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2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 9）Unit 9 F ac i ng Lif e's Chal len gesI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. hur d le n. h ur dl es [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍2. ne gat iv e n.否定词；否定；拒绝adj. 坏的；有害的3. des p air v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心4. pe tt y adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的5. i ndi v idu al adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的6. l ane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道7. s pot n. 地点；场所；处所8. s ym bo li ze v. 象征；是…的象征；代表s ym bol-i ze常用的动词后缀：m oder ni ze, g lob al i ze, ec on om ize9. i nc r edi bl y a dv.极端地；极其c r edib le 可靠的，可信的c r ed ib l y变副词时需省略-e的形容词有s im ple, tr ue, c r edib le, bel ie va ble s im pl y, tr u l y, (in)c r edi bl y, (u n)bel ie va bl y10. p os it iv e adj. 良好的；正面的11. t oug h adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的12. ar is e v. 发生；产生；出现ar is e f r om s th.区分：ar ous e / ar is ear ous e one's a ng er / r es pec t / s ym p ath y13. los t a dj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的14. lea p v. 跳跃15. yar d n. 码16. inc h n. 英寸17. c i nc h n. 很容易的事；小莱Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. l ine up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯）2. en d u p 最终成为；最后处于end up (in) d oin g s t h. en d u p be gg ing / b ein g ar r es tedend up as a b egg ar / pr is on er / m ill ion air eend up in pr is on / d ebts3. k eep up wit h （与…）齐步前进；并驾齐驱；跟上4. pac e on es elf调整自己的工作（或活动）节奏5. f it i n （与…）合得来；适应6. ge t o ver解决；克服；控制7. we ar out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦8. wi th e as e 轻而易举地9. m ak e it 获得成功10. f al l o ver被…绊倒；几乎被…绊倒11. g et los t 不知所措；一筹莫展12. look bac k on 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾13. inc h b y inc h 缓慢而谨慎地；一步一步14. a t a t im e 每次；逐一；依次II. T ex t Lear n ing300 H ur dl es① Lif e m a y gi v e yo u a ne gat iv e, b ut d on't des pa ir- it m a y j us t d eve lo p into a b eau tif ul pic tur e on e da y. T his year, I r eal i zed m y the or y t hat I hav e o n l if e. Lif e is li k e a 300m hur dle r ac e. S inc e I r un t he 300mhur dl es, I wo ul d k now w hat the r ac e is l ik e.② T he f ir s t thing to a n y r ac e is wor r yin g a bout whet her you ar e goi ngto wi n or n ot. T his r e l ates to w or r yi ng abo u t the pett y t hi ngs i n l i f e. Does it r ea ll y m atter i f yo u w in? Is it r e al l y goi ng t o be the en d o f the wor ld? O r wi ll yo u b e ups et if you los e and then f or get ab out it? (1)Inlif e we wor r y t oo m uc h an d l iv e i n th e m om ent t oo litt le.（承上总结句）③ (2)Nex t is t he li nin g up in our o w n ind iv i dua l l anes. W e eac h s tar t at dif f er ent s pots, bu t th e r ac e is s ti ll th e s am e dis t anc e f or e ver yo ne.（承上启下句） (3)T hi s r el ates to our l i ves tak in g us to dif f er ent pl ac es and putt ing us in dif f er ent s ituat io ns, but ho pef ull y w e wil l en d u p i n thes am e plac e, but m a yb e at dif f er ent tim es.④ No w c om es the b e gin nin g of the r ac e. W e all tr y to k eep u p withever yon e a nd pac e o ur s elv es wit h ot her p eop le. (4)T his s ym bo l i zes that at tim es in e ver yon e's li ves w e wor r y, ab out f itting in or be in g th e s am e as other peo pl e, i ns te ad of wor r yi ng ab out bei ng u ni que. If ever yone wer e th e s am e, the wor ld wou ld b e i nc r edi bl y bor ing.本部分重点及难点：1. In lif e w e wor r y too m uc h and li ve in the m om ent too lit tle.生活中，我们担心得太多，而活在当下太少。
2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 11）Unit 11 C yb er W or ldI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c hat li ne n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务2. v ar iet y n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样var y var y f r om…to…比较：r a ng e/ s h if t fr om…to…var ious3. r om anc e n. 恋爱；爱情r om antic4. b i zar r e adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的5. po tent ia l a dj. 潜在的；可能的6. s c r ipt n.剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿7. i ntim ac y n . 亲密；关系密切int im ate8. i nit ia l adj. 最初的；开始的9. per c e iv e v. 将…视为；认为10. a va la nc he n. 雪崩；山崩11. lit er ar y adj. 文学的；文学上的li ter atur eli ter alli ter ar yli ter ateli ber a l12. ver s e n.诗；韵文13. a nim ated a dj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的14. inc l inat io n n. 倾向；意愿inc l in einc l in ed15. s we at y adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的16. p alm n. 手掌；手心17. var y v.相异；不同18. c on ve y v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等）19. p ol is h v. 修改；润饰；润色20. inte ll ec t n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力21. p er s ona lit y n. 性格；个性；人格22. s eq uenc e n. 顺序；次序23. r e ver s e v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反24. ve il v. 掩饰；掩盖un ve il 揭露，揭开25. inte ll ec tua l a dj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的26. f am iliar it y n. 熟悉；通晓f am iliarf am iliar i ze27. a ppe ar anc e n. 外貌；外表28. inte ns it y n.强烈；紧张；剧烈int ens e29. s tir r i ng n. （感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发31. f les h n. （动物或人的）肉32. s us pec t v. 疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）33. c or r es po nde nc e n. 通信；通信联系34. a lb eit c o nj. 尽管；虽然35. d em on n. 恶魔；魔鬼36. d eter m ine v. 决定det er m ineddet er m ination37. ex tr ac t v. 选取；摘录；录38. a dd ic t n. 对…入迷的人add ic tedadd ic ti vebe / get ad dic te d to s th.39. h op v. 突然快速去某处40. f lir ta tio n n.调情41. a dd ic ti ve a dj. 使人入迷的42. c onf es s ion n. 认罪；供认；坦白43. m ultip le adj. 数量多的；多种多样的44. c our t v. （男子向女子）求爱，追求Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. he ad ov er he els i n lo ve 深深地爱着某人；迷恋2. bu tter f lies in t he s t om ac h 心里七上八下3. de pr i ve…of… 剥夺；使丧失II. T ex t Lear n ingC yb er lo ve① T hank s to the la te 20th c e ntur y tec h no lo g y, Mar i a of Denm ar k and Mar tij i n of Hol la nd m et on a c ha tl ine. F or m onths the y've t alk ed ands ent l etter s to eac h o ther wi th t he h el p of t heir c om puter s as the yf ound th em s elves f alli ngh ead ov er he els in lo ve. It was t hen tha t the y dec id ed t o m eet in t h e r eal, no t on l y th e vi r tual, wor l d. It was no t eas y to ar r an ge as t he yo u ng m an and his lad y wer e s ep ar ated b y 700 v er y r eal k ilom eter s, but t he d ate was a s uc c es s and M ar ia an d M ar tij n hav e been l iv ing tog eth er h app il y e ver s i nc e. T he y've c r eat ed a hom e pag e to l et th e wor ldk no w ho w t he y've f ound ha ppi ne s s v ia t he I nter n et an d intr od uc e c ou pl es wh o'vem et un der s im ila r c ir c um s tanc es.② T hr ougho ut h is tor y m en and wom en ha d us ed a var iet y of m eans tof ind eac h oth er. Int er net r om anc e, ac c or di ng to s om e, is a bi zar r em ethod, and to other s it is a n atur a l wa y f o r the 90's to m eet pot enti al m ates.③ Rom anc es f orm ed on th e i nter n et f ol lo w a c har ac ter is t ic s c r ipt. T he dev el opm ent of em otiona l i ntim ac y is a lo n g pr oc es s, s om etim es tak ing s ever a l m onths. "L ov e at f ir s t b yte" is r ar e alt hou gh t her e ar eex am ples. (1)T he init i al lig ht ex c ha ng es, wheth er b y e-m ail or i n c hatr oom s, ar e gener al l y f ollo we d b y inc r eas i n gl y s elf-r eve al ing top i c s, and then af ter a wh il e, t h e t wo s tr a nger s p er c eiv e eac h oth er as a tr uef r iend. H e ar ts ope n a nd a n a va lanc h e of e-m ail c r os s es c yber s p ac ec ar r ying l iter ar y qu al i t y, a nd el ec tr onic m es s ages are e ve n en ha nc ed with ver s es a nd vir t u al g if ts (f lower s, k is s es, an im ated pic tur es). Coul d an y he ar t wit h r om antic inc l in ati ons r es is t? (2)W hen you r eac h f or the m ous e wit h s weat y pa lm s and butte r f li es in the s tom ac h to l ook in thein-box f or ne w m ail - ther e's j us t no w a y to es c ape t he f ac t - lo v e hasar r ive d.④ Ho w does a c yb er r om anc e var y f r om a r eal lif e r om anc e? P e r haps one s i gn if ic ant d if f er enc e is th at c om m unic atio n p la ys s uc h a lar gepar t. W or ds that c onv e y f ee lin gs ha ve en or m ous ef f ec t. (3)W hile bef or e a r eal dat e w e f ix our hair and our c l othes, on t he inter n et we p o lis hour in tel lec t, im agina t ion and per s on al it y. (4)In es s enc e, the s eq uenc e is r ever s e d - f ir s t we s ho w our in ner be aut y a nd o nl y af ter it h a d wonvic tor y d oes th e v ei l f all of f the ph ys ic al v e hic le of that per s on al i t y at the t im e of that f ir s t m eeting i n per s on.⑤ It is a p opu lar to pi c in c yb er s pac e t o d e bate whet her or not tr ue l ov ec an de ve lop m er el y o n an int el lec tu al le v e l（智力方面，精神方面，即"精神恋爱"）, w itho ut p h ys i c al attr ac t ion or th e f am iliar it y of the oth er'sappe ar anc e? (5)T o put it an other w a y: is t he p h ys ic a l a pp ear an c e ofthe m an or wom an pl a y a par t in the r ela ti ons hi p if, thr o ugh theex c hange of thou ghts and f ee li ngs, th e y alr ead y f ell in lo ve?本部分重点及难点：1. T he in iti al l ight ex c hang es, wh ether b y e-m ail or i n c ha t r oom s, ar e gener al l y f ol lo wed b y inc r eas i ngl y s e lf-r eve ali ng t op ic s, and the n af ter a wh ile, th e t wo s tr an ger s per c ei ve eac h ot her as a tr ue f r ien d.不管是通过电子邮件还是聊天室，最初是简单的交流，然后是越来越多自我表露的话题，过了一段时间之后，两个陌生人把彼此当成了真正的朋友。
Unit 12 A Break from LifeA FAMOUS QUOTETime you enjoy wasting, was not wasted.——John Lennon浪费时间而能乐在其中就无所谓浪费。
——约翰·列侬Text A Feeling FreeNew Wordscranky adj. bad-tempered 脾气坏的laundry n. clothes, sheets, etc. that need washing, that are being washed, or that have been washed recently 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物resemble v. to look like or be similar to another person or thing 看起来像；显得像；像throb n. a strong regular beat; a feeling of pain that you experience as a series of strong beats （强烈有规律的）跳动；阵阵的疼痛subside v. to become calmer or quieter 趋于平静；平息；减弱；消退ache v. to feel a continuous dull pain 疼痛；隐痛joint n. a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that enables them to bend and move 关节shuffle v. to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground 拖着脚走wiggle v. to move from side to side or up and down in short quick movements; to make something move in this way （使）扭动，摆动，摇动sniffle n. an act or the sound of sniffling, especially because you are crying or have a cold 抽鼻子（声）tissue n. a piece of soft paper that absorbs liquids, used especially as a handkerchief （尤指用作手帕的）纸巾，手巾纸pillow n. a square or rectangular piece of cloth filled with soft material, used to rest your head on in bed 枕头crack v. to find the solution to a problem, etc. 找到解决（难题等的）方法contagious adj. if a person is contagious, they have a disease that can be spread to other people by touch 患接触性传染病的germ n. a very small living thing that can cause infection and disease 微生物；细菌；病菌resourceful adj. good at finding ways of doing things and solving problems, etc. 机敏的；足智多谋的；随机应变的scrounge v. to get or find something by looking in different places, asking different people, etc. 觅取；搜寻nurture v. to care for and protect somebody/something while they are growing and developing 养育；养护；培养chore n. an unpleasant or boring task 令人厌烦的任务；乏味无聊的工作respite n. a short break or escape from something difficult or unpleasant 暂停；暂缓manufacture v. to invent a story, an excuse, etc. 编造；捏造symptom n. a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy 症状pamper v. to take care of somebody very well and make them feel as comfortable as possible 细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容hermit n. a person who, usually for religious reasons, lives a very simple life alone and does not meet or talk to other people 隐士；隐修者；遁世者gel n. a thick substance like jelly, especially one used in products for the hair or skin 凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于头发或护肤的产品）hearty adj. large；making you feel full 大的；丰盛的chamomile n. a plant with a sweet smell and small white and yellow flowers 苹果菊；春黄菊；甘菊vanilla-scented adj. flavoured with vanilla 香草味的gingerly adv. in a careful way, because you are afraid of being hurt, of making a noise, etc. 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地grateful adj. feeling or showing thanks because somebody has done something kind for you or has done as you asked 感激的；表示感谢的spa n. a good bath for relaxation or invigoration水疗tub n. a large, long container that you put water in and then get into to wash your whole body 浴缸；浴盆drain n. a pipe that carries away dirty water or other liquid waste 下水道；排水管refresh v. to make somebody feel less tired or less hot 使恢复精力；使凉爽emotionally adv. in the way connected with people's feelings 感情上地；情感上地empower v. to give somebody more control over their own life or the situation they are in 增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势permission n. the act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a position of authority 准许；许可；批准justify v. to give an explanation or excuse for something or for doing something 对…作出解释；为…辩解（或辩护）awareness n. knowing something；knowing that something exists and is important 知道；认识；意识Phrases and Expressionspile up to become larger in quantity or amount 堆积；积压come down with to get an illness that is not very serious 患，得，染上（小病）slip away to stop existing; to disappear or die 消失；消亡；死去respond to to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done 作出反馈；响应care for to look after somebody who is sick, very old, very young, etc. 照顾，照料（病、老、幼者等）tend to to care for somebody or something 照料；照管；护理重点词汇laundry n. clothes, sheets, etc. that need washing, that are being washed, or that have been washed recently 要（或正在）洗的衣物；刚洗好的衣物eg: She did the laundry （= washed the clothes etc.） and hung it out to dry. 她洗完衣服，挂在外面晒干。
2012年最新出版自考英语（二）讲义Unit7InnerVoice2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 7）Unit 7 In ner Voic eI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. i nner a dj. 内心的；隐藏的2. pr ec is e l y ad v. 准确地；恰好地pr ec is epr ec is i on联想：ac c ur ate, ac c ur ac y比较：s im pl y, p os s ibl y, s ubt l y, tr u l y / def ini tel y, r ar el y, f or tun a tel y, lik el y / l uc k il y, h ea vi l y3. bom bar d v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dr ea de d adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. s m all talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hes itat ion n. 犹豫hes it atehes it anthes it anc y / h es itat i on7. wo nder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 n. 奇迹won der wh-…do /wor k wo nder s / m ir ac les8. pr om pt v. 促使；导致；激起9. c om plete a dj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. u ps et a dj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. r o ll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. d es pit e pr e p. 即使；尽管des p ite / in s pit e of that f ac t th at …13. f eeb le adj. 无效的；无力的14. a ttem pt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attem pted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. pr of us e l y ad v. 大量地；连连地17. a ddr es s v.写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. r ec ep ti onis t n. 接待员19. a ttac h v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attac h … t o…attac h ed 依恋的；附加的；附属的attac hm ent 依恋；附件20. em otio n n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪em otiona lem otionl es s21. c on tai n v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. a ppar ent l y ad v. 据…所知；看来；显然23. o ver w he lm ing adj.巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的ov er whe lm ing pr ob l em san ov er whe lm ed pe r s on联想：s ur pr is ed / s u r pr is ingex c ited / ex c it ingam aze d / am azingdis a ppo int ed / dis a ppo int ingf r ighten ed / f r ig hti n g注意：ex c ited e yes / ex pr es s ions / lo ok s24. s c r eam v. 高声喊，大声叫Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. be los t in one's t ho ught 陷入沉思2. br eak do w n 失败3. c om e up wit h 找到（答案等）；想出4. dr op…of f（顺路）把…放下5. tak e one's o w n lif e自杀6. i n des p er at ion 在绝望中；走投无路7. c ar e a bout s b. 关心；关怀8. tak e a c ha nc e 冒险9. m ak e a dif f er enc e 有作用；产生影响II. T ex t Lear n ingYour I nner Vo ic e① (1)M y da y s tar t ed j us t lik e al l t he o ther da ys f or the pas t 15 year s wher e I get up, m ak e s om e c off ee, s ho wer, get dr es s ed a nd lea v e f or the tr a in s ta tio n at pr ec is el y 7:35 A.M. to a r r ive at wor k b y 8:30. W hile on th e tr a in I w ou ld al wa ys c ho os e a s e at a wa y f r o m the c r ow d s o I c an r ead th e n e ws pa per i n pe ac e an d q ui et. (2)At wor k I am alwa ys bei ng bom bar ded wi th q ues t ions f r om c owor k er s, s uppl ier s, te le pho ne and then thos e dr ea ded m eeti ngs, s o t he las t t h ing I ne ed is s om e s tranger to s it bes id e m e and m ak e sm al l ta lk.本部分重点及难点：1. M y d a y s t ar ted j us t lik e al l th e ot her d a ys f or the pas t 15 ye ar swher e I get up, m ak e s om e c off ee, s ho wer, get dr es s ed a nd lea v e f or the tr a in s ta tio n at pr ec is el y 7:35 A.M. to a r r ive at wor k b y 8:30.(1)wher e引导定语从句，先行词为da ys。
Unit 1 The Power of Language学习方法指南五个方面把握文章1）词 2）句 3）篇 4）义5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重复，七天后再重复）课后习题1）结合课文里出现的点，完成题目2）标记不熟练的题目，当天重复一遍，第二天再重复一遍，考前再重复一遍Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA FAMOUS QUOTELanguage is the dress of thought.--Samuel Johnson语言是思维的外衣。
--塞缪尔·约翰逊Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading questions1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Vocabulary 词汇四点要求1.音2.义3.衍生变化4.用法/搭配New Wordscritical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）non-fiction n.books, articles or texts about real facts, people and events 纪实文学position n.an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject 观点；态度；立场statement n.something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion 说明；说法；表态question v.to have or express doubts or suspicions about something 表示疑问；怀疑evaluate vt.to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully 估计；评价，评估context n.the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand it （事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉value n.values [pl.] beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life 是非标准；价值观represent v.to present or describe somebody/something in a particular way 描述；表现assertion n.a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true 明确肯定；断言sufficient adj.enough for a particular purpose 足够的；充足的statistic n.statistics [pl.] a collection of information shown in numbers 统计数字；统计资料integrate v.to combine two or more things so that they work together （使）合并，成为一体authority n.a person with special knowledge 专家；学术权威；泰斗compare v.to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different 比较；对比subject n.a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt with 主题；题目；题材consistent adj.in agreement with something 相符的；符合的inconsistency n.a situation in which two statements are different and cannot both be true 不一致assumption n.a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof 假定；假设case n.a particular situation or a situation of a particular type 具体情况；事例directly adv.in a direct line or manner 直接地；径直地identify v.to find or discover somebody/something 找到；发现valid adj.based on what is logical or true 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的credible adj.that can be believed or trusted 可信的；可靠的landmark n.an event, a discovery, an invention, ect.that marks an important stage in something （标志重要阶段的）里程碑relevant adj.closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about 紧密相关的；切题的current adj.happening now 现时发生的；当前的appropriate adj.suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances 合适的；恰当的bias n.a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often.not based on fair judgement 偏见；偏心；偏向considerably adv.much; a lot 非常；很；相当多地Democrat n.a member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者Republican n.a member or supporter of the Republican Party of the US （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者reflect v.to show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling 显示；表明；表达informed adj.having or showing a lot of knowledge about a particular subject or situation 有学问的；有见识的重点词汇critical adj.involving making fair, careful judgments about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value.要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.其他用法：of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。
第1课Text AText A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth aposition or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involvesquestioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a criticalreader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。
批判性阅读是积极阅读。
它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。
成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is written. You may b e reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may bereading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. Ineither case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between yourvalues and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。
第一部分：阅读判断1. ［解析］文章第一段中提到了应聘者提出的几个问题：What are my...my hobbies ，由此可以看出他们关注的更多是公司给予的“假期”待遇，而非工作本身带来的经历、价值和成长空间等。
所以题干的说法是正确的。
答案为A。
2. ［解析］第二段第一句就说到Good work…work experie nee,即好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而非在学校可以学到。
所以题干说法是错误的。
答案为B。
3. ［解析］第二段第三行讲到I would enter our barnyard…the milking barn，即需要给10至12 只奶牛挤奶，至于说是不是一共有12 头牛，或者父母会帮忙给余下的其他奶牛挤奶，文章并未提及。
答案为C。
4 . ［解析］第二段最后讲到父母每天早晨都会对奶牛问好，Good 's good to seeyou!然后后面提到I did n't feel quite the same way，这说明作者和父母的感受不同，不愿意清早起床挤牛奶。
答案为A。
5. ［解析］第三段最后一句提到It made me...to the road,所以作者是将牛奶捅提到路边等待。
牛奶厂的人来接货，而没提到运到集市去卖。
答案为C。
6. ［解析］第四段首句提到My father and mother...helped me with milking the eows ，即我的父母经常帮我一起挤牛奶，所以题干中说“我经常独自一人挤牛奶”是错误的。
答案为B。
7. ［解析］第四段倒数第二句指出To my father...as it may seem ，即对于父亲来说，挤牛奶看上去并没有那么复杂。
unsophisticated意为不复杂的、简单的，与complicated （复杂的）语义相反。
因此题干说法是错误的。
答案为B。
8. ［解析］第四段第二行指出But Father...needed to be milked,意为奶牛也需要被挤奶，和题干含义吻合。
Unit 11. critical adj.批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的，危急的；决定性的；[物]临界的2. position n. 位置, 职位; 状态, 立场vt. 安置, 决定...的位置3. statement n. 声明, 陈述4. question n. 问题,询问,争论点vt. 询问,怀疑vi. 问问题5. evaluate vt. 评估,评价6. compare vt.&vi. 比较,比喻,对照n. 比较，对照7. consistent adj. 始终如一的, 一致的, 坚持的8. directly adv. 直接地(立即,完全)9. valid adj. 有确实根据的; 有效的; 正当的, 合法的10. credible adj. 可信的, 可靠的11. bias n. 偏见，斜纹vt. 使偏心12. reflect v. 反映, 反射, 归咎13. apply to 适用于, 运用于14. take into account vt. 考虑(注意, 顾及, 体谅)15. confidence n.信心；信任；秘密16. please 请vt. 取悦,请,合心意vi. 取悦,愿意17. infinite adj. 无限的,无穷的n. 无限18. creativity n. 创造力, 创造19. insignificant adj. 无关紧要的, 可忽略的，不重要的，无用的20. commonly adv. 一般地,通常地，普通地21. communication n.通讯，交流；传达；通讯联系，交通工具22. inexact a.不正确的，不精确的（in-否exact-正确的，精确的）23. incomplete a.不完整的24. purpose n.目的，意图；用途25. carry out vt. 实行(执行,实现)26. be up to 由某人决定，是某人的责任27. have an impact on vt. 对……有影响28. be willing to 愿意，乐意29. be interested in 对…感兴趣30. on the other hand 另一方面Unit 21. respond vi. &vt. 回复,反应，响应，应答n. 拱柱2. creative adj. 创造性的3. interview n. 面谈,访问,接见vt. 接见,对...进行面谈(试) vi. 面试, 采访4. occur vi.发生；出现；闪现5. remove n. 间距, 移动vt. 除去,开除, 移动, 取下, 拿走vi. 迁徙,离开,搬迁6. content n. 内容, 目录, 含量adj. 满足的, 满意的vt. 使...满足, 使...安心7. rarely adv. 很少,难得8. eventually adv. 终于, 最后9. effectively adv. 事实上,有效地10. discover vt.& vi.发现11. remark n. 备注,评论,注意vt. 评论,注意,述及12. opportunity n. 机会, 时机13. valuable adj. 贵重的, 有价值的n. (pl.)贵重物品14. in this manner 用这种方式, 这样15. set apart from 使分离16. disaster n. 灾难17. dignity n. 尊严, 高贵, 端庄18. responsibility n. 责任, 可信度，责任心19. occasionally adv. 偶尔地20. consequence n. 结果,后果21. from scratch 从零开始, 从头做起22. run out of 用完，耗尽，从...跑出23. stay up vi. 熬夜Unit 31. reflection n. 反映,映像,折射,沉思,影响2. betray vt. 误导,出卖,背叛,泄露vi. 证明...错误3. indeed adv. 的确, 真正地, 事实上4. trend n. 趋势,倾向,方位vi. 倾向,转向5. request n. 要求, 请求vt. 请求, 要求6. thought n.思想；想法；关心；思索v.想( think的过去式和过去分词)；思索；以为；认为7. challenge n.挑战；盘问；质疑；怀疑vt.质疑；向…挑战vi.提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）；驳斥8. deposit vt. 存放, 堆积, 使沉淀vi. 沉淀n. 存款, 定金, 堆积物9. account n.账，账目；存款；记述，报告；理由vi.解释；导致；报账vt.认为；把…视作10. interest n. 兴趣, 嗜好, 利息; 股份vt. 使...感兴趣11. welfare n. 福利,社会保障,幸福adj. 福利的12. essence n. 本质,精髓,要素,香精13. virtual adj. 虚拟的；有效的；实质上的，事实上的14. generation n. 代, 一代15. stick by 坚持, 忠于, 信守16. lead to 导致17. a multitude of 许多，众多18. engage in 从事；参加；使牵连；使加入(活动等)；使参与19. in essence 本质上，根本上20. assure of vt. 使放心, 使相信, 向 ... 保证21. pay attention to 注意，留意22. ungrateful adj. 忘恩负义的, 讨人厌的23. faith n. 信任,信仰24. reputation n. 声誉,好名声25. unselfish adj. 无私的26. desert n. 沙漠,荒地,应得(的惩罚或奖励)adj. 沙漠的,荒凉的vt. 遗弃vi. 擅离职守27. poverty n. 贫穷,贫困28. sickness n. 疾病29. constant adj. 经常的, 不变的n. 常数, 恒量30. journey n. 旅程, 旅行, 行程v. 旅行31. heaven n. 天堂；天空32. homeless adj. 无家可归的33. faithful adj. 如实的, 忠诚的, 忠实的34. accompany vt. 陪伴, 伴随，给...伴奏vi. 伴奏35. turn against 背叛36. be prone to 易于37. stand by v. 袖手旁观, 继续支持Unit 41. blessing n. 祝福,祷告2. complain vi. 抱怨,悲叹,控诉3. remind v. 提醒vt. 使想起,提醒4. victim n. 受害者,牺牲5. depression n. 沮丧,萧条6. unrest n. 不安的状态, 动荡的局面7. illegal adj. 不合法的,非法的n. 非法移民8. immigrant n. 移民, 侨民adj. 移民的9. trafficking n.（人或车等）交通流量,不正当生意（走私）v.做生意（多指违法的）, 游览10. contribute vt. 捐助,投稿vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因之一11. quit v. 离开,辞职,停止12. bring in 介绍，带进，引入，赚取，判决13. look forward to vt. 展望(期待)14. prepare for 为...做准备15. believe in 相信, 信任16. reward n. 报酬,报答,赏金vt. 给...报酬,奖赏17. tragic adj. 悲剧的, 悲惨的18. passion n. 激情,热情19. crucial adj. 关键的,决定性的20. privileged adj.有特权的, 特许的21. motivation n. 动机22. prioritize vt. 把 ... 区分优先次序23. pattern n. 图案, 式样, 典范v. 以图案装饰; 仿造, 模仿24. strategy n. 战略, 策略25. routine n. 例行公事, 常规，无聊adj. 常规的, 例行的，乏味的26. locally adv. 地方性地, 局部性地, 位置上27. unique adj. 独一无二的, 独特的, 稀罕的28. survive vt. 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过vi. 活着, 继续存在29. client n.顾客；当事人；诉讼委托人；[计算机]客户端30. finance n. 财政, 资金vt. 给...提供资金, 负担经费31. obligation n. 义务, 责任32. landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程33. exceed vt. 超过, 胜过, 超出界限vi. 领先34. assume vt. 假定, 设想, 承担; (想当然的)认为35. alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和36. seasoned adj. 经验丰富的37. various adj. 各种各样的38. professional adj. 职业(上)的,专业的n. 专业人员39. lie in 在于40. get up 起床，起立41. seek out vt. 寻出(挑出)42. in place 在适当的位置43. apply for 申请Unit 51. transcend v. 超越2. incessantly adv. 不停地，不间断地3. noise n.声音,响声,喧哗声,噪声vt. 谣传vi. 大声说话, 发出噪音noisily 喧闹地4. burden n.负担, 重载v. 使负重, 装载, 烦扰5. belief n.相信, 信念, 信仰6. unique adj.独一无二的, 独特的, 稀罕的7. especially adv. 特别,尤其8. discipline n. 训练, 纪律, 惩罚; 学科vt. 训练, 惩罚9. confront vt.面临, 对抗, 遭遇10. anxiety n.焦虑,挂念,担心,渴望,热望11. despair n.绝望,失望vi. 失望12. uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的, 不自在的13. equal adj.相等的,平等的,胜任的n. 对手,匹敌,同辈vt. 等于,比得上14. distinguish vt. 区别,辨认,特别关注vi. 区别15. wisdom n.智慧,学问16. mentally adv. 心理上,精神上,用脑筋17. a series of 一系列, 一连串18. because of 因为, 由于19. as well as (除...之外)也,既...又conj. 以及,又20. lately adv.最近, 不久前21. challenge n.挑战；盘问；质疑；怀疑vt.质疑；向…挑战vi.提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）；驳斥22. value n.价值, 重要性, 价格, (pl)价值观vt. 评价, 估价, 重视23. cheerful adj. 高兴的, 快乐的cheerfully 高兴地adv.24. contact v.(与)联系, (与)接触n. 接触, 联系; 联系人25. imagine vt.想像,幻想,猜测vi. 想像起来,认为26. uncaring adj. 不关注的，不注意的27. recovery n. 恢复,复原,痊愈28. struggle with 与 ... 斗争29. bring about 带来, 造成v. 带来, 发生, 引起Unit 61. overspend v. 过度使用, 花费过多2. budget n. 预算vt. 编预算,为…做预算vi. 节省开支adj. 不贵的，廉价的3. short sighted adj. 近视的(目光短浅的)4. mentality n. 精神力, 智力, 头脑作用5. unnecessarily adv. 不必要地, 徒然6. resist v. 抵抗, 耐得住, 压制n. 保护膜7. temptation n. 诱惑，引诱；诱惑物8. monthly adj. 每月的，持续一个月的，每月发生的adv. 每月, 按月n. 月刊n.(复数）9. result in vt. 导致10. pay off 付清；（付清工资后）解雇；取得成功；使得益11. greedy adj. 贪婪的12. financial adj. 金融的,财政的financially 经济上adv.13. readily adv. 不迟疑地,迅速地,轻易地14. available adj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的，有效的15. abundant adj. 丰富的,充裕的16. universe n. 宇宙17. scared adj. 害怕的18. favorite adj. 流行的，喜爱的n. 最喜爱的人或物, 被认为最有可能胜出的竞争者19. charity n. 慈善机关(团体),仁慈,宽厚20. abundance n. 丰富,充裕21. opposite adj. 相对的, 相反的, 对面的n. 对立物，对立者，对手adv. 在对面地，处于相反位置地prep. 在...对面22. originally adv. 本来,原来,最初重要的23. balance n. 天平, 平衡, 差额, 平静, 调和, 制衡vt. 使平衡, 称重量, 权衡,抵消vi. 建立平衡, 均衡Unit 71. inner adj. 内部的,里面的,内心的n. 里面,内部2. precisely adv. 精确地3. dreaded adj. 令人畏惧的dread的过去式、过去分词形式4. hesitation n. 犹豫5. wonder n. 惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vi. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶vt. 怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj. 奇妙的；非凡的6. complete adj. 彻底的, 完整的, 已完成的vt. 完成; 使圆满, 使完美7. upset adj. 心烦的vt. 加厚,推翻,扰乱vi. 推翻n. 推翻,混乱8. address n.地址；通信处；演说；称呼v.写姓名地址；演说；向…说话；称呼9. attach v. 附上, 系上, 贴上, 使依恋10. emotion n. 情感,情绪,感动11. contain vt. 包含,容纳,克制,抑制vi. 自制12. apparently adj. 显然,似乎adv. 显然13. overwhelming adj. 势不可挡的, 压倒的14. scream n. 尖叫声v. 尖叫, 大笑15. be lost in 忘乎所以，全神贯注于; be lost in one's thought 陷入沉思16. break down vt. 打破, 减轻, 把...分解vi. 彻底失败, 崩溃, 停止运转, 放弃, (数据, 观点等)站不住脚17. come up with v.提出v.想出18. care about 关心19. take a chance vi. 冒险(投机)20. make a difference 有影响, 起(重要)作用21. pleasing adj. 令人喜爱的,愉快的,舒适的vbl. 取悦,期望,请22. namely adv. 即, 也就是23. expression n. 表达,表示,表现,表情,措辞,词句24. characteristic adj. 特有的, 典型的n. 特性, 特征, 特色25. make a hit v.获得成功26. join in 参加, 加入Unit 81. explanation n. 解释, 说明2. pregnancy n. 怀孕3. imperfect adj. 不完美的，有缺点的, 未完成的[语]未完成时的[律]在法律上不能实施的4. abnormal adj. 反常的,不正常的,不规则的n. 不正常的人5. disability n. 无力, 无能, 残疾6. accomplish vt. 完成7. effective adj. 有效的,有影响的8. audience n. 听众, 观众, 读者, 拥护者, 倾听, 正式会见9. cease n. 停止vt. &vi. 停止,终了10. profound adj. 极深的,深奥的,深厚的,严重的11. perseverance n. 毅力, 忍耐, 不屈不挠12. define vt. 定义, 解释13. major in vt. 主修(修改)14. stress the importance of 强调 ... 的重要性15. show off 炫耀, 卖弄16. adoption n. 采用, 采纳, 收养17. unfortunately adv. 不幸地18. successive adj. 接连的, 连续的, 接二连三的19. bitter adj. 苦的,痛苦的,剧烈的,严寒的n. 苦久, 苦涩, 苦的东西vt. 使...变苦adv. 激烈地,极其20. publicly adv. 公开地21. introduce vt. 介绍, 引进, 采用, 提出, 提倡, 放入22. expectation n. 期待,期望v. 期待,前程23. drop out 退出, 退学24. turn out vt. 翻转, 生产, 关闭, 出动, 证明是。
⾃考《英语⼆》2012出版最新讲义第四章Unit 4 The Joy of WorkA FAMOUS QUOTELabour is often the father of pleasure.——Francois-Marie Arouet （Voltaire）勤劳常是快乐之源。
——弗朗索⽡ - 马利·阿鲁埃（伏尔泰）Text A Work Is a BlessingNew Wordsblessing n. something that is good or helpful 好事；有益之事subsistence n. the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive 勉强维持⽣活sugar cane n. a tall tropical plant with thick stems form which sugar is made ⽢蔗corn n.（AmE）a tall plant grown for its large yellow grains that are used for making flour or eaten as a vegetable; the grains of this plant ⽟⽶hog n. a pig, especially one that is kept and made fat for eating 猪cash n. money in the form of coins or notes/bills 现⾦dairy adj. connected with the production of milk rather than meat 乳品业的；⽣产乳品的complain v. to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/something 抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚committed adj. Willing to work hard and give your time and energy to something; believing strongly in something 尽⼼尽⼒的；坚信的；坚定的brick n. baked clay used for building walls , houses and other buildings; an individual block of this 砖；砖块hammer n. a tool with a handle and a heavy metal head, used for breaking things or hitting nails 锤⼦；榔头escort n. a person or group of people or vehicles that travels with somebody/something in order to protect or guard them 护送者；护卫队remind v. to help somebody remember something, especially something important that they must do 提醒；使想起victim n. a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. 受害者；牺牲品ideology n. a set of beliefs, especially one held by a particular group, that influences the way people behave 意识形态；观念形态terrorism n. the use of violent action in order to achieve political aims or to force a government to act 恐怖主义depression n. a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs 萧条期；经济衰退；不景⽓unrest n. a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest or fight 动荡；动乱；骚动illegal adj. not allowed by the law 不合法的；⾮法的；违法的immigrant n. a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own （外来）移民；外侨trafficking n. the buying and selling of something illegally ⾮法交易；⾮法买卖gang n. a group of young people who spend a lot of time together and often cause trouble or fight against other groups ⼀帮，⼀群，⼀伙（闹事、⽃殴的年轻⼈）contribute v. to increase, improve or add to something 增加；增进；添加（到某物）quit v. to stop doing something 停⽌；戒掉Phrases and Expressionsbring in to make or earn a particular amount of money 赚得；挣eke out a living to manage to live with very little money 竭⼒维持⽣计；勉强度⽇sink in to be fully understood or realized 被完全理解；被充分意识到look forward to to be thinking with pleasure about something that is going to happen （because you expect to enjoy it）（⾼兴地）盼望，期待over and over again many times; repeatedly 多次；反复地；⼀再be prepared for to be ready and able to deal with something 准备好；有所准备believe in to think that something is good, right or acceptable 认为某事好（对、可接受）重点词汇blessing n. something that is good or helpful 好事；有益之事eg: What a blessing you weren't hurt in the accident! 你在这次事故中没有受伤, 真是幸运!其他词义：God's favour and protection 神恩; 神的保佑eg:ask for God's blessing 求神保佑衍⽣bless v. （esp. imperative in prayers 尤⽤于祷⽂中的祈使句）（fml. ⽂）（esp. imperative in prayers 尤⽤于祷⽂中的祈使句）（fml. ⽂）grant health, happiness and 赐与（某⼈/某事物）健康﹑幸福及成功eg: Bless all those who are hungry, lonely or sick. 求神赐福于那些饥饿﹑孤独或患病的⼈。
自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第五章Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams AliveText A Life is DifficultA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.—— C. S. Lewis 无论年纪多大，都可以有新目标、新梦想。
—— C. S. 刘易斯New Wordstranscend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）incessantly adj. non-stop 不停地；持续不断地noisily adv. in the way of making a lot of noise 喧闹地subtly adv. in the way that is not very noticeable or obvious 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地enormity n. the very great size, effect, etc. of something; the fact of something being very serious 巨大；深远影响；严重性burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担belief n. a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence thatsomething/somebody is good or right 相信；信心unique adj. being the only one of its kind; very special or unusual 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦especially adv.more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others 尤其；特别；格外tribe n. （in developing countries） a group of people of thesame race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc. living in a particular area and often led by a chief 部落species n.a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属）discipline n. the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live, work, etc. 自制力；遵守纪律confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）evoke v. to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）grief n. a feeling of great sadness, especially when somebody dies （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心guilt n. the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you have done something wrong 内疚；悔恨anxiety n. the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen 焦虑；忧虑anguish n. severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼despair n. the feeling of having lost all hope 绝望uncomfortable adj. anxious, embarrassed or afraid and unable to relax （使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的physical adj. connected with a person's body rather than their mind 身体的；肉体的；躯体的equal adj. to be as good as something else or do something to the same standard as somebody else 比得上；敌得过conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突；争执；争论engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）pose v. to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生distinguish v. to recognize the difference between two people or things 区分；辨别；分清wisdom n. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have 智慧；才智；精明mentally adv. connected with or happening in the mind 精神上；智力上；思想上spiritually adv. in the way that is connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things 精神上；心灵上desire n. to want something; to wish for something 渴望；期望deliberately adv. done in a way that was planned, not by chance 故意；蓄意；存心instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导dread v. to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen 非常害怕；极为担心Phrases and Expressionsmoan about to complain about something in a way that other people find annoying 抱怨a series of several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other 一系列；连续because of for the reason of 因为as well as in addition to somebody/something; too 除…之外cutting edge the newest, most advanced stage in the development of something （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段call forth to produce a particular reaction 引起；使产生重点词汇transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）eg: Such matters transcend man's knowledge, i.e. we cannot know about them. 这些问题人类是无法了解的。
ContentsUnit 1 The Power of Language (2)Text A Critical Reading (2)Text B The Language of Confidence (3)Unit 2 Mistakes to Success (4)Text A Split Milk (4)Text B The Cake (5)Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text A Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text B A Tribute to the Dog (7)Unit 4 The Joy of Work (8)Text A Works Is a Blessing (8)Text B How to Start Your Own Business (9)Unit 5 Keep your Dreams Alive (10)Text A Life Is Difficult (10)Text B Begin Again (11)Unit 6 The Value of Money (12)Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely (13)Text B The Importance of Money in Life (13)Unit 7 Inner Voice (15)Text A Your Inner Voice (15)Text B Make a Good First Impression (16)Unit 8 The Great Minds (17)Text A Life without Limits (17)Text B An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs (18)Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges (20)Text A: 300 Hurdles (20)Text B A Violin with Three Strings (21)Unit 10 Ode to Public Transportation (22)Text A: The Importance of Public Transportation (22)Text B: Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation (24)Unit 11 Cyber World (25)Text A Cyber Love (25)Text B The Impact of the Internet on Society (27)Unit 12 A Break from Life (28)Text A Feeling Free (28)Text B Self-esteem and Body Image (29)Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA Famous QuoteLanguage is the dress of thought.------Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (1709-1784), British man of letters, one of the most outstanding figures of the 18th century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson has been described a s “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history.”Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading Questions1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written sometime ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, by certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with that others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true i n order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, by certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Text B The Language of ConfidencePre-reading Questions1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?2. Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give some example.The language we use programs our brain. Mastering our language give us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it--- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.“Try”It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …” and see how you feel.The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try to notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.“Can’t”This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose …” or “I choose not to …” Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make youfeel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!Unit 2 Mistakes to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.---- Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill（1874-1965）, British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice. He is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature.Text A Split MilkPre-reading Questions:1. Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some example.2. Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success? Explain.Have heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor – a veritable sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experimen t in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn’t work”, we usually learn something valuable from it.Wouldn’t it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert’s mother responded to him?Text B The CakePre-reading Questions:1. Have you ever been wrongly blamed by your parents? How did you feel at that moment?2. What suggestions would you give to the parents who are blinded to their children’s merits?Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.“They should be home any time now,” she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn’t exactly and aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine the huge blender fill with all the fixings for chocolate cake --- including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on, high speed, with the lid off. Do you get the idea?But Cindy wasn’t thinking about t he mess. She has created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present he anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!!” She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.But her mother’s eye never mad it all the way to the table. “Just look at this mess!” she moaned. “How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?”“But Mom, I was only …”“I should make you clean this up right now, but I’m too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,” her mother said. “So you’ll do it first thing in the morning.”“Honey,” Cindy’s father interjected gently, “take a look at the table.”“I know- it’s a mess,” his wife said coldly. “The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can’t stand to look at it.” She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. “She never saw the cake,” she said.Unfortunately, Cindy’s mother isn’t the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma – the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn’t. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life’s frustrations. But what’s a little mud –even on new carpet –compared to a child’s self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster/s emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?I’m not saying that our children don’t need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequence of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we’re not just teaching lessons –we’re teaching children. That means there are times when really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only need to see the cake.Unit 3 Friendship and LoyaltyA Famous QuoteBetraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.- Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882), American essayist, lecture and poet, who led the Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19th century.Text A Reflections: Friendship and LoyaltyPre-reading Questions1. Do you believe that loyal friends are available on the Internet?2. What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network fill with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friend forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, “Will they share my private matters with others?” If the answer to that is, “I don’t know”, more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, yourdeposits gain interest, and interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.If you were a B.L.F way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I’m sure you und erstand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, “A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.” Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.Text B A Tribute to the DogPre-reading questions:1. Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?2. Why do you think a growing number of Chinese, especially the elderly, prefer to keep pets?The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son of daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.A man’s dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if the were a prince.When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death.Unit 4 The Joy of WorkA Famous Quote:Labour is often the father of pleasure.- Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)(1694-1778), French poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher. He was and outspoken and aggressive enemy of every injustice, especially of religious intolerance. His works are an outstanding embodiment of the principles of the French Enlightenment.Text A Works Is a BlessingPre-reading Questions1. Do you often help your parents with the household chores? What do you usually do to help them?2. Have you had any experience of doing part-time jobs to help support yourself and your family? What didyou think about it?I grew up in Lakeland, LA, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.In the kitchen on Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, “Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing.”I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had – my father eking out a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to stu dy that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.” I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh mili tary escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And as bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It remained me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.Serving in the U.S. Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I have come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They are victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and street gang members. I have seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People whohave jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community, and even help other. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.I don’t think I will ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disaster. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I’m not going to stop. I believe in my father’s words. I believe in the blessing of work.Text B How to Start Your Own BusinessPre-reading Questions:1. Do you hope to start your own business? What would you like to do?2. What do you know about the necessary conditions for starting a business?The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and rewards, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when business fail, the passion often dies with it. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.3. Identify your market.If you are starting your business locally, research your competitor. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there enough potential clients to keep your business alive.4. Identify your finance. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door openers, light fixtures and landscaping equipment, and before you know it, you’re far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor or someone at you bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.5. Identify your support system. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even thosein your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence, etc. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.Unit 5 Keep your Dreams AliveA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal to dream a new dream.-- C. S. LewisClive Staples Lewis (1898-1963), Irish-born British scholar, writer and lay theologian. He was an established literary figure whose impact is increasingly recognized by scholars and teachers.Text A Life Is DifficultPre-reading Questions:1. Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you have encountered in your life?2. What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met with difficulties in your life?Life is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult – once we truly understand and accept it – then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, that fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Dis cipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can。
