高英精读6修辞整理

Metaphor You could say that I am a bananaMetaphor But while I don ’ t believe our roots necessarily define us, Ido believe there are racially inflected assumptions wired into our neural circuitry.Artithesis A conspicuous person standing apart from the crowd and yet devoid of any individuality.Metaphor China becomes the destination for our industrial base and the banker controlling our burgeoning debt.Metaphor I feel like I ’ mjumping the gun a generation or two too early. ”Metaphor Who can seriously claim that a Harvard University that was 72 percent Asian would deliver the same grooming for elite status its students had gone there to receiveMetaphor Before having heard from Mao, I had considered myself at worst lightly singed by the last embers of Asian alienation.Oxymoron It was a big, squarish frame house that had on ce been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolle d balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies,set on what had once been our most select PersonificationOnly Miss Emily's house was left,mps-an eyesore among eyesores.street. lifting its stubborn andcoquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline puAlliterationIt smelled of dust and disuse--a close, dank smell.SynecdocheThat night the Board of Aldermen met--three graybeards and o ne younger man, a member of the rising generation.Metaphor She carried her head high enough--even when we believed that she was fallen.PersonificationThen we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman's life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to d ie.SynecdocheThey held the funeral on the second day, with the town com ing to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers ,Metaphora diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no win ter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years.MetaphorThe body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conq uers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him,Metaphor 前/simle 后There was a tin mug hanging on the pump, and when I drank from it on a burning day, I thought of black rocks where the waterran sparkling like black diamonds .Metaphor These grew so thick they looked as if they must be rooted on islands, on dry land, but they were actually growing out of river muck, and trapped ( trapping ) our legs in their snaky roots.Metonymy There was a keen alarm whenthe cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion.Metaphor 前/simle 后How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.Simle My heart was beating in big thumps, like howls happening in my chest.Metaphor She swept me into her life as she had always done, telling me that she had thought she was going to be late because Claire had got a bug in her ear that morning and had to be taken to the hospital to have it flushed out, Metonymy和alliteration And I had moved for the newfangled reason that was approved of mightily but fleetingly and only in somespecial circles－ leaving husband and house and all the things acquired during the marriage Metaphor I was happy with all this － it made me feel as if I had made a true change, a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage.Metaphor And I did more or less the same thing every time I thought of them － I snapped my mind shut.Transfered epithet 移就 All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happy energy.Metaphor the water was steel gray, and looked to be rolling,Metaphor something coming, from the direction of the midnight clouds. Metaphor Curtains of rain － not veils but really thick and wildly slapping curtains － were driven ahead of it.Metaphor So close together that wecouldaround our feet,Metaphor It had a weight to it, a warningapology. Parallelism 排比 I thought of the momentwhen he got out of the car. The noise he must have made. The momentwhen the child ’ s mother came running out of the house.Metaphor A person who knew － as I did not know, did not comenear knowingnot look at each other － wecould only look down, at the miniaturerivers already breaking up the earthdetermination edged with一exactly what rock bottom was like.MetaphorSolar radiation-largely visible and ultraviolet light-is a vast stream of energy that bathes the Earth's surface, fluctuat ing from day to night and season to season.Metaphor noxious fumes of smog blanket every major city;Metaphorthe natural ecosphere, the thin global skin of air, water, and soil and the plants and animals that live in it,MetaphorA free lunch is really a debt. In the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledgedbut unmet Cost-the mortgage on a factory building, for example.MetaphorIt is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other, as a design for negotiating an end to this suicidal war- for making peace with the planet.Metaphor An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.Synecdoche It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon.Metaphor Belief can be the servant of truth - but even more of convenience.Metaphor It causes us to avoid thinking about death. It causes a great many people to avoid thought of the arms race and the consequent rush toward a highly probable extinction.Metaphor Cut the knot , for there is no way to untie it.Metontmy In the record of this conflict, ideology has attracted someof the strongest intelligences mankind has produced —those whom Sir Isaiah Berlin, termed the “hedgehogs” , who knows one big thing,Metonymy After all, the American mind was conditioned by one of the noblest and most formidable structures of analysis ever devised,Parallel There have been hedgehogs throughout American history whohave attempted to endow America with an all-inclusive creed, to translate Americanism into a set of binding propositions, and to construe the national tradition in terms of one or another ultimate law.Parallel The ideologist contends that the mysteries of history can be understood in terms of a clear-cut, absolute, social creed which explains the past and forecasts the future. Ideology thus presupposes a closed universe whose history is determined, whose principles are fixed, whose values and objectives are deducible from a central body of social dogma and often whose central dogmais confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood.Allteration These empirical instincts, the preference for fact over logic, for deed over dogma,Ironic against the notion that all answers to political and social problems can be found in the back of some sacred book 圣书, against the deterministic interpretation of history, against the closed universe,Personification /metonymy the world is coming to understand that the mixed economy offered the instrumentalities through which one can unite social control with individual freedom.Metaphor But ideology is a drug; no matter how much it is exposed by experience, the craving for it still persists.。

高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。

常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。

二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。

三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。

引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。

高英第六册修辞整理（仅供参考）Lesson one1 This is, in some ways an admirable solution. Irony2 however Malthus was himself not without a certain felling of reasonability. Double negative4 The elimination of the poor is nature’s way of improving the race. Irony5 It has again become a major philosophical, literary, and rhetorical preoccupation, and an economically not unrewarding enterprise. Double negative irony6 It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon irony7 The allegation of government incompetence is associated in our time with the general condemnation of the bureaucrat–again excluding those associated with national defense. The only form of discrimination that is still permissible–that is, still officially encouraged irony8 When these aberrations have occurred they have, oddly enough, all been in the Pentagon. Irony.9 All this would seem a considerable achievement for incompetent and otherwise ineffective people. Alliteration10 The second design in this great centuries-old tradition is to argue that any form of public help to the poor only hurts the poor. Irony 11 this is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction. Irony metaphor12 Can we really believe that any considerable number of the poor prefer welfare to a good job? Or that business people–corporate executives, rhetorical question13 Again, expenditure on national defense is excepted. Irony14 This is possibly the mos t transparent of all of the designs;Irony15Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. Inversion16. Whether they be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, irony17 All, save perhaps the last, are in great inventive descent from Bentham, irony18 and his colleagues are clearly in a notable tradition irony19 So are the philosophers now celebrated in Washington: George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, irony20 he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity i n high Washington circles. IronyLesson 21 But these mark of wild country called to my father like the legendary siren song simile allusion2 the memories of this trip have colored my life. Flashback3 in this deep and room box were packed our camping equipment and food supplies inversion4 one big kettle stood up on three long legs to sit over a firepersonification5 its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling simile6 as an added treat papa sometimes would cut the heart out of a cabbage palmetto simile7 the burly arms of the oaks were huge with and ……….the woods were tossing with jewels simile8 not without trepidation, papa made arrangements……. double negative9 17 段最后一句was not dissimilar to the ……… double negative10 there was the little shack, not the most gracious of livingquarters …………understatement11 there was also, and most important, a cook stove ……periodic sentence12 20 段倒数第二句that quacked us awakeat …..onomatopoeia13 the big house in the trees looked safe and sturdy…..alliteration14 suddenly, sometime that summer, a day came when all work ceased…………periodic sentenceLesson 31. The human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack. Metaphor2...the accident at Chernobyl amounts to a serious but local fire that destroyed the plant. Anti-climax3. But unlike the conventional marketplace, which deals in goods-things that serve a useful purpose –this scheme creates a marketplace in “bads”pun4.The purpose is less a lament over the war’s numero us casualties than an inquiry into ……metaphorLesson 41. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence---the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Personification2. They might have followed the boys out from town…..subjunctive mood3. How all my own territory would be altered, as if alandside ….metaphor, simile4. A common name, A stupid flat-faced child with dirty blond hair. Elliptical sentences5….leaving husband and house a nd all the things acquired…. alliteration6….a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage metaphor7. ….was it delicacy or disapproval? alliteration8. All that afternoon that the men were gone I was full of happy energy transferred epithet9. I stood …., when we were soaked and safe and ….. alliterationLesson five1. Had that been so, the Indians, for whom the radio was even more favorable,……over the seas. Subjunctive mood2. termed the “hedgehogs”, who know one big thing, as against the “foxes”, who know many small things. metaphor3. Yet most of the time Americans have foxily mistrusted…4. Ideology thus presupposes…to the custody of an infallible priesthood. satire5.第16段多处against, a universe parallelism6. …against the notion that all answers ….. in the back of some sacred book sarcasm(讽刺，挖苦)7. But ideology is a drug. metaphor8. But the only certainty in an absolute system is the certainty of absolute abuse. RepetitionLesson 71. We observe today not a victory of the party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as change. Repetition, balanced structure2. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. Contrast3. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe---the belief come not from the …but from the hand of God. Biblical language4. Let the world go forth from this time and place, to friends and foe alike. Alliteration5….that torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans…metaphor6….oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty alliteration7. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do---for we dare not meet a powerful challenge… antithesis8. 6,7,8段以“to those”开头repetition9….those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. Metaphor10.If a free society can not help the many who are poor, it can not save the few who are rich. Antithesis11.But this peaceful revolution cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Metaphor12. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its house. Metaphor13….our last best hope have in an age where the instrument of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace. Antithesis14. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. Emphatic structure, repetition15….yet both racing to alter that uncertain ……stays the h and of mankind’s final war. Synecdoche16. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate. Chiasmus17. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Antithesis18’ to “undo the heavy burdens…and let the oppressed go free” biblical quotation19. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…metaphor20.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest…..inver sion21. …..not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need---not as a call to battle, though embattled we are repetition，antithesis22. Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance alliteration23. –and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. Metaphor24. Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. Antithesis, repetitionLesson 91.They say “Aiken” and you see a white butterfly glance off a fence with a torn wing. Metaphor2.These sugar-brown Mobile girls move through the streets without a stir. They are as sweet and plain as buttercake. Metaphor3.The dreadful funkiness of passion, the funkiness of nature, the funkiness of the wide range of human emotions. Irony, repetition4.They worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair. Repetition5.What they do not know is that this plain brown girl will build her neststick by stick, make it her own inviolable world, and stand guard over its every plant… metaphor6. Eyes that questioned nothing and asked everything. Antithesis7. Pecola backed out of the room, staring at the pretty milk-brown lady in the pretty gold-and-green house who was talking to her through the cat’s fur. Irony补充1. Murray is the voice of Spencer in our time. Antonomasia2．It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon metonymy。

Rhetorical devices applied in Advanced English from unit 1 to unit 6Book I(rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.periodic sentence; irony etc.)Unit11)You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearinga way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.-- parallelism3)Bargaining is the order of the day, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing, and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4)It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.—metaphor ,personification5)In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe—the red of the live coals glowing bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.--consonance6) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.--metaphor7)The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.--metaphor8) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… personification9)It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mud-brick roof are only dimly visible.—metaphor10）The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds—even thousands—of years.---hyperboleUnit 21 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan.—irony2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration3 And secondly. because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official mightsay.—metaphor4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—metonymy6 Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands upon thousands of people had been die in slow agony.—parallelism7 Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird ,and add it to the others.—euphemism 8 There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .—synecdoche9 “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. --anticlimax10 But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .—alliterationUnit 31 but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.—understatement2 Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forest-land, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities.—parallelism sentence3 This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.--irony4 Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef --.alliteration5 According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .--metonymy.6 What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?—metaphor7 Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?—metaphorUnit 41 And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. --hyperbole2 I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .—hyperbole3 After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor4 “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s” .Wangero said ,laughing .--ironic.5 You didn’t eve n have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .--metaphor6 “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”--simile7 She gasped like a bee had stung her .—simile8 She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no” is a word the world never learned to say to her.—metaphor personification9 You’ve no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has “made it “is confronted, as a surprise, by her owe mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage.—elliptical sentence10 She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground---.parallelism11 She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts.—metaphorUnit 51 Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.--metaphor2 If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.—hyperbole3 But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.--metaphor4 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.----simile, alliteration5 I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.-----metaphor6 I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.-----metaphor personification7 We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. -----parallelism8 I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, its crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a dozen countries.—metaphor alliteration9 Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind..—metaphor10 We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help. we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated it peoples from is yoke.—metaphor; parallelism11 It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States, but this I will say: if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.----periodic sentence12. He has so long thrived and prospered.___ repetition13. But can you doubt what our policy will be?--- rhetorical question14. From this nothing will turn us —nothing, but this I will say--- inversionUnit 61 Metaphor:•...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…•his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.•The words spat forth with sudden savagery.•I’ll spell it out.•Her tone ...withered...•...self-assurance...flickered...•The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.•Her voice was a whiplash.•eyes bored into him•they'll throw the book,...2 In what conceivable way does our car concern you?—rhetorical question3…and you took a lady friend .Leastways, I guess you’d call her that if you’re not too fussy.—euphemism4.Metonymy:…won 100 at the tables5.Onomatopoeia:…appreciative chuckle…clucked his tongue。

英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。

明喻的表达方法是：A像B。

2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。

喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。

暗喻又叫隐喻。

例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。

（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。

4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。

就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。

5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。

夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。

转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。

转喻又称换喻，或借代。

9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。

10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

英语修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.例如:1>.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.2>.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.3>.Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.2>.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.Thekettleboils.水开了.2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.?5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。

以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。

例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。

二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。

例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。

三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。

对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。

例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。

四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。

交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。

例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。

五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。

例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。

六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。

例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。

七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。

例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。

八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。

例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。

九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。

U11.Damn filial piety. Damn gr ade gr ubbing. Damn Ivy League mania. Damn deference to authority. Damn humility and hard work. Damn harmonious relations. Damn sacrificing for the future. Damn earnest, striving middle-class servility. para5 (Alliteration）2.You are pumping the iron of math. para13(Metaphor)3.He had always felt himself a part of a mod of ”nameless, faceless Asian kids”，who were” like a part of the decor of the place.” para17(Simile)4.Before having heard from Mao, I had considered myself at the worst lightly signed by the last embers of Asian alienation. para22(Metaphor)5.in other wards, Battle Hymn provides all the material needed to refute the very cultural polemic for which it was made to stand. para41(Transition)U41.From that time on, we could pump out pure cold water no matter what the time of the year and no matte r how dry the weather. (para 3)Alliteration repetition internal rhyme2.There was ting mug hanging on the pump, and when I drank from it, on a burning day, I thought of black rocks where the water ran sparkling like black diamonds. (para 3) simile3...., and the rain washed down the windows and made a racket like stones on the roof.(para 6) simile4.Each of the trees on the place had an altitude and a presence—the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. (para 7) personification5.There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body...(para 10) metaphor6.How all my territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone trough it and....(para13) simile exaggeration7....with the woman’s mind all swamped by maternal juice,...(para 18) metaphor8....leaving husband and house and all the things acquired in marriage...(para 20) alliteration9.... it made me feel as if I had made a true change, a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage.(para 2) metaphor10.And I did more or less the same thing every time I thought of them: I snapped my mind shut.(para 24) metaphor11.She did not ask me— was it delicacy or disapproval ?—about my new life.( para 29) alliteration12.I had lived in cities long enough to have forgotten how crickets can make a perfect waterfall of noise.(para 49) metaphor13.The tops of the trees were swaying and there was...like the sound of a wave full of stones ...(para 71) simile14.It looked as if a large portion of the sky has had detached itself and was bearing down, bustling and resolute, taking a not quite recognizable but animate shape. (para 72) simile personification exaggeration15.Curtains of rain—not veils but really thick and wildly slapping...(para 72) metaphor16...., and the miniature rivers already breaking up the earth around our feet.(para 74) metaphor17.I felt the heat of the sun strike my shoulders before I looked up into its festival light.(para 76) metaphor18.Now was the time, when we were soaked and safe and confronted with the radiance.(para 77) alliteration19.It had a weight to it, a warning—determination edged with apology.(para 79) alliteration20.And I did not say anything—not one kind, common, helpless word.(para86) climax21.I knew now that he was a person who had hit rock bottom.(para 88) metaphor22.But they would share a knowledge of it—that cool, empty, locked, and central space.(para 88) climax?U7Metaphor: The American Beauty Rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. (para.8) Cut the knot,for there is no way to unite it.(para.20)Satire: Couples in love should repair to R.H.Macy's, not their bedrooms. (para.6)It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon. (para.12)Analogy: In economic life, as in biological development, the overriding rules was survival of the fittest. (para.7)Parallelism: Roosevelt and the presidents who followed him accepted a substantial measure of responsibility for the old through Social Security, for the unemployed through unemployment insurance, for the unemployable and the handicapped through direct relief, and for the sick through Medicare and Medicaid. (para.10)Rhetorical question:Can we really believe that any considerable….a good job?Or that business …their pay? (para.16)Personification:Belief can be the servant of truth—but even more of convenience.(para.16)Irony: This is, in some ways, an admirable solution.(para.3)This is associated with the name of David Ricardo, a stockbroker, and Thomas Robert Malthus, a divine.(para.5)Antithesis: While there were people with great good fortune and many more with great ill fortune. (para.4)U11Para 1(simile, pun）Clumsy in my rented pattern leather shoes and stiff black tuxedo, I stand among these gorgeous women like a crow among doves.Para 4(simile)I fear that I will stagger along beside my elegant daughter like a veteran wounded in foreign wars.Para 5(inversion)Poised on the dais wearing a black ministry robe and a white stone is the good friend whom Eva and I know best as our guide on canoe trip through the Boundary Water.Para 11(inversion )The organ strikes up Bach’s “Jesus, Joy of Man’s Desiring ” for the…and down the aisle they skim, those gorgeous women in midnight blue.Para 11(simile)...carrying their fronds of flowers like spears.Para 12(parallelism and repetition)I want events to pause so I can ...,so we can ...,so we can ...,so I can ... (synecdoche )We move into the open doorway, and two hundred faces turn their lit eyes on us. Para 13(metaphor)The glow of happiness had to cool before it would crystallize into memory.Para 14(antithesis)..., we find the multiplicity of things fusing into greater and greater simplicity .Para 15( simile)I summon onto my computer…like a ball of heathery yarn.Then I call up…for all the world like the burning iris of tiger.( metaphor)This fierce glare began its journey… in their prime time.Para 16(metaphor)Set up in me the same hum of delight.( anaphora )It might be a line of poetry …It might be a line …(antithesis)The provocation might be as grand as a mountain sunrise or as humble as icicle’s jeweled tip.Para 17(parallelism)Now and again some voice raised…some passage of music,some noise…(metaphor)Just so,over and over again,impulses from the world stir a responsive chord in me…and awe.(parallelism)A screen owl calls, a comet streaks the night sky,a story moves unerringly to a close…between myself and whatever I behold.Para 18(simile)Perhaps,like my guitar…Para 20( metaphor )A wedding gown will eventually grow musty… the glow will seep out of the brightest day.( parallelism )There are books I’ve read, pieces of music I’ve listened to ideas I’ve revisited… Para22(synaesthesia)the smell of thunderstorm ...Para 24(rhetorical question )What do we see ...where human first lived ?Para 26(parallelism ,metaphor )So we answer the breathing ...we answer the beauty ...Our ears may be finely ..., but that does ...why ....Our eyes may be those ...,but that ...why ...Para 28(metaphor , simile )A ripple of voices follows us ...,like the sound of waves ...(antithesis )The walk seems to go on forever ,but ...be over far too soon.(simile )My heart thrashes like a bird in a sack.Para 31(antithesis)…, a gesture that seemed small in rehearsal yesterday but that seems huge today. Para 33(antithesis,paradox)The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it’s comprehensible.(antithesis)We’re a long way from understanding everything, but we do understand a great deal about how nature behaves.Para 34(metonymy)By discerning patterns in the universe, Newton believed, he was tracing the hand of God.(antithesis)You can do science without believing in a divine Legislator, but not without believing in laws.Para 35(metaphor，analogy)I spent my teenage years scrambling up the mountain of mathematics.Para 37(parallelism)To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses.Para 40(metaphor)It flows around and through us in such abundance, and in such myriad forms, as to exceed by a wide margin any mere evolutionary need.U111. para1Clumsy in my rented patent leather shoes and stiff black tuxedo （emphasis）I stand among these gorgeous women like a crow among doves（simile）I realize they are gorgeous not because they carry bouquets or wear silk dresses, but because the festival of marriage has slowed time down until any fool can see their glory. （metaphor）2. para4I fear that I will stagger along beside my elegant daughter like a veteran wounded in foreign wars（simile）3. para5Poised on the dais, wearing a black ministerial robe and a white stole, is the good friend whom Eva and know best as our guide on canoe trips through the Boundary Waters（inversion）4. para11The organ strikes up Bach's "Jesus, Joy of Man's Desiring" for the bridesmaids' entrance, and down the aisle they skim, those gorgeous women in midnight blue.（simile, metaphor,inversion）...carrying their fronds of flowers like spears. (simile)5. para12I want events to pause so I can practice the step, so we can go canoeing once more in the wilderness, so we can sit on a boulder by the sea and talk over life's mysteries, so I can make up to my darling for anything she may have lacked in her girlhood.（parallelism）two hundred faces turn their lit eyes on us（synecdoche）We move into the open doorway, and two hundred faces turn their lit eyes on us.(synecdoche )6. para13The glow of happiness had to cool before it would crystallize into memory.（antithesis）The glow of happiness had to cool before it would crystallize into memory .(metaphor)7. para14if we trace the universe back to its origins in the Big Bang, we find the multiple things fusing into greater and greater simplicity（antithesis）8. para15I summon onto my computer screen an image of Jupiter wrapped in its bands of cloud like a ball of heathery yarn.（simile）Then I call up the Cat's Eye Nebula, incandescent swirls of red looped around the gleam of a helium star, for all the world like the burning iris of a tiger（simile, metonymy）This fierce glare began its journey toward earth 3, 000 years ago （personfication）The glow of happiness had to cool before it would crystallize into memory. (Metaphor)This fierce glare began its journey… in their prime time.( metaphor)9. para16of spinning galaxies and trembling bouquets-set up in me the same hum of delight（metaphor）The stimulus might be the sheen of moonlight on the edges of a white pine, or the iridescent glimmer on a dragonfly's tail, or the lean silhouette of a ladder-back chair, or the glaze on a hand-thrown pot. It might be bird song or a Bach sonata or the purl of water over stone. It might be a line of poetry, the outline of cheek, the savor of bread, the sway of a bough or a bow. The provocation might be as grand as a mountain sunrise or as humble as an icicle's jeweled tip,（anaphora, parallelism, repetition）10. para17Just so, over and over again, impulses from the world stir a responsive chord in me-not just any chord, but a particular one, combining notes of elegance, exhilaration, simplicity, and awe.（metaphor）11. para18Perhaps, like my guitar, I'm only ding box played on by random forces（simile）12. para20Mustn't beauty be shallow if it can be painted on? Mustn't beauty be a delusion if it can blink off and on like a flickering bulb?（parallelism）13. para 26So we answer the breathing of the land with our own measured breath; we answer the beauty we find with the beauty we make（parallelism, aynaesthesia）14. para28A ripple of voices follows us toward the altar, like the sound of waves breaking on cobbles（simile）The walk seems to go on forever, but it also seems to be over far too soon（antithesis）My heart thrashes like a bird in a sack（simile）15. para33The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it's comprehensible（antithesis, paradox）We're a long way from understanding everything, but we do understanda great deal about how nature behaves（antithesis）16.para34By discerning patterns in the universe, Newton believed, he was tracing the hand of God.(metonymy)You can do science without believing in a divine Legislator, but not without believing in laws（antithesis）17. para35I spent my teenage years scrambling up the mountain of mathematics. （metaphor, analogy）18. Para 37To measure background radiation, we need subtle instruments; to measure beauty, we need alert intelligence and our five keen senses.(parallelism)19.Para 40It flows around and through us in such abundance, and in such myriad forms, as to exceed by a wide margin any mere evolutionary need.(metaphor)Unit12Para1 Mr. Bull with his top hat, his comfortable clothes, his substantial stomach, and his substantial balance at the bank. (alliteration)Para1 Saint George may caper on banners. (paradox)Para1 And even Saint George—if Gibbon is correct—wore a top hat once.(pun)Para1 he was an army contractor and supplied indifferent bacon.(transferred epithet)Para2 Just as the heart of England is the middle classes, so the heart of the middle classes is the public school system.(analogy)Para3 They remember with regret that golden time when life, tough hard, was not yet complex; when they all worked together and played together and thought together, so far as they thought at all; when they were taught that school is the world in miniature and believed that no one can love his country who does not love his school. (parallelism)Para3 And they go forth into a world that is not entirely composed of ...; into a world of whose richness and subtlety they have no conception. They go forth into it with well-developed bodies,... (parallelism)Para6 Do you measure out your emotions as if they were potatoes?(Simile)Para6 This may be measuring them like potatoes, but it is better than slopping them about like water from a pail, which is what you did.(Simile)Para7 He feels his resources are endless, just as John Bull feels his are finite.(antithesis)Para7 The more we express them, the more we may have to express. (paradox)Para8 The Frenchmen responded at once, the Englishmen responded in time. (antithesis)Para9 We can't get fire out of ice. Since literature always rests upon national character, there must be in the English nature hidden springs of fire to produce the fire we se e. The warm sympathy, the romance, the imagination, that we look for ... or we could not have this outburst of national song. (metaphor)Para10 We know what the sea looks like from a distance: ... (metaphor) Para10 And occasionally we see that beautiful creature the flying fish, which rises out of the water altogether into the air and the sunlight. (metaphor)Para11 And now let's get back to terra firma. (pun)Para11 Let the critics back. (metaphor)Para12 ... but we are perfide Albion, the island of hypocrites, the people who have built up an Empire with a Bible in one hand, a pistol in the other, and financial concessions in both pockets. (metonymy)Para13 Of this I believe them to be guilty. (inversion)Para15 It has always impressed me that the national diseases of Englandshould be cancer and consumption—slow, insidious, pretending to be something else. (metaphor)Para16 His character, which pfevents his rising to certain heights, also prevents him from sinking to these depths. (antithes is)。

Metaphor You could say that I am a bananaMetaphor But while I don’t believe our roots necessarily define us, I do believe there are racially inflected assumptions wired into our neural circuitry.Artithesis A conspicuous person standing apart from the crowd and yet devoid of any individuality.Metaphor China becomes the destination for our industrial base and the banker controlling our burgeoning debt.Metaphor I feel like I’m jumping the gun a generation or two too early.”Metaphor Who can seriously claim that a Harvard University that was 72 percent Asian would deliver the same grooming for elite status its students had gone there to receive?Metaphor Before having heard from Mao, I had considered myself at worst lightly singed by the last embers of Asian alienation.Oxymoron It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the se venties, set on what had once been our most select street.PersonificationOnly Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores.Alliteration It smelled of dust and disuse--a close, dank smell.SynecdocheThat night the Board of Aldermen met--three graybeards and one younger man, a me mber of the rising generation.Metaphor She carried her head high enough--even when we believed that she was f allen.PersonificationThen we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which h ad thwarted her woman's life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to d ie.SynecdocheThey held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emilybeneath a mass of bought flowers,Metaphora diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, d ivided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years.MetaphorThe body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long slee p that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him,Metaphor前/simle后There was a tin mug hanging on the pump, and when I drank from it on a burning day, I thought of black rocks where the water ran sparkling like black diamonds.Metaphor These grew so thick they looked as if they must be rooted on islands, on dry land, but they were actually growing out of river muck, and trapped （trapping）our legs in their snaky roots.Metonymy There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion.Metaphor前/simle后How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike.Simle My heart was beating in big thumps, like howls happening in my chest.Metaphor She swept me into her life as she had always done, telling me that she had thought she was going to be late because Claire had got a bug in her ear that morning and had to be taken to the hospital to have it flushed out,Metonymy和alliteration And I had moved for the newfangled reason that was approved of mightily but fleetingly and only in some special circles－leaving husband and house and all the things acquired during the marriageMetaphor I was happy with all this－it made me feel as if I had made a true change, a long necessary voyage from the house of marriage.Metaphor And I did more or less the same thing every time I thought of them－I snapped my mind shut.Transfered epithet移就All afternoon while the men were gone I was full of happy energy.Metaphor the water was steel gray, and looked to be rolling,Metaphor something coming, from the direction of the midnight clouds.Metaphor Curtains of rain－not veils but really thick and wildly slapping curtains－were driven ahead of it.Metaphor So close together that we could not look at each other－we could only look down, at the miniature rivers already breaking up the earth around our feet,Metaphor It had a weight to it, a warning－determination edged with apology.Parallelism排比I thought of the moment when he got out of the car. The noise he must have made. The moment when the child’s mother came running out of the house.Metaphor A person who knew－as I did not know, did not come near knowing－exactly what rock bottom was like.MetaphorSolar radiation-largely visible and ultraviolet light-is a vast stream of energy that bath es the Earth's surface, fluctuating from day to night and season to season. Metaphor noxious fumes of smog blanket every major city;Metaphorthe natural ecosphere, the thin global skin of air, water, and soil and the plants and ani mals that live in it,MetaphorA free lunch is really a debt. In the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but unme t Cost-the mortgage on a factory building, for example.MetaphorIt is not so much a battle cry for one side or the other, as a design for negotiating an en d to this suicidal war-for making peace with the planet.Metaphor An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.Synecdoche It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon.Metaphor Belief can be the servant of truth–but even more of convenience.Metaphor It causes us to avoid thinking about death. It causes a great many people to avoid thought of the arms race and the consequent rush toward a highly probable extinction.Metaphor Cut the knot, for there is no way to untie it.Metontmy In the record of this conflict, ideology has attracted some of the strongest intelligences mankind has produced—those whom Sir Isaiah Berlin, termed the “hedgehogs”, who knows one big thing,Metonymy After all, the American mind was conditioned by one of the noblest and most formidable structures of analysis ever devised,Parallel There have been hedgehogs throughout American history who have attempted to endow America with an all-inclusive creed, to translate Americanism into a set of binding propositions, and to construe the national tradition in terms of one or another ultimate law.Parallel The ideologist contends that the mysteries of history can be understood in terms of a clear-cut, absolute, social creed which explains the past and forecasts the future. Ideology thus presupposes a closed universe whose history is determined, whose principles are fixed, whose values and objectives are deducible from a central body of social dogma and often whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood.Allteration These empirical instincts, the preference for fact over logic, for deed over dogma,Ironic against the notion that all answers to political and social problems can be found in the back of some sacred book圣书, against the deterministic interpretation of history, against the closed universe,Personification/metonymy the world is coming to understand that the mixed economy offered the instrumentalities through which one can unite social control with individual freedom.Metaphor But ideology is a drug; no matter how much it is exposed by experience, the craving for it still persists.。