深圳初中 现在完成时

Unit 5 Educational Exchange---语法教案A1 The present perfect tense现在完成时1.现在完成时的基本含义：(1)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成了影响或后果。

e.g. They have bought a new car.<这个动作发生在过去，但不必追究其具体时间，对现在的影响是他们有了一辆新车。

>(2)过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。

e.g. They have lived in Shanghai for ten years．<这个动作的起点在十年前,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。

>在本单元的Grammar板块，我们将着重讨论现在完成时的第一种用法。

第二种用法将在下个单元的Grammar板块中讲解。

2.现在完成时的基本结构：（1）.规则动词过去分词同过去式。

play—played—played travel—travelled —travelledarrive—arrived—arrived try—tried—tried（2）.不规则动词的过去分词有时同过去式，但有时是不同的。

swim—swam—swum buy—bought—boughtgo—went—gone make—made—madecome—came—come grow—grew—grown4.现在完成时的作用：（1）.谈论最近的动作或行为：6点，Anne到家了。

那么6:05的时候，我们可以说：Anne has arrived home.Anne从6:30到7:00在吃晚饭。

那么7:01时，我们可以说：She's eaten her supper.（2）.谈论我们的生活经历：I've sailed across the Atlantic.I've seen gorillas in Africa.I haven't tried this dish．A2 The present perfect tense with already, ever and never。

⽜津深圳版⼋年级上册英语Unit5-6语法学案：现在完成时知识点及练习（含答案）现在完成时学案及练习（含答案）⼀、⽤法1）表⽰过去发⽣的某⼀动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

Eg:I have lost my pen.（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这⽀笔）Li Ming has just turned off the light.（说明现在灯关上了）2）表⽰过去发⽣的动作，⼀直延续到现在甚⾄有可能继续延续下去.Eg: He has lived here for 30 years.（现在还住在这⼉）They've known each other since childhood.（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）⼆、构成及句型转换★基本句型结构(have/has + done):三、时间状语在⽤法1中常与already ,yet ,ever ,never ,just等词连⽤；在⽤法2中，常与for或since 引导的时间状语连⽤。

Eg. I have already had breakfast.=I have had breakfast already.I haven’t finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet ?I have ever been to Hangzhou.Have you ever been to Hangzhou?I have never been to Hangzhou.I have lived here for 5 years.I have been here since 2010.= I have been here since 8 years ago.= I have been here since I graduated in 2010.四、现在完成时重难点（1）现在完成时和⼀般过去式的区别：两者都表⽰发⽣在过去的动作，所以极易混淆。

现在完成时授课教师：叶碧洁授课时间：2015年4月22日现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。

句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。

现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。

现在完成时-过去分词现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。

现在完成时句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。

现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。

如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。

动词现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。

动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)。

句式现在完成时的句式1. 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't （hasn't）＋过去分词...”。

如：I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。

2. 一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词...？如：—Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？—Yes, I have. 是的，我已经做完了。

（No, I haven't. 不，我还没有做完。

）3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词...？如：How many times have you been to the Great Wall？你去过长城几次？提示：肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。

如：I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。

Present Perfect Tense现在完成时By Cindy一、知识内容分析本节课通过归纳法，让学生自主归纳出现在完成时的五种用法，并利用这五种用法来解决相应问题。

三、学习过程Step 1 Listen to the tape, fill in the blanks：Step 2 Look at the sentences and summarize five usages of present perfect tense.Situation 11.The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.2.Has the train arrived, yet?3.I have had lunch already.Situation 24.We have studied English for about four years.5.We have lived in Liji Middle School since 2007.6.I haven’t seen Mary so far.7.I have heard nothing from him up to now.8.Until now, the Americans have been playing a very delicate political game.9.He hasn’t talked with me in the past few days.10.For/In/During the last/past few years there have been great changes in our town.11.The price has increased recently, but I doubt whether it will remain so.12.Have you talked to her lately?13.It’s been terribly hot these few days.14.He has been there ever since you left.Situation 315.The police have just finished searching the area.Situation 416.I don’t think you have ever tried talking with Gleed, have you?17.They have never had anything spare-- they’ve always used it all.18.I have been to Egypt twice.Situation 519.It is/It has been 3 years since they got married.20.That/ It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.21.That/ It is the most interesting film that I have seen.Conclusion:现在完成时用法--1)现在完成时表示动作发生在_______________，但对现在_________________。

现在完成时学习目标：现在完成时的用法；现在完成时定义：①表示一个动作在说话之前已经完成，而且这个动作的结果对现在造成了影响；②表示一个动作从过去已经开始并且持续到现在，并有可能会继续下去。

结构：肯定式：主语+have/has +过去分词+其他否定式：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他疑问式：Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？简略回答：（肯定）Yes,主语+have/has.(否定) No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.Eg: Have you ever seen the film?(肯定)Yes, I have.(否定)No, I haven’t.现在完成时的用法：（1）表示一个动作发生在过去，且已经完成，并且重点强调对现在造成影响或结果。

此时，常与时间副词already(已经)，yet(还，已经)，just（刚刚，仅仅）,ever(曾经)，never(从不)，before（以前），so far (到目前为止)，up to now(到目前为止)等连用。

常用时间副词区分：1、already (已经)，通常用在肯定句中，放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。

Eg：I have already read this book.I have washed my clothes already.2、yet (还，已经)，用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。

Eg: Has he found his watch yet? 他已经找到他的手表了吗？No ,not yet. 不，还没有。

The woman hasn’t found her dog yet.3、ever 意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间。

Eg: Have you ever been to HongKong?I haven’t ever spoken to her .4、never,意为“从来没有”，常与before 连用，never常放在助动词和过去分词之间，before常放在句末。

一，*现在完成时1，定义：现在完成时表示现在完成或发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与already, yet, ever等词连用。

2，构成：①陈述句，主语+ have/ has + 过去分词+其它（当主语是第三人称单数时，用has）。

He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他去过长城两次了。

I have （already）swept the floor. 我已经打扫了地板。

They have left their huge wooden horse outside the main gates.②否定式, 主语+ have not (haven’t) +过去分词+其它I haven’t (have not) swept the floor.③疑问句，Has/ Have +主语+ 过去分词+其它肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has.否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.Have they won? Yes, they have.No, they haven’t.Has he finished his homework? Yes, he has.No, he hasn’t.例如：1, Have you ever drunk coke?由此句的ever 可知，应该使用现在完成时，drink 的过去分词drunk, 这是一个一般疑问句，所以将have 提前，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

2，I have already read the interesting story book.由此句的already 可知，应该使用现在完成时，read 的过去分词是原形read。

3，I haven’t read the interesting story book yet.由此句的时间状语yet 可知，应使用现在完成时，句中的haven’t 是现在完成时的否定形式，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

初三上第四单元 完成时态复习专项训练-、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad •Maybe they ___________ what f s happened to him. A. knew B ・ have known C. must know D.will know 2、 H e has ________ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、 H ave you met Mr Li ___________ ?A. just B ・ ago C.before D ・ a moment ago 4、 T he famous writer ______ one new book in the past two year. A ・ is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written 5、 一Our country _____ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even _______ • A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C ・ has changed ; better D. changed ; better 6> Zhao Lan _______ already ______ i n this school for two years.A. was ; studying C. has ; studied7、We ______ Xiao B. will; studyD. are ; studying Li since she wasA. knowB. had known C ・ have known D. knew 8> Harry Potter is a very nice film A. .1 ______ i t twice.C. sawD.see 9、 ——These farmers have been to the United States.Leallv ? Whenthere ? A. will they go B. did they goc. do they goD. have they gone 10、 — vou your homework yet? —Yes . I it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished c. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish 11、 His father the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been 12、 —Do you know him well ?Sure.We friends since ten years ago. D. have made in C. have become here? will see B ・ have seen A. 13、 A. 14、 A.were B. have been 一How long have you 一About two months, been B. gone Hurry up! The play C. come D. ________ for ten arrived minutes. has begun B. had begun a little girl.C ・ have gone toD ・ have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ______ ? A. so they B. don^t they C ・ have they D. haven^t they19> _____ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _____ to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC ・ How long, cameD ・ How far, arrived 20 > His uncle for more than 9 years- A. has come here B ・ has started to work C ・ has lived there D. has left the universityA 完形填空Jim was a worker. One of his feet was bigger than 1_・ He couldn't —2 ________ the right shoes3 his feet. One day his friend Mike said to him “4 don't you go to a shoemaker? A good shoemaker can 5— you the right shoes." —6 Jim went to the shoemaker nearMike's home, very soon the shoemaker finished the work ・ Jim _____ 7 _ the shoes and wasn't happy. He 8 the shoemaker, “ You aren't a —9 shoemaker! I wanted you to make me one shoe bigger than the other, 10 you made me one shoe smaller than the other." ( )1. A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. that one ( )2. A. see B. look for C. find D. find out ( )3.A. for B. with C. on D. of ( )4. A. When B. Where C. How D. Why ( )5. A. make B. pass C. do D. give ( )6. A. Then B. But C. So D. Because ( )7. A. saw B. watched C. found D. looked at ( )& A. said B. said to C. spoke D. talked ( )9. A. good B. bad C. right D. kind ( )10. A. thenB. andC. butD. soB 篇完型填空：How do you spend your vacation? Many Americans like to have their vacations in ________ [ countries. One day an American 2 came to China. This was her first time to China and she wanted to 3 some friends there. She met a Chinese boy, Wang Tong. Wang Tong was only ten years old, and he always wanted to practice 4, So he came up and said “ 5‘‘ to her, andthen he began his first talk with a person 6 an English-speaking country.“How old are you?，' Wang Tong 7 then. "IF 8 • Please don't ask a lady about he r 9 J she answered.Wang Tong was surprised. He didn't know 10・ Can you help him?1・ A. another B ・ else C ・ other D ・ any 2. A.man B. boy C. woman D. child 3. A.makeB. beingC. doD. havingC. 15、 A. 16、 has It is been on __ ten B. has Miss Green isn't A.has gone B. went My parents _______ have been in 17、 A.D. began years since he left the army. C. will D. was in the office • she _________ to the library. C-will go D. has been Shandong for ten years. B. have been to4. A.speak English B. speak Chinese C.speaking English D. speaking Chinese5. A.OK B.Hello C. Sorry D. Good-bye6. A.to B. at C. on D. from7. A.asked B. told C.read D. spoke8. A.sure B.shy C. happy D.sorry9. A.dinner B. age C.job D. family10. A.when B. why C. what D. where•阅读理解A.Peter is thirteen years old. He is in Grade Two this year. He likes to play football and watch football matches・ And he often reads newspapers. He does his best to know where and when there is going to be a football match. Now Peter is having lunch・ He is listening to the radio, too. He is very happy because there is going to be a nice football match on TV at four this afternoon・ He wants to watch it very much. But he is going to have English and Chinese lessons・ He thinks hard and finds a way.“ Hello, Mrs・ Black/7 Peter says to his teacher on the telephone, “ Peter is ill in bed. He wants to ask for half a day's leave (请半天假).”“ Oh, Fm sorry to hear that] says Mrs. Black, “ But who's that?"“ It's my father, Mrs. Black."( )1. Peter is a ______ ・A.middle school studentB. Young Pioneer C・ worker D. teacher( )2. Peter will be in ______ next year.A.Grade TwoB. Grade ThreeC. Grade OneD. school( )3・ Peter often reads news newspaper because _____ .A・ he likes to read news B. he likes to read stories. ・C. he want to know when and where a football match will beD. his father wants him to read them( )4. Peter wants to ask for half a day's leave because _______ ・A.his father is ill in bedB.hc wants to watch the football matchC.hc doesn't like to have English or Chinese lessonsD.he is ill in bed( )5. Where sentence (句了)is right?A.Mrs. Black is going to take Peter to see a doctorB.Peter likes to watch TV at four in the afternoon.C.Peter is a stupid (笨的)boy.D.Peter isn^ an honest (诚实的)boy.四单元课后词汇练习：Feel ______ of对什么•…感到惭愧___________ sb mad让某人受不了取笑卞定决心________ 因为___________ 想起番羽译：be on a diet ( _______________ ), growup( ______ ), be afraid of ( ___ )ask for advice( __________ )，out of place( ________ ), hear from( _______ )一、句型转换。

2020-2021年牛津深圳版初二英语上册语法讲解Unit 5 现在完成时（一）现在完成时的用法一、表示现在提起已经发生的动作。

在对话之前已经发生的动作，由于要对动作的结果进行讨论，因此现在提起。

也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

通常和副词never, ever, just, already, yet等连用。

形式是：have/has（已经）+ done（动词的过去分词）例句：Sarah has already seen many places of interest in Beijing.Have you seen the Great Wall yet?No, I have not seen the Great Wall yet.Have you ever visited the Summer Palace?No, I have never visited the Summer Palace.二、表示过去已经发生的动作持续到现在。

在对话之前已经发生的动作，持续到现在才进行讨论。

常和时间状语before, recently, once, twice, for, since, yet, so far, up to now, many times等连用。

例句：I have known him before.I have been to Japan once.I have been to Beijing for many times.I have lived in Shenzhen for 10 years.I have studied since 2004.I have finished half homework so far / up to now.现在完成时的结构【注：动词的过去分词构成规则】规则变化【即学即练】1. 写出下列单词的过去分词形式work _________ finish ___________ arrive___________ change_________ see___________ have___________ marry__________ visit__________ miss___________ meet___________ be __________2.It’s nice to see you again. We each other since 2014.A. won’t seeB. don’t seeC. haven’t seenD. didn’t see3. ---_____ you ever _____ Han Hong sing live ?---Of course. A couple of times in different cities.A. Have, seenB. Did, seeC. Do, seeD. Are, seeing 【参考答案】1. worked; finished; arrived; changed; seen; had; married; visited; missed; met; been 2-3 CA综合练习1. Shared bikes ______ quite popular among big cities in China since last April.A. becameB. have beenC. will becomeD. becomes2. --- Have you heard from him______？--- Yes, I've_______heard from him.A. yet, alreadyB. already, yetC. yet, ever3. In the past few years , great changes ______ in Sichuan.A. take placeB. took placeC. have been taken placeD. have taken place4. John, have you ______ the book I lent you?A. bringB. broughtC. bringsD. bringing5. John __________ in Shanghai since he left his hometown.A. livesB. livedC. has livedD. will live6. Ken went to Canada five years ago and ________ a Chinese teacher for adults since then.A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became7. My life ______a lot in the last five years.A. have changedB. has changedC. changedD. will change8. The student ______ his homework at home again. That makes Mr. Wu very angry.A. has forgottenB. forgotC. has leftD. left9. --- Look! Someone ______ the book self back to the corner.--- Well, it wasn’t me. I didn't do it.A. is movingB. was movingC. has moved10. --- How long______you _______Beijing?--- For about nine years.A. have, arrived inB. have, taught inC. have, got toD. did, reach11. We _______in the same school since three years ago.A. are studyingB. have studiedC. will studyD. study12. He____English for 5years. Now he can speak English very well.A. studiedB. has studiedC. studyD. studies13. The professor reached Nanjing last Wednesday. He there for 10 days.A. has beenB. has gotC. has reachedD. has arrived14. --- Why don't you go to the movie with me, Linda?--- Because I it twice.A. seeB. sawC. will seeD. have seen15. Diana can’ t go to the farm with her classmates because she a bad cold.A. will catchB. is catchingC. has caughtD. is caught当堂练习一、单项选择( ) 1. Shanghai Disney Park will be opened on June 16th. But the tickets for the first day have______sold out.A. everB. justC. neverD. already( ) 2. --- I haven’t watched the movie______. How about you?--- Oh, I have______watched it twice.A.yet, alreadyB. already, yetC.already, alreadyD.yet, yet( ) 3. --- Have you been to the Great Wall______.--- No, not______.A. already, yetB. yet, alreadyC. yet, yetD. already, already( ) 4. --- Has your sister finished reading ______?--- Yes. She has______finished it.A. yet, yetB. yet, alreadyC. already, yet( ) 5. I have______finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago.A. yetB. alreadyC. everD. never( ) 6. --- Who will teach______oral English next term?Can it be a new teacher?--- Perhaps.But our head teacher hasn’t told us______.A. your, alreadyB. you, yetC. you, alreadyD. your, yet( ) 7. --- What a nice dress! How long _____ you ______ it？--- Only 2 weeks.A. will…buyB. did…buyC. are …havingD. have…had( ) 8. --- _____ free lunches _____ to students in all schools in China？--- No, only in the countryside.A. Are, servedB. Do, serveC. Is, servedD. Have, served( ) 9. Your parents _______you many things in their lifetime, but you may notrealize that until they are gone.A. giveB. gaveC. have givenD. were given( ) 10. --- Do you know the film Big Hero 6？--- Sure. I like it very much and I __________ it three times since it was on.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. am seeing( ) 11. --- Would you care for a cup of tea？--- I one. Thank you all the same.A. have hadB. HadC. would haveD. will have( ) 12. --- Let's go to see the show.--- I _____ it. It’s very interesting.A. sawB. seeC. am seeingD. have seen( ) 13. --- The TV program V oice of Youth is really great.--- I think so. It______the hearts of lots of fans since it started.A. lose and touchB. won and touchedC. has won and touchedD. has lost and hit( ) 14. I_______this dictionary yesterday.A. have boughtB. boughtC. have hadD. buy( ) 15. School violence______much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.A. drewB. will drawC. has drawnD. was drawing二、根据句意用since或for填空，使句子意思完整、通顺。

2020-2021年牛津深圳版初二英语上册语法讲解Unit 6 现在完成时（二）现在完成时的五个考点1.have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别have been to +地点表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。

(once ,twice...)have gone to +地点表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。

(where is sb ?)have been in +地点表示在某地呆多长时间。

（for…../ since …..）Eg: I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。

--Where is Tom?-- He has gone to America. 汤姆在哪里？他去了美国。

I have been in Shenzhen for two years/ since two years ago. 我已经在深圳两年了。

2. 现在完成时和一般过去时区别现在完成时与现在有关的时态，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。

一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关，若询问该动作发生在过去的具体的时间时，只能用一般过去时。

试比较：The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了。

（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前来的。

（强调动作发生时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教了十五年。

（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能继续）I taught here a year ago. 我一年前在这儿教书。

（表示我现在已经不在这任教了）3.since 和for 区别since + 时间点（过去一个时间点/ 一段时间+ ago/ 从句）for + 时间段,与延续性动词连用。

如：I have worked in Shenzhen since 2007.I have worked in Shenzhen since five years ago.I have lived here since I was ten years old.I have worked in Shenzhen for five years.4. 短暂性动词和延续性动词区别① 短暂性动词：表示不能延续的动作，如：open, die, close, begin, come, go, move,borrow, lend, buy 等① 延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep,have 等短暂动词不能和时间段连用，若与时间段连用，必须将短暂性动词改成延续性动词。