广东省大湾区2023-2024学年高中上学期期末联合考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．The owner sincerely ______ to the honest lady who returned his lost bag for the inconvenience he brought.A．sailed B．boiled C．shouted D．apologized E．pointed 2．The ambitious girl settled in New York and ______ her dream of becoming an actress.A．separated B．pursued C．lowered D．digested E．solved 3．Tu Youyou would not ______defeat. She conducted the experiment again and again.A．cancel B．occupy C．acknowledge D．detect E．agree 4．Linda was stuck in an unexpected heavy traffic jam. Her ______are beyond our control.A．essays B．guides C．aspects D．interestsE．circumstances5．This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already______and being used in some homes.A．available B．natural C．distant D．identical E．quiet 6．There are many people around the world who live happily without new technologies such as cars, phones or the Internet. They lead a simple life with a(n)______on what theyvalue-hard work and family.A．luxury B．emphasis C．warning D．product E．video 7．All new development harmful to the deer is ______within park boundaries to protect the animal.A．saved B．polluted C．hugged D．banned E．adopted 8．It is strongly advised to hire local guides, because they can offer ______ knowledge of Sarek culture and history for visitors to deepen their understanding and appreciation of the area.A．plastic B．automatic C．artificial D．little E．accurate 9．The park has plenty of restaurants with tasty food for every ______ —— every visitor can find his/her favourite dishes there.A．appetite B．nutrition C．chef D．mode E．fact10．Disneyland also has many exciting rides to ______you. Visitors can surely have great fun there.A．bother B．devote C．amuse D．touch E．judge 11．In Japan, someone who witnesses another person ______the OK gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.A．ignoring B．employing C．analyzing D．permitting E．forgetting 12．In Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people ______shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head.A．deny B．involve C．estimate D．keep E．favor 13．To ______ the food shortage problem, Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.A．obtain B．combine C．tackle D．create E．dare 14．Through ______ effort, Yuan Longping overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice.A．normal B．intense C．odd D．weak E．sour 15．In general, doctors in those days had two ______ theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that germs, instead of bad air, were to blame.A．adorable B．minimum C．salty D．contradictory E．soft 16．Under the ______ of the top scientist Qian Xuesen, China developed the Dongfeng missiles.A．leadership B．option C．career D．friendship E．boundary 17．Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university. Her ______is to set up a business in China after her graduation.A．opera B．alternative C．anxiety D．progress E．ambition 18．I hope my child will study abroad in the future. ______yours, Zhang Yi. (Ending of a letter)A．Gradually B．Apparently C．Sincerely D．Generally E．Recently 19．Finally, a ______key to healthy eating is to eat slowly because slow eating is a basic and essential aspect of maintaining a healthy diet.A．difficult B．fundamental C．gifted D．vast E．severe20．Just as the saying goes “You are what you eat,” the kinds of food local people ______tell us what kinds of lives they lead and what they like and do not like to eat.A．evaluate B．imply C．discover D．consume E．clone二、阅读理解Thanksgiving is usually the year’s biggest cooking day, but it doesn’t have to be. New York has plenty of restaurants open.The Lambs ClubIf you want Thanksgiving in a classic New York setting, the Lambs Club is the place to be. Famous chef Jack Logue is cooking up a turkey with confit legs and classic sides like turkey bacon, roasted carrots with pepper and honey. Don’t skip dessert with traditional slices of Thanksgiving pie on offer.Address: 132 W 44th St, New York N. Y.Price: $125 per personReservations: Reservations can be made via ResyEleven Madison ParkFor one of the best seats in town, head to Eleven Madison Park to celebrate plants-based Thanksgiving. The three-Michelin-star restaurant will offer a multicourse menu including a mushroom tart and classic sides like berry sauce.Address:11 Madison Ave, New York, N. Y.Price:$155 a person; Optional Wine Pairings at an additional $195pp~$335ppReservations: Reservations can be made via ResyRussian Tea RoomFor a special Thanksgiving, head to the Russian Tea Room. Start your meal off with bacon soup. For mains, select from options like a butternut pumpkin rice or roasted turkey. End your meal with a seasonal pumpkin tart.Address: 150 W 57th St, New York, N. Y.Price:$145 per person,$95 for childrenReservations:Reservations can be made via Open TableLuana’s TavernFor a real hidden dining treasure, head to newly opened Luana’s Tavern for their first Thanksgiving. They’re offering starters like butternut pumpkin soup; mains like roastedturkey and mashed potatoes; pumpkin and pecan pie for dessert. Best of all, Luana’s Thanksgiving is a steal at only $59 a person.Address:449 Court St, Brooklyn, N. Y.Price: $59 for the Thanksgiving mealReservations: Reservations can be made via Resy21．Which restaurant features plant-based dishes?A．The Lambs Club.B．Eleven Madison Park.C．Russian Tea Room.D．Luana’s Tavern.22．If a couple with a child eat at one of these restaurants, how much should they pay at least?A．$465.B．$385.C．$375.D．$177. 23．What do the four restaurants have in common?A．They are newly opened.B．They serve special Russian wines.C．They can be reserved.D．They offer only plant-based dishes.At six o’clock sharp the curtain rises. Two hundred audience members, including the mayor of Reno, Nevada, look to the stage. Dozens of costumed actors break out into the drama—The Lion King. This is not a typical production. The cast is made up of homeless children living at the V olunteers of America family shelter in Reno. Children have been given a chance to live their dreams onstage, thanks to volunteer acting coach Nasya Mancini.“I see so much of myself in these kids,” says Nasya. “I tell them their current circumstance doesn’t have to be their future. If they are determined they can do anything they want.” She was born prematurely, weighing 1.25 pounds, which was given little chance of survival. But Nasya kept fighting. She had open-heart operation at two weeks old. Doctors predicted she’d be in the hospital for five months. She came home in nine weeks. Her very name (pronounced “Nah-SY-ah”) means “magic” in Hebrew.Nasya quickly proved a big talent for acting. At six she was spotted by an acting coach. Nasya once told her friends, “I’m going to be an actor. One day I’m going to be a star.” Some higher graders said, “You? You’re a small fry. You’re not even pretty.” Later, one popular girl said, “I can play better than you. And if you’re not better than me, then how can you be an actor? Give. It. Up.”Later, she entered the V olunteers of America shelter center. She learned there were more than 300 people living there and many children were even mistreated and lost theirconfidence. Nasya was stunned. “I was so blessed that I didn’t realize how blessed I was!” she says. “I’m healthy, have wonderful parents, a great home. I couldn’t believe how many homeless children there were right in my own backyard.”Long after Nasya won the title of Miss Northern Counties Outstanding Teen, she has stayed committed to the kids at the V olunteers of America shelter. At each class she reminds the kids, “Believe in yourself. The world is your stage.”24．Which of the following can best describe Nasya?A．Good-mannered and brave.B．Self-centered and mature.C．Warm-hearted and talented.D．Well-educated and honest.25．What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Shocked.B．Frightened.C．Confused.D．Impressed. 26．How does Nasya help the homeless teens to build confidence?A．By encouraging them.B．By donating money to them.C．By acting in a drama.D．By turning them into big stars. 27．What does Nasya want to tell children through her story?A．Kindness matters to stars.B．Talent is crucial for acting.C．Children need a dream stage.D．Magic lies in trusting yourself.When it comes to cancer, red meat is often thought to be the bad guy. But new research from the University of Chicago has shown that a nutrient found in red meat may support our body’s ability to fight off cancer cells.The nutrient in question is called TV A, which is a long-chain fatty acid (酸) that our bodies cannot make by themselves. “TV A in humans is mainly from foods, including beef and lamb,” said study author Jing Chen, a professor of medicine at the University of Chicago. In the new study, Chen’s team collected 255 bioactive substances from nutrients into a database and tested whether any of the substances could affect the immune (免疫的) system’s ability to fight cancer cells. Specifically, the team focused on their ability to activate a class of white blood cells called CD8+ T cells, also known as killer T cells, finding and destroying infected cells and, in this case, cancers.After evaluating the top six substances in both human and mouse cells, the team found that TVA produced the best results. “TV A strengthens CD8+ T cell function and thus promotes T cell-based immune system response to battle cancerous growth,” Chen said. Theteam found that mice with a diet enriched with TV A saw significantly reduced cancerous growth. “Focusing on bioactivity of nutrients rather than individual food might be more important, and taking supplements (保健品) with enriched bioactive nutrients is likely more efficient than consuming foods containing these nutrients,” Chen said.Chen thinks there may be other nutrients that can do the same. “There is early data showing that other fatty acids from plants signal through a similar receptor as TV A, so we believe there is a high possibility that nutrients from plants can do the same thing,” he said. 28．What might be the general opinion about red meat?A．It helps fight cancer.B．It brings health risks.C．It is rich in fatty acids.D．It contains no nutrients.29．How does TV A support the immune system?A．By producing nutrients.B．By killing infected cells.C．By collecting substances.D．By activating killer T cells.30．What does Chen most probably suggest readers do?A．Go vegetarian.B．Eat less red meat.C．Prevent cancer actively.D．Take a TV A-enriched diet.31．In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?A．Science.B．Education.C．Sports.D．Entertainment.Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are angry, you make ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. You will also regret language spoken without thought. Therefore, what can be done to control anger and prevent it from ruining our lives? 32 .Firstly, you need to change your attitude to the way of the world. 33 . Also, you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you. Many people try to live by high standards, and as a result, are often disappointed and become angry. The answer is to be a bit more flexible and relax your control of life.Secondly, don’t regard anger as a bad emotion. There are occasions when anger can be directed in such a way as to achieve great things. Martin Luther King was angry about the lack of civil rights in the USA．Gandhi was angry about British rule in India. 34 . They both used that anger to motivate themselves to fight against what they saw as injustice.Thirdly, reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. But it is a habit, and habits can be broken. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. Anger isa negative reaction, but in this type of situation, there is no good in reacting by forming positive thoughts. 35 . This way, your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive.36 . That control will come once you identify what is at the root of your anger. Make changes to your lifestyle and attitudes and you will find that you will turn angry much less often, if at all.A．By contrast, anger is slow to passB．You need to learn not to respond at allC．Anger of this type can be used to fuel actionD．Here are some ways you can fight against angerE．People do behave in ways that will make you angryF．In conclusion, you must recognize anger is something you can controlG．Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry三、完形填空Life is a journey filled with ups and downs. It’s important to understand that failure is37．A．journey B．lesson C．process D．success 38．A．busiest B．earliest C．darkest D．hottest 39．A．partners B．masters C．adults D．clerks 40．A．joy B．crisis C．truth D．difficulty 41．A．doubt B．reduce C．prove D．discover 42．A．sad B．classic C．personal D．different 43．A．death B．failure C．trouble D．competition 44．A．competed B．continued C．struggled D．dealt 45．A．convincing B．cheating C．disappointing D．asking 46．A．adding B．comparing C．preferring D．changing 47．A．determined B．convinced C．hurt D．caught 48．A．accept B．cover C．share D．report 49．A．amazing B．horrible C．new D．special 50．A．entirely B．gradually C．apparently D．slightly 51．A．understanding B．growth C．dialogue D．recovery四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
• 202 •国际免疫学杂志 2021 年 3 月第 44 卷第 2 期 Int J Imrmin 〇l ，Mar.2021，V 〇1.44，N 〇.2•综述•N K 细胞在肝纤维化中作用的研究进展周洁柏雪莲滨州医学院附属医院临床医学实验室，山东滨州256603通信作者：柏雪莲，E m a i l :xuelianbai 99@ 163. c o m ,电话：186****0216【摘要】慢性肝损伤激活肝星状细胞产生1型胶原纤维，造成大量的细胞外基质堆积，从而形成肝 纤维化。
免疫微环境的变化在肝纤维化的进展和转归中发挥重要作用。
自然杀伤（natuml killer ,NK )细 胞是肝脏重要的固有免疫细胞，能够通过直接的细胞毒性作用和产生7-干扰素等效应分子杀死肝星状 细胞，起到明显的抗肝纤维化作用，同时也会对肝脏造成一定的损伤。
NK 细胞的作用受到其受体和各 种免疫细胞和分子的调控。
【关键词】肝纤维化；自然杀伤细胞;肝星状细胞;干扰素;受体基金项目：山东省自然科学基金（ZR 2016HM 19)DOI ： 10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 16734394. 2021.02.014Research progress of NK cells ’ role in liver fibrosis Zhou Jie，Bai XuelianClinical Medicine Laboratory ,Birizhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603 , China Corresponding author：Bai Xuelian,Em ail ：xuelianbai99@ 163. com,7e /：186****0216【A bstract 】 Liver fibrosis is caused by excessive extracellar matrix ( ECM) produced by hepatic stellate cells ( HSCs) under stimulation of chronic liver injury. The changes of immune microenvironment play critical roles in the progression or reverse of liver fibrosis. As one component of innate immune cells,natural killer( NK) cells have anti-fibrotic effects through direct killing of HSCs by cytotoxity and secretion of anti-fibrotic cytokines such as interferon--y( IFN--y) ,as well as also cause some damage to the liver. The roles of NK cells are regulated by its receptors, other immune cell and molecules.【Key words 】 Liver fibrosis; Nature killer cells ； Hepatic stellate cells;Interferon-7;ReceptorFund program ： Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province( ZR2016HM19)DOI ： 10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 16734394. 2021.02. 014用[6]。
《临床医学概论》课程教学大纲适用对象：2015（3）药学（全英文教学）专业（学分：2 学时：36 ）一、课程的性质和任务：《临床医学概论》是一门临床医学综合性课程，涵盖内科、外科、妇产、儿科学等各临床学科，供药学等非临床医学专业的学生为主要的教学对象。
课程采用案例（即病例，只以重大危害的疾病为例）教学，它以面对一个活生生的临床病例（症状、体征、影像学表现、实验室检查等）开始，倡导启发式教学。
从以治愈或彻底预防疾病为最终目的这一出发点，理解病人临床表现、诊断、药物治疗原则，倒推病因、致病机制（包括系统、细胞通路、分子、免疫等水平），并结合PUBMED文献搜索，拓展研究新进展，使学生理解药物研发的关键点（把握疾病的最关键致病机制），提出原创性药物研发思路。
随后进行跨学科引导，结合学生个人兴趣、鼓励执着探究彻底治疗重大疾病的精神。
二、教学内容和要求（含每章教学目的、基本教学内容和教学要求）：《临床医学概论》的教学目的和教学要求：本课程所授皆为理解内容，要求结合中英文内科学、外科学、解剖学、生理学、药理学教材、PUBMED数据库、网络资料等，理解致病的系统、分子机制，找出新药设计的靶点，提出跨学科的解决方法。
基本教学内容：结合内科学、外科学等教材，讲授常见和重大疾病，如病毒性肝炎、免疫治疗等，引导学生通过阅读中英文内科学、外科学、解剖学、生理学、药理学、病理学等各学科英文资料，对这些疾病的临床表现、药物治疗、手术治疗、放射治疗等措施及局限性产生深刻印象，图像化、形象化理解疾病的病因、致病机制，再翻查PUBMED数据库掌握这些疾病的研究新进展，随后进行跨学科引导，结合学生个人兴趣，提出跨学科治疗和研究方案（如物理学、微电子、人工智能、材料、化学），并予以符合逻辑性论证、撰写论文，启发学生大胆追逐科学原创的精神。
《临床医学概论》课程教学总时数为36学时，以重大疾病为例进行案例式地教学，内容如下，但会根据上课时启发学生理解与思考的需要和外聘授课医生的专业特长和研究领域等因素，时有调整：Chapter 1: Neurological disease：Action potential and epilepsyChapter 2: Endocrinology: Pituitary Adenoma-Endocrine SystemChapter 3: Respiratory disease: chronic bronchitis and emphysema-Cor pulmonaleChapter 4: Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease: Hepatocellular carcinoma-Cirrhosis-Chronic hepatitisB-HBV virusChapter 5: Immunology: Chimeric Antigen T cells receptorsChapter 6: Current status of other clinical treatment strategy考试：本课程不做考试，尽量以英文综述或者用英文完整论述的医学假设为考核形式，要求观点方法独创、具有严谨的理论论据。
