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《英语语法基础知识》课件

《英语语法基础知识》课件
添加副标题
英语语法基础知识
汇报人：PPT
目录
CONTENTS
01 添加目录标题 03 英语语法的基本规
则
02 英语语法的构成 04 英语语法中的时态
和语态
05 英语语法中的从句 和句子结构
06 英语语法中的虚拟 语气和强调句型
07 英语语法中的特殊 句型和习惯表达
添加章节标题
英语语法的构成
词法
形容词和用来描 述名词、代 词或整个句 子
形容词用来 描述名词或 代词的特征， 如大小、颜 色、形状等
副词用来描 述动词、形 容词或其他 副词的特征， 如时间、地 点、方式等
形容词和副 词都可以分 为比较级和 最高级，用 来表示程度 的不同
形容词和副词 都可以用作定 语、状语、补 语等，用来修 饰名词、代词 或整个句子
介词的规则
介词用于连接名 词、代词、数词 等与名词、代词、 数词等之间的语 法关系。
介词通常位于名 词、代词、数词 等之前，表示时 间、地点、方式、 原因、目的等。
介词通常用于表 示时间、地点、 方式、原因、目 的等，如：in, on, at, for, with, by, etc.
介词通常用于连接 名词、代词、数词 等与名词、代词、 数词等之间的语法 关系，如：in the room, on the table, at the door, etc.
被动语态： 主语是动 作的承受 者，表示 动作由主 语承受
完成时态： 表示动作 已经完成， 强调动作 对现在的 影响
进行时态： 表示动作 正在进行， 强调动作 的持续性
过去时态： 表示动作 在过去发 生，强调 动作的过 去性
将来时态： 表示动作 将在未来 发生，强 调动作的 将来性

英语语法基础ppt课件

英语语法基础ppt课件
2)普通名词，具体分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词、和抽 象名词。其中个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体，如girl； 集合名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如student；物质名 词表示无法分为个体的实物，如water；抽象名词表示动作、 状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如work，happiness
注：专有名词和普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词为不可数 名词，集体名词和个体名词是可数名词
体说哪一个。如：
可编辑课件PPT
5
A plane is a machine that can fly.
❖ B）表示数量一
❖ C）表示序数的增加，即用于序数前表示序数的递增。
❖ Soon we saw a second plane .Then a third and a forth.
❖ D)用于不可数名词前，使得其具体化
上主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。如：
❖ If I were her ,I would leave. ❖ 注：单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格。如： ❖ “I want to leave.” “Me too.”
❖ “Who did this?” “Me.” ❖ B)人称代词的排列顺序。对于单数人称代词，其排列通常为“二、三、一”
可编辑课件PPT
2
单数复数同形的名词
Sheep fish(加-es时表示种类） deer Chinese mesas works 名词复数的不规则变化 man~men woman~women child~children tooth~teeth foot~feet gooes~geese Mouse~mice ox~oxen 复数形式的固定结构 consider one’s feelings make friends with 与某人交朋友 take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 make repairs 修理 make matters better使情况好转

Lecture 1-绪论

Lecture 1-绪论

loose or minor sentences (松散句), contracted sentences (紧缩句), elliptical sentences, run-on sentences (流水句), and composite sentences (并列句). English sentence building is featured by an “architecture style” (楼房建筑 法) with extensive use of longer or subordinate structures, while Chinese is marked by a “chronicle style” (流水记事法) with frequent use of shorter or composite structures.

2. Compact vs. Diffusive
English is rigid in S-V concord, requiring a complete formal cohesion. Chinese has flexible sentence structures through semantic coherence.

他的讲话并无前后矛盾之处。 There is no inconsistency in what he said. There is nothing inconsistent in what he said 她闪亮的眼睛说明她非常激动。 Her sparkling eyes betrayed her great excitement. The sparkle of her eyes betrayed her great excitement.

《英语语法》PPT课件

《英语语法》PPT课件

Win-winning sit-sitting swim-swimming 3)以不发音e结尾， 去e+ing. give=-giving move-moving Have-having take-taking
begin-beginning
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作，而现在进行时 表示在此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
比较级的一些其他用法
1,The+比较级….. the+比较级 表示越来越. The more ,the better. The faster we go, the sooner we arrive 2.比较级+and +比较级 表示越来越 The bus ran faster and faster.. The boy is growing taller and taller.
Does he live in Australia?
。
Unit2 特殊疑问句
以what. who .whom. whose .which .when where. why .how引导。除 who 外， 一般加一般疑问句 式.
When does he go to bed? Where does she come from? Why do you study English? How many people are there in you family
They always go out on Sundays, but this Sunday they are staying at home.
有些动词是不能用于现在进行时的：see hear, like, love . Prefer, hate want need mean

英语语法讲义 优质课件

英语语法讲义 优质课件
She suggested he (should) go back to the countryside.
2 It is (high) time that sb. did sth.
It is time that the children went to bed. 3 as if 或 as though
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again. 4 without / but for / in the absence of 后的条件虚拟句
Without air, nothing could live. But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
语法体：完成体（perfect）与进行体（progressive） 进行体：I am eating. 完成体：I have eaten.
基本时态结构
1简单现在时 I love your Mercedes. 2现在进行时 You are standing too close to it. 3简单过去时 I wanted a car just like it. 4过去进行时 You were aiming too high. 5一般将来时 I will work for it. 6将来进行时 You will be working forever. 7现在完成时 I have worked hard before. 8现在完成进行时 You have been working for nothing 9过去完成时 I had saved my money. 10过去完成进行时 You had been saving pennies. 11将来完成时I will have saved enough 12将来完成进行时 You will have been saving in vain.

英语语法教学ppt课件

英语语法教学ppt课件

before they went to the party."
Sense and voice
• Future simple/continuous/perfect: express actions that will occur in the future
Sense and voice
Voice
Active voice: The subject performs the action Example: "She sings beautifully."
03
CATALOGUE
English Grammar Rules and Appl
The number and case of nouns
Noun number
Singular and plural forms of nouns Plural forms of nouns ending in - s, - es, - ves, - ies, es, - ums, - ons, - oms, etc
Passive voice: The subject receives the action Example: "The book was written by her."
Subjunctive Mood and Modal Verbs
Subjunctive mood
Modal verbs
Used for wishes, hypotheses, and conditions contemporary to fact Example: "If I were you, I would study more."
English grammar is an important component of English learning and is of great significance in improving students' reading, writing, speaking, and listening abilities. With the acceleration of globalization, mastering English grammar proficiently is of increasing significance for the future development of students.

《英语语法基础》课件

结合实际应用：将语法知识 应用到实际生活中，提高语
言运用能力
学习技巧
制定学习计划：明确学习目标，制定合理的学习计划 注重实践：通过阅读、写作、听力、口语等方式进行实践 利用资源：利用网络、书籍、课程等资源进行学习 定期复习：定期复习学过的知识，巩固记忆，提高学习效果
学习资源推荐
书籍：《英语语法大全》、《英语语法新思维》等 网站：BBC Learning English、English Grammar Secrets等 应用：Duolingo、Rosetta Stone等 课程：Coursera、Udemy等在线课程平台提供的英语语法课程
语态转换：主动语态转换为 被动语态，需要添加助动词
和过去分词
语态选择：根据句子意思和 上下文选择合适的语态，使
句子更通顺、更符合逻辑
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实情况的语气。 虚拟语气通常用于条件句、假设句、祈使句等句型中。 虚拟语气的构成包括：主语+助动词+动词原形。 虚拟语气的用法包括：条件句中的虚拟语气、假设句中的虚拟语气、祈使句中的虚拟语气等。
忆
互动性强：提 供练习题和案 例分析，增强
学习效果
生动有趣：采 用丰富的图片 和动画，增加
学习兴趣
02
英语语法基础知识
词类
• 名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称 • 动词：表示动作、状态或存在 • 形容词：表示人或事物的特征或属性 • 副词：表示方式、程度、时间、地点等 • 介词：表示时间、地点、方式等关系 • 连词：连接词、短语或句子，表示逻辑关系 • 感叹词：表示惊讶、喜悦、悲伤等情感 • 代词：代替名词或名词短语 • 数词：表示数量或顺序 • 冠词：用于名词前，表示名词的类别或数量 • 助动词：帮助构成时态、语态或语气 • 情态动词：表示能力、可能性、许可等 • 非谓语动词：包括动名词、不定式和分词，表示动作的状态或性质 • 感叹词：表示惊讶、喜悦、悲伤等情感 • 连词：连接词、短语或句子，表示逻辑关系 • 介词：表示时间、地点、方式等关系 • 冠词：用于名词前，表示名词的类别或数量 • 助动词：帮助构成时态、语态或语气

语言学概论语法PPT


语语法学家对语法所做的主观描写。
语法学以语法为基础和研究对象。广义的语法还包括语法学的意思。
语法对所有社会成员来说是共同的。语法学是少数人研究的结果，因而远不止一个。
第一节 语法概说
语法的特点
抽象性 我们学习语法 小玲爱科学 施+动+受 解放军保卫祖国
运用词形变化表示事物的数目的类别。
世界语言中常见的数范畴有：单数、 复数 、双数 teacher—teachers、pen—pens
汉语中的“们”是复数标记吗？ 我们、你们、他/她们、它们 学生们、老师们
数
格是表示词语之间结构关系和语义关系的语法范畴。
一般用名词和代词的形态变化表示各种不同的格，有些语言中形容词和数词也有与名词相应的格。
世界语言中常见的格范畴：主格、宾格、通格、作格、与格、属格、旁格。
汉语“的”是否是领格标记？
格
时
时表示动作行为的发生时间与说话时间之间的时序关系。
世界语言中的时范畴一般有：过去时、现在时和将来时。
汉语中有时范畴吗？英语中有将来时吗？
体
体是通过动词的词形变化表现出来的事件或动作的状态（已经完成、正在进行、刚刚开始、即将结束、结果状态正在持续）。
1
戏台上摆着鲜花→鲜花摆在戏台上
6
台上坐着主席团→主席团坐在台上
5
墙上挂着画 →画挂在墙上
4
门上贴着对联 →对联贴在门上
A 式
台上演着京戏→台上正在演京戏
门外敲着锣鼓→门外正在敲锣鼓
外面下着大雨→外面正在下大雨
大厅里跳着舞→大厅里正在跳舞
教室里上着课→教室里正在上课
炉子上熬着粥→炉子上正在熬粥
B式
级
把具有共同特征的语法形式概括起来形成的类，就叫语法手段。

英语语法第一课

• 2.谓语动词（predicate verb）它是说明主
语的动作和状态的。
• 3.表语（predicative）它是放在连系动词之
后表示主语的身份或特征的。表语也就是 主语补语。补语(complement)分为主语补 语和宾语补语。
• 4.宾语（object）它是表示及物动词动作的
对象的。
• 5.定语（attribute）它是限定或修饰名词或
English Grammar 英语语法 第一讲
1.语法是什么？ （What is grammar？ ）
• 语法是语言的组织规律, 它赋予语言以结构
系统。（the entire system of a language, including its syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology）
• 7.冠词(article, 缩写为art.) 说明名词所指的
人或物的词。An article is a name for the (definite article) and a, an (indefinite
article).
• 8.介词(preposition,缩写为prep.) 表示名词
• 4.他是我的顶头上司。 • He is above me. • 5.微积分对我来说太难了。 • Calculus was always beyond me. • 6.你打这个电话就能找到我。 • You can reach me at this phone number.
4. How does that song go?
• 具体地讲, 主要有下列六种句子成分。
• 1. 主语（subject）它是句子所要说明的人
或事物, 是一句的主体。The subject is the part of the sentence that names whom or

英语语法讲解PPT课件

4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美 元，the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示 一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。
2.2定冠词的用法：the
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正 是我要找的东西。 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、 等专有名词前： the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国
John and Mary's room（一间） 5） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如：a month or two's absence
名词 Exercise Test Thank you!
第二讲 冠词和数词
指明名词的含义。冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种 是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。 2) 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a 用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素 前，一般读做[en]。 1) 表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /
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What is language?
English is a language. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. English is such a system adopted and used by the English native speakers or non-English speakers. English can be divided into three periods: The old English period (A.D 450—1066), The Middle English Period(10661500), The Modern English Period(1500-present).
The Development of English Grammar (the groups of grammar)
1.What is language? 2.What is grammar? 3. The Development of English Grammar . The earliest grammars of English Traditional grammar (prescriptive grammar) Prescriptive grammar Descriptive grammar Structural grammar Transformational-generative grammar Case grammar Functional grammar
The Development of English Grammar
B. Traditional grammar(prescriptive grammar) It includes traditional parts of speech, sentence parsing, sentence diagramming and the like.Troditional grammar was used to be schoolroom grammar.
The Development of English Grammar
G.Case grammar H.Functional grammar I.systematical grammar
Grammatical terms
1.morpheme 2.word 3.phrase 4.clause 5.sentense 6.sentense group 7.text 8.specific reference 9.generic reference 10.sentence elements:subject(S), predicate(P), predicative(P) object(O),attribute(A),adverbial(A),complement,appostive,parthenthesi s operator(操作词),predication(述谓成分) 11.NP=noun phrase ; VP=verb phrase ;Prep=prepositional phrase ;Adv P=adverb phrase; 12.determiners: pre-determiner; central determiner;post determiner 13. voices: active voice; passive voice 14;parts of speech 15. clauses: nominal clause, relative clause, adverbial clauses( of cause,concession,condition,condition, manner,place,purpose,result,time). The other terms can seen in the book in page 794-809)
The Development of English Grammar
E. Structural grammar It was raised in 1906—1911. It is based on the assumption that grammatical categories should be defined not in terms of meaning but in terms of distribution, and that the structure of each language should be described without reference to the alleged universality of such categories as tense, mood and parts of speech.
The Development of English Grammar
Lowth’s grammar: works: A Short Introduction to English Grammar. His grammar followed on the heels of Dr.Johnson, and it was authoritarian and prescriptive, and remained the most influential grammar of English for decades
What is grammar?
That part of the study of language which deals with the forms and structure of words (morphology), with their customary arrangement in phrases and sentences (syntax), and now often with language sounds (phonology).

The systematical characteristics of A New English Grammar Course book 1. the method of grammatical hierarchy 1.1 A language hierarchy is composed of 5 ranks which go from the low to the high, morpheme, word, phrase, clause and sentence. (in grammar) 1.2 A language hierarchy is composed of 3 ranks: sentence, sentence-group and text. (in text) 1.3 the differences between previous grammar and A New English Grammar Course book
The Development of English Grammar
C. Prescriptive grammar works----The English Grammar(1640 Ben Johnson). Characters: Latin grammar is wholly used. Rules how to use English correctly are determined. using period:17th---19th century
The Development of English Grammar
D. Descriptive grammar It began in the late 19th century. Works---A New English Grammar(1891),Logical and Historical(1898) H.Sweet. Views: Language is changeable. Different language has different characters. It is against copying Latin grammar. It thinks that we should describe English language scientificof English Grammar
F. Transformational-generative grammar It was raised by N. Chomsky in the book Syntactic Structure in 1957.It has four development periods: a. basic rules(1957-65),b. standard theory(11965—1972), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. C. extended standard theory (1972—1977)d. revised expanded standard theory.
The Brief Introduction to English Grammar
The Development of English Grammar (the groups of grammar) Grammatical terms The systematical characteristics of A New English Grammar Course book Introduction to Grammatical Hierarchy
The Development of English Grammar
A. The earliest grammars of English English grammar study began during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. One of the earliest of these studies was a large work, written in Latin by John Wallis in 1653. His dictatorial “rules” of English grammar significantly influenced the earliest English native grammar, such as those written by Lowth and Johnson.