吉林大学新闻(2)2009真题

新闻与传播专业基础名词解释专项强化真题试卷23(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)名词解释题1.急选报(湖南大学，2009年)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 10答案:急选报是保存至今的唯一一份明代报纸的原件，也是全世界现存的最早的自称为“报”的印刷品。

这份急选报出版于万历八年四月二十二日(即1580年5月5日)。

现存于北京国家图书馆。

该报是用雕版印刷的，长宽为24．6×14．4厘米，作“小本”状，共6页，以黄纸为封面，左上端印有加黑框的包头，内含“急选报”三个大字和“四月份”三个小字。

正文部分以“吏部一本急选官员事、奉圣旨，计开”打头，以下分4栏，逐个刊出被选中的162名官员的名单，包括姓名、籍贯和被任命的官职。

由于没有注明出版单位和编辑发行人的姓名，估计很可能是民间报房的产物，是民间报房所出的在“邸报”之外的众多“报”中的一种。

有可能单独发行，也有可能作为附件随“邸报”一并发行。

它的发现，说明中国至晚在万历八年就已经有了民办的雕版印刷的报纸了。

2.范长江(暨南大学，2008年)SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 10答案:通讯作品风格独特，为我国新闻通讯写作提供了新经验和新样本，在我国新闻史上有重要地位，其中有些已经成为传世名篇。

其代表作品有《中国的西北角》《西北近影》《陕北之行》等。

《中国的西北角》于1936年8月出版，是范长江西北之行中所写通讯的汇集，该书揭露了日本帝国主义侵略的危机，国民党统治的腐败、黑暗与各族人民的痛苦生活。

更可贵的是，该书首次客观而真实的报道了红军长征的行踪和影响。

西安事变后，他在上海《大公报》发表时事述评专文《动荡中之西北大局》，介绍了西安事变的真相和中国共产党关于建立抗日民族统一战线的主张，在国统区引起巨大震动。

范长江的通讯作品，以纪实的方式，谈古论今，既有大量的历史、地理、人文与自然知识，更透露了重大的政治消息，笔触生动而有感情，刊出后受到广泛欢迎。

新闻与传播硕士新闻与传播专业基础（新闻业务）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 名词解释题 2. 简答题 3. 论述题 4. 案例分析题1．纯净版面(北大2012年研)正确答案：纯净版面是指简洁朴素、整齐简单的版面。

这一概念由报纸版面专家马里奥.加西亚提出。

它是20世纪末报纸版面设计中出现的一种趋势。

“纯净版面”上对于版面元素的应用十分单纯，奉行“少即是多”的美学观念。

它的作用和目的在于使读者目光能很直接地投向新闻及图片本身，提高了可读性和易读性，帮助读者最便捷地获取信息。

《华尔街日报》和《纽约时报》的版面设计是“纯净版面”的代表。

涉及知识点：新闻业务2．长栏与破栏(厦门大学2007年研)正确答案：长栏与破栏是变栏的两种形式。

版面除了采用基本栏之外，有时还采用变栏，即以基本栏为基础而演化出来的栏。

变栏有两种：一是长栏，即宽度是整倍数于基本栏的栏，如两栏、三栏等；另一种是破栏，即宽度是非整倍数于基本栏的栏。

破栏可以大于基本栏，如3破2、5破2等，也可以小于基本栏，如2破3等。

目前中国对开报纸采用的都是8栏制，基本栏已经比较小，所以小于基本栏的破栏用得很少。

涉及知识点：新闻业务3．专刊(中国传媒大学2015年研)正确答案：专刊是指围绕某一特定主题所设的栏目或编辑的特刊。

专刊是以特殊的方式反映并引导社会舆论，传播先进思想的手段。

专刊是读者深入了解外界重要变动的窗口，是传播各类知识的课堂。

专刊可以丰富读者文化生活，推动文化事业发展。

专刊是各大报纸突出报纸个性的手段，是报纸联系读者的重要纽带。

按照选材范围、题材性质、内容配置的结构方式以及表现方法等综合因素分类，专刊有新闻性专刊、学术性专刊、服务性专刊和社会性专刊等。

涉及知识点：新闻业务4．版面语言(清华大学2018年研；天津师大2015年研)正确答案：版面语言是指版面特有的表现手段。

版面语言的基本形式包括：版面空间、编排手段和版面布局结构。

2009——2010学年第二学期中国近现代史纲要考试试卷A（闭卷）一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1、圆明园被烧毁于 ( )A．第一次鸦片战争 B．第二次鸦片战争C．中法战争D．八国联军侵华战争2、西方资本主义国家入侵中国后签订的第一个不平等条约是 ( )A．《江宁条约》 B．《望厦条约》 c．《黄埔条约》D．《虎门条约》3. 在半殖民地半封建的中国，最主要的矛盾是 ( )A．无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾 B．封建主义和人民大众的矛盾C．帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾 D．生产力和生产关系的矛盾4.最先由民主主义者转变为马克思主义者的人是( )A．李大钊B．陈独秀C．毛泽东D．董必武5.国共第一次合作全面破裂，大革命失败的标志是( )A．蒋介石制造中山舰事件B．蒋介石制造整理党务案c．蒋介石发动四一二反革命政变D．汪精卫发动七一五反革命政变6.下列不属于土地革命战争前中期的三次“左”倾错误的是( )A．1927年11月至l928年4月的“左”倾盲动错误B．1930年6月至9月以李立三为代表的“左”倾冒险主义C．1931年1月至l935年1月以王明为代表“左”倾教条主义D．1935年长征途中张国焘的南下7.全面抗战开始后，国民党军队取得的第一次胜利是( )A．平型关战役 B．台儿庄战役C．桂南会战D．长沙会战8.抗日根据地实行的土地政策是( )A．消灭地主阶级，废除封建剥削 B．地主减租减息，农民交租交息C．开展土地革命，没收地主土地D．废除封建剥削，满足农民对土地的要求9.党在过渡时期总路线的主体是( )A．分两步走，到20世纪未全面实现四个现代化B．逐步实现国家的社会主义工业化，C．逐步实现国家对农业，手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造D．坚持“一个中心，两个基本点”，把我国建设成社会主义现代化强国10. 中国第一个资产阶级性质的革命团体是( )A．中国同盟会 B．兴中会C．光复会D．中国国民党二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1、日本帝国主义在二十世纪30年代发动的侵略中国的事变有A．九一八事变 B．卢沟桥事变 C．华北事变D．皖南事变2、中国革命胜利的基本经验有A．要建立统一战线 C．要开展武装斗争B．要加强共产党的自身建设D．要首先夺取城市3、北伐战争的对象是( )A．吴佩孚C．孙传芳B．段棋瑞D．张作霖4.《马关条约》签订后，逼迫日本归还辽东半岛的国家是( )A．英国 B．俄国 C．法国 D．德国5.近代，外国列强侵略中国的方式有 ( )A．军事侵略 B．政治控制 c．经济掠夺 D．文化渗透三、辨析题（每题8分，共24分）1、土地革命战争时期党内出现左倾错误的主要原因是共产国际的瞎指挥。

2022年吉林大学新闻学专业《现代汉语》期末试卷B(有答案）一、填空题1、现代汉语语音的特点表现在三个方面：没有复辅音、______、2、有些兼动、名两类的词或形容词，儿化后就固定为______。

3、熟语有很多种类型，比如“倒打一耙”属于______，“瞎子点灯”属于______，“胸有成竹”属于______。

4、基本词汇的特点包括稳固性、能产性和______。

5、音同、义同而形不同的字是______。

6、“火”字的第三个笔画为______，“丑”字的第二个笔画为______，“齅”字共有______个笔画。

7、_____和句法层次的不同是同一句法结构产生歧义的主要原因。

8、从句类的角度分“咱们快走吧”是______句。

9、“记忆是抹不去的，抹不去的是记忆。

”句中运用的修饰手段______。

10、语言演变的特点是______和______二、判断题11、“连门儿也没有”一共有六个音节。

（）12、元音、辅音、声调都是音质音位。

（）13、大多数汉字是指事字。

（）14、《说文解字》最早采用部首给汉字归部，将汉字归为214部。

（）15、定语是体词性成分前面的修饰语，状语是谓词性成分前面的修饰语。

（）16、“爷爷吩咐我每周回家一次”是主谓短语作宾语。

（）17、“大学”“船只”“地震”都是偏正型的复合词。

（）18、“怪可怜的”和“别怪他”，前后两个“怪”是多义词。

（）19、“写这种稿子用不了多少心血，只是蚊子多，用了不少身血”运用了借代修辞格。

( )20、“这种文章让人实在没有胃口再看下去”运用了比喻修辞格。

( )三、选择题21、汉语拼音字母“i”表示的音位数目是（）。

A．1B．2C．3D．422、下列汉字音节中，主要元音是舌面、前、半高、不圆唇元音的是（）。

A．月B．对C．论D．界23、下列都带补语的一组是（）。

A．住了一天、读了一本 B．踢了一脚、打了一下C．买了一斤、吃了一个 D．等了一个小时、用了一个小时24、下列句子中，不属于兼语句的是（）。

2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题专注考研专业课13年，提供海量考研优质文档！第1页，共54页目录2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题库（一）(2)2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题库（二）(10)2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题库（三）(22)2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题库（四）(33)2022年吉林大学文学院813新闻传播业务之新闻评论教程考研核心题库（五）(45)专注考研专业课13年，提供海量考研优质文档！——————————————————————————————————————————一、概念题1．由头【答案】由头是指挑开话题、引发议论的媒介或孕育论点诱发思维的“引线”。

各种不同的评论体裁，在由头运用和由头的构成上有所不同，或者以所依托的新闻报道的事实为由头，或者以具体的思想矛盾作为由头，或者以直接输入文中的新闻性事实为由头，或者以历史典故、文学形象、谚语格言作为由头，均有其各自的选择，由此显示了各自的特性。

2．新记《大公报》【答案】《大公报》是我国近代和现代著名日报，1902年由英敛之创办于天津。

新纪《大公报》1926年由吴鼎昌、胡政之、张季弯等以新记公司名义接办。

吴鼎昌独自投资并自任社长，胡政之任经理兼副总编辑，张季弯任总编辑兼副经理，提出“不党、不私、不卖、不盲”的办报方针，大得当时资产阶级、小资产阶级的欢心。

国民党政府建立后，《大公报》在政治上拥护国民党政府，并采取“小骂大帮忙”的宣传手法，既讨好蒋介石，又能迷惑一般读者。

在新闻业务和经营管理力一面，锐意改进，推出不少有益于发展的举措，因而其事业蒸蒸日上，在全国取得越来越大的影响。

1936年，该报上海版创刊，将其触角伸入中国新闻事业的中心。

3．立论4．“配”评论【答案】“配”评论，是指为配合某一特定的新闻报道而撰写的言论。

《新闻采访》课程考试试卷（B）闭卷试卷所需时刻120 分钟试卷总分100分10分）新疆北部三万万亩草原遇鼠野狐担当草原警察新华社新疆5月14日电记者今日从头受暖冬季气阻碍，新疆北部约阿勒泰地域富蕴县和青河县的广袤草原新疆畜牧厅介绍说，进入春草原老鼠繁衍速度加速，目前已进入为了治理草原鼠害，本地畜牧部门除投放还利用狐狸、鹰等生物灭鼠的使得新疆草原上几近消失的野狐狸开始从头回到领地并担当起“草原警察”的重任。

新疆阿勒泰是中国重点牧区之一，天然草场达一点四亿多亩，本地害鼠以草原黄兔尾鼠为主。

黄兔尾鼠体型较大，繁衍速度快，每窝可产仔十余只，喜爱啃食牧草，致使牧草死亡、草场退化，同时还传播各类流行病。

二、分析题（此题20分）在这篇新闻报导中，记者是如何用事实说话的？认真阅读这篇新闻报导,回答下面的问题（本大题共2小题，每题10分，共20分）一、记者采纳了哪几种采访方式？请把它们具体指出来。

二、若是你是记者，还会利用其他哪些采访方式？请具体说明。

沱江之水为何突然变清?新华社成都５月１５日电(记者孙闻)中华环保世纪行记者团１５日在四川内江市资中县沱江边看到，那个地址的江水清澈见底。

而住在江边的一些群众告知记者：沱江水是这两天突然变清的。

记者在江边看到，一名居住在周围的老太太正在江水里洗衣服，不远处两位老汉正在垂钓。

资中县环境监测站的工作人员从江中取水，现场进行了初步分析。

结果显示，江水中除氨氮超标外，其余指标均达到国家二类水质标准。

而据内江市环保局提供的数据，２００６年沱江内江市流域水质有７个月处于四类或四类以下水平。

那位正在洗衣服的老太太告知记者，就在几天前江里还没什么水，江内心的鹅卵石都露出来了，乃至有人从沱江大桥下的河床上步行过江。

“还没到丰水期，最近也没下雨，天知道哪里来了这么多清水。

”老太太说，“上一次在沱江里洗衣服已是几年前的事了。

”江边垂钓的一名老汉说：“这两天江里的鱼也突然多了起来，前些天江里还没什么水，这些鱼确信是上游冲下来的。

2009年同等学力申硕《新闻传播学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解考生须知本试卷满分100分，包括新闻学和传播学两部分，考生选择所学专业的试题作答，所答题目与所选专业不符者不予计分。

请考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

考生一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔在答题纸指定位置上按规定要求作答，未做在指定位置上的答案一律无效。

监考员收卷时，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据），否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

Ⅰ．新闻学一、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）1．《常识》2．红色中华通讯社3．《京话日报》4．客观主义5．再生型新闻线索6．读者7．专栏评论8．事件述评9．电视专访10．广播传播符号二、简答题（每小题5分，共20分）1．新闻选择的依据是什么？2．制作新闻标题时的内容选择原则主要有哪些？3．编者按语的功能主要有哪些？4．广播通讯的创作与制作过程中应注意哪些要点？三、分析论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1．试述1949年以来香港报业的发展过程及其阶段性特征。

2．联系新闻传播实践，简要分析新闻传播者自我心理调节的基本要求。

四、实务操作题（30分）请将下列材料改写成一则250字左右的消息，导语不得超过55个字，并制作标题。

昨晚，“华鼎之夜·第二届中国演艺名人公众形象满意度调查发布荣誉典礼”在北京隆重举行。

张艺谋、宋祖英等25位中国演艺名人获得该项“老百姓口碑奖”。

在颁奖现场，崔永元代身患重病的罗京领奖。

罗京因“26年，3000多次主持，没有一次出错”而赢得新闻主持人特别荣誉奖。

崔永元说：“虽然我们见不到他（罗京），他不愿意我们去看他，但是见过他的同事说他现在很乐观，很开朗。

再好的主持人也是肉长的，让我们为罗京祈福。

”与宋祖英、张艺谋、李幼斌、濮存昕、孙红雷同获“中国年度公众满意度最佳演艺名人”荣誉的还有已故著名导演谢晋。

另外，在公众形象调查中，王宝强获新演员第一名，韩再芬获戏剧演员第一名，白岩松获电视主持人第一名，邰丽华获舞蹈演员第一名，唐国强获影视演员第一名，冯小刚获影视导演第一名，谭晶获歌唱演员第一名，侯耀华获曲艺演员第一名。

2009年吉林大学考博英语真题G Part 1 Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part. For e ach sentence there are four choices, marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSW ER SHEEET with a single line through the center.1. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to____ some of the decline in the iron and steelindustry.A. overturnB. overtakeC. offsetD. oppress2. France's ____of nuclear testing in the south pacific last month t riggered political debates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption3. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carryi ng the silver cup____.A. turbulentlyB.tremendouslyC.triumphantlyD. tentatively4. the 215-page manuscript circulated to publishers last October. ____ an outburst-of interest.A. flaredB. glitteredC. sparkedD. flashed5. The most important for assessment in this contest is originality of design. ？A. thresholdB. partitionC. warrantD. criterion6.The American society is____ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natur al resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.A.establishedB.affiliated toC.originated fromD.incorporated with7. She has ____ a large sum of money from her father.A. inheritedB. presentedC. hostedD. turned'8. He may give the impression of being severe, but he is quite a kind person___.A. from heartB. at heartC. of heartD. by heart9. The city government is getting its residents to property ___thei r garbage.A. break upB. dispose ofC. check outD. hand out10. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ___to everyone.A. speculationB. attributionC. utilizationD. proposition11. In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely res isted the ___to reach into his bag for his camera.A. impatienceB. impulseC. incentiveD. initiative12. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common secondlanguage could____.A. descendB. declineC. deteriorateD. depress13. Equipment not ____ official safety standards has all been remov ed from the workshop.A.conforming toB.consistent withC.predominant overD.providing for14. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow___ _, particularly in Western Europe.A. obscureB. obsoleteC. optionalD. overlapping15. They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely with___ _ each other.A. reconciledB. negotiated C, associated D. accommodated16. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just____ and needs proving.A. spontaneousB. hypotheticalC. intuitiveD. empirical17. The future of this company is ____ : many of its talented empl oyees are flowing into more profitable net-basedbusinesses.A. at oddsB. in troubleC. in vainD. at stake18. It is no ______ that a large number of violent crimes are comm itted under the influence of alcohol.A . coincidence B. correspondence C. inspiration D. intuition19. The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparat ive seldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude20. A membership card ____the holder to use the club's facilities fo r a period of twelve months.A. approvesB. authorizesC. rectifiesD. endows21. He wore shorts and a T-shirt that revealed well-muscled legs and arms and a strong neck that ____the grizzled hair.A. beliedB. deniedC. reliedD. believed22. The football team celebrated its victory in a ____fashion, so the neighbors downstairs complained bitterly to them.A. strenuousB. ambiguousC. tumultuousD. conspicuous23. The bus is packed and it seems there is no room for one more person in the ____.A. channelB. streetC. laneD. aisle24. His first play has been ___to the screen.A. transferredB. translatedC. transportedD. transformed25. It is impossible to __ what will happen.A. talkB. speakC. predictD. prediction26. This is the sample of Chinese architecture ___by Japanese designe rs.A. changedB. alteredC. variedD. modified27. His whole attitude had undergone a ___ change.A. miniatureB. subtleC. fewD. little28. My conscience __ me to tell the truth.A. compelsB. repelsC. dispelsD spells29. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A. graciousB. uniqueC. suspiciousD. particular30. The room was dark, and Stan nearly fell over a chair as heto the phone.A. trembledB. stumbledC. mumbledD. scrambledPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are 4 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements . each with four suggested answers. Choose t he one you think is the best answer. Mark you choice on the ANSWER SHEEET with a single line through the center.Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:Economists believe that investors are rational, and that stock pri ces are therefore unpredictable. It sounds peculiar, but the logic is ironclad.Rational investors would take into account everything they know wh en buying or selling stock ___ all the information available about w here profits, interest rates, technology and so on are going. So sto ck prices would reflect all available knowledge, and would change onl y when new information came in. And new information is, by definitio n, unpredictable, which means that changes in stock prices would be unpredictable, too. But investors, being human, are driven by fear, g reed and the madness of crowds.In principle this should create patterns in stock prices, and in pri nciple you can use those patterns to outperform the market. But whil e it may be very hard to tell whether the market is overvalued or undervalued, one thing is for sure: It fluctuates more than it sho uld. That isinstead of rising or falling only when there is real news about fut ure, stocks surge and plunge for no good reason.People sell because other people are selling, or buy because other people are buying. And, as a result, it is more a series of random leaps than a random walk. Tuesday was a case in point. On a slow news day, markets suddenly dived, with the Dow falling by more tha n 3 percent and the Nastaq by more than 5 without anything happenin g to change your fundamental view about what is on in the U.S. eco nomy. Why was the market so easily spooked? Presumably because everyo ne is even more confused than usual about what stocks are really th ose days.On one side, the U.S. economy has been wallowing in good news. Prod uctivity has been soaring, allowing the economy to grow far faster t han seemed possible. And with clever new applications of silicon chip s coming out every day, it is easy to become exuberant about the f uture. On the other hand, as any financial theorist could tell you, good news that you already expect to hear I isn't news. Five year s ago, a 2 percent annual increase in worker productivity would have been regarded as excellent, and stocks would have risen sharply. To day it would be regarded as a disappointing performance, and would d rive stocks down.So, is it terrific or incredible? Nobody really knows. And a rationa l market would accept this ignorance, and waitfor some actual evidenc e in favor of one side or the other.Of course, it doesn’t work that way. One Tuesday, something caused investors to become sligh tly less convinced than they had been the day before that we are li ving in the best of all possible world. And the result was a huge destruction of paper-virtual- wealth.31. Paragraph 2 seems to suggest that ________ .A. investors are not always rationalB. stock price reflects all available knowledgeC. a rational investor should be good in prediction of the marketD. because new information is unpredicted it is hard for investors t o be rational32. According to the text, investors become irrational because _______ _ .A. they are not experiencedB. they possess the nature we all haveC. the U.S. economy is sometimes unpredictableD. they are confused about the changes of the stock market33.The result of “Tuesday case’’is that _______.A. the U.S. economy soaredB. the U.S. stock price fell sharplyC. people were disappointed about U.S. economyD. people were not sure about what stocks were really worth34. In paragraph 5, the phrase "wallowing in" may be replaced by____.A. delighted inB. surprised byC. convinced byD. doublful about35.We learn from the text that __.A. the investors are ignorantB. the stock market can be frightened very easily •C. the falling of Dow by 3 percent is considered as a 'random walk”D. a 2 percent annual increase in worker productivity is not a goodresultQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passageThe military services recently have shown more interest in family issues,including those relating to father-child relationships. This interest parallelsthe growing recognition by military leaders of the interdependency between military effectiveness and family functioning. It has been found that the extent to hich members are satisfied with their familylife is reflected in their job performance and is eventually tied totheir decision to stay in the military.for handling incidents of child abuse (虐待)and neglect. A key aspect of these important moves is their focus on prevention rather than punishment and discharge.This recognition, coupled with the changing image of the military community and family, has helped to provide more support services for military fathers. At the present time, the military services include a number of organizations that provide an impressive rangeof services and programs for fathers. Among these are Family Support Centers, Chaplain Services, Parent Education Programs, Child-Care Services, and Recreational Services for fathers and their children. In addition, each service branch has established policies and procedures Despite military efforts to provide services for families, militaryfathers have been unwilling in ihe past to seed services or ask for help with a personal or family problem. They often believe thatif they seek help for a problem, (hey may risk the danger of putting themselves in very unfavorable conditions and thus ruin their careers. As a consequence, military services and programs in recent yearshave increasingly adopted the concept of reaching out to military fathers to prevent certain problems in their planning efforts.36. The word "parallels" (line 3, para1) means ___.A. extends side by side withB. is similar toC. grows at the same time asD. acts as a balance to37. From the first paragraph we can see that _______ .A. enjoyable family life is the key to military effectivenessB. military leaders are anxious to improve their relationship with their children C. fathers are usually unwilling to stay in the militar y D. enjoyable family life promotes job performance38. The fundamental goal of the organizations listed in the second p aragraph is___.A. to prevent crimes in the militaryB. to bring about military effectivenessC. to handle incidents of child abuse and neglectD. to educate the children in the military39. The support services described in the passage .A. have done their best to help military fathersB. have solved all the problems of military fathersC. have not been functioning e fficientlyD. have ruined some people's careers .40. Form the last sentence of the passage, we know that____.A. access to military services has been made more convenient recentlyB. military services have been working hard on some ideological pro blemsC. more and more people have realized the importance of planning in military servicesD. the concept of prevention rather than punishment has been accepted by most people in the militaryQuestions 41-45 are based on the following passage:For more than a decade, the Federal Superfund program, designed to c lean up America's waste sites, has been a gold mine for lawyers and consultants.Billions have been spent on Superfund since 1980,but cleanup has been completed at fewer than 5 percent of the nation's 1,200 most dange rous waste sites.Where has the money gone? An enormous amount has been spent arguing and litigating over who should pay for cleanup. When Congress creat ed Superfund, it envisioned fast, efficient cleanups that would be fu nded by findingthose responsible at each and every site and making them pay. While this sounds good in theory, in reality this approach has buried Co ngress's vision under an avalanche of litigation and expensive, length y negotiations.First, many sites were created by waste disposal that took place 20, 30 or 40 years ago, or even longer. This can make identifying eve ryone connected with a site-finding records to prove who has owned a nd operated it, who sent what waste, how much and where-expensive an d time-consuming.Second, Superfund holds anyone who has ever owned, used or transporte d waste to a site liable for the entire cost of cleanup, even if no laws were broken at the time and even if they contributed only a tiny fractions of waste. This forces those identified at Superfundsites--- whether they be large corporations, small businesses, local governments, hospitals, universities or even individuals -- to spend more time and money looking for others to share the costs.With cleanup costs averaging $26 milling per site and some sites cos ting in the hundreds of millions, it's little wonder that organizatio ns and private parties spend years in negotiating and litigation. In fact, at some sites, more money is spent on determining who will pay than on cleanup itself. This does a lot for lawyers and consult ants but very little for the environment. .Even the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) commented, “One of the sad truths about the program is that so much money has gone to people in three-piece suits and not moon s uits.41. What can we learn about the Federal Superfund program?A. It is an environmental protection plan.B. It concerns the cleanup of mining operations for gold run by the federal government.C. it employs lawyers and consultants to decide the proper cleanup sites.D. It completes about 5% of the cleanup every year.42. The third paragraph suggests that____.A. quick results were not expected when the program was initiatedB. the funding of cleanups would come from whoever was responsible f or the waste sitesC. the program has caused people to be more car eful about waste disposalD. Congress has all but given up the prog ram43. Which of the following is the major problem in carrying out the program?A. Identifying the waste sites.B. Estimating the cost of cleanup.C. Finding the important records and files.D. Determining the responsibility for the waste sites.44. Negotiations and litigation go on and on because those involved and identified .A. demand absolute fairness in paying the costB. want others to sh are the costsC. deny having broken lawsD. have little money on the cleanup45.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. The EPA has spent a lot of money.B. Cleanup needs much more money than expected.C. Money has disappe ared in many different ways.D. Money has been wasted on litigation.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The realm of product liability is one that has always put legal sch olars and practitioners at odds. Viewed by some as genuine efforts t o protect the public from dangerous goods and others as an excuse for dirty lawyers to sue rich companies, the matter has yet to be r esolved. Product liability, and its implications for disgruntled consum ers wishing to sue the makers of what they buy, continues to be de bated.Those who argue that current product liability laws are positive asse rt that without such laws, manufacturers would be free to do as the y please without regard for the safety of the consumers who buy the ir products. As a result, they argue, shoddy merchandise would emerge , with every possible corner cut in order to lower costs, at the e xpense of quality. Not only would the shoddy merchandise be a rip-of f, however, but the products could likely be harmful as well. Propon ents of this point of view hail the new wave of warning labels and increased quality assurance that has resulted from recent product li ability legislation, confident in their conviction that it has made t he American marketplace a safer place to shop.Opponents of the current status-quo, however, cite the overwhelming am ount of litigation that has taken place as a result of stricter pro duct liability. A moderate approach is advised by this group, between the necessary safeguards that would prevent abuse of the system by the companies and the excessive consumer-protection laws that allow producers to be sued at the drop of a hat. These people argue that greed and the alluring possibility of easy money lead unscrupulous buyers to look for any excuse to bring minor grievances to court, h oping for a million-dollar outcome.As the situation stands now, the former camp is getting its way, re flecting society's priority of safety over economics. Recent lobbying by producers have begun to shift the tide, however. As abuse of pro duct liability laws continues and grows, courts are beginning to note the trend and take appropriate measures, casting a keener eye on s uch cases so as to distinguish between frivolous cases and more seri ous claims. In regard to the future of product liability legislation and its relation to our ever increasingly litigious society, only t ime will tell.46. It is stated that consumers who bring product liability problems to litigation____.A. are primarily motivated by the possibility of quick money through a lawsuitB. suffer injuries from faulty merchandise and deserve ap propriate compensationC. will find their options limited in the future as product liabilit y laws will move toward a more moderatepositionD. bring their issues to litigation based on both legitimate and pro fit-seeking ,grounds47. Manufacturers in the passage tend to ________ .A. invariably produce dangerous products that require legislation to e nsure safetyB. hold profit and cost-cutting in higher regard than consumer safetyC. be the victims of a legal institution that unfairly targets the mD. be bound by the current system, causing them to take caution in producing their products48. Those who favor less strict product liability laws believe that _________ .A. such laws curb producers’ability to create shoddy merchandise to attain greater profitB. the laws need to be modified to better s ense (he needs of both consumers and producersC. the results of su ch laws have been positive thus far. but need to be modifiedD. st rict product liability laws are unnecessary and should be disposed of49.The author's attitude toward the issue seems to be _________ .A. biasedB. puzzlingC. objectiveD. indifferent50. The main purpose of this passage is to ________ .A. present two opposing sides of an argument for the reader's consid erationB. educate the reader about the effect of product liability legislati on on the legal systemC. convince the reader that product liability laws need to be change dD. inform the reader of the current status of product liability l awsPart III Cloze(10 points)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For eac h blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corre sponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.A food bank is the center of food collection and distribution in a community. This food usually 51 from grocery stores or manufactur ers that have thousands of pounds of food to give 52 . Food banks operate intricate and advanced warehousing operations, 53 food is co llected, 54 and re-distributed to the community. Traditionally, a food bank does not distribute food 55 to those in 56 . 57, food banks serve an58 network, of organizations in their 59 communities. These organizations serve one part of the 60 and know the needs of the people there. 61 working, together, the food bank and the community organization can serve a greater 62Many food banks provide of peo ple in the most efficient way.Many food banks provide 63 services. They 64 from after school feedi ng programs, 65In the aftermath of welfare reform, food banks throughout the country are raising private Kids Cafe, to community agricul ture projects.66 to operate innovative programs and to 67 those who are hungry. Every food bank strives to be a hunger advocate producing 68 studi es and tracking statistics, while lending their hands-on expertise to get legislation passed and ensuring that the 69 of domestic hunger is not lost in the shadow of an70 boom".51. A. results B. collects C. comes D. gathers52. A. away B. out C. over D. off53. A. which B. where c. what D. how54. A. accepted B. offered c. processed D. sorted55. A instantly B. directly c voluntarily D. readily56. A need B haste c. debt D. order57. A. However B. Otherwise c. Instead D. Certainly58. A. abnormal B. optional c. imaginary D. extensive59. A. individual B. respective c. special D. widespread60. A. organization B. bank c. operation D. community61. A. Therefore B. Nevertheless C. Still D. Conversely62. A. amount B. deal C. number D. quantity63. A regular B. other C. daily D. depositing64. A.change B. alter C. differ D range distributing65. A. including B. providing C. managing D66. A. demands B. properties C. funds D. plans67. A. shelter B. feed C. clothe D. finance68. A. poverty B. welfare C. hunger D. food69. A. issue B. policy C. reform D. project70. A. economical B. economics C. economy D. economicPart IV Translation from English into Chinese. (15 points) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate th e underlined sentences into Chinese：Your translations must be writte n neatly on ANSWER SHEET.Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfar e regulations lead to family instability. They believe that those reg ulations, which exclude most poor husband-and-wife families from Aid t o Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. (71)Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families that can elig ibly get such grants would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The answer to this question depends o n the relative importance of three types of potential welfare recipie nts. The first is the “cheater”-the husband who is reported to have abandoned his family, but in fact disappears only when the social worker is in the neighborhood. ( 72) The second consists of a loving husband and devoted father who, sensing his own inadequacy as a family supporter, leaves so that h is wife and children may enjoy the relative benefit provided by publ ic assistance.There is very little evidence that these two types are significant.The third type is the unhappily married couple, who remain toget her out of a sense of economic responsibility or their children, bec ause of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. This group is large. (73) The formation, main tenance, and dissolution of the family is in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage a s seen by the individual members of the marriage. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal process has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in martial stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by soc iety, such as division of poverty, and child support. (74) Marital s tability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social p rice of instability in the marriage partners' social-economic group. E xpected income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of gove rnment-subsidized AFDC payments, it reduces the costs of separation an d guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instabi lity in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result to AFDC regu lations that exclude most intact families from coverage. (75) Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers bo th the benefits of marriage and the costs of its breach by providin g a system of government-subsidized payments.Part IV Writing(20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a co mposition.The writing covers the following: more deserts appearing in many area s and possible causes of the problem, suggestions for improving the living environment such as planting trees, and what you could do for environmental protection. You should write at least 200 words follow ing the outline given above.。

2011年334 综合能力一．概念（每题5分）理性诉求广告USP理论广告策划新闻敏感发散思维解释性报道二．简答（每题10分）为什么说广告是企业营销的重要手段？广告学有哪些方面的基本原理？广告主题理论与实践发展经历了哪几个阶段？坚持新闻真实性有哪些具体要求？新闻价值有哪些基本要素？新闻有哪些基本的结构形式？三．分析题（20分）在房地产市场发展的十余年间，始终存在着一种有意思的悖返现象：在北京、上海、广州、深圳等一线城市中，城市中心区的房价最高，并显示向外延伸递减的情况，但在二三线城市中，城市中心区的房价往往不比城市中环或外环地区高，甚至可能低于中环或外环地区，这种情况越在中小城市房地产市场中，表现越明显。

请运用所掌握的相关知识，分析该现象产生的原因。

四．写作题（40分）1.根据以下给定的材料，为“长白工坊蓝莓醇香酒”拟写一份广告词（10分）长白山的野生蓝莓醇香酒，以长白山700-2100米的原始生态环境中的野生高山蓝莓为原料，营养丰富，口感独特，有助于提高视力，缓解眼疲劳，蓝莓中的青花素还具有清除氧自由基、抗癌等作用，长白山的野生蓝莓果品质独特，具有与其他地区蓝莓果不同的风味，因此，用长白山野生蓝莓生产的果酒风味独特，营养丰富。

蓝莓果实中除了常规的糖、酸和Vc外，富含VE、VA、VB、SOD、熊果苷、蛋白质、花青苷、食用纤维以及丰富的钾、铁、锌、钙等矿质元素。

据对从美国引进的14个品种的蓝莓果实分析测定，每百克蓝莓鲜果中花青苷色素含量高达163毫克、蛋白质400-700毫克、脂肪500-600毫克、碳水化合物12.3-15.3毫克，维生素A高达81-100国际单位、维生素B 高达5.39国际单位，维生素都高于其他水果，微量元素也很高，每克鲜果中钙220-920微克，磷98-274微克，镁114-249微克，锌2.1-4.3微克，铁2.6-30.0微克，锗0.8-1.2微克，铜2.0-3.2微克。

长白工坊秉承“天然、纯正、健康、创新”的产品理念，长期专注于长白山天然健康产品的研发，依托长白山珍贵的原生态特产资源，已形成长白山野生蓝莓、有机植物营养油、天然高山花香、植物营养萃取、山珍特产、高山植物茶等多系列产品。