专业英语知识精华

英语专业必备知识点总结English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and it is the lingua franca of international communication. As a result, the study of English as a major is a popular choice for many students in universities and colleges. The English major encompasses a wide range of knowledge and skills, including literature, linguistics, writing, and language teaching. In this article, we will summarize some of the essential knowledge points that are necessary for students majoring in English.1. LiteratureLiterature is one of the core components of an English major. It covers a wide range of genres, including poetry, drama, and fiction. Students majoring in English should have a good understanding of the major literary periods, such as the Renaissance, Romanticism, Realism, and Modernism. They should also be familiar with the major literary movements and the works of influential writers. In addition, students should have a good grasp of literary analysis techniques, such as close reading, critical theory, and historical and cultural contexts. A solid foundation in literature is essential for students majoring in English, as it provides the groundwork for understanding the cultural and historical significance of the English language.2. LinguisticsLinguistics is another important component of an English major. It is the scientific study of language and its structure, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Students majoring in English should have a good understanding of the major areas of linguistics, as well as the basic concepts and theories in each area. They should also be familiar with the major developments and debates in linguistics, as well as the application of linguistic theories to the analysis of English language usage. In addition, students should have a good grasp of the relationship between language and society, as well as the role of language in communication and identity. A solid foundation in linguistics is essential for students majoring in English, as it provides the groundwork for understanding the structure and use of the English language.3. WritingWriting is a fundamental skill for students majoring in English. It encompasses a wide range of genres, styles, and formats, including academic essays, creative writing, professional writing, and technical writing. Students majoring in English should have a good understanding of the principles of effective writing, including organization, coherence, clarity, and style. They should also be familiar with the major types of writing, as well as the conventions and standards for each type. In addition, students should have a good grasp of the writing process, including brainstorming, drafting, revising, and editing. A solid foundation in writing is essential for students majoring in English, as it provides the groundwork for effective communication and expression in the English language.4. Language TeachingLanguage teaching is another important component of an English major. It encompasses a wide range of knowledge and skills, including language acquisition, pedagogy, assessment, and curriculum design. Students majoring in English should have a good understanding of the major theories and approaches to language teaching, as well as the principles and techniques for teaching English as a second or foreign language. They should also be familiar with the major factors that affect language learning, such as individual differences, motivation, and learning strategies. In addition, students should have a good grasp of the practical aspects of language teaching, including lesson planning, materials development, and classroom management. A solid foundation in language teaching is essential for students majoring in English, as it provides the groundwork for effective and successful language instruction.ConclusionThe English major encompasses a wide range of knowledge and skills, including literature, linguistics, writing, and language teaching. Students majoring in English should have a good understanding of each of these areas, as well as the connections and intersections between them. With a solid foundation in these essential knowledge points, students majoring in English will be well-prepared for a wide range of careers and further study in the field of English language and literature.。

专业英语专升本知识点总结1. English grammarGrammar is one of the most important aspects of learning English. It is the foundation of the language and without a good understanding of grammar, it is difficult to build a coherent and understandable sentence. Some key grammar points include verb tenses, prepositions, pronouns, articles, and the order of adjectives. Understanding these grammar rules and how to use them correctly is essential for effective communication in English.2. VocabularyVocabulary is another crucial aspect of learning English. Without a good grasp of vocabulary, it is impossible to express yourself effectively. You need to be able to understand, recognize, and use a wide range of words and phrases in order to communicate fluently. This includes both general vocabulary and specialized vocabulary related to specific fields such as business, finance, technology, and medicine.3. Reading comprehensionBeing able to understand written English is an essential skill for adult learners. This includes understanding the main idea, identifying supporting details, and understanding the writer's purpose and tone. Being able to comprehend written material is critical for academic success and is also important for everyday life, as it allows you to read and understand important information such as news articles, emails, and technical documents.4. Writing skillsBeing able to write effectively is another important skill for adult learners. This includes writing clear and coherent essays, reports, emails, and other types of documents. To do this, you need to be able to organize your thoughts, use correct grammar and vocabulary, and structure your writing in a logical and coherent manner. Writing is a key skill for academic success, as well as for many professional and personal situations.5. Speaking and listeningBeing able to speak and understand spoken English is crucial for effective communication. This includes being able to hold a conversation, ask and answer questions, and express your thoughts and opinions. Listening skills are also important, as they allow you to understand what others are saying and respond appropriately. Being able to speak and listen effectively is essential for social, professional, and academic situations.6. PronunciationGood pronunciation is critical for effective communication in English. If your pronunciation is poor, it can be difficult for others to understand you. This includes being able to produce the correct sounds, stress, and intonation patterns, as well as understanding how differentwords are pronounced in different contexts. Improving your pronunciation is essential for effective communication in English.7. Cultural knowledgeUnderstanding the cultural aspects of English-speaking countries is important for effective communication. This includes understanding social customs, business practices, and everyday life. It also includes being aware of different accents, dialects, and regional variations in English, as well as understanding the cultural context of different expressions and idioms. Understanding the cultural aspects of English is important for social and professional interactions.8. Test preparationFinally, many adult learners are preparing for English proficiency tests such as the TOEFL, IELTS, or Cambridge exams. These tests measure a person's ability to read, write, speak, and understand English, and are often used for academic or professional purposes. Test preparation involves understanding the format of the test, practicing test-taking strategies, and improving your skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening.In conclusion, adult learners of English need to focus on a range of key skills and knowledge points in order to communicate effectively in English. This includes grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, speaking and listening, pronunciation, cultural knowledge, and test preparation. By mastering these skills and knowledge points, adult learners can improve their ability to communicate in English, both in everyday life and in academic and professional contexts.。

英语词汇精华总结英语词汇是学习英语的基础，掌握丰富的词汇量不仅可以提升我们的听说读写能力，还可以拓宽我们的思维，丰富我们的表达方式。

本文将为大家总结一些英语词汇的精华，帮助您在英语学习中更加得心应手。

一、名词（Noun）1. 人类（human）人类是地球上最智慧的生物之一。

我们应该珍惜人类的知识和文明。

2. 自然（nature）自然的美丽和伟大总是让人们惊叹不已。

山川湖泊、花草树木都是自然界的杰作。

3. 事物（thing）事物有无穷无尽的种类，每一种事物都有其独特的特点和用途。

4. 地方（place）地方可以是现实的，也可以是想象中的。

我们生活在这片美丽的土地上感到非常幸福。

二、动词（Verb）1. 做（do）无论做什么事情，尽我们最大的努力是非常重要的。

2. 说（say）沟通是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分。

通过说话，我们可以表达自己的想法和情感。

3. 学习（learn）学习是获取知识和技能的一种方式。

通过不断学习，我们可以不断成长和改进自己。

4. 帮助（help）帮助他人是一种美德。

当我们能够帮助别人时，我们也会感到自己的价值和意义。

三、形容词（Adjective）1. 快乐（happy）快乐是人们追求的一种情感状态。

只有在快乐中，我们才能真正感受到生活的美好。

2. 美丽（beautiful）美丽是每一个人都向往的。

无论是自然的美丽还是人文的美丽，都能给人以无尽的享受。

3. 聪明（smart）聪明是一种宝贵的品质。

聪明的人能够迅速理解和解决问题。

4. 新鲜（fresh）新鲜的事物总是让人感到惊喜和兴奋。

保持一颗对新事物敏感的心态，我们会发现生活的精彩。

四、副词（Adverb）1. 如何（how）无论做什么事情，我们都应该问自己如何去做，如何去完成。

2. 为何（why）为何做某事是我们需要思考的问题。

通过思考为何做某事，我们可以找到更好的方式去解决问题。

3. 现在（now）现在是最重要的时刻，我们应该抓住每一刻机会，去做我们想做的事情。

一、词汇1. 英译中1、engine 发动机2、 piston 活塞3、crankshaft 曲轴4、clutch 离合器5、chassis 底盘6、 automobile 汽车7、body 车身 8、 light vehicle 轻型车9、heavy commercial vehicle 重型商务车 10、 truck deck 行李箱盖11、hood （发动机）罩 12、 power unit 动力装置 13、compression stroke压缩行程 14、transmission 变速器 15、camshaft传输凸轮轴16、propeller shaft 传动轴17、power train传动系18、carburetor 化油器 19、 washer 垫圈 20、steering system 转向系统21、suspension system 悬架系统22、braking system 刹车系统 23、torque converter 变矩器24、timing gear 正时齿轮 25、 final drive 主减速器，后桥 26、differential差速器 27、 internal combustion engine 内燃机28、electrical equipment 电气设备29、drive shaft 传动轴30、brake shoe 制动蹄 31、 flywheel 飞轮 32、 steering column 转向柱 33、 leaf spring 钢板弹簧 34、 coil spring 螺旋簧35、water jacket 水套 36、air bag 气囊 37、oxygen sensor 氧气传感器38、overhead-camshaft 顶置凸轮轴 39、 multiplex bus 多路传输总线40、throttle valve 节气门41、exhaust pipe 排气管42、torsion bar 扭杆43、differential gear 差动齿轮44、distributor 分电器 45、toe-in 轮胎前束 46、sun gear太阳轮47、planetary gear 行星齿轮48、regulator调节器 49、axle shaft 半轴50、valve timing 气门正时51、front suspension 前悬架52、intake valve 进气门 53、kinetic energy 动能 54、retarding braking 缓速移动55、 connecting rod 连杆 56、engine block发动机缸体57、gasoline engine 汽油机58、drum brake 鼓式制动器59、service braking 行车制动60、combustion chamber 燃烧室61、steering wheel 转向轮 62、air cooling 空气冷却 63、spark plug 火花塞 64、starter 起动机 65、 alternator 交流发电机66、valve system 阀门系统 67、 valve clearance气门间隙68、valve timing 气门正时 69、valve train 气门传动 70、 gear ratio传动比 71、 inline engine 直列发动机 72、distributed system 分布系统 73、varied cylinder count 可变的气缸数 74、 excess-air factor 过量空气系数 75、air-fuel ratio 空燃比76、diesel engine 柴油发动机 77、 parking braking 驻车制动 78、disc brake 盘式制动79、fuel pump 燃料80、thermostat 节温器81、air-fuel mixture 混合空气燃料 82、 steering box转向器83、shock absorber 减振器84、swept volume 有效容积85、clearance volume 余隙容积 86、 intake manifold 进气总管87、cylinder sleeve 气缸套88、piston ring活塞环89、crankcase 曲轴箱90、universal joint 万向节91、liquid cooling液体冷却 92、cylinder head 气缸盖 93、 weak mixture 稀混合气 94、rich mixture 浓混合气 95、induction stroke进气行程 96、compression stroke压缩行程 97、 power stroke 做功行程 98、 exhaust stroke 排气行程 99、 engine lubrication发动机润滑 100、compression ratio 压缩比 101、 filter 滤清器102、sliding-mesh transmission滑动啮合变速器103、controller area network(CAN) 控制器局域网104、constant-mesh transmission 常啮合变速器 105、 synchro-mesh transmission 同步啮合传动 106、 windscreen wiper 风窗刮水器 107、seat-belt 座椅安全带108、continuously variable transmission 无级变速器109、front wheel drive 前轮驱动 110、 anti-theft system 防盗系统111、brake by-wire 线控制动 112、 fault-tolerant 容错113、engine capacity 发动机容量 114、steering system 转向系统115、charging system 充电系统 116、 passenger inertial restraint system 惯性约束系统2、英文缩写1汽油直接喷射GDI 2废气再循坏EGR 3自动变速器AT 4防抱死制动系统ABS5多用途汽车MPV 6上止点TDC 7前轮驱动FWD 8电子稳定性程序ESP9车辆识别号VIN 10电动助力转向EPS 11液力助力转向HPS 12多点燃油喷射MPI 13手动变速器MT 14运动型多用途车SUV 15下止点BDC16全轮驱动AWD 17电子控制模块ECM18诊断故障代码DTC19牵引力制动系统TCS 20三元催化转换器TWC 21车载诊断装置OBD 22电子式气阀控制EVC 23无级变速器CVT 24电液制动EHB 25机电制动EMB 26控制器局域网络CAN 27曲轴箱强制通风PCV 28汽车工程学会SAE29智能型可变配气正时和气门升程VTEC 30电子控制燃油喷射EFI 31怠速控制ISC32歧管绝对压力MAP 33专业维修工具SST 34车辆控制模块VCM35内部局域网LAN 36汽车工程师协会SAE 37空调AC 38绝对压力传感器APS39电控制动力分配EBD 40电子点火提前角ESA 41无线遥控门锁RKE 42国际标准机构ISO 43全球卫星定位系统GPS 44混合动力电动汽车HEV 45低排放汽车LEV 46发光二极管LED 47液晶显示器LCD 48原装设备制造厂OEM 49顶置凸轮轴OHC 50顶置气门OHV51辅助约束系统SRS3. 连线1).Common Rail Injection System 共轨燃油喷射系统2).Electronic valve control 电子式气阀控制3).Turbo Charger System 涡轮增压系统4).0verhead Camshaft Valve Train 顶置凸轮轴气阀传动5).Carburetor Fuel System 化油器式燃油系统6.Three-way Catalytic Converter 三元催化转化器7).Exhaust-gas recirculation 废气再循环8).brake fluid reservoir 制动液贮存箱9).Evaporative Emission Control 蒸发排放控制10).fail-safe mode 失效安全模式二、判断对错( ) 1. Automobile parts can be grouped into three major categories: body, engine and chassis.( ) 2. BDC is the position of the crank and position when the piston is farther from the crankshaft.( ) 3. Engine capacity is the swept volume of all the cylinders.( ) 4. Bore is the internal diameter of the cylinder.( ) 5. Gasoline engine is called a compression-ignition engine.( ) 6. Diesel and gasoline engine are both internal-combustion engines. ( ) 7. The three most harmful emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon dioxideand nitrogen oxides.( ) 8. In engines there are two methods of cooling: air cooling and liquid cooling.(√ ) 9. Alternator in the vehicle only produces electricity to operatethe various electrical circuits.( ) 10. When the driver turns the steering wheel ，the steering gear is centered.( ) 11. Stroke is the distance between BDC and TDC.( ) 12. If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engineis called an external combustion engine.( ) 13. TDC is the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft( ) 14. Diesel is called a compression-ignition engine.( ) 15. Diesel engine has higher compression ratio than gasoline engine. ( ) 16. The engine acts as the power unit.( ) 17. The vehicle is classified as rear-wheel drive front-wheel drive, four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.( ) 18.When a vehicle is cornered the axle shaft can maintains its driving action.( ) 19. Exposed to the air, drum brakes radiate the heat to the air better than disc brakes.( ) 20. There are two types of transmissions-manual and automatic. ( ) 21. In an automobile, the electrical voltage is created by chemical action in the storage battery and by magnetic induction in the alternator. ( ) 22. The chassis includes the power train, steering, suspension, and braking system.( ) 23. Swept volume is the volume between TDC and BDC.( ) 24. Clearance volume is the volume of the space above the piston whenit is at TDC.( ) 25. Compression ratio ε= ( swept volume + clearance volume)/( clearance volume).( ) 26. The spark-ignition engine operating strokes are induction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhauststroke.( ) 27. The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil throughthe engine.( ) 28. Rear-wheel drive has advantages over front-wheel drive.( ) 29. In order to reduce the speed of the vehicle, the brakes have toconvert the kinetic energy to chemical energy.( ) 30. Since 1976, all cars have used disc brakes on the front wheels.( ) 31. Non-power brakes rely on the driver's foot pressure to operate.( ) 32. The rear suspension is more complicated than the front suspension. ( ) 33. When discharging, PbO and Pb in the Lead-acid battery react withH SO to form PbSO .( ) 34. The charging system uses the mechanical energy of the engine togenerate electricity.( ) 35. Passenger restraint systems consist of air bag and seat-belttightening system.三、语句英译中1. The internal combustion engine is most common: thisobtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside theengine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel.内燃发动机最常用的，它是通过燃烧发动机气缸内的液体燃料获得动力。

专业英语⼀、词语搭配1、polysome (g)RNA and ribosomes2、pinocytosis (n)cell drinking3、exocytosis (k)expel4、plastid (i)in plants only5、Golgi complex (o)packaging6、flagella (m)whiplike7、phagocytosis (f)engulfment 8、lysosome (b)baglike structure 9、basal body (d)where flagella grow 10、vacuole(l)vacant11、nucleus (j)control room12、chemotactic (e)toward or away from a chemical stimulus13、ribosome (a)protein synthesis 14、cytoskeleton (h)weblike15、mitochondrion (c)power generator 16、C3 plant (e)moist climates 17、pigment (n)absorbs 18、light reactions (g)water oxidized 19、thylakoid (a)surrounds a lumen 20、ground state (o)most stable21、reaction center (j)a specific site22、photorespiration (l)inefficient dark reaction23、RuBP (d)electron acceptor for CO224、Calvin-Benson cycle (c)light-independent reactions25、C4 plant (m)dry climates 26、photon (h)wave and particle 27、chlorophyll (b)principal pigment 28、chloroplast (k) banana shape29、carbon cycle (i) greenhouse effect30、light-independent reactions (f)light optional⼆、判断1、F Unlike other cell membranes, the nuclear envelope has no pores.2、T Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes.3、T White blood cells work by phagocytosis.4、F Prokaryotic cells have microbodies.5、T Mitochondria are self-replicating.6、F Carotenoids are colorless molecules.7、F Grana are surrounded by stomata.8、F Photosynthesis occurs in all living thing.9、T Photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.10、F The reaction center in photosystem II is P70011、F Chlorophyll b is not found in any prokaryote.12、T Cyclic photophosphorylation produces additional ATP in plants.13、F The chemiosmotic theory applies to mitochondria but not to chloroplasts.14、T Light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.15、T The Calvin-Benson cycle may take place either in light or in the dark.16、T Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.17、T C3 plants grow slowly in hot, dry weather.18、T Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in green plants.三、多选⼀1、Ribosomes (a)a、are organelles involved in protein synthesis2、Transformation of energy and storage of energy in the cell are the mainfunction of (d)d、mitochondria3、Chromoplasts are a type of (d)d、plastid4、Each individual cell is supported by a network of filaments and tubules known as (d)d、a cytoskeleton5、Proteins synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum are modified (c)c、in the Golgi complex6、An organelle isolated from an animal cell is found to contain large number of enzymes involved in energy transformation. This organelle is most likely to be (c)c、a mitochondrion7、In the early 1900s the discovery that the nucleus contains nucleic acids and proteins led many scientists to believe that(d)d、genes are made of protein8、In the DNA molecule (e)e、all of the above9、The double helix model of DNA structure was proposed by (b)b、Watson and Tatum10、The phosphate group in the DNA molecule (b)b、links the 5-C sugar of one nucleotide to the 3-C sugar of the next nucleotide11、DNA replication is termed semiconservative because (d)d、each new molecule has one strand from the original molecule12、Energy to power the sperm flagellum is generated by (a)a、mitochondria13、Meiosis is completed in egg cells (e)e、the egg,s time of release14、Spontaneous development of an unfertilized egg is known as (d)d、parthenogenesis15、The end product of cleavage is a (c)c、blastula16、A cell that can only give rise to cells with a specific function is（b）b、differentiated17、Morphogenesis involves a change in (c)c、cell shape四、阅读理解1、What does the passage mainly discuss?B、Why birds migrate2、According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?C、Feathers3、In paragraph one, the word “constant” is closest in meaning to which of the following?B、Invariable4、In paragraph two, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds thatB、migrate instinctively5、The passage mentions all of the following as changes that birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience EXEPTD、increased appetite6、In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds,C、exposure to light五、英译汉1、If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence,what would you say?译：如果让你⽤⼀句话对你的⽂章进⾏总结，你会怎么说？2：Focusing on your central message.译：聚焦于你的中⼼思想。

专业英语词汇大全专业英语词汇对于学习和专业发展至关重要。

作为一名学习者或从事专业工作的人士，熟练掌握专业英语词汇是提高专业素养和沟通能力的关键。

本文将为您提供一份专业英语词汇大全，涵盖各个领域的相关术语和常用词汇。

一、商务英语词汇1. Business（商务）: enterprise（企业）、commerce（商业）、market（市场）、finance（金融）、investment（投资）、trade（贸易）、competition（竞争）2. Management（管理）: leadership（领导力）、teamwork（团队合作）、strategy（策略）、organization（组织）、decision-making（决策）、planning（计划）、communication（沟通）3. Marketing（市场营销）: advertising（广告）、branding（品牌推广）、consumer（消费者）、market research（市场调研）、promotion （促销）、product launch（产品发布）4. Finance（金融）: accounting（会计）、budget（预算）、investment（投资）、risk management（风险管理）、stock market（股票市场）、asset（资产）二、科学技术英语词汇1. Computer Science（计算机科学）: software（软件）、hardware （硬件）、programming（编程）、algorithm（算法）、database（数据库）、network（网络）、cybersecurity（网络安全）2. Engineering（工程）: mechanical engineering（机械工程）、civil engineering（土木工程）、electrical engineering（电气工程）、chemical engineering（化学工程）、aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）3. Medicine（医学）: surgery（外科）、pharmacy（药学）、physiology（生理学）、neuroscience（神经科学）、epidemiology（流行病学）、diagnosis（诊断）4. Environmental Science（环境科学）: sustainability（可持续性）、climate change（气候变化）、pollution（污染）、renewable energy（可再生能源）、conservation（保护）、ecosystem（生态系统）三、法律英语词汇1. Civil Law（民法）: contract（合同）、tort（侵权行为）、liability （责任）、damages（损害赔偿）、property（财产）、negligence（过失）2. Criminal Law（刑法）: murder（谋杀）、theft（盗窃）、assault （袭击）、fraud（欺诈）、sentence（判决）、evidence（证据）3. International Law（国际法）: treaty（条约）、diplomacy（外交）、human rights（人权）、jurisdiction（管辖权）、sovereignty（主权）、war crime（战争罪）四、教育英语词汇1. Education（教育）: curriculum（课程）、teaching method（教学方法）、classroom management（教室管理）、assessment（评估）、learning outcomes（学习成果）、pedagogy（教育学）2. Psychology（心理学）: behavior（行为）、cognition（认知）、motivation（动机）、personality（人格）、developmental psychology（发展心理学）、counseling（咨询）3. Linguistics（语言学）: phonetics（语音学）、syntax（句法学）、semantics（语义学）、pragmatics（语用学）、language acquisition（语言习得）、sociolinguistics（社会语言学）五、艺术英语词汇1. Fine Arts（美术）: painting（绘画）、sculpture（雕塑）、photography（摄影）、drawing（素描）、composition（构图）、exhibition（展览）2. Music（音乐）: melody（旋律）、rhythm（节奏）、harmony（和声）、instrument（乐器）、orchestra（管弦乐队）、composition （作曲）3. Film and Television（电影与电视）: screenplay（剧本）、director （导演）、cinematography（摄影）、editing（剪辑）、special effects （特效）、casting（选角）总结：以上是专业英语词汇大全的部分内容，涵盖了商务、科学技术、法律、教育和艺术等领域的关键词汇。

专业英语考试整理一、resistance 阻力，电阻insulator 绝缘体conductor 导体voltage 连续，串联capability 能力take advantage of 利用capacitor 电容器capacitance 容量be formed by 有。

组成inductor 电感器oscillator 振荡器rectifier 整流器amolifier 放大器二、atom 原子nucleus 核子proton 质子negative charge 负电荷positive charge 正电荷electric field 电场free electron 自由电子alternator 交流发电机DC (Direct Current) 直流电三、circuit 电路load 负荷battery 电池switch 开关voltmeter 电压表ammeter 电流表Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律mathematician 数学家voltage drop 电降压四、reverse bias 反偏压forward bias 正偏压PN junction PN结interaction 交感N region N区P region P区五、number system 数学系统numerical 数字值decimal 十进制，小数binary system 二进制系统BCD 二进制编码的十进制hexadecimal 十六进制六AC (Alternating Current) 交流电AC motor 交流电动机electrical energy 机械能mechanical energy 机械设备mechanical equipment 抽水机in simple term 简言之net force 净力friction 摩擦torque 扭矩law of inertia 惯性定律acceleration 加速度deceleration 减速inertia 惯性external force 外力moment of inertia 惯性矩horsepower 马力七、closed-loop 闭环feedback 反馈thermostat 自动调温器deviation 偏离proportional system 比例系统self-regulation 自调整dead time 死区八、PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器configuration 结构module 模块digital signal 数字信号analog signal 模拟信号relay 继电器microprocessor 微处理器PPI (Point-to-Point Interface)点对点接口PG 编程器九、CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) 计算机数值控制walk of life 行业manufacturing 制造业drill press 钻床chuck 抛弃spindle 轴workpiece 工件intervention 干涉by commonality 比较commonality 普通accessory 附件十、incompatible 矛盾的suppression 抑制phenomenon 现象visualize 形象transient 短暂的Ethernet 以太网photosensitive 感光性的optical 光学的补充句子1、From this information we can deduce that for a voltage applied to a piece of nichrome wire , only around 10.55/660 = 0.016 of the amount of current will flow as opposed to the current flowing in the same size copper wire .2、Electrons in the outer band of an atom are easily displaced by the application of some external force .3、Ohm formulated a law which states that current varies proportionally with voltage and inversely with resistance .4、In fact , it is almost glass ,which is silicon dioxide .A crystal of pure silicon is said to be an intrinsic crystal.5、PLC is a computer . It stores information in the form of On or Off conditions(1 or 0), referred to as binary digits (bits).6、Decimal 28 divided by 16 is 1 with a remainder of 12.7、The increase in speed is called acceleration .8、Technical systems process several kinds of controlled variables such as current , voltage ,temperature , pressure, flow ,speed of rotation , angle of rotation ,chemical concentration and many more .9、PLCs consist of input modules or points , a Central Processing Unit (CPU) , and output modules or points .10、One of the first specifications that implies a CNCmachine’s complexity is how many axes it has.11、Unfortunately ,in most serial communications systems , surge suppression is not the best choice .句子翻译1、That is why wires are made of metal. They allow current to flow from one point to another point without any resistance . Wires are usually covered with rubber or plastic . (6)这就是电线为什么用金属制成。

专业英语翻译基础知识专业英语翻译是一门需要掌握一定基础知识的技能。

在进行专业英语翻译工作之前，掌握以下几个方面的知识能够帮助翻译者更好地完成任务。

一、语言基础知识1. 词汇：掌握丰富的词汇量，包括专业领域的术语。

翻译时需注意词汇的准确用法和语义的表达。

2. 语法：熟悉英语的基本语法规则和句型结构，以确保译文的语法正确性。

3. 语用学：了解语言在不同语境中的使用方式，如文化差异和语气表达等因素对翻译的影响。

二、领域知识1. 专业词汇：对于特定领域的专业词汇需要有充分的了解，包括科技、法律、医学、商务等领域的术语。

通过学习和积累，确保准确翻译相关的专业术语。

2. 背景知识：对于所翻译内容的行业或领域，了解相关的背景知识和专业常识，以便更好地理解并准确传达原文的含义。

三、翻译技巧1. 翻译思维：培养灵活的思维方式，在翻译过程中进行准确的语言转换，将原文的意思完整传达出来。

2. 模糊表达处理：若原文中存在模糊表达或歧义，翻译时需要合理处理，通过上下文推断或咨询领域专家等方式准确解读。

3. 文体转换：不同类型的文本需要采用不同的翻译风格，如科技报告使用正式、专业的语言，而广告宣传语则需要更生动、富有创意。

四、工具运用1. 电子词典和翻译软件：利用专业的电子词典和翻译软件，能够提供准确的词义解释和翻译结果，提高翻译效率和准确性。

2. 双语资料收集：积累相关领域的双语资料，通过查阅、对比并学习翻译范例，提升自己的翻译水平。

总之，专业英语翻译需要具备扎实的语言基础知识、相关领域的专业知识和翻译技巧，同时善于运用翻译工具，并不断进行学习和积累，提高翻译水平。

只有全面掌握这些基础知识，才能够胜任专业英语翻译工作。

英语的知识点总结大全IntroductionKnowledge is the awareness of facts, information, skills, and understanding that is acquired through experience, education, or training. It is the foundation of human civilization and progress, as it empowers individuals and societies to make informed decisions, solve problems, and innovate new solutions. In this knowledge points summary, we will cover a wide range of topics, from science and technology to history and literature, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of essential knowledge points.1. ScienceScience is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. It is divided into various disciplines, each focusing on specific aspects of the universe.1.1 PhysicsPhysics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces that govern the universe. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics.1.2 ChemistryChemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. It explores the behavior of atoms, molecules, and compounds, and their interactions with each other.1.3 BiologyBiology is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It covers topics such as genetics, evolution, ecology, and human physiology.1.4 AstronomyAstronomy is the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, galaxies, and the universe as a whole. It includes topics like cosmology, stellar evolution, and the search for extraterrestrial life.1.5 Earth ScienceEarth science is the study of the Earth's natural processes and systems, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and environmental science.2. TechnologyTechnology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as solving problems, improving processes, and creating new products. It encompasses a wide range of fields and industries, from engineering and manufacturing to information technology and biotechnology.2.1 Information TechnologyInformation technology (IT) is the use of computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. It includes topics such as computer programming, network security, and database management.2.2 EngineeringEngineering is the application of mathematical and scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and systems. It covers disciplines like civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineering.2.3 BiotechnologyBiotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to develop new products and technologies. It encompasses fields such as genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.2.4 RoboticsRobotics is the design, construction, and operation of robots to perform tasks in areas such as manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare.3. HistoryHistory is the study of past events, people, and societies, and their impact on the present. It provides valuable insights into human behavior, culture, and the development of civilizations.3.1 Ancient HistoryAncient history covers the period from the beginning of human civilization to the fall of the Roman Empire, including the rise of ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome.3.2 Medieval HistoryMedieval history spans the period from the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance, including the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the development of European kingdoms.3.3 Modern HistoryModern history encompasses the period from the Renaissance to the present, including the age of exploration, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, and the two world wars. 3.4 World HistoryWorld history covers the global interactions and developments of human societies, including topics such as imperialism, colonization, and the rise of global trade and commerce.4. LiteratureLiterature is the expression of human creativity and imagination through written and spoken language. It encompasses a wide range of genres, styles, and forms, including fiction, poetry, drama, and non-fiction.4.1 Classical LiteratureClassical literature refers to the ancient literary works of Greece and Rome, including epic poems like the Iliad and the Odyssey, as well as plays by playwrights such as Sophocles and Euripides.4.2 Renaissance LiteratureRenaissance literature refers to the literary works of the European Renaissance, including the poetry of Petrarch and the plays of Shakespeare.4.3 Modern LiteratureModern literature encompasses the literary works of the 19th and 20th centuries, including novels by authors such as Dickens, Twain, and Hemingway, as well as the poetry of Whitman and Eliot.4.4 World LiteratureWorld literature includes literary works from diverse cultures and regions, such as the novels of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, the poetry of Tagore and Neruda, and the plays of Chekhov and Brecht.5. MathematicsMathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns, as well as the relationships between them. It provides the foundation for many other disciplines and is essential for solving problems and making informed decisions.5.1 ArithmeticArithmetic is the study of basic operations with numbers, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.5.2 AlgebraAlgebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating them to solve equations and understand patterns and relationships.5.3 GeometryGeometry is the study of shapes, sizes, and properties of space, including topics such as angles, lines, polygons, and circles.5.4 CalculusCalculus is the study of rates of change and accumulation, and it includes topics such as differentiation and integration.6. PhilosophyPhilosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and the nature of reality. It provides a framework for critical thinking and reasoning about the world and our place in it.6.1 MetaphysicsMetaphysics is the study of the nature of reality and the fundamental principles that govern it, including topics such as the nature of existence, causation, and time.6.2 EpistemologyEpistemology is the study of knowledge and how we acquire it, including topics such as perception, memory, and the nature of truth.6.3 EthicsEthics is the study of morality and the principles that govern human behavior, including topics such as the nature of right and wrong, justice, and virtue.6.4 Political PhilosophyPolitical philosophy is the study of the principles and ideals that govern human societies and the nature of political authority and governance.7. GeographyGeography is the study of the Earth's physical features, environments, and human populations, and their interactions with each other.7.1 Physical GeographyPhysical geography is the study of the Earth's natural landscapes and physical processes, including topics such as climate, landforms, and ecosystems.7.2 Human GeographyHuman geography is the study of the distribution and characteristics of human populations, including topics such as demographics, urbanization, and cultural landscapes.7.3 GeopoliticsGeopolitics is the study of the relationships between geographical space and global politics, including topics such as international relations, geopolConclusionKnowledge is a vast and interconnected web of facts, information, skills, and understanding that spans a wide range of disciplines and topics. It provides the foundation for human progress and innovation and is essential for making informed decisions and solving complex problems. By understanding and mastering essential knowledge points in fields such as science, technology, history, literature, mathematics, philosophy, and geography, individuals and societies can gain the insights and tools they need to navigate the complexities of the modern world and shape a better future for themselves and for future generations.。

英语知识总结（精华）英语是全球通用的语言之一，具有很高的实用性和较强的国际交流能力。

为了更好地学习和掌握英语，以下是一些英语知识的总结和要点：一、基础语法知识：1.词汇：掌握常用的英语词汇，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等。

2.时态：了解各种时态的用法和相应的时间标志词，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

3.句型结构：掌握基本句型结构，包括陈述句、疑问句、否定句以及复合句的构成和使用方法。

4.从句：了解主从复合句的构成和使用，包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

5.语态：掌握主动语态和被动语态的转换和使用方法。

二、拼写和发音：1.拼写规则：掌握基本的拼写规则和拼写技巧，包括字母的读音和拼写规则，以及词汇的变形和拼写规则。

2.发音：了解英语中的发音规则和音标符号，包括元音和辅音的发音，以及重音和连读的规则。

三、阅读技巧：1.识别词义：通过上下文和词根词缀等方法来推测词义。

2.理解主旨：抓住关键信息，了解文章的主要内容和目的。

3.掌握排除法：通过排除错误选项，选择正确答案。

4.注意细节：注意细节信息，如数字、地点、时间等。

四、口语表达：1.培养语感：多听多说，模仿英语母语者的发音和语调，培养语感。

2.学习常用表达：掌握常用的口语表达方式，包括问候、道歉、感谢、请求等。

3.练习口语：多与他人进行英语口语练习，积累口语表达的经验和自信心。

4.注重语音语调：注意语音语调的准确性，避免重读错误和口音干扰。

五、写作技巧：1.选择合适的词汇和短语：注意使用恰当的词汇和短语，表达清晰准确的意思。

2.灵活运用句型和句式：避免句子结构重复，使用丰富多样的句型和句式。

3.逻辑清晰：合理组织文章结构，将各个段落和句子连接起来，使逻辑关系清晰明确。

4.练习写作：多写多练，积累写作经验和提高写作水平。

5.审查修改：写完文章后，对文章进行审查和修改，检查语法错误和逻辑问题。

六、语言学习方法：1.多听多说：培养英语语感和听说能力。