多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题(外文翻译)

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题摘要：本文就多层住所修建给排水描绘中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设办法，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等疑问进行讨论，并提出一些详细观点。

关键字：多层住所给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器多层住所以其配套设备简略，造价低，物业办理便利等特色，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广阔居民的欢送。

怎么按2000年小康住所科技产业工程寓居区计划描绘导则的需求，进步住所的描绘水平，为每个住户营建出一个舒服的日子空间，是每个描绘人员的职责所在。

作为住所的心脏――厨房、清洗间，是功用杂乱，清洗、安全和舒服度需求高，营建冗杂，技能需求高的空间。

因而，描绘人员有必要以全体描绘的观念和办法，归纳思考厨房、清洗间给排水管道和设备的装置等。

下面就多层住所给排水描绘中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等疑问与同行们一同讨论。

（一）给水管材选用疑问传统的给水管材通常选用镀锌钢管，因为镀锌钢管易锈蚀，运用寿命短，用于运送日子用水不能满意水质清洗标准等缺陷，建设部正大力推行塑料给水管的运用。

许多地市已明文规定：制止描绘运用镀锌钢管，推行运用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道比拟，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，运送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀功用强，装置便利，省钢节能，运用寿命长等长处。

给水用塑料管道首要有：硬聚氯乙烯（PVC －U）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）、改性聚丙烯（PP－R ，PP－C）、聚丁烯（PB）、铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）和钢塑复合管等。

下表是几种修建给水管材功用的比拟。

管材功用长处缺陷长期运用温度短期运用温度硬聚氯乙烯管（PVC－U）抗腐蚀能力强，质地坚固，施工简洁有UPVC单体和添加剂渗出，管接头粘合技能需求高，固化时间长≤400C――改性聚丙烯（EN-US）PP －R，PP－C）耐温功用好，抗蠕变功用好，施工简洁只有用金属管件衔接；水流部分水头丢失大，不能收回重复运用900C950C铝塑复合管（PEX－AL－PEX）耐温功用好，保温功用好（EN-US）在平等压力和介质温度的条件下，管壁最厚，选用热熔衔接，需用专门衔接东西≤600C≤900C铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE）易曲折成形，彻底消防氧浸透，线膨胀系数小，施工简洁管壁厚薄不均匀，管路衔接选用铜管件，水流部分水头丢失大≤400C――注：1）长期运用温度系指管道在此温度规模内运用寿命达30～50年2）短期运用温度系指管道在此温度规模运用寿命达10～20年管材的挑选是经济技能的比拟进程，技能上应从压力、温度、运用环境、装置办法等方面进行思考，一起联系业主的需求和住所的层次，进行经济技能归纳思考后断定。

Discussion on building water supply and drainage construction of commonproblems and Solutions浅谈建筑给排水施工中的常见问题及解决孙峰Abstract:Building water supply and drainage construction quality directly affects the building use function. In this paper, combined with the supervision of water supply and drainage engineering practice, for building water supply and drainage of common problems in construction were summarized and analyzed.Key words: building water supply and drainage construction qualityOur country national economy actual strength increases ceaselessly, construction industry develops rapidly, and constantly improve the level of overall construction of buildings. Construction equipment perfection degree and design level is the embodiment of building construction quality and an important symbol of modernization level, inside of the building water supply and drainage engineering is an important part of construction equipment, its technical level and advanced directly affects the using function of building, and people life, health, the environment, security. With the improvement of people's living standard, people in addition to the building safety, durability and economy have certain requirements, at the same time on the construction of the comfort, use requirements are also more attention, especially for the residential building energy saving and new energy utilization, Chuwei technology, pipeline technology, environment and security technology etc have higher requirements, these requirements in addition to the design and materials, equipment selection, construction greatly need assurance of installation quality. The quality of construction quality, directly affects the normal operation of the building water supply and drainage system. China's economic construction and development, various types of residential lots, building water supply and drainage technology of rapid development. However, with the increase of water supply and drainage engineering, also appeared some problems needed to be paid attention to, if not handled properly, will give householder brings a lot of unnecessary trouble. Therefore, the study on how to avoid water supply and drainage construction problems easy to occur is verynecessary. In the actual construction of water supply and drainage engineering construction, except in the raw materials and so on the objective factor to control the quality of water supply and sewerage works, improve employees' professional level, in strict accordance with the rules and regulations, standard operation, can be less problems, control of water supply and drainage project construction quality. Due to the level of management of construction enterprises, construction of personnel quality, building water supply and drainage construction quality is put in very big difference. Here in the construction process should pay attention to the problem is discussed:1 Living water supply systemAt present construction is widely used in aluminum-plastic composite pipe and polypropylene random copolymerization polypropylene ( PP - R ) tube. Plastic pipe has the advantages of light weight, no rust, scale, manufacturing, low energy consumption, smooth inner wall, hydraulic condition is superior, quality health, no pipeline two pollution, low labor intensity, saving installation of comprehensive construction cost advantages. PP - R water pipe connecting method is the use of fusion welding, aluminum-plastic composite pipe made of copper connection. The former applies for surface mounting, the latter applies to the dark. But there are some problems in the construction of which need special attention.(1) In the vertical tube lead-out branch tube three through parts arranged at the supporting point, the intermediate support is still in accordance with the provisions set. In the installation of pipelines should be considered in the pipeline of linear expansion, PP - R plastic water supply pipe expansion coefficient than the metal tube, wall concealed piping due to wall finally with cement mortar cement mortar filling pipeline, friction and plastic pipe special good creep effect, so that the shaft extension into radial change, therefore, block wall pipeline, can be considered linear expansion. For the pipeline, when the distance is longer, should consider adopting a telescopic device and the angle of natural compensation(2) Outdoor installed plastic water supply pipe must have reliable shading or heat preservation measures, through the pipeline settlement joints for compensating treatment. Because plastic pipe anti aging performance have certain limit, when exposed to install, long-term sun exposure can accelerate aging of plastic material, it should be considered to take effective shading or insulation measures. In addition the pipeline settlement joints shall be taken compensation measures, or easy to make pipeline rupture, appeared the phenomenonof water leakage(3)In the kitchen, Wei bovine apparatus for concentrating bathrooms, should adopt the water separator. Using plastic tube as a cold, hot water pipe concealed in floor slab of concrete in plastic pipe, due to the linear expansion coefficient of metal pipe to relatively large, because the water temperature or the ambient temperature changes, the expansion and contraction of the length change of large value. For branch pipe or pipe joint pipe, the higher chance of leakage. Water separator is a kind of multiple branch joint water distribution, it uses multiple unidirectional cloth tube, each a water distribution pipe through the water and sanitary ware and the tap connection, to reduce or cancel the concealed pipes used in branch pipe or pipe joint.(4) pipeline crossing roof slab should be set casing, through the roof should be used when the metal casing, height must meet the standard requirements. The casing and the cracks without perfusion of fine stone concrete, shall not use the asphalt in Yau Ma Tei wire packing seal. Otherwise, if the floor area of water sewage easily along the pipe wall infiltration into the submucosa.(5) the role of automatic exhaust valve. In no time delay self-closing valve of the squat toilet building water supply system, such as schools, hotels, office buildings and other force in water supply pipe system, if the top with self-closing valve can well control the flow of water, but not very good control of airflow. When the system is cut off, water pipes often accumulate a large amount of air. System after water supply pipe, air may be compressed to the tube at the top of water to form a compressed air zone. When someone is pressed delay self-closing valve button, then the compressed air with water gushing out of the closet, often within the dirt blowing to above ground, even spilled onto the clothes closet.2 Drainage system(1)The UPVC pipe wall is white, very susceptible to pollution, so the use of the process should pay attention to protection, in the pipeline in place should be promptly after the plastic packaging bag, to be removed after the completion of the project.(2) Drainage pipe out door horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection should be used when the two45. Elbow instead of90. Elbow, which is beneficial to the drainage. There are also some engineering design for the three plus examination export method. In some projects, product quality, leading to the three links are often damaged, inconvenient repair. So in thevertical pipe and main pipe is connected with the fixed support, parts. Vertical pipe through floor roof should be fixed as supporting points, and with sheath.(3) In the legislative branch, floor, to do the protection work. For UPVC tube light weight, should be timely plugging holes in floors, planted bracket. There are a number of projects, because there was no time to fill the hole plugging holes, civil engineering, causing destruction and pipeline slope and verticality of affected. The correct approach is to stand pipe after completion of construction, straightening and planted bracket, with a good fine stone concrete plugging hole. Branch floor, planted set hanger and plugging holes. Because the floor, floor drain and the straight tube exposed to the ground, easily damaged, precautions should be taken. The specific approach is: in the floor drain and the straight tube around the100arm UPVC tube saw small short circle in the floor drain and straight around, with a fine stone concrete protection, height of not more than civil screed. For ease of maintenance, pipe water trap should be above the floor slab, for apparatus with water storing bend. Because the UPVC pipeline is light weight, thin tube wall, should pay attention to using a muffler noise reduction function fitting.(4)Installed to meet the requirements. The interior floor is mounted high above the surface, will cause the water leakage is too low, on the ground to form a pit, affect the surface clean and inconvenience in walking.(5)Air nozzle shall be located in a building ( such as eaves cornice took part, balcony and canopy ) above, otherwise cause odor accumulation. In accordance with the relevant standard requirements, the people often activity of roof, roof vent pipe extends the height of not less than 2m, and try to set bracket.(6)High-rise building in the UPVC ~ B pipe, without taking the measures to prevent fire from spreading. According to the" hard vinyl chloride building drainage pipeline engineering" ( cJJ / T29 - 98) Regulations: high-rise buildings indoor drainage pipelines that apply settings and big diameter or equal to 11Omm, in vertical pipe through the floor should be set to fire the casing or fire blocking ring, to prevent the fire spreading to the upper layer through a pipeline.(7)The floor drain and trap with. No provisions for floor drain must set up a trap, but it can affect users. The general water supply and drainage standard atlas will take seal circular bell type floor drain to a, B, C, Ding Si, although the standard of water seal section height to makespecific provision, but there is a water storage, water due to water evaporation and destroyed. Manufacture and installation and often fails to meet the design requirements. All indoor undertake a fecal sewage drainage floor drain, shall be set the trap, this can effectively prevent odor phenomenon.(8) Sewage emergency discharge tube. For kitchen and toilet adjacent residential, kitchen, toilet is if separate drainage system, is straight at the bottom of two system for emergency discharge unicom. The correct approach is to lead a floor drain from the kitchen and toilet pipe or by a toilet to kitchen pipe system. Its purpose is to once - side discharge pipe suddenly jam, still discharge sewage overflows when the ground floor drain into another system from the outside, but not to the other indoor room large area sewage soaks inundates.3 Fire water supply system(1) The design of automatic sprinkler system for pipeline connection made the trench should be used to clamp connections, or wire joint, flange connection. The current widespread use of the automatic sprinkler system, generally with galvanized steel pipe galvanized pipe, and larger in diameter than the5Omm, pipe parts of poor quality, construction difficulty. Diameter of1OOmm welding work, will destroy the galvanized layer, causing the two galvanized, the effect is not ideal. As the hoop connection parts, to avoid the above problem, and the construction is simple, without welding, and the grooves can be precast. Now the groove type clamps connecting piece is stereotypes products, mature technology, spare parts complete, quality assurance. When the proposed pipeline diameter is larger than 50mm, the groove type clamps connecting piece.(2) As the applicator interface diameter is 15mm, so some construction spaces using15ram galvanized steel pipe small vertical tube connected with the nozzle, effects of fire extinguishing water ability, should adopt the25mm diameter pipe with different diameter pipe hoop. Some engineering support, support installation is not standardized, not according to the specified distance setting, defenseless and Akira bracket, directly affect water effect, should be strictly in accordance with the relevant standard, set Branch hanger.(3) Network to carry out maintenance and leakage test of strength test is performed in two steps. Some construction unit only to the network leakage test or test the pressure does not meet the requirements of design and codes, this will give the normal operation of the system brings hidden trouble.(4) Banned the use of plastic water supply pipe for fire water supply pipe, or in a building plastic water supply pipeline and fire water supply pipeline. Because plastic pipe heating after reduced intensity, fire will cause the pipeline damage, will not play the role of fire water supply. Plastic water supply pipe and fire pipes, fire, damage to the plastic pipe, easy leakage, there is no guarantee that a fire water and hydraulic pressure.(5) Must be in conformity with the requirements of fire hydrant installation. Some concealed in brick wall of fire hydrant boxes above the hole without lintel, by loading body is deformed, causing the box door is open. In addition the construction of some units to randomly change the fire hydrant at the end position of a preformed hole, and welding and cutting hole, leading to the installation, hydrant mouth can not be with the wall into 45or 90degree angle; or with the surrounding distance is too small, causing the fire hose cannot be installed to a fire hydrant or the tape to form bending effect of water.4 Water supply and drainage noise solutionIn addition to the requirements of water supply and drainage pipe and equipment layout should be consistent and building structure, water supply and drainage noise reduction. During construction, attention to details, can effectively reduce the noise generation.(1) In order to reduce the water hammer occurrence possibility, the outlet valve Shuizui and not using the rapid opening and closing of the water supply fittings.(2) In order to reduce the flow induced vibration noise, according to the condition of the water supply pipe and selection of density of sanitary ware, and according to the standard setting of pipe support and hanger. Different pipes with different support spacing requirements; design pipeline fixing bracket, also should consider from pipeline temperature changes caused by the expansion and contraction force.(3) To reduce the cavitation noise of ascending and descending pipe, for heating system of water distribution pipe top and to elevation of the pipe section should be equipped with automatic exhaust valve; downfeed system can use the highest water distribution point when a branch is deflated splitting meter, in the water vertical tube top with automatic exhaust valve.(4) Drainage system reduces the vertical pipe and horizontal branch connection angle, or a branch connecting the upper part special parts, reduce the horizontal branch pipe to water flow, to avoid the water jump phenomenon, thereby reducing the drainage noise.(5) Drainage pipe and drainage standpipe connection should be45 degrees,60 degreeselbow, three links, or set up a special accessories. Connections of the elbow should be composed of 2to 45 degrees elbow, and shall be on the elbows set supporting pier or bracket. In this way, can slow down the drain pipe and the drain pipe of the water flow in the water flow and vertical draining pipe wall impact noise.(6) To increase the horizontal trunk pipe and vertical pipe and horizontal trunk pipe connecting bend radius of curvature, or installed with reduced height of hydraulic jump, stable drainage pipe pressure function lower special accessories, to improve the horizontal trunk pipe drainage condition.5 Conclusion:Living, live as the mankind indispensable material conditions, is restricted by social productivity, at the same time, is also the social productivity development level indicates one of. From the initial human ancestor looking for natural caves and trees do sacrifice body are today a multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings and supporting a full range of public facilities of residential area, residential construction technology, marked the social productive forces to a new level. Today, our life has stridden to well-off, residential construction quality, indoor and outdoor environment improvement, so that our country's housing situation in recent years have varying degrees of change. In residential construction, although our country starts later, but the government has pledged, formulate corresponding policies, government departments to organize and mobilize all aspects involved in residential development plan, planning, design, construction and management. No doubt, this is a huge task, need government, the construction industry and the vast majority of the practitioners, down-to-earth to make unremitting efforts. Upgrade and improvement of our people 's living environment and living conditions. With the water supply and drainage pipe of continuous improvement, we should constantly sum up the design and installation of the experience lesson in the process, improve the general level of the installation. Professional supervision engineer shall be in this play a greater role in the. In the new century, building water supply and drainage will shoulder the historical responsibility, facing new challenges. Building water supply and drainage will be more prominent in the people-oriented principle, and will focus on the adjustment to the civil and industrial construction to pay equal attention to both, public buildings and residential buildings, water supply and water supply and water, water pressure, and water quality to pay equal attention to, direction, into a comprehensive, balanced,practical, safe development road.References[1] Li Wenqing, Shao Zhuang. Building fire water supply and some problems in construction. Heilongjiang water conservancy science and technology,2006(4).[2] Chen Zhentie. Building water supply and drainage specialty on the coordination [J ]. Water supply and drainage, l996(11).[3] king growth. Building water supply and sewerage engineering ( Fifth Edition ) [ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,2005[4] GBJ242 82heating and sanitary engineering code for construction and acceptance of.[5] CJJ / T29 - 98building drainage pipeline project technical specification of hard vinyl chloride.[6] GB5026l96automatic sprinkler systems code for construction and acceptance of.浅谈建筑给排水施工中的常见问题及解决孙峰摘要：建筑给排水施工质量的好坏直接影响建筑物的使用。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题1、给排水管道敷设问题设计人员应改变上一层的卫生间管道在下一层楼板安装的旧做法；倡导本层的管道在本层越江输油管的原则（规范）：1）卫生间统合做成下沉式卫生间，按过去的老做法把下水管道统一布置在地坑内；2）卫生间地板两面不下沉，而使用后出水式坐便器，地漏采用侧墙式，洗脸盆、浴缸等喉管排水管道在地面以上敷设并与立管相接，厨房取消地漏或用侧墙式地漏，把洗菜池的排水管放在地面接入立管，这样做做可以使下水管道每层水平发展水平分隔开，如有漏水下陷则不影响下层住户，检修时也可以独户进行。

另外，建物设计时尽量把排水管立管设于建筑物内墙阴角，有条件的最好在卫生间内设置管道井。

这样做可以使室内卫生间、厨房水平与没有竖向均没有明管，空间宽敞、洁净，把污染源———污水隔绝在外，避免由于管道频繁穿越楼板引起上下层漏水的现象。

1.1给排水立管的敷设1）立管安装在厨房、卫生间的墙角处。

在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种敷设方式，施工方便，但明露管道有碍居室美观，住户在二次装修铝制时大多会用轻质材料将其隐藏起来。

管道明装在室内时，应不影响厨房、卫生间各卫生设备功能的添加。

2）立管敷设在管道井内会。

这种型式居室洁净美观，但管道井挤占了卫生间的面积，且管道施工、维修较困难。

卫生间设立集中管道井，把给水管、排水管等管道都高度集中在管道井里布置，这是现代住宅厨房居住文明的重要体现。

1.2给水支管敷设1）一般住宅给水支管管路de≤40mm或dn≤32mm，小管径的塑料给水管呈弯曲状态，且热稳定性差，故住宅给水支管提倡改采埋墙暗设。

2）支管设在砖墙里。

施工时在外立面面开管槽，管槽宽度为管子外径de+20mm，深度为管子外径de；改采金属管件连接时，需加大管槽尺寸；管线直接嵌入管槽，并用管卡固定在管槽内。

3）小管径给水支管de≤20mm，可暗设在楼（地）面找平层里。

施工时在楼（地）板面上开管槽，槽宽为de+10mm，深为0.5de，管道细歧须嵌入管槽里，并用管卡顶板将管子固定在管槽内。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题摘要：本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。

Abstract: this paper discussed some questions about selection of service pip laying methods,pipeline,water meter out of account settings,setting domestichot-water heater,and air-conditioning condensate emissions of ultilayer-WPM, and gave some specific advices.关键词：多层住宅给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器Keyword: multilayer buildings, PPR, piping, water meter, solar water heater正文：多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

如何按2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。

作为住宅的心脏――厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。

因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道和设备的安装等。

下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。

（一）给水管材选用问题随着人们的生活质量不断提高,对自来水的水质要求也日趋提高。

据大量水质监测数据表明,导致管网水质恶化的主要原因是建筑物内供水管道采用传统的镀锌钢管的锈蚀所致。

住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题与解决对策研究住宅建筑给排水设计是建筑工程中非常重要的一部分，它直接关系到居民日常生活的舒适度和安全性。

随着城市化和建筑规模的不断扩大，住宅建筑给排水设计所面临的问题也日益复杂和多样化。

本文将从常见的问题出发，探讨住宅建筑给排水设计的常见问题与解决对策，并提出一些建议，以期为相关从业人员和业主提供一些参考。

一、常见问题1. 设计不合理在住宅建筑给排水系统的设计中，常见的问题是设计不合理。

包括管道布置不当、坡度设计不合理、排水设备选择不当等。

这些问题往往会导致排水不畅、积水、漏水等情况的发生。

2. 管道堵塞管道堵塞是住宅建筑给排水系统中较为常见的问题。

主要原因包括管道设计不合理、使用寿命过长、杂物堵塞等。

3. 气味问题在住宅建筑中，由于管道设计不合理或者使用寿命过长，往往会出现气味问题。

这不仅会影响居民的生活品质，还可能对居民的健康造成影响。

4. 排水设备故障住宅建筑给排水系统中的排水设备，如下水道、马桶、浴缸等设备，经常会出现故障，影响正常使用。

5. 雨水排放不畅在住宅建筑中，雨水的排放问题也是比较常见的。

特别是在居民小区等大规模住宅区域，排水系统不畅通会导致雨水积聚，影响居民的生活和出行。

二、解决对策2. 定期清理管道为了避免管道堵塞问题，建议定期清理管道。

特别是在老旧住宅区，居民需要定期清理管道，清除堵塞物，保证排水通畅。

3. 安装排气装置为了解决气味问题，可以在设计中考虑好排气装置的设置。

而在实际使用时，也要保持排水系统的通风，及时清理管道，避免积水和杂物产生异味。

4. 定期维护排水设备为了避免排水设备故障，业主可以定期维护排水设备。

如定期检查下水道是否堵塞、水龙头是否漏水等，及时发现并解决问题。

5. 加强雨水排放设施建设为了避免雨水排放不畅的问题，建议在住宅区域进行雨水排放设施的加强建设。

包括改善排水系统，加大排水管道的规格，增加雨水排放口等。

三、建议1. 提高从业人员的专业水平为了提高住宅建筑给排水系统的设计水平和施工质量，建议加强从业人员的专业技能培训，提高其设计和施工水平。

浅谈多层建筑室内给排水设计摘要：给排水设计师应以整体设计的观念和方法来综合考虑室内给排水设计，使室内给排水设计达到科学、经济、美观等效果。

本文探讨了多层建筑室内给排水设计。

关键词：多层建筑；室内给排水设计；消防给水Abstract: water supply and drainage designer should with overall design ideas and methods to comprehensive consideration of the indoor water supply and drainage design, make indoor water supply and drainage design to scientific, economic, beautiful wait for effect. This paper discusses the multi-storey building indoor water supply and drainage design.Keywords: multi-storey building; Indoor water supply and drainage design; The fire water system多层住宅大部分使用UPVC塑料排水管，室内UPVC排水管的类型有普通UPVC实壁管、UPVC芯层发泡管（PSP管）、UPVC螺旋消音管三种。

普通UPVC实壁管噪音较大，而同等壁厚的UPVC芯层发泡排水管比UPVC实壁管重量轻约20%～30%左右，同时它又具有隔热隔音的效果，特别适合于建筑排水，可显著地降低流水噪音，大有取代UPVC实壁排水管的趋势。

UPVC螺旋消音管不仅可以降低噪音，而且与其它同管径排水管相比排水能力大大提高。

二、排水塑料管道的降噪方法目前排水管道普遍使用塑料管道，但是普通U P V C 管道的排水噪音要比铸铁管高，若排水立管靠近卧室，加上现浇楼板的隔音效果较差，住户能明显感觉到排水管道的噪音，降低了生活质量。

外文资料翻译On setting the metersetting the meter. Long-term since, our country residence water meter are arranged on the indoor kitchen or toilet water concentration, the water more and scattered residences, sometimes even a indoor set more than one meter. In recent years, water meter is arranged on the indoor and caused many problems cause the attention of people increasingly: Home meter reading disturbs people 's normal life and may lead to residential burglary, privacy and safety not guaranteed: management of meter reading meter reading is not easy and large labor intensity: individual user steals water management departments to prevent and punish and so on. Because of these problems, water production has become an inevitable choice. Therefore, the newly revised national standard ( code for design of building water supply"GBJ15--88article 2.5.8: residential building should be installed in household water meter, household water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. Meter households generally have the following ways: Household water meter concentrated in the roof ( water supply ) or the underlying space ( water supply ). This mode is often used for multi-stormy residential. In general a unit provided with a ladder of water meter water meter well ( box ), household water pipe along the interior tube or building wall into the indoor. The utility model has the advantages of convenient reading; reading, low labor intensity of workers, can avoid users water behavior. Disadvantages are: material consumption, head loss of pipeline, occupying larger space pipeline well, such as a wall is easy to affect the appearance of the building, the user branches not easy maintenance.Meter is arranged on the stair landing platform. Vertical water supply pipe is arranged on the platform, each provided with a water tank; the water meter box embedded platform resting on both sides of the wall. The utility model has the advantages of: user branches short, saving material, low head loss of pipeline, the shortcoming is: water dispersed settings, meter reading personnel of great labor intensity; usually indoor fire hydrant box is installed on a platform, so that the already crowded rest platform more cramped, traffic inconvenience to the residents.Each layer isMeter centralized meter room, household water meter on the wall. The utility model has the advantages of the same with B, the disadvantages are: household pipeline must follow the public walkway under floor into interior and corridors, ceiling requirements.Will be the traditional ordinary mechanical water meter changes for telemetering water meter or IC card intelligent water meter. Remote water meter accurate calculation without reading, this form must be a deposit a certain amount of water, will recharge after insertion of the IC card water meter reading can be water. Because the remote water meter and IC card table relatively expensive and technically still exist certain problems, hence in practice has not been widely applied.Above a few kinds of water-meter, each has its advantages and disadvantages, concrete in practical engineering design in which way, by the design staff according to residential properties, grades and local industry management department requirement.1.2water supply pipe arrangement and laying. At present, to build the house in one hutch two defend very general already, even with some houses one hutch three defend one hutch four defend, kitchen, toilet, the balcony, and each water using point locations are more dispersed. User branches to water points along the interior floor pipeline such as hanging, inevitable requirement set indoor ceiling, wall should also have the anti-condensation measures to bring inconvenience, household decoration, after all, not all tenants wanted to ceiling. ( the building water supply and drainage design specification ) GB15 2000(manuscript ) as specified in article 3.6.18, water supply pipe should be laid in the floor ( ground ) surface of the leveling layer or along the wall laying pipe groove, laying the leveling layer or the tube groove water supplying pipe outside diameter is less than 25mm. In fact, if connected to two or more than two water points, water supply branch pipe are connected together in series, the pipe diameter is more than 25mm. Therefore, in order to meet the specification requirements, water supply branch door after access water separator, a water segregator dark kitchen or bathroom wall, through the diversion device connected to each water using point branch pipe diameter can be controlled under 25mm. But it should be noted: a leveling layer water supply pipe after completion of construction, should be in the position to do the obvious markers, lest the household decoration, destruction of water supply pipeline.水表设置关于水表设置。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计问题探析1.多层住宅建筑给排水设计的常见问题1.1管道的噪音问题给排水的技术正在不断的发展，现在用的塑料管道取代了以前传统的铸铁式的排水管道，噪音方面，比较普通的UPVC的管道的材质比传统的铸铁要高十分贝左右，目前的排水立管和卧室的距离不能进行有效的分离，所以人们在居住的过程中很容易被排水管道的噪音打扰，下降了生活质量，在大户型之中，双卫设置已经成为潮流，卧室的排水管也逐渐成为了噪音隐患，所以在平面的布置过程中，对于卫生器具的布置必须要进行充分的考量，在管材的选择上，各个分户的水管选择要避免用水末端的噪音，其次，近几年也出现了静音效果比较好的排水管材料，效果比铸铁管的隔音更好。

1.2管线的渗漏以及堵塞问题对于管道的堵塞或者渗漏问题，是在给排水工程中出现的比较频繁的问题，对于管道的渗漏的原因主要有①管道的材质的问题，目前比较常用的镀锌钢管会常常出现弯头或者砂眼的现象，所以在设计的过程中必须要选择更加优质的材料来进行改进。

②关注环境的因素，管材的质量经常会因热胀冷缩而出现裂痕，所以在设计的过程中必须充分的考虑到环境条件。

关于管道的堵塞问题是主要是因为排放粪便的污水管的管径不够，设计员根据经验来设置管径而缺乏计算，故经常就会造成管道的排水不畅，出现堵塞现象。

1.3水表的设置问题目前，很多水表都是集中进行设置，统一的安放在每一层的公共位置之中，且每一个分户的水表要靠墙面来敷设，这样做虽然能够节省支管的材料的消耗，管道的水龙头也很小，但是经常会出现水表不准，管理不合理的问题，所以在设计之中必须要给予高度的重视，首先要在每一楼层设置独立的水表房，再次，将水表房和暖气的分户计量的管道相结合，然后设置好数据采集器。

1.4多层建筑的给水管的选材不当问题在给水管材的选择上在考虑经济性的同时还要注意各种管材的耐热性、安全卫生以及连接方式等问题，管材一般可以分为塑料管类、金属管类和复合管类。

一般塑料管比较适合于敷设，金属管的强度大，需要考虑管道的伸缩变形，管道的支架的数量很多，支架之间的间距比较小，和热源要有足够的距离。

The multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water severalquestions designedSummary : This text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular product , Way of laying of pipeline, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , And put forward some concrete views.Keyword: Skyscraper, supply water the tubular product , the pipeline is laid, The water gauge, the solar water heaterThe skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, Receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. How project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological industry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, Improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, It is each designers duty. As the heart of the house --The kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, It is miscellaneous to build, the space expecting much in technology. So, the designer must consider synthetically with the idea and method of global design that the kitchen, bathroom give installation of the drainage pipeline and equipment,etc. . Give and drain off water on skyscraper design supply water exertion, to lay pipeline of tubular product, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and empty of pot-type boiler now Transfer condensation water discharge issue discuss together with colleagues.( 1)supply water tubular product select problem for use Traditional watersupply tubular product adopt zinc-plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated steel tube exchange the corrosion, Use short-lived , use for and send domestic water can satisfied with water quality sanitary standard shortcoming, Ministry of Construction is popularizing the application of the feed pipe of plastics energetically . A lot of districts and cities have already expressed regulations: Forbid designing and using the zinc-plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of plastics. The plastics supply water In charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it is fine to able to bear the intensity of keeping, Send obstruction little liquid , able to bear chemistry better to corrode performance, it is convenient to install, The steel energy-conservation of the province, merit of having long performance life etc.. Supply water and use plastics pipeline: Hard polyvinylchloride( PVC-U), high density polyethylene( HDPE), pay and unite polyethylene( PEX) , modify the polypropylene( PP-R, PP-C), gather butene( PB), aluminium mould and compound and in charge of and the steel is moulded and compound and is managed etc.. Choice of tubular product economic comparative course of technology, technology should from pressure, temperature, environment for use, install method,etc. go on and consider, Combine owners at the same time request and the house of grade,carry on and fix after being consider synthetically technology not economic. The above plastics supply water tubular product can supply water tubular product as house life. The economic and functional house conciliating Strand room in the face of the masses of with low- and medium-level incomes resident, can select for use hygiene grades of hard polyvinyl chloride in charge of as feed pipe mainly, In order to reduce the fabrication cost; Medium-to-high grade commodity apartment available aluminium Mould and compound and in charge of or other plastics supply water the tubular product as the feed pipe. House mix hot water temperature that water order exceed 600 C, so above-mentioned tubular product in charge of except hard polyvinyl chloride and aluminium plastics compound and in charge of( PE-AL-PE), Mostly the tubular product can be regarded as the hot water pipeline of the house.( 2) pipeline lay problem 1. give and drain off water it set up there arent one that in charge of（1)Will install it in the corner place of the kitchen, bathroom tomorrow. Adopting this kind of way of laying more in the design of house in the past, it is convenient for it to construct, But will reveal the pipeline and hinder the room beautifully tomorrow Watch, the households will mostly be hidden with the light quality material in the equipment two times.（2)Will install it in the overcast angle place of the outer wall of the building tomorrow. Way this suitable for southern weather warm district only, the minimum temperature in winter cant be lower than zero degrees Centigrade, In case water pipe water-logging freeze ice is bloated to split pipeline, influence household use. Pipeline lay in outer wall, influence building to be beautiful, too inconvenient on manage and maintain in the future.（3)Lay it in the pipeline well. This way makes the room clean and beautiful , but the pipeline well has taken up the area of the bathroom, And pipeline construct, maintain relatively more difficult. Bathroom set up concentrate pipeline well, concentrate pipeline on assign in the well feed pipe, drain pipe, This is that the civilized importance lives in the kitchen of comfortable house, bathroom Embodiment. I think : Should consider the establishment of the pipeline well of the bathroom in the medium-to-high grade building conceptual design of commodity apartment, Improve quality of using of bathroom promptly so , can solve hard polyvinyl chloride drain pipe rivers noise heavy problem, Improve the environmental quality level of the room; Whether for bathroom in the areas for little economic and functional house and Overcome difficulties room, warm area give and drain off water and set up and in charge of and can consider and lay in the outer wall in the South, In order to increase using the space of the bathroom; Pipeline install and in the room, should influence kitchen, bathroom every sanitary equipment use of function tomorrowsupply water and prop up there arent tube House supply water prop up and in charge of pipe diameter one ≤ 32mm, de of battle,, little plastics feed pipe of pipe diameter is the crooked state, So the house supplies water and is propped up and in charge of being recommended and adopted and set up secretly. Supply water to prop up to manage darkly There are thes way had:（1)Set up in the brick wall secretly. Wall turn on and in charge of trough in brick when constructing, in charge of trough width tube +20 mm, de of external diameter,, degree of depth tube external diameter de, The pipeline is imbedded and managed directly Trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of son.（2)Whether pipe diameter supply water and prop up and last de ≤ 20mm,can set up at floor secretly piece make level by layer. Turn on and in charge of trough in floor( ground) the board when constructing, it wides trough have to be de +10 mm deeply 1/2 of the de, Half pipeline imbed and in charge of trough, and with in charge of card fix in trough of inning charge of tube. Aluminium mould compound and in charge of and pay and unite polypropylene in charge of pipeline adopt metal pipe fittings connection, Must strengthen and in charge of trough size when adopting and set up secretly, and rivers some flood peak loss relatively heavy. Assign the relative house that concentrated to the kitchen, bathroom interior hygiene utensil, Can adopt and divide Water device go on and join , divide water device whether one more than branch in charge of and connect, every hygiene utensil supply water and prop up and in charge of and connects and publishes from the water dividing device separately. Can already prevent the tube burying the pipeline secretly from being connected like this Permeate the question. Can reduce some flood peak lost, decrease the fabrication cost of pipe networks（3)Drain off water and prop up the tube to lay House room drain off water and in charge of and should set up at the time of inning this each, drain off water and in charge of permeating sideways like this canning prevent the sewage from waiting for the pollutant to enter the neighbor family sideways, Will not influence the neighbor either when the pipeline is maintained Normal life of one. Kitchen wash water drainage of basin propped up and in charge of generallying inserts draining off water to stand to managethis layer of floor sideways; Floor drain drain off water propped up and in charge of laying the room of lower floor. A lot of colleagues think now: Whether kitchen the ground it lay ceramic tile of,whose name is clean in when need develop with water,not strong in meaning to set up floor drain, So kitchen set up ground floor drain, avoid and drain off water and prop up and in charge of and enter neighbor family sideways already so, Can increase using the space of the kitchen . Bathroom drain off water and prop up and in charge of and lay concrete measure have in this layer sideways inside:（1)Improve the bathroom ground . Ground tendency high 150mm, adopt back row type take stool pot, washing basin, bath tub, water drainage of floor drain in charge of and bury in cushion layer secretly sideways.（2)Adopt the sinking type bathroom. Bathroom sink 350mm the floor, hygiene utensil drain off water and in charge of and bury on sinking space secretly sidewaysTwo method these can realize water drainage of bathroom prop up and in charge of earths surface to bury underground this one without entering the neighbor family sideways. Bury pipeline when installing, construction quality must check on strictly, can construct bathroom ground after confirming qualified secretly, So as not to leave the hidden danger in giving in the future using. Bathroom ground construct and can pack coal ash light quality material , also can adopt and lay bricks impracticable to lay plate making construct ground, Ground must make waterproof to deal with, method can waterproof to deal with according to roofing, make two oil one rubber and plastic ointment waterproof cloth.（3) water gauge the open air set up problem The water gauge is had indoors, not only the work load of checking meter is very heavy , but also make the security and privacy of the house reduce greatly . So house divide into households of water gauge or divide households of figure of water gauge Show that should be set up in the open air. Skyscraper water gauge the open air set up following several kinds of forms: Whether 1.adopt far it pass by water gauge Change the ordinary water gauge into and pass the water gauge far, is joined the water gauge and data gathering machine by a signal line, And then reach intelligence to manage( the computer). Its merit lies in saving a large amount of people Strength comes to check meter, the data are accurate, the shortcoming is that the fabrication cost is high. Whether 2.adopt magnetic stripe card of by water gauge Users buy the electronic card of the running water Company in advance , then insert it in the storing device of the water gauge, Card amount of money deduct automatically on the water, this way user need to prepay the water rate, The price of the water gauge is relatively high.adopt it set up at the open air water gauge not ordinary（1)The water gauge is set up in the stair have a rest in the alcove of the platform. Household watersupply to prop up and manage and enter the kitchen, bathroom after the water gauge is measured. Way this realize water gauge produce room set up, equivalence low project have , supply water and set up and in charge of and set up with water gauge office results in aesthetic problems in stair. It suitable for the South warm district kitchen, bathroom assign close to the houses of positions of staircase.（2)The water gauge concentrates on being set up among the water gauges( meter box). Person who give when supplying water, set up water gauge in ground floor( meter box) on falling, every household watersupply to prop up and is in charge of applying having in the pipeline well, Southern area can overcast horn place lay along the outer wall in building too; Person who give when supplying water, can set up water gauge in roof( meter box) under upgoing. This way increases and supplies water to prop up In charge of and lay length, pipeline lay and influence building to be beautiful along outer wall. Water gauge produce way choice that family assign, must combine house kitchen, bathroom plane assign characteristic and concrete request of developer, Carry on to several feasibility scheme the above economic technology fix after comparing. Property well-managed medium-to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt and pass the water gauge far , It is that the water gauge will use the developing direction in thefuture; Estate management perfect medium- to-high grade commodity apartment of housing district, can adopt magnetic stripe card water gauge( Company have this kind district of business can design in running water) Or concentrate on setting up it among the water gauges( case); Southern area unit type house can set up rest platform office in stair with ordinary water gauge, In order to reduce the fabrication cost.（4) establishment question of the pot-type boiler Should reserve and install hot water supply terms of facility, set up hot water supply facilities with when the design of house. Have and concentrate house that hot water supply on , should consider house assign with installation position and cold hot water pipeline of hot water device. The pot-type boiler generally has three kinds, such as gas, electricity, solar energy,etc.. Whether last kitchen gas heater and electric heater or Bathroom inside, give when draining off water design shoulding reserve installation position and cold hot water interface of pipeline of water heater in advance in building, Install by oneself when convenient users fit up. Solar energy and hot water It is simple and convenient and safe for device to use, need fuel and electric power is low to run the expenses, Have long performance life, pollution-free, received by the masses of users favourably very much, Many houses have been small in recent years The district all install the solar water heater at the time of designing and construct. Solar water heater install and at the roof, need to set up the cold hot water pipeline among bathroom and water heater of the roofing like this generally, Consider installation of solar water heater when the design of house, household can only lay cold and hot pipeline along the building outer wall when installing in the future, Increase household degree of difficulty when installing like this , increase pipeline make the investment, influence building beautiful. Give when draining off water the design needing to solicit the developers suggestion first in building, Interconnected system one design, construct the solar water heater in unison; Reserve solar water heater and cold hot water installation position of pipeline in advance only. The cold hot water pipeline of the solar water heater can be laid In the pipeline well; Set up pipeline house of well , can set up one UPVC drain pipe of de110 as solar water heater hot water sleeve pipe of pipeline close to corner of person who take a shower in bathroom, Set up a de110 *75 three direct links in each hygiene interval ground, as connecting the entry of cold and hot water pipe ( 5) air conditioner condensation ink discharge the issue In recent years, air conditioner enter huge numbers of families gradually, condensation water amorphous to discharge the building outer wall of pollution air conditioner have, Have influenced a beautiful important problem of biotope already. Building give when draining off water design shoulding consider air conditioner condensation ink discharge in a organized way. Concrete method can machine set up the water drain pipe of the condensation by the position outside reserving air conditioner, Drain off water and set up and in charge of and select PVC-U drain pipe de40 for use , reserve three direct links of draining off water highly in each air conditioner, It is convenient for air conditioner to drain off water hose insert directly.译文：多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题
随着城市化进程的不断推进，多层住宅建筑的建设量不断增加。

然而，在设计和施工的过程中，给排水系统是一个非常重要的问题，设计不良会给住宅楼的居民带来严重的不便和安全隐患。

因此，多层住宅建筑的给排水设计需要注意以下几个问题。

首先，为了保证住宅楼的居民的生活用水安全和便利，给水系统需要满足水质要求和供水稳定性。

在设计时，需要考虑到住宅楼的层数和负荷量，选择合适的水泵、水箱和配管，保证供水稳定。

同时，给水系统的管路应避免与污水管路交叉，以防止交叉感染。

其次，排水系统的设计也是多层住宅建筑的一个重要问题。

在设计时，需要考虑到住宅楼内的污水和雨水的排放问题。

污水和雨水需要分开收集并排放到相应的处理设施中。

为了避免污水管道出现堵塞、漏水等问题，排水管道需要保证斜率和口径合适，并设置相应的检查口和清洗口，以便检查和维护。

第三，多层住宅建筑的绿化和庭院设计也需要考虑到给排水系统的问题。

绿化和庭院需要合理设计雨水的排放和收集，以充分利用降雨资源，并减少排放过程中可能带来的环境污染。

最后，考虑到多层住宅建筑的层数较高，安全问题也需要重点考虑。

例如，消防水系统需要按照相关法规和标准进行设计和安装，并在平时进行定期维护和检查，以保证在发生火灾等紧急情况时消防水系统能够正常运行。

综上所述，多层住宅建筑的给排水设计需要充分考虑居民的生活用水需求、排放水质规范和验收要求、消防应急安全，并融入绿化和庭院设计中。

只有这样，才能确保多层住宅建筑的供排水系统能够高效、安全、可靠地运行，为居民创造一个舒适、健康的居住环境。

多层住宅给排水设计摘要：本文介绍了多层住宅给排水设计的重要性，以及为了确保住宅内部排水系统的正常运行而采取的一系列设计措施。

文中重点讨论了主要的设计要素，包括给水系统、卫生设施排水系统以及雨水排放系统。

最后，提出了在设计多层住宅给排水系统时需要考虑的一些关键问题。

引言：在现代城市化进程中，多层住宅成为居民的主要居住方式。

为了满足住户的基本生活需求，给排水系统的设计变得尤为重要。

一个有效的给排水系统不仅能够保证住宅内部的卫生环境，还能够提供足够的用水量。

因此，设计一个可靠的多层住宅给排水系统对于城市的可持续发展至关重要。

1. 给水系统设计给水系统是多层住宅给排水系统的核心组成部分。

在设计给水系统时，需要考虑以下几个关键因素：1.1 给水管道网络的布局合理的给水管道网络布局可以确保水流畅通，减少水压损失和阻塞。

需要考虑到住宅楼层的高度、住户数量以及经济可行性。

1.2 给水设备的选择合适的给水设备可以提供稳定的水压和足够的水量，同时也需要考虑节能和环保因素。

1.3 给水管道的材料选择给水管道的材料选择应考虑到其耐腐蚀性、耐压性以及使用寿命等因素。

常用的材料包括铜管、钢管和PEX管等。

2. 卫生设施排水系统设计卫生设施排水系统的设计涉及到厕所、浴室和厨房等设施的排水。

在设计过程中，需要考虑以下几个关键因素：2.1 排水管道的设计排水管道的设计应满足排放大量污水的需求，同时要防止堵塞和气味的产生。

合适的管道直径和坡度是确保正常排水的关键。

2.2 排水设施的布局厕所、浴室和厨房等设施的布局应满足用户的实际需求，同时要方便维修和清洁。

2.3 排水设备的选择合适的排水设备可以有效地排除污水，同时也需要考虑节水和环保因素。

3. 雨水排放系统设计雨水排放系统的设计是为了合理处理和利用雨水，以减少城市排水系统的负荷。

在设计过程中，需要考虑以下几个关键因素：3.1 雨水收集和储存设施合适的雨水收集和储存设施可以有效地收集并储存雨水，以备干旱季节使用。

建筑给排水设计中的常见问题与解决措施1. 水压问题：部分区域供水压力不足或排水系统设计不合理，导致使用水压力不稳定或者排水不畅。

解决措施可以采用加装水泵、调整供水管道直径、改进排水管道等方法来提高水压和排水能力。

2. 排气问题：建筑内部排水系统存在排气不畅的问题，导致排污管道被负压吸附，影响正常排放和使用。

解决措施可以采用加装排气阀或者排气管道，合理设置通气孔，保证排气通畅。

3. 出水噪音问题：在排水系统中，由于水的流动和撞击造成的噪音较大，影响居民生活和睡眠质量。

解决措施可以采用增加隔音层、改进管道设计、采用减振装置等方式来降低出水噪音。

4. 水质污染问题：建筑物的给水系统中，由于水源水质较差或者管道老化等问题，导致送达用户的水质受到污染。

解决措施可以采用安装净水器、定期检查管道并更换老化部分、加装过滤装置等方法来保证水质的纯净和安全。

5. 施工质量问题：给排水系统的施工质量是影响其使用效果和寿命的关键。

施工中存在的问题包括管道连接不严密、密封不好、安装不稳固等。

解决措施可以采用加强施工质量监督、提高施工工人技术水平和培训等方法来提高施工质量。

6. 设计不合理问题：一些建筑物在设计给排水系统时没有充分考虑到实际使用需求，导致布局不合理、管道走向不合理等问题。

解决措施可以通过完善前期设计工作、加强与业主、用户的沟通和反馈，及时调整设计方案来解决这些问题。

7. 雨水收集利用问题：随着节水意识的提高，建筑物的雨水收集利用系统越来越受到关注。

但一些建筑物在设计和施工中没有充分考虑到雨水收集利用系统的设置和使用。

解决措施可以通过加强设计规划、合理配置雨水收集设备、提供相关维护和管理指导等方法来提高雨水收集利用效果。

建筑给排水设计中常见问题的解决措施需要综合考虑技术、经济和环境等多方面因素，通过合理的设计和施工，以及科学的管理和维护，可以有效解决这些问题，保证建筑物的给排水系统的正常运行和使用效果。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题乐启夏（福州铁路分局永安建筑段设计室 366000）提要本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。

关键词多层住宅给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

如何按"2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则"的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。

作为住宅的心脏――厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。

因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道和设备的安装等。

下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。

（一）给水管材选用问题传统的给水管材一般采用镀锌钢管，由于镀锌钢管易锈蚀，使用寿命短，用于输送生活用水不能满足水质卫生标准等缺点，建设部正大力推广塑料给水管的应用。

许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等优点。

给水用塑料管道主要有：硬聚氯乙烯（PVC－U）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）、改性聚丙烯（PP－R ，PP－C）、聚丁烯（PB）、铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）和钢塑复合管等。

下表是几种建筑给水管材性能的比较。

管材性能优点缺点长期使用温度短期使用温度硬聚氯乙烯管（PVC－U）抗腐蚀能力强，质地坚硬，施工简便有UPVC单体和添加剂渗出，管接头粘合技术要求高，固化时间长≤400C ――改性聚丙烯（EN-US)PP－R，PP－C）耐温性能好，抗蠕变性能好，施工简便只有用金属管件连接；水流局部水头损失大，不能回收重复利用 900C 950C铝塑复合管(PEX－AL－PEX）耐温性能好，保温性能好(EN-US) 在同等压力和介质温度的条件下，管壁最厚，采用热熔连接，需用专门连接工具≤600C ≤900C 铝塑复合管(PE－AL－PE）易弯曲成形，完全消防氧渗透，线膨胀系数小，施工简便管壁厚薄不均匀，管路连接采用铜管件，水流局部水头损失大≤400C ――注：1）长期使用温度系指管道在此温度范围内使用寿命达30～50年2）短期使用温度系指管道在此温度范围使用寿命达10～20年管材的选择是经济技术的比较过程，技术上应从压力、温度、使用环境、安装方法等方面进行考虑，同时结合业主的要求和住宅的档次，进行经济技术综合考虑后确定。

浅议多层住宅建筑给排水设计摘要：建筑给排水是建筑行业一个重要的组成部分，随着建筑业的迅速发展，建筑给排水专业已成为给水排水中不可缺少而又独具特色的组成部分。

本文主要对多层住宅建筑给排水中管道敷设、地漏设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行了探讨。

关键词：多层住宅建筑给排水abstract: the construction industry building drainage is an important part of, with the rapid development of the construction industry, construction drainage professional has become an indispensable water and unique component parts. this paper mainly of multilayer residence in building water supply pipe laying, floor drain setting and air conditioning condensed water from are discussed in this paper.keywords: multilayer residence building water supply and drainage中图分类号：s276文献标识码：a 文章编号：0 我国建筑给排水的发展现状建筑给排水是建筑行业一个重要的组成部分。

自1986年《建筑给水排水设计规范》被审批通过以来，随着建筑业的迅速发展，建筑给排水专业已成为给水排水中不可缺少而又独具特色的组成部分[1]。

本人从事建筑给排水设计工作两年，浅谈一下多层住宅建筑给排水设计。

1 给排水管道敷设设计要点1.1 给排水立管敷设(1) 立管安装在厨房、卫生间的墙角处。

因其施工方便，在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种敷设方式，但明露管道有碍居室美观，住户在二次装修时大多会用轻质材料给予隐藏起来。

建筑设计Architectural Design– 60 –建筑施工里，住宅建筑给排水属于基础性工程的一种，和大众日常生活联系紧密。

随着大众生活质量的提升，大众对住宅的设施日渐重视。

因此，在具体住宅建筑给排水工程里，需要对施工存在的问题予以重视，同时总结经验，应用适配的策略保证住宅建筑给排水的施工质量。

1 住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题与解决对策1.1 排水立管设计不当。

设计师在整个厨房排水立管设计的全过程里，可能对燃气管的布置位置考虑不够，一般而言，燃气管道需要合理设置在烟道排烟口周遭的墙角位置。

一旦涉及不注意设置到对应的位置，那么会对之后燃气管的布置有所影响。

解决策略：厨房的排水立管需要合理设置在和烟道位置中的墙角处较远的地方，从而为燃气管道预留出充足的安装空间。

1.2 漏设雨水管和溢流措施。

整个设计过程里，针对门厅雨棚或是较小面积的露台，建筑专业漏设需要设计排水坡度、排水口等，使得给排水无法在对用的区域设置好雨水管，致使对应区域的雨水不能顺利排出去。

此外，对应区域中，因为汇水面积比较小，一般仅仅用1根雨水管，而给排水专业没能设置对应的溢流策略，一旦出现管道堵塞，雨水就不能顺势排出，形成积水、渗水、漏水等问题，这样就会给住宅建筑带来不良影响，影响人们生活的品质。

解决策略：给排水需要对建筑供应的条件图详加检查，对于各个天面雨水口位置详尽核对，针对存在雨水排放有要求的区域，要求在对应的位置合理设置好雨水管，同时需要科学设置好溢流策略，往往会设置好溢流孔模式。

2 地漏的设置问题以及解决对策2.1 厨房地漏的问题。

现阶段，厨房能不能设置地漏备受争议。

原因是厨房地面往往无法排水，因此设计的时候一般不会选择在厨房设置地漏。

装修的时候，部分业主会在厨房铺设木地板，也不适合装地漏。

不过实际生活中，总会有厨房洗菜盆下水管漏水或是出现堵塞问题，无法有效排出水，进而对业主形成不便。

倘若铺设木地板就可能形成较大损失。

此外由于常规情况下，厨房地漏水排出较少，一般的地漏水封可能会由于蒸腾而丧失原本的效用，致使排水管道出现返臭。

对住宅建筑给排水设计的几点建议摘要：随着国民经济发展越来越好，人们的生活水平也随之不断提高，自然而然对于住宅建筑的要求也越来越高了。

随着各类住宅建筑大量涌现，也使建筑给排水技术得到了较快发展。

然而，随着给排水工程的增多，也出现了一些需要注意的问题，如果处理不好，会给使用者带来很多不必要的麻烦。

给排水工程对住宅建筑整体功能的实现具有十分重要的意义。

如果住宅建筑中给排水工程存在问题，那么将会直接影响住户的居住感受。

本文做了一系列的探讨。

关键词：建筑给排水；水表设置；设计方案Abstract: along with the development of the national economy more and better, the living standard of people also will improve, for residential construction requirements naturally more and more is also high. All kinds of residential building with a rash also make the building water supply and drainage technology has been developed rapidly. However, with the increase of water supply and drainage engineering, there arise some problems that should be paid attention to, if treatment is not good, will give the user to bring a lot of unnecessary trouble. Water supply and drainage engineering on the realization of the whole function of residential buildings have very important significance. If residential building water supply and drainage engineering problems in, so will directly influence the living feelings of the residents. This paper made a series of discussion.Key Words: building water supply and drainage; the water meter set; design scheme为了满足住户舒适、美观的要求,在设计工作中要综合考虑各方面的因素,完善施工技术,为住户营造一个美观实用的居住环境。

152多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题 黄禄 秦皇岛市信偌工程咨询有限公司摘 要：针对多层住宅建筑的给排水设计问题，结合对设计标准、规范的理解，从给水管道的敷设、地漏的安装等方面，就给排水设计的常见问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体解决措施。

关键词：给排水设计；多层住宅建筑；管道敷设；地漏随着人们生活水平的提高，对住宅建筑给排水设计也提出更高要求。

因此，在工程规划、设计、施工、监理、物业管理、维护保养等各环节，应始终以国家和地方的各项规范、规定为依据，并不折不扣的执行，尤其是对极易被忽视的细节问题更应高度重视。

1 给水管材选用问题目前我国市场上存在约20种左右的给排水管材，主要包括金属管（不锈钢管、镀锌管、铜管、铜塑管、涂塑钢管等）、复合管（凯撒管、衬塑管等）、塑料管（聚丙烯管、硬聚氯乙烯管等）许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等优点。

塑料管PP-R管道具有良好的抗冲击性能、在温度和内压长期作用下强度减慢，即在相同温度和内压条件下使用寿命更长的特点：（1）具有较好的耐热性。

PP-R 管的维卡软化点 131.5度，最高使用温度可达 95 度，长期使用温度可达 70 度，满足建筑冷热水管道设计要求。

（2）无毒、卫生。

PP-R 原材料属聚烯烃类，其分子仅由炭、氢元素组成，原辅材完成达到食品卫生要求。

没有有害有毒的元素存在，卫生可靠，不仅用于冷热水管道，还可以用于饮用纯净水系统。

（3）保温节能。

PP-R 管传导热系数为 0.21w/mk。

（4）安装方便、管件连接牢固。

PP-R 管材、管件采用相同的原材料加工而成，并有良好的热、电融焊接性能，其管材、管件可采用热熔连接或电容连接，管材、管件连接部位强度不低于材料本身的强度。

PP-R 管道连接方法较粘结、弹性密封承插及其它机械连接等成本低、速度快、操作简单、安全可靠，特别适合用于直埋暗敷场合。

住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题姓名：强嘉龙学号：200723129摘要：本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。

关键词：多层住宅,给水管材,管道敷设,水表,太阳能热水器多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

如何按2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。

作为住宅的心脏――厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。

因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道和设备的安装等。

下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。

（一）给水管材选用问题传统的给水管材一般采用镀锌钢管，由于镀锌钢管易锈蚀，使用寿命短，用于输送生活用水不能满足水质卫生标准等缺点，建设部正大力推广塑料给水管的应用。

许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等优点。

给水用塑料管道主要有：硬聚氯乙烯（PVC－U）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）、改性聚丙烯（PP－R ，PP－C）、聚丁烯（PB）、铝塑复合管（PE －AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）和钢塑复合管等。

管材的选择是经济技术的比较过程，技术上应从压力、温度、使用环境、安装方法等方面进行考虑，同时结合业主的要求和住宅的档次，进行经济技术综合考虑后确定。

以上所塑料给水管材都可作为住宅生活给水管材。

经济适用房和解困房主要面对广大中低收入居民，可选用卫生级硬聚氯乙烯管（PVC－U）作为给水管，以降低造价；中高档商品房可用铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）或其他塑料给水管材作为给水管。