高英1、2、4、5、7、9课的修辞

⾼级英语1-9单元修辞⼿法总结Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as”or “like”.e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)2)…make a point of protesting4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Unit 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻暗喻是⼀种修辞，通常⽤指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从⽽暗⽰⼆者之间的相似之处。

高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结第一篇：高级英语第一册所有修辞方法及例子总结Personification:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Hyperbole Hyperbole is a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to emphasize a point, to create humor, or to achieve some similar effects1)...takes you...hundreds even thousands of years2)innumerable lamps3)with the dust of centuries4)…5)...cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...6)America laughed with him.7).The trial that rocked the world8)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.9)Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.Onomatopoeia:1)creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing2).its anking, heel icking3)appreciative chuckle4)clucked his tongueMetaphor1)2)3)4)5)I had a lump in my throat At last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought..hen the meaning...sank in, jolting me outof my sad reverie little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtlittle old Japan----traditional floating houses6)I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactHiroshima----people of Hiroshima, especially those who suffered from the A-bomb(keep her thoughts under control)E.g.1)Whether for him, the arch 3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except and racial domination.a.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.(give sb.an angry and quick glare)b.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.(the detective said the words suddenly and savagely.)c.Her tone...withered...(become shorter from her frightening voice)d....self-assurance...flickered...(hesitate;move with a quick wavering light emotion)e.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.1)f.Her voice was a whiplash.i.(a heavy blow)2)g.eyes bored into himi.(look at him pointedly or sharply)3)h.I’ll spell it out.a)(explain or speak outfrankly and in detail)4)1.Mark Twain---Mirror of America5)2.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruisethrough eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.6)3.The geographic core, in Twain's early years was the great valley of the MississippiRiver , main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart.7)4.The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied — acosmos.8)Cast of characters: people of various sorts;cosmos: a place where one can find all sortsof characters9)5.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, butits flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as will.10)current: stream, here not a good choice for the verb teem.11)6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever inNevada 's Washoe region.12)Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rushprevailing in that area.13)7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…14)15)16)17)18)19)20)21)22)23)24)25)26)27)28)29)30)31)32)33)34)failed 8.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.6.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada 's Washoe region.Succumbed…to: gave way to(yielded to, submitted to)the gold and silver rush prevailing in that area.7.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed.Flirted…wealth: did not try hard or persistently enough to get the colossal wealth…failed Digging …fame: working hard to gain regional fameMark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.Honed: sharpened/exercised.It is not suitable to say “sharpen one's muscles”.saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...(submarine comes back to the surface, here reappear)When railroads began drying up the demand......took unholy verbal shots...my case would snowball into...our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered inhis sonorous organ tones.… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…The case had erupted on my head.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a …But although Malone had won the oratorical duel with Bryan.Then the court broke into a storm of applause that …He accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death …Irony: a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm.1)Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan2)marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryAnti-climax : the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions.This device is usu.aimed at creating comic or humorous effects.1)a town known throughout the world for its---oystersParallelismthe repetition of sounds, meanings and structures serve to order, emphasize, and point out relationsϒϒϒϒ(1)The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies...(2)the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector(3)We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(4)are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.ϒ(5)Let us...Let us...ϒ(6)He hopes...He hopes(7)Behind all this glare, behind all this stormLitotes(double negative)(语轻意重法,间接肯定法)a)A negative before another word to indicate a strong affirmative in the oppositedirection.b).Sarcasm1)ah, yes, for there are times when all pray2)There is some doubt about that.3)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout theworld.Alliteration（头韵）repetition of vowel sound1)2)3)4)its anking, heel ickingRhetorical question1)E.g.… but can you doubt what our policy will be?Assonance e.g.when bigots lighted faggots to burn...Repetition –Antithesis(两个结构相似但是意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句)1)E.g.Anyman or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.(E.g.The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man a sword.)2)From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.3)...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...4)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverSimilea)b)c)d)e)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding...a memory that seemed phonographic...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a freshwind …Periodic sentence(圆周句)Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense.The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.松散句把主要意思放在次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道这句话的意思。

高级英语第二册1、2、3、5、7、10单元修辞Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners �Call men and boys, no women―threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chan t over and over again.―elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.―historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.―synecdoche4 As t he storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward―a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, andthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.―onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not eveninquisitive.―elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.―simile Lesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.―metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.―simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.―metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seedsmultiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.―simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English s lips and slides in conversation.―metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of �Dthe sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.―metaphor Lesson51 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.―metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.―metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolutionwaning.―antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?―parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.―metaphor, extended metap horLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth―and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of manto a macabre and depressing joke.―metaphor, hyperbole, antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination―and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.―hyperbole, antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.―litotes, understatement4 Obviously, if they were architects of any professional sense or dignityin the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides―achalet with a high pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, butstill essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it wastall.―sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.―metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of anegg long past all hope or caring.―ridicule ,irony, metaphor 7 I awardthis championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.―irony8 Safe in a Pullman, Ihave whirled through the gloomy, God-forsakenvillages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets ofGeorgia.―antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making ofthem.―hyperbole ,irony10 They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.―irony11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.―metaphor Lesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖ , and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the �Dflapper‖ and the �Ddrug-store cowboy‖.―transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

（完整版）高英第二册期末复习资料吐血整理（2469课修辞句子解释句子翻译课文翻译）高英第二册复习资料（修辞、句子解释、句子翻译、课文翻译）（2.3.6.9课）I rhetoric devicesLesson2 Marrakech1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailinga short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—-hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferredepithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onomatopoetic wordssymbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson3 inaugural address1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meeta power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifyingrenewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with historythe final judge of our deeds… -----parallelismLesson6 loving and hating New York1 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2The condescending view from the fiftie th floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphorLesson9 The loonsSimileGrandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo麦克里奥祖母那清秀的脸上此时显得像玉石雕像般的冷峻(Page194 Para12)At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.夜间的湖面看起来像一块黑色玻璃，只有一线水面因映照着月光才呈现出琥珀色(Page198 Para39) The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder电唱机播放出雷声般的音乐(Page199 Para48) MetaphorThrough the filigree of the spruce trees 透过一层云杉树叶织成的丝帘(page195 Para17)It seemed to me …daughter of the forest,a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds 在我看来，皮格特一定可以算是森林的女儿，是蛮荒世界的小预言家。

Figures of speech：rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche，anticlimax, metonymy，repetition，exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody。

periodic sentence irovy etc。

Lesson11）You pass from the heat and glare of a big，open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see，losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares，of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously，and of would—be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy。

——parallel construction3）Bargaining is the order of the day,and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop，selecting,pricing,and doing a little preliminary bargainging before they narrow dowen their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4）It grows louder and more distinct，until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers。

Unit 1*Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...*Simile:a vast somber cavern of a room*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法，象声词creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing*Personification:The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingThe camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately*Hyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesUnit 2*Metaphor：I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.e.g.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He took to the bottle.Metonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industry课文中的例句：...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg:He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven---deadto go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。

高级英语第一册修辞Mixed metaphor Metaphors(隐喻) Alliteration(首韵) Simile(明喻）Transferred epithet(移就）Synecdoche(题喻) Antithesis(对照）Parallelism(排比）Repetition(重复）Metonymy(借代）Personification(拟人）Euphemism（夸张）Lesson71. who ever know a Johnson with a quick tongue? （metaphor）2. She was determined to .....any disaster in her effort. (Personification)3. She put on some sunglasses.....of her nose and her chin.(Hyperbole夸张）4. ....perhaps a dog run over by ......enough to be kind of him.（Analogy类比）5. ....chin on chest,eyes on ground, feet in shuttle.(Hyperbole夸张）1. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)2. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)3.“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)4.You did not even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up anddown to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)5.“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)Lesson141.It excel all forms of human wickedness...ferocious aggression (Hyperbole, paradox)2.But can you dout what our policy will be ? （rhetorical question）3.We have rid the earth of his shadow....from his yoke.(metaphor)4.Any man or states who fight on against ....will have our aid.(Antithesis)5.It is not for me to ...,but this i will say ...(inversion)6.With its clanking (onomatopoeia) , hell-clicking （assonance）7.Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the archanti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of common.(metaphor)8.If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil inthe House of Commons.(exaggeration)9.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guardingthe fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)10.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many aBritish whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(assonance,periodic)11.We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. Weshall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(Parallelism)12. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)13. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call himHakim-a-barber .(metaphor)第二册Rhetorical：Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor,pun2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feeli ngs.—simile3 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile4 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration5 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor6. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just gl ows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor7. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor8. I have an unending love affairs with dictionaries -----metaphor9. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor10. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽11. perhaps it is my upbring in english.....has a charm of its own-metaphor, exaggeration12. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy13. … that suddenl y the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphorLesson21 . Are they really the same flesh as you self ? (synecdoche, rhetorical question)2 A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—Hyperbol3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile5.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them oldgrandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferred epithet6.If he calls himself a socialist thinks ahen he sees a black army marching past.(irony)1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back intothe nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration3. ..and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. ----simile4. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,and then more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31 But this peaceful revolution of hope can’t became the prey of hostile power- metaphor2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear anyburden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the successof liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little wecan do,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—antithesis,5 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax6 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis7 If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis8 And if a beachhead of co-operation m ay push back the jungle of suspicion…-----metaphor9 And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor10 The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor1…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor2 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism3 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesisWith a good cons cience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds… -----parallelism。

Lesson9高英修辞手法第一篇：Lesson9高英修辞手法Lesson9Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise througheternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.—metaphor ,hyperbole, parallelismI found another Twain as well—one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profoundpersonal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who was clearly ahead a black wall of night.—metaphorThe cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.—alliteration, metaphorHe went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region.simileFor eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent,and was rebuffed.—extended metaphor―It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome..—alliterationThe grave world smiles as usual, and says…--personification..one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night‖ Casually he debunkedrevered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.—antithesis exaggerationT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for BeckyThatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.–elliptical sentenceBitterness fed on the man who had made the worldlauth.—personificationLesson10The Trial That Rocked the World—hyperboleSeated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors andscientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University.—periodic sentence 3 ―Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks,‖ Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.—transferred epithetAfter a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind.—ironyOne shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE.—punDudley Field Malone called my conviction a ―victorious defeat.‖—oxymoronThe oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little coutin Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative of fices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intellectual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.—extended metaphor―Why don’t you take one or two of the others?‖ I asked.rhetorical question)Metaphor:Mark Twain---Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M.T.as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:..cruise through eternal boyhood and...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters...-a cosmos.Parallelism: Most Americans remember...the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis: ...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:..men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and daring...a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:..his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,...carried the first major commerceUnit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of AmericaV.Rhetorical devices1.Simile: Please refer to Lesson2.e.g.1)Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic,and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.(Para.1)2)Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection forBecky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence.(Para.15)2.Metaphore.g.1)…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.(Para.1)2)…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.(Para.3)3.Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is todisparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.It is most often restricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility and contempt.e.g.1)…I knew more abo ut retreating than the man that invented retreating.(Para.6)2)…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.(Para.13)4.Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g.It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed athome.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring anda recklessness of cost or consequences‖5.Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.e.g.1)…of the differencebetween what people claim to be and what they really are.(Para.5)2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.6.euphemisme.g.1)He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas whodiligently avoided contact with the enemy.2)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthlystruggles7.metonymye.g.…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World VII: Rhetorical devices1.Metaphor:No one,...that may case would snowball into......our town...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street...sprouted with...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…2.Simile:...swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...3.Metonymy...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above....below.4.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldHis reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.5.Ridicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted...Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.And it is a mighty strong combination.7.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.8.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he musthave come from below.9.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn...10.Repetition:The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...11.synecdoche1)the case had erupted round my head12.oxymoron(矛盾修饰法)Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?IV.Rhetorical devices1.Personification:The storm...that greeted...An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...The Yew York Times,...felt itThe Journal...saw...2.Alliteration:...very little light on Lincoln...on Life3.Sarcasm:a concept of how things get written that throws very little light o n Lincoln but a great deal on Life....“so simple” a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.4.Assonance: The difference between the much-touted...and the much clouted...5.Synecdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is...(metonymy)What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...6.MetonymyThe Washington Post,...“keep Your Old Webster's”in short,...written in the language that the 3rd International describes......very little light on Lincoln...on Life7.Zeugma:a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses(e.g.John and his driving licence expired last week)or to two others of which it semantically suits only one(e.g.with weeping eyes and hearts).Compare with syllepsis.(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts 中）。

高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing ofa bull)L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.(comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of one’s ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;wealth vs. poverty (economic);comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.forces of power demanding change(present participle)forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed… and anemic.power without love is reckless and abusivelove without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best… against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justicejustice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.the absence of vs. a want ofworldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.I have seen too much hateI’ve seen too much hate onI’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…The armies of… are marshaled against it.The legions of… will march against it.L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.a novelist’s characters hope for immortalitya pro’s for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.(disrespect) for powerorthodoxiesparty linesideologies…;that I would like to celebratethat I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.(slipping and sliding)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。

在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。

以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。

例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。

2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。

例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。

3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。

例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。

6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。

例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。

7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。

例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。

以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。

高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing ofa bull)L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.(comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of one’s ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:L12-16: And any man or woman… chalice of Fame. (willingly drinking the poisoned chalice)9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;wealth vs. poverty (economic);comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.forces of power demanding change(present participle)forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed… and anemic.power without love is reckless and abusivelove without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best… against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justicejustice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.the absence of vs. a want ofworldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.I have seen too much hateI’ve seen too much hate onI’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…The armies of… are marshaled against it.The legions of… will march against it.L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.a novelist’s characters hope for immortalitya profile journalist’s for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.(disrespect) for powerorthodoxiesparty linesideologies…;that I would like to celebratethat I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.(slipping and sliding)L11-23: Uncle Ben would let out his belt—a fancy Western belt with steer heads and silver buckle —with a. (snap and a sigh)L11-24: Bones would be thrown to dogs,…daintily and disgustedly picking their padded feet through the snow, … the sky like blood. (daintily and disgustedly)L12-5: For the goal… that may sound. (factual and fictional)L12-5: The armies of… The legions of… (“Marshal” and “march”)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

Unit 1*Metaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild...*Simile:a vast somber cavern of a room*Onomatopoeia: 拟声法，象声词creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashing*Personification:The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back...dancing flashesThe beam sinks…taut and protestingThe camels are the largest and finest I have seen, and in superb condition —— muscular, massive and stately*Hyperbole:takes you ...hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesUnit 2*Metaphor：I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end...I was again crushed by the thought......when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...*Metonymy: In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a change of name.e.g.She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. He took to the bottle.Metonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of personsUncle Sam: the USAb. Animalsthe bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon : the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the bodyheart: feelings and emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongrey hair: old aged. Profession:the press: newspapers, reporters etc.He met the press yesterday evening at the Grand Hotel.the bar: the legal professione. location of government, business etc.Downing Street: the British Governmentthe White House: the US president and his governmentthe Capital Hill: US CongressWall Street: US financial circlesHollywood: American filmmaking industry课文中的例句：...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact*Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasanteg:He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.The boy is a bit slow for his age.to go to heaven---deadto go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call。

高英修辞unit 1-unit 8 总结Figures of speech: simile明喻, metaphor暗喻, personification拟人, synecdoche提喻, anticlimax渐降, metonymy转喻 repetition反复, hyperbole夸张, euphemism委婉, antonomasia换喻/换称, parody仿拟. Parallelism 排比1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their wayamong the throngs of people entering and leaving thebazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and seea fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches thelight of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor andpersonification)---------- P2,L1.3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lieelsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb thisbazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard,perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels liedisdainfully chewing their hay, while… (personification)------P3, L1.5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high andsixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L16) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious eachtime the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L27)“Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud andhappy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)----P15, L2.8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .Ifelt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9) Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasturefor fast-food beef .(alliteration)-----P30,L310) According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are moredifferent species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .(metonymy)----P31,L3.11) What should we feel toward these ghosts in thesky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.12) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by somecareless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.(hyperbole)----P58, L4.14) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throwsout .( hyperbole)15) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just callhim Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.16)“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)—P62, L4.17) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing thedasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4.18)“Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)---P63, L4.19) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)20) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him,the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)21) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable referenceto the Devil in the House of Commons.( hyperbole)----P79,L5.22) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is nowunfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier anda safer prey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.26) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any ofhis gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)27) Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasksfrom men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity. (Metonymy) 28) The back door opens to let out the dog .The TV set blinks on with theday’s first newscast: a selective rundown…(Personification)----P115, L7.29) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button ona bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos.(Antonomasia)30) Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and thebaker and grocer on the tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies for tonight’s dinner party. (Synecdoche)31) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplifylife in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. (Synecdoche)----P116, L7.32) In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center ofsociety, as it was before the industrial Revolution. (Metaphor) 33) the Device’s ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times,will similarly the lights on an off as needed. (Metaphor)34) Next to health, heart, and home, happiness for mobile Americansdepends upon the automobile. (Alliteration, metonymyrepetition,)-----P118, L7.35) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonianantique. (Antonomasia)36) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of thecomputer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit.(Parody)----P120, L737) His competitors envisioned the greater potential for entertainmentand art, where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven.(Synecdoche)38) Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway?(Metaphor)39) Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among thema tour of the Smithsonian, in which the viewer selects which corridorto enter by clicking on the screen. (Antonomasia)40) She says consumers would be a little like information “cowboys,”rounding up data from computer based archives and informationservices.(Simile)41) To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will relyon programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rape in the subjects the viewer wants. (Metaphor)42) Maes and others concede that there’s a dark side to all these brightdreams. (Metaphor)43) And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind: spieswho might like to keep tabs on the activities of your electronic butlers? (Parody)----P137, L8.44) Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information. (Metaphor)-----P137, L8.。