placed on going over and summarizing what has been learned in this unit.It includes the following parts：Summing Up,Learning Tip,Checking Yourself and some other consolidation exercises.Summing Up summarizes the whole unit from the aspects of content,words,expressions and structures.The teacher can first use this part to let students sum up what they have learned in this unit and then let them find out what they can't understand very well.Learning Tip gives students instructions on listening to native speakers.It is very important for English learners,because listening to native speakers can improve the learners' accent and correct mistakes in their grammar.Checking Yourself on Page 61 in the Workbook aims at encouraging students to make a self-assessment after they finish learning this unit.It is very important to improve their learning.Of course,a testing assessment is also needed.In this period,the teacher can also provide more practice to consolidate what students have learned in this unit.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1．To get students to master all the useful new words and expressions in this unit.2．To have students understand the grammar item “the appositive” better,and enable them to use the sentence patterns correctly.3．To develop the students' ability to use the important language points in this unit.Process and methodsDesign some additional exercises for students to do in order that they can learn to use and grasp all the contents.Emotion,attitude and value1．To encourage students to learn more about cloning.2．To inspire the students to develop their sense of science and sense of morals by discussing the issue of cloning.教学重点、难点Using what they have learned in this unit to solve real problems.教学过程Step 1Revision1．Check the homework exercises.2．Dictate some useful new words and expressions in this unit.Step 2Lead-inAsk the students to turn to Page 18.Think about what they have learned in this unit and tick the boxes to see how well and how much they have learned them.Step 3Summing upFive minutes for the students to summarize what they have learned in this unit by themselves.Then check and explain something where necessary.Suggested answers：Summing upContent I enjoyed learning about some information about cloning,including natural clones,man-made clones,the history of clones and the chance of cloning extinct animals such as dinosaurs.Show the exercises on the screen or give out exercise papers.Ⅰ．句型转换1．He ordered that the work should be started at once.He ______ ______ ______ that the work should be started at once.2．The bad news made everyone in the classroom discouraged.The bad news ______ ______ everyone in the classroom.3．Tom and Peter are identical in appearance.Tom and Peter ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ each other.4．Most of the people in the company don't agree with her business plan.Most of the people in the company ______ ______ her business plan.5．He said clearly that he will not give in.He ______ ______ clear that he will not give in.Ⅱ．短文填空阅读文章,掌握大意,按所给的首字母填出所缺的单词.Reproductive cloning is intended to produce a c__1__of an existing a__2__ or a plant.Reproductive cloning of animal is a__3__ for technology and farming as well as for cloning e__4__ animals.But reproductive cloning of human beings is specifically f__5__ by law in most c__6__.Therapeutic（治疗的）cloning is to produce a health copy of a s__7__ person's tissue or organ for transplant in order to save the lives of those who would d__8__ without it.This t__9__ would be many times better than r__10__ on organ transplants from other people.The tissue or organ would have the sick person's original DNA.Ⅲ．翻译句子1．想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐立不安.____________________ to think of her alone in that big house.2．你下了这么大工夫,考试绝对没问题.You've done so much work—you ____________________ pass the exam.3．听说考试不及格,乔治很沮丧.Since he heard of his failure in the examination,George has been very ___________.4．农场新鲜的空气治好了他的头痛.The fresh air on the farm ______ him ______ his headache.5．他据理力争支持罢工.He argued ____________________ the strike.Suggested answers：Ⅰ．1．gave an order2．cast down3．look exactly the same as4．object to5．made itⅡ．1．copy2．animal3．allowed4．endangered5．forbidden6．countries7．sick 8．die9．technique10．relyingⅢ．1．It bothers me2．are bound to3．cast down4．cured；of5．in favour ofStep 5Learning tipAsk the students to turn to Page 18.Read through the passage and make sure they understand it.Encourage them to do as the passage tells because if they are doing so they will improve their accent and obtain a lot of information,which is of great help to their English learning.Step 6AssessmentChecking Yourself（on Page 61 in the Workbook）First get the students to think about these questions individually.Then they can discuss in groups sharing each other's experience.The teacher can join in and give them advice and suggestions where necessary.Testing assessmentⅠ.Multiple choice1．What do you think his proposal ______ we ______ a play at the English party?A．what；put up B．that；put on C．which；put up D．that；put off 2．I want to ______ a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.A．ask B．reply C．rise D．raise3．Most people are ______ bringing down house prices because they are too high for them.A．in favour of B．in honour of C．in search of D．in charge of4．If you ______ this task,you must be ready to suffer from hardship.A．apply B．experience C．undertake D．command5．I really appreciate that your help is of great ______.A．useful B．value C．important D．worth6．Sheep can provide us ______ wool,______ is known to us all.A．for；that B．for；which C．with；which D．with；that7．Can you imagine what problem may ______ when human beings are cloned?A．raise B．cause C．arise D．lead8．She is too fat,but she can't ______ sweets.A．remove B．resist C．reject D．object9．It is widely accepted that animals learn to do things because their certain acts lead to ______.A．rewards B．prize C．awards D．results10．______ is known to us all that London will host the 2012 Olympic Games.A．Which B．This C．That D．It11．He made a promise ______ he would help me.A．that B．which C．whether D．why12．It will not be ______ we can meet again.A．long before B．before longC．soon after D．shortly after13．Children can ______ a lot ______ this new kind of school system.A．benefit；from B．benefit；with C．change；from D．lose；from 14．The postal service announced on Tuesday it has made a significant ______ in getting machines to read handwriting.A．progress B．breakthrough C．impression D．difference15．The news has ______ people all over the country ______ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.A．inspired；which B．inspiring；thatC．inspired；that D．inspiring；whichⅡ．Writing日前,央视和一些地方电视台开始在节目中屏蔽外文缩略词,例如“NBA”、“F1”等,取而代之的是“美国职业篮球联赛”、“一级方程式赛车锦标赛”等中文全称.此外,“GDP”、“WTO”、“CPI”等词也进入避用范围.此举在社会上引起了热议,支持者和反对者各执其理.对此你有什么看法？请用英语写一篇120～150词的短文,发表自己的观点.参考词汇：英文缩略词English abbreviations________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answers：Ⅰ．1-5 BDACB6-10 CCBAD11-15 AAABCⅡ．Recently CCTV and some local TV stations have stopped using English abbreviations in their programs,such as “NBA”,“F1” and so on.These words must be replaced by the Chinese full names.Different people have different opinions about the practice.Some people think it is a proper measure,because it can keep our Chinese language pure.Besides,Chinese full names are easier to be understood by ordinary people,especially the illiterate ones.But some other people are against the practice.They think that some English abbreviations,such as “NBA”,“GDP”,“WTO” and so on are popular all ov er the world and they are easier to speak and write.In my opinion,language is mainly a convention.Now that most people are using these terms in our daily life,it proves that they are practical and dynamic.We should respect social customs,rather than remove them by enforcement.Step 7Homework1．Finish off the Workbook exercises.2．Review and summarize what you have learned in Unit 2.Step 8Reflection after teaching________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
Unit 2Cloning单元要览本单元的中心话题是“克隆”,即无性繁殖.1997年英国罗斯林研究所试验成功的克隆羊多莉是首次利用体细胞克隆成功的,它在生物工程史上揭开了新的一页.本单元具体内容涉及“什么是克隆”、“克隆羊多莉是如何诞生的”、“克隆的利与弊”等.通过本单元的教学,可以帮助同学们了解两种不同的克隆——自然克隆与人工克隆,克隆是如何产生的,人类从克隆中可以得到什么好处,克隆人可能带来什么问题,等等,同时可以引发他们对于克隆动物健康的关注以及对于克隆技术发展前景的思考等.Reading and Comprehending整体设计教学内容分析This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of Cloning：Where Is It Leading Us? It talks about what is cloning,the uses of cloning and different ideas about cloning.Warming Up gives four pictures to help students understand what is cloning and the types of cloning.Then they will be led to discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made,and think about how they differ.This part is designed to help the students to recall their background knowledge about cloning and prepares students for the whole unit.Pre-reading provides a table “Questions about cloning” and let students discuss what they understand about cloning.Then students can list the questions they want to find out and share their lists with one another.The aim of this part is for students to examine their concept of cloning and discuss what they know about the procedure to produce man-made ones.The aim of Reading is to introduce students to the procedure of animal cloning and the life of Dolly the sheep.It is a factual piece of writing.It explains some of the reasons why cloning is still controversial.Comprehending consists of three written or oral exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text,that is to say,to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1．To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases in this period：differ（不同；相异）,exact（精确的,准确的）,twin（双胞胎之一）,commercial（商业的；贸易的）,straightforward（简单的；直接的；坦率的）,undertake（着手；从事；承担）,pay off （得到好结果；取得成功；偿清）,breakthrough（突破）,procedure（程序；步骤；手续）,carrier （携带者；搬运工；运输工具）,cast down（沮丧；不愉快）,altogether（总共；完全地）,arbitrary （任意的）,correction（改正；修正；纠正）,objection（不赞成；反对；异议）,medium/media （媒介；手段；工具）,obtain（获得；赢得）,attain（获得；到达）,moral（道德的；伦理的）,conservative（保守的；守旧的）,forbid（禁止；不准）,accumulate（积累；聚积）,in favour of（赞成；支持）2．To learn about some facts and views about cloning.3．To learn how the information is organized.4．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.5．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about cloning.Process and methods1．While doing Warming Up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by showing students some pictures or videos about cloning,making the students recall their own knowledge about cloning.2．During Pre-reading the teacher can let students discuss the questions in groups.This discussion should be student-centered and lead them to the content of Reading.3．While doing Reading and Comprehending,the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea.After detailed reading of the passage,students are encouraged to discuss the writer's point of view.4．To consolidate the contents of the reading passage,the students should be required to retell the text in their own words at the end of the class.Emotion,attitude and value1．To make students realize the benefit of cloning and the harm of cloning.2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning and competition.教学重点、难点1．To enable the students to learn about cloning and to develop their reading ability.2．To enable the students to talk about what we should do to deal with cloning properly.教学过程Step 1Warming upThe topic “cloning” is difficult for students.So the teacher should help the students learn more about it.In class the teacher can talk as follows.“Do you enjoy watching TV series？Have you ever seen Journey to the West？It tells howMonk Tang went to the Western Heaven to acquire scriptures.In this series,Monkey King plays an important part.He has seventy-two transformations.He can change his looks exactly the same as another one,which helps him overcome lots of difficulties on the way to the Western Heaven.But nowadays,you can imagine how rapidly the modern science and technology develop.I think most of you must know something about space traveling.Human beings can do what Monkey King could do or even could not do.In recent years,a hot topic,cloning,is often mentioned,especially when the clone Dolly the sheep appeared.Cloning technologies have been around much longer than Dolly,though.First things first,what is cloning？It sounds very different and complicated to us.In fact,I mean,in our daily life,this happens often.For example,gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.You often see that your mother picks a small branch from a growing plant to make a new one.If she likes this kind of flowers,she can do cloning.Cloning also happens in animals or human beings when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.The possibility of human cloning,raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute create d the muchcelebrated sheep “Dolly”,aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.Look at the pictures and discuss how natural clones and man made clones differ.”Step 2Pre-readingBefore class,ask the students to search for some information about cloning.Now show the questions on the screen,and then let them work in pairs and discuss about cloning.Ask the studentsfew minutes,ask students what is the writer's opinion about cloning.If they can't give their answers,ask them to read the article quickly to find answers to the questions.Suggested answers：1．A clone is an animal or plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.2．This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones and when small parts of a plant are taken and grown in a laboratory.It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.3．It can help cure disease and can help couples who can't bear a new baby.4．（1）People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever.（2）People may want to clone dead children.（3）People may want to clone their favourite pets.5．I do not think we should,for it may cause many moral problems.6．No.Because cloned human has the same quality as the real human while natural born baby's quality is higher than his parents.7．No.The cloned baby also has the disease.Step 3Reading and comprehendingGet the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students form a good habit of reading.1．Fast readingShow the following questions on the screen.Ask students to read the passage quickly and tell2．Careful reading（1）Ask students to read the text again and find out the main idea of each paragraph.Paragraph 1：________________________________________Paragraph 2：________________________________________Paragraph 3：________________________________________Paragraph 4：________________________________________Paragraph 5：________________________________________Suggested answers：Paragraph 1：Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.Paragraph 2：Cloning has two major uses.Paragraph 3：The problems of Dolly.Paragraph 4：The effect of Dolly.Paragraph 5：It is forbidden to clone human beings.（2）Show the following exercises on the screen and ask students to read the text again and find the answer to each question.①The main idea of the text is ______.A．animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the worldB．animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbiddenC．animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was bornD．animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future②Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text?A．Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.B．Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C．Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D．Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.③The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep B because ______.A．it provides the egg cell B．it gives birth to the lambC．it provides the nucleus D．it is a female sheep④An original sheep most probably lives ______ years.A．3B．6 C．9D．13⑤Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A．Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B．Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C．There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D．Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.⑥Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?A．Cloning can be used for medical purposes.B．Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C．Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.D．Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.⑦We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______.A．The normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.B．Dolly's serious disease and final death disturbed everyone in the world.C．Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.D．There were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.⑧What is the writer's attitude toward cloning in this passage?A．The writer is against cloning.B．The writer is in favour of cloning.C．The writer does not state any personal opinion about cloning.D．The writer is in agreement with cloning.Suggested answers：DACD DCDCStep 4Language studyDeal with language problems if any（words or sentences students might not understand）to help the students have a better understanding of the text.Step 5Listening,reading aloud and underliningAsk students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them down in their notebooks after class as homework.Collocations：quantities of,pay off,on the one hand,on the other hand,be appropriate to,have a great impact on,at present,etc.Step 6Homework1．Read the text carefully after class and learn the useful new words and expressions in this period by heart.2．Try to find some data about cloning on the Internet,and show your class in the next period and talk about them.Step 7Reflection after teaching________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________教学参考Ⅰ．Cloning（克隆）Cloning in biology is the process of similar producing populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria,insects or plants reproduce asexually.Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments （molecular cloning）,cells（cell cloning）,or organisms.The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software.The term clone is derived f rom κλνοs,the Greek word for “trunk,branch”,referring to the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig.In horticulture,the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century；the final e came into use t o indicate the vowel is a “long o” instea d of a “short o”．Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context,the spelling clone has been used exclusively.Ⅱ．Molecular cloning（分子克隆）Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple copies of a defined DNA sequence.Cloning is frequently used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes,but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters,non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA.It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.Occasionally,the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest,such as in positional cloning.In practice,localization of the gene to a chromosome or genomic region does not necessarily enable one to isolate or amplify the relevant genomic sequence.To amplify any DNA sequence in a living organism,that sequence must be linked to an origin of replication,which is a sequence of DNA capable of directing the propagation of itself and any linked sequence.However,a number of other features are needed and a variety of specialized cloning vectors（small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted）exist that allow protein expression,tagging,single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations.Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps：1．fragmentation—breaking apart a strand of DNA2．ligation—gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence3．transfection（转染）—inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells4．screening/selection—selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNAAlthough these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected,these are summarized as a ‘cloning strategy’．Initially,the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size.Subsequently,a ligation procedure is used where the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector（piece of DNA）．The vector（which is frequently circular）is linearised using restriction enzymes,and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase（连接酶）．Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells.A number of alternative techniques are available,such as chemical sensitivation of cells,electroporation,optical injection and biolistics.Finally,the transfected cells are cultured.As the aforementioned procedures are of particularly low efficiency,there is a need to identify the cells that have been successfully transfected with the vector construct containing the desired insertion sequence in the required orientation.Modern cloning vectors include selectable antibiotic resistance markers,which allow only cells in which the vector has been transfected,to grow.Additionally,the cloning vectors may contain color selection markers,which provide blue/white screening on X-gal medium.Nevertheless,these selection steps do not absolutely guarantee that the DNA insert is present in the cells obtained.Further investigation of the resulting colonies must be required to confirm that cloning was successful.This may be accomplished by means of PCR,restriction fragment analysis and/or DNA sequencing.Ⅲ．Cloning in stem cell research（干细胞克隆研究）Somatic cell nuclear transfer,known as SCNT,can also be used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes.The most likely purpose for this is to produce embryos for use in stem cell research.This process is also called “research cloning” or “therapeutic cloning.” The goal is not to create cloned human beings（called “reproductive cloning”）,but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat disease.While a clonal human blastocyst has been created,stem cell lines are yet to be isolated from a clonal source.Organism cloning（also called reproductive cloning）refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism,genetically identical to another.In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction,where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species,including most plants and some insects.Scientists have made some major achievements with cloning,including the asexual reproduction of sheep and cows.There is a lot of ethical debate over whether or not cloning should be used.However,cloning,or asexual propagation,has been common practice in the horticultural world for hundreds of years.Ⅳ．Dolly the Sheep（多莉羊）Dolly,a Finn-Dorset ewe,was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell.She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she was six.Her stuffed remains were placed at Edinburgh's Royal Museum,part of the National Museums of Scotland.Dolly was publicly significant because the effort showed that the genetic material from a specific adult cell,programmed to express only a distinct subset of its genes,can be reprogrammed to grow an entire new organism.Before this demonstration,it had been shown by John Gurdon that nuclei from differentiated cells could give rise to an entire organism after transplantation into an enucleated egg.However,this concept was not yet demonstrated in a mammalian system.Cloning Dolly the sheep had a low success rate per fertilized egg；she was born after 237 eggs were used to create 29 embryos,which only produced three lambs at birth,only one of which lived.Seventy calves have been created and one third of them died young；Prometea took 277 attempts.Notably,although the first clones were frogs,no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell.There were early claims that Dolly the Sheep had pathologies resembling accelerated aging.Scientists speculated that Dolly's death in 2003 was related to the shortening of telomeres,DNA-protein complexes that protect the end of linear chromosomes.However,other researchers,including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly,argue that Dolly's early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process.Though Dolly was the first cloned mammal,the first vertebrate to be cloned was a tadpole in 1952.Ⅴ．Ethical issues of cloning（克隆引起的伦理问题）Although the practice of cloning organisms has been widespread for several thousands of years in the form of horticultural cloning,the recent technological advancements that have allowed for cloning of animals（and potentially humans）have been highly controversial.The Catholic Church and many religious organizations oppose all forms of cloning,on the grounds that life begins at conception.Conversely,Judaism does not equate life with conception and,though some question the wisdom of cloning,Orthodox rabbis generally find no firm reason in Jewish law and ethics to object to cloning.From the standpoint of classical liberalism,concerns also exist regarding the protection of the identity of the individual and the right to protect one's genetic identity.Gregory Stock is a scientist and outspoken critic against restrictions on cloning research.Bioethicist Gregory Pence also attacks the idea of criminalizing attempts to clone humans.The social implications of an artificial human production scheme were famously explored in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World.On December 28,2006,the U．S.Food and Drug Administration（FDA）approved the consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals.Cloned-animal products were said to be virtually indistinguishable from the non-cloned animals.Furthermore,companies would not be required to provide labels informing the consumer that the meat comes from a cloned animal.Critics have raised objections to the FDA's approval of cloned-animal products for human consumption,arguing that the FDA's research was inadequate,inappropriately limited,and of questionable scientific validity.Several consumer-advocate groups are working to encourage a tracking program that would allow consumers to become more aware of cloned-animal products within their food.Joseph Mendelson,legal director of the Center for Food Safety,said that cloned food still should be labeled since safety and ethical issues about it remain questionable.Carol Tucker Foreman,director of food policy at the Consumer Federation of America,stated that FDA does not consider the fact that the results of some studies revealed that cloned animals have increased rates of mortality and deformity at birth.（以上材料均来源于：/wiki/Cloning）。
Unit 2 CloningThe Second Period ListeningTeaching goals1. Target languagea. 词汇和短语cloning, attitude, medicine, organsb. 重点句子I agree with...How would you do...?Do you think...?2. Ability goalsLet the students focus on the different attitude towards cloning technology.3. Learning ability goalsTeach the students how to get the specific information.Teaching important pointsListen to the materials about cloning and choose the correct answers.Teaching difficult pointsWork together with partners and show their own opinions.Teaching methodsListening and cooperative learning.Teaching aidsA tape recorder.Teaching procedures & waysStep I Revision1. Greetings2. RevisionStep Ⅱ Pre-listeningWork in groups to discuss how we should behave towards the human clones.T: Before human clones become part of our life, perhaps we should spend some time thinking about how we should behave towards them. Now, work in groups to discuss the following questions.Show the following.1. How would you treat human clones?2. Do you think they should have legal and political rights, such as getting married or voting?3. Do you think they are separate people or part of the original donor?Sample answers:1. I will treat them as normal people.2. Yes, I think they should have the legal and political rights.3. I think they are separate people.Step Ⅲ ListeningThe students are asked to read fast the questions and multiple answers to find out the listening points first, and then listen to the tape twice to choose the best answer.T: Please open your books at page 54. Before you listen to the tape, please read fast the questions and multiple answers to find out the listening points. Pay more attention to these important points while listening. While listening, you’d better make notes of the listening points.A few minutes later.T: Now, I’ll play the ta pe twice. Please listen carefully and pay more attention to the important points. You may make notes while listening. Notes taking are helpful for you to remember each of the important points. After listening twice, check the answers and explain some difficult listening points if necessary.Step Ⅳ Listening task (P57) (时间不足时改为作业)First, ask the students to read these sentences and then listen to the tape and decide if they are facts or opinions.T: Now turn to page 57, there’re 10 questions. You should for m the habit of going through the questions and the answers to get the important listening points. Yes? And make notes if necessary. OK?Play the recording and then check the answers with the class.Sample answers:Arguments for cloning pets:1. Favorite pets can live forever as clones.2. It is moral to clone pets for their owners.Arguments against cloning pets:1. Many people don’t agree with cloning.2. Some people think that cloning pets is selfish.HomeworkT: Boys and girls, today we have listened to some materials about cloning. I do hope you can listen to the materials again after class so that you can get very familiar with them. Besides, please preview the reading. Now class is over. Goodbye, everyone. Ss: Goodbye, sir / madam.。
人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 2 Cloning》教案人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 2 Cloning》教案【一】教学准备教学目标一、语言知识目标初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。
二、阅读技能目标1. 能获取和处理文章中的主要信息。
2. 能够掌握文中出现的重要的语言知识三、学习策略目标掌握速读、略读、猜测词义等阅读策略。
四、情感态度目标让学生认识到克隆的利和弊。
五、文化意识目标了解克隆，正确地利用克隆技术来为人类服务。
教学重难点初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。
教学过程Step 1 Daily reportOne student comes to the front and gives a report about advantages and disadvantages of science and technology.Step 2 leading-inThe teacher shows some pictures and starts a discussion about cloning.Step 3 SkimmingTask 1: Whats the main idea of the passage? Task 2: Match the main idea with each paragraph Para 1: A. Peoples attitude towards cloning. Para 2: B. The problems of Dolly.Para 3: C. The impact of Dolly.Para 4: D. Two major uses and the procedure of cloning.Para 5: E. The definition(定义)of cloning.Step 4 ScanningTask 1. Look through Para 2 and answer the following questions.(1) What are the two major uses of cloning?(2) Which one is easier, to make plant clones or animal clones?Task 2. Look through Para 3 and fill in the chart. Task 3. Do the following translation and word guessing.(1). Translation:On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(2). The word controversial in paragraph 4 probably means_________.A. complicatedB. arguableC. importantD. valuableTask4. Do the following Tor F questions based on Paragraph 5.1. People feared some evil leaders might use cloning to reach their goal.2. All the research into cloning will be forbidden.3. Religious leaders are in favor of human cloning.Step 5 Enjoy beautiful sentences1. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.2. At last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off.3. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Step 6 Question and answerThis part is for students to find if they still have questions. If there is any, they can ask their classmates to help them.Step 7 QuizNote: This part is very challenging. In the picture there are five numbers. Students can choose their lucky number and answer questions. Most of the questions are based on what they have learned in class.Step 8. Test yourselfFill in the blank with proper words.Cloning is a way of _______ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is _______ gardeners use it to produce plants. The ______ is that it is valuable for medical research on animals. ________, the process of cloning is difficult ___________ (undertake).The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole _________ (science) world follow its progress, though it had ________ problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dollys appearance _______ (raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact ______ the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it. However, scientists still wonder ______ cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.Step 9 DebateTopic: Are you for or against cloning?课后小结HomeworkWrite a passage entitled My view on cloning.课后习题评测练习主要有两个。
Unit 2CloningPeriod 2Language Study整体设计教学内容分析The emphasis of this period will be placed on the important new words,phrases and sentence patterns in Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language.There are altogether 44 new words and phrases in these five parts.8 of them are marked with triangles,which shows that the students needn't learn them by heart.It is enough to recognize them when meeting them while reading the passage.The other 36 should all be remembered,among which the following words and expressions are even more important：straightforward,cast down,altogether,in favour of,compulsory,owe,retire,differ,undertake,pay off,object,objection,obtain,forbid.They are all very useful and important.We ought to pay more attention to them.三维目标设计Knowledge and skillsTo get the students to learn to use the following important new words and phrases freely：straightforward,cast down,altogether,in favour of,compulsory,owe,retire,differ,undertake,pay off,object,objection,obtain,forbid.Process and methods1．To help the students understand the meanings of the above useful new words and expressions in the context,and then give some explanations about them,and at last offer some exercises to make students master their usages.2．At the end of the class,make students do more exercises for consolidation.In doing so,they can learn,grasp and use these important language points well.Emotion,attitude and value1．To stimulate students' interest in learning English.2．To develop students' sense of cooperation and teamwork.教学重点、难点1．Important new words and expressions：differ,undertake,pay off,object,objection,obtain,forbid.2．Some difficult and long sentences in the text.教学过程Step 1Revision1．Check the homework exercises.2．Ask some students to talk about cloning.Step 2Reading and findingGet students to read through Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehending and Discovering useful words and expressions in Learning about Language to underline all the new words and useful expressions or collocations in these parts.Read them aloud and copy them down in the exercise book.Step 3Exercises for useful words and expressions1．Turn to Page 13.Go through the exercises in Discovering useful words and expressions with students and make sure they know what to do.2．Give them several minutes to finish the exercises.They first do them individually,and then discuss and check them with their partners.3．Check the answers with the whole class and explain the problems they meet where necessary.Step 4Vocabulary studyⅠ．简单知识扫描（A级）1．straightforward（P11）【原句再现】Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.克隆植物简单,而克隆动物很复杂.【观察探究】（1）Installing the program is relatively straightforward.安装这个程序相对比较简单.（2）The report was written in straightforward language.那个报告是用浅显的文字写成的.（3）My father is straightforward in his dealings.我爸爸做买卖（待人）正直.（4）Is this a straightforward route to the beach？这是到海滩去的直道吗？【归纳总结】straightforward adj.简单的,易懂的；坦诚的,坦率的；直的【知识链接】（1）straightforwardly adv.率直地,坦诚地（2）straightforwardness n.率直【即景活用】翻译下列句子（1）I'd like to listen to a straightforward explanation.________________________________________________________________________ （2）Jack is rough,but always straightforward.________________________________________________________________________ （3）She admired his straightforwardness.________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answers：（1）我愿意听率直的解释.（2）杰克很粗野,但却总是很坦诚.（3）她很欣赏他的率直.2．cast down（P12）【原句再现】Cloning scientists were cast_down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上,这让他们很沮丧.【观察探究】（1）She was much cast down at the news that she failed in the exam.听到考试失利的消息她非常沮丧.（2）He is not easily cast down.很少见他情绪低落.（3）Don't let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment；try again.别为了实验中的小小失败而垂头丧气,再试下去.【归纳总结】cast down沮丧,不愉快（多用于被动语态）【知识链接】cast v．“扔；投；掷”.如：He cast a stone into the river.他向河中投了一块石子.【即景活用】翻译下列句子（1）不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！________________________________________________________________________ （2）听到这个消息他很沮丧.________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answers：（1）Don't be so cast down.Just keep up your spirits.（2）He was cast down to hear the news.3．altogether（P12）【原句再现】Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years...多莉总共活了6年半……【观察探究】（1）You owe me $68 altogether.你总共欠我68美元.（2）I am altogether on your side in this matter.在这个问题上我完全支持你. （3）Altogether,exports are looking up.总的说来,出口贸易在好转.【归纳总结】altogether adv.总共；完全地；总的说来,总而言之【知识链接】（1）for altogether 永久地；一劳永逸地（2）altogether,all together和together辨析①altogether adv.“总共,完全地；总之,总而言之”.如：He bought altogether 500 hectares of land.他总共买了五百公顷土地.②all together“同时,在一起”,指“全部在同一地方或同一时间”.如：Can you put your books all together in this box?你能将你的书全部一起放在这个箱子里吗？③together adv.“在一起,共同地”.如：All his trouble seemed to come together.他所有的麻烦似乎都一起来了.【即景活用】（1）He's bad-tempered,selfish and ______ an unpopular man.A．therefore B．altogether C．otherwise D．anyhow （2）You'd better put the plates ______ after supper.A．altogether B．in all C．in total D．all together（3）An expert,______ with some assistants,was sent to help in this work. A．together B．altogether C．all together D．therefore Suggested answers：（1）B（2）D（3）A4．in favour of（P12）【原句再现】Is it in_favour_of cloning or against it？是支持克隆还是反对？【观察探究】（1）I have told her about our plan,and she is in favour of it.我对她讲了我们的计划,她表示赞同.（2）Most citizens are now in favour of a cut in tax.绝大多数市民赞成减税.（3）There were 247 votes in favour and 152 against.有247票赞成,152票反对.【归纳总结】in favour（of）赞成；支持【知识链接】（1）in sb.'s favour “对某人有利的（地）”.如：The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.目前汇率对我们有利.（2）in favour with sb.“受某人支持”.如：She's not in favour with the media just now.目前她没有媒体的支持.（3）do sb.a favour ＝do a favour for sb.“帮某人忙”.如：Could you do me a favour to pick up Sam from school today?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？【即景活用】（1）公众舆论正在强烈支持裁军.Public opinion was moving strongly ____________ disarmament.（2）你会赞成还是反对他的意见？Are you ____________ or ______ his opinion?（3）他们争论的结果对李先生有利.The result of their discussion was __________________.Suggested answers：（1）in favour of（2）in favour of,against（3）in Mr.Li's favour 5．compulsory（P13）【原句再现】According to the constitution,it is compulsory for a citizen to undertake military service.根据宪法规定,服兵役是公民的一项义务.【观察探究】（1）I think it is compulsory.我认为这是非做不可的.（2）Education is compulsory for children in most countries.多数国家对儿童实施义务教育.（3）Is English a compulsory subject？英语是必修科目吗？【归纳总结】compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强制的；强迫的；必修的【即景活用】（1）我国实行义务兵役制.We have a ________________ military service system in our country.（2）英国实行义务教育.________________________________________ in Britain.Suggested answers：（1）compulsory（2）Education is compulsory6．owe（P13）【原句再现】You owe the lady an apology.你欠这位女士一个道歉.【观察探究】（1）I owe the landlord one hundred dollars.（＝I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord.）我欠房东一百美元.（2）We owe to Newton the principle of gravitation.我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理.【归纳总结】owe vt.欠（债、账、钱、人情等）；归功于……【即景活用】你应该给自己安排个假期.You ______ ______a holiday.Suggested answer：owe yourself7．retire（P13）【原句再现】...when he retired he would be able to look back on his life with satisfaction.……当他退休的时候,他能够满意地回顾自己的生活.【观察探究】（1）Mr.Weller retired last month and now lives at his ease.韦勒先生上个月退休了,现在过着悠闲的生活.（2）The general retired as soon as he reached sixty.那位将军一到六十岁就退役了.（3）She retired to the country.她退隐到乡下去了.【归纳总结】retire vi.退休；退役；隐退【即景活用】我爷爷是一位退休工人.My grandpa is a ______ ______.Suggested answer：retired workerⅡ．重点知识探究（B级）1．differ（P10）【原句再现】Think about how they differ.考虑一下它们有什么不同.【观察探究】（1）Customs differ in different countries.各国风俗不同.（2）We differ about the matter.我们在这件事情上意见不同.（3）I am sorry to say that I differ with you about/on/over that.对不起,在那一点上我与你意见不同.（4）His opinion differs entirely from mine.他的意见和我的完全不同.【归纳总结】differ vi.不同,相异,不同意,持不同看法differ（with sb.）about/on/over sth.（与某人）在某方面意见不同differ from与……不同【知识链接】（1）agree to differ 求同存异（2）difference n.不同,差异make a difference 起作用；发生影响（3）different adj.不同的,不一样的be different from与……不同【即景活用】（1）完成句子①My new school is very ______ ______（与……不同）the old one.②In this respect French ______ ______（与……不同）English.③There are many ______（不同）between the two languages.④There was not really much ____________（不同）in their points of view.（2）选择最佳答案Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly ______ size and shape. A．on B．from C．by D．inSuggested answers：（1）①different from②differs from③differences④difference （2）D2．undertake（P11）【原句再现】It is a difficult task to undertake.那干起来是一件困难的工作.【观察探究】（1）She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.她负责整个计划的组织工作.（2）Who do you think is the right person to undertake the post?你认为谁是担任这个职位的合适人选？（3）He undertook to be here at ten o'clock.他答应十点钟到这儿来.【归纳总结】undertake vi.（undertook,undertaken）着手,从事；负责,承担；答应,承诺undertake to do sth.答应/承诺做某事【知识链接】undertaking n.任务；事业；企业【即景活用】完成句子（1）She herself ____________（承担）the preparation of the room.（2）He undertook __________________ at five.（他答应五点钟到这里来.）Suggested answers：（1）undertook（2）to be here3．pay off（P11）【原句再现】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid_off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是,决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”.【观察探究】（1）John studied hard before the examination,and it paid off.约翰考试前学习很刻苦,这得到了回报.（2）It took them three years to pay off their debts.他们用了3年才还清了债务.【归纳总结】pay off 得到好结果,取得成功；偿清【知识链接】（1）pay for “为……付钱；为……付出代价”.如：If you don't work hard now,you'll pay for it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学习,到考试不及格时就得为此付出代价.（2）pay back 偿还,报复（3）pay out 花费；支出（4）pay up（不情愿地）付清；还清（债务）【即景活用】（1）He worked hard before the College Entrance Examination,and it ______.His dream of going to college came true.A．showed off B．paid off C．put off D．took off（2）He borrowed $1000 from the bank and was given ten months to ______the loan.A．pay back B．pay for C．pay off D．pay in（3）翻译：I'll pay him back for treating me like that.______________________________ Suggested answers：（1）B（2）A（3）他那么对待我,我会报复他的.4．objection（P12）【原句再现】On the other hand,Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections...另一方面,多莉羊的出现引起了强烈的反对……【观察探究】（1）I have/take/make no objection to their plan.我不反对他们的计划.（2）No objections were raised at the time.当时没人提出异议.【归纳总结】objection n.反对,不赞成have/take/make an objection to（doing）sth.对……表示反对raise an objection/objections to sth.对……提出异议【知识链接】（1）object vi.意为“不赞成,反对”.object常与介词to连用,构成短语object to（doing）sth.意为“反对（做）某事”.如：No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划.We objected to leaving in such a hurry.我们反对这样匆忙地离开.The students objected to being treated like children.学生们反对像对待孩子似地对待他们.（2）object还可用作名词,意为“物体,物品；目的；目标；宾语”.如：I saw an object in the sky,but I didn't know what it was.我看见天空中有个物体,可是我不知道它是什么.I only want to buy some common household objects here.我只是想在这儿买些普通家庭用品.His object of studying English is to know more about England and the English people.他学习英语的目的是更多地了解英国和英国人民.Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.她人生的唯一目标就是当游记作家.（3）表示“反对,不赞成”的词语还有：oppose,be opposed to,be against,argue against,disapprove 等.【即景活用】（1）Many teachers strongly object to ______ at school.A．smoke B．smoking C．smoked D．having smoked（2）We ______ to punishing a whole group for one person's fault.A．complain B．object C．oppose D．resistSuggested answers：（1）B（2）B5．obtain（P12）【原句再现】Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain,newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.尽管目前克隆研究所需要的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获得,但据报载,有些罪恶的领导人希望克隆自己以实现他们的野心.【观察探究】（1）She has to obtain her parents' permission before she does anything.她在做任何事情之前必须得到父母的允许.（2）The scientists wished to obtain the first-hand information by talking with the farmers.科学家们希望通过和农民交谈得到第一手资料.（3）Details can be obtained from the Department for Education.可以从教育部获知详情.【归纳总结】obtain vt.获得；赢得obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获取某物obtain sth.from sb./sth.从某人/物处获得/获取某物【知识链接】obtain,attain,get,gain,earn,win辨析.（1）obtain vt.应用范围较广,指经过买、借、拿等“获得,得到”某物.含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意.如：He always manages to obtain what he wants.他总是设法得到他想要的东西.（2）attain vt.指经过努力“获得”.如：Leo Ioacoco attained the position of President of the Ford Motors.李·雅科卡终于当上了福特汽车公司的总裁.（3）get vt.最常用,可指主动去“获得,得到”,有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能“得到”,甚至可能是被迫“接受”.如：Did they get any compensation when they were dismissed from their jobs?他们被解雇时有没有得到赔偿费？She got a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒.（4）gain vt.指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的.其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等.如：She gained rich experience in teaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验.Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份.（5）earn vt.表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬,或得到了理应享有的某种待遇,其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等.如：He earns wages of 800 dollars a month.他月薪八百美元.（6）win v．多指在竞赛中“获得,赢得”,有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利,宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等.如：They won the basketball match.他们打赢了这场篮球赛.【即景活用】No one can ______ great achievements unless he concentrates on what he is doing,even though a talent.A．attain B．attract C．apply D．obtainSuggested answer：A6．forbid（P12）【原句再现】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...一些国家开始修改法律体系,禁止克隆人的研究……【观察探究】（1）The government forbade the meeting.政府禁止举行这次会议.（2）His parents forbid him wine.他的父母不准他喝酒.（3）The law forbids smoking in public buildings.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟.（4）The teacher forbade us to leave our seats.老师不允许我们离开座位.（5）Women are forbidden from going out without a veil in that country.在那个国家,妇女不戴面纱禁止外出.（6）It's forbidden to marry someone who is not a member of the same faith.禁止与宗教信仰不同的人结婚.【归纳总结】forbid（forbade；forbidden）vt.禁止；不准forbid sth.禁止某事forbid sb.sth.禁止某人干某事forbid doing sth.禁止干某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人干某事forbid sb.from doing...禁止某人做……It's forbidden to do sth.做某事是被禁止的【知识链接】forbid后面接动名词作宾语,但接不定式作宾语补足语,类似的动词还有：consider,advise,allow,permit等.【即景活用】（1）To spend a pleasant festival,people ______ off fireworks during the last Spring Festival.A．didn't forbid to set B．were not forbidden to setC．didn't forbid setting D．were not forbidden setting（2）他禁止在办公时间吸烟.________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answers：（1）B（2）He forbade smoking in the office.Step 5Using words and expressionsTurn to Page 55.Ask students to do the exercises in Using Words and Expressions in the Workbook.The following procedures may be followed：1．Go through the three exercises with students and make sure they know what to do.2．Several minutes for students to finish them individually.3．Check the answers with the whole class.Step 6Homework1．Finish off the Workbook exercises.Do Exercise 3 in your exercise book.2．Learn the useful new words and expressions by heart.Step 7Reflection after teaching________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。
