下载文档原格式
七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。
吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。
情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。
是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。
乃书于纸上。
毕而卧。
凄然入梦。
乙酉年七月初七。
-----啸之记。
考研英语长难句(许俊晖TONY 谢绝传播）考研英语难，难在何处？难在句子太长，结构太复杂。
其实，万变不离其宗，总有章法可循，且看我们如何演绎。
也许能给你启发呢？为了使分析更有针对性，我们不但剖析了英语长难句的基本句型，而且对近年来考研英语试题中出现的典型长难句进行了分析。
第一部分长难句基本句型近几年，考研英语出现了很多难句。
并且这些难句主要是长难句。
长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。
这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。
虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
下面分别对这四种方式一一解析。
一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。
复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。
本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。
这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。
（一）简单复合从句简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。
套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。
这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。
在翻译定语从句时，“这（些/个）”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。
阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。
一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。
并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。
也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。
其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。
开头万能公式1．开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.”（适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…2．开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。
所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
Travel by Bike：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?：根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …结尾万能公式1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。
化繁为简—破解英语长难句一长难句基本句型特征考研英语长难句的是如何构成的？命题人员在英语原文基础上进行改造时，主要从结构上通过四种方式来使句子更加复杂：1、复合从句2、成分省略3、使用插入成分4、改变句序这四种方式往往相互结合，形成错综复杂的句子，即混合型句子。
目的是提高难度，增强干扰，打断和打乱考生的思维，从而达到检验考生阅读能力和的目标。
下面分别对这四种方式进行解析。
我们要时刻牢记的一点是，考试中的长难句绝大多数为主谓宾或主系表结构，其它成分都是围绕这三个主要成分其中之一。
这就是所有长难句的核心和本质。
必须牢记。
最常见的是围绕主语和宾语（表语）我们要根据这些次要成分的位置和字面意义来推测它们和主干意群的逻辑关系。
在切分意群时，意群的大小根据自己实际理解能力来分解。
标准就是看一眼就能理解的信息（短语或者句子）。
经过训练后，我们看一眼就能把握的意群会越来越多，从而完成从菜鸟到“大虾”的转变。
请看下面例句：The fact that these people live near famous caves, which contain vivid paintings from Europe‟s early humans, leads him to the conclusion that they are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the first modern humans in Europe, who supposedly migrated from Africa. (46 words)我们需要做的就是把句子意群切开，化繁为简，分而治之。
目前大多数同学会看到后面的信息就忘掉前面的信息，一句话反复读，但总理不清头绪，浪费大量时间。
通过训练，我们将学会如何快速解开错综复杂的意群，避免信息杂乱无章，清晰地把握句子的含义。
在这里强调，在初级阶段一定要动手做标记，不迈出这一步，我们会永远停留在看到长难句就头脑混乱直到短路的阶段。
考研语法难点精析【语法难点精析之一：被分隔的定语从句】定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
一般说来，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种：①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。
乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。
但仔细一想，”不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？“，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。
②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。
ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。
此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，新（男）老师将来较你德语。
语法难点精析之二：besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别（１） besides与except前者表示＂除．．．以外，还有．．．＂；后者表示＂从整体中除去．．．＂这个大家都知道，就不举例子了．（２）except与except fora．除去的和非除去的是同类事物，用excepteg：All the essays are well written except Nelson's.Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同类事物，所以用except．b．除去的和非除去的不是同类事物，用except for，并且从语气上通常表示遗憾．eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同类的事物．（３）apart from 具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，还可以表示without的意思eg：Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知．（＝without）（４）excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等词之后eg:Excepting his brother,they are all right.Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.（５）but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything，anywhere，nobody等词以后及all，none之后eg：The children go to school everyday but Sunday.They are all gone but me.You can get the book anywhere but here.There is no one but me.Who but George would do such a thing?语法难点精析之三：too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况【too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】我们知道too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能"eg:He is too old to work.但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:⑴当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时.eg:English is not too difficult to learn.英语并不太难学.He is too wise not to see that.他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.⑵当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时.eg:They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离开.He is too ready to help others.他总是乐于助人.与这些词连用时,too前还常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副词,意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义.eg:I'm only too glad to see you .见到你非常高兴.They are but too pleased to hear the news.他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.⑶与cannot连用时.eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).⑷当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.It is too much to say that he is a fool.语法难点精析之四：every表示”每隔“的用法⑴"every other+单数名词”意思是“每隔一。
2013考研英语基础班讲义主讲: 吴耀武共同探讨英语人生量身定做学习计划紧紧把握考试脉搏传授英语应试策略奠定良好心理基础培养进取人生态度2012年3月主讲教师简介吴耀武：著名英语教学与测试专家；西安外国语大学国际学院院长；多次参加国家、省、市命题和阅卷工作。
先后在西安外国语大学（XISU）、香港岭南大学(HKLU)、上海外国语大学(SHISU)、美国洪堡州立大学（HSU）、美国北亚历桑那大学（NAU）学习、工作和访问过，先后出访美国、英国、法国、西班牙、比利时、韩国、泰国、香港等国家地区20余所国外合作院校。
现已出版英语考研《考试专家》系列丛书（西工大出版社）、《21世纪考研英语》系列丛书（人民日报出版社）、大学英语四六级《考试专家》、《全攻略》系列丛书（西工大出版社）、英语专业四八级《TEM-4/8考试指南》系列丛书（世界图书出版社）和高考英语《考试专家》系列丛书（西安外语音像出版社）等30余部，逾1000万字。
于2000年起在全国高校和各地中学作关于考研英语、雅思（IELTS）、高考英语等巡回讲座，在各地均引起巨大轰动，讲座场场爆满。
并受到新浪、搜狐、中国考试网、都市快报、西安零距离、华商报、西安晚报、三秦都市报等多家媒体的关注和专访。
他在英语培训领域提出了自己独特的教学理念——努力改进学习方法、量身定做学习计划；——紧紧把握考试脉搏，传授英语应试策略；——奠定良好心理基础，培养进取人生态度。
这一理念在课堂上得以贯彻并为广大学员所认可。
现在吴老师每年在北京、上海、西安、武汉、南京、成都、重庆、沈阳、石家庄、天津、乌鲁木齐等20多所中心城市主讲考研英语、大学英语四六级和高考英语，经他直接培训的学员已逾12万人，听众更是不计其数。
学员对他的评价是：―――感情真挚，敬业专注；―――才思敏捷，经典幽默；――― 传授知识如春风化雨，润物无声；―――谈应试技巧如数家珍，挥洒自如；―――他的语言总是富有人生哲理，他的课堂永远充满着欢笑从容；他传播的不仅仅是英语知识，更是一种人生感悟！吴耀武英语教学网欢迎大家交流学习：2013年考研学生注意：西安外国语大学国际学院与美国洪堡州立大学、美国北亚历桑那大学和英国赫瑞瓦特大学强强联合共建英语专业（GE）和英语教学硕士（TESFL）培养项目面向全国2013届本科毕业生招生（本科专业不限，英语基础较好），详情请登陆西安外国语大学国际学院网站进入国际学院网站或直接进入http://222.90.76.146/gjxy/浏览。
吴耀武2014年英语基础班听课笔记（陈增桂整理）第一章：英语阅读思维阅读：宏观→→微观宏观：1、如何抓住文章主旨；2、如何形成框架图示；、3、如何归纳各段中心；4、如何理解段内逻辑。
微观：一、语法“三架马车”：1、时态、语态2、非谓语动词3、各类从句。
二、十大长难句：1、定语从句；2、同谓语从句；3、形式主语；4、强调句；5、倒装；6、并列；7、省略；8、被动；9、否定；10、比较。
三、词汇：1、熟词生意→引申规律2、核心词（5月份前）3、构词规律→词缀4、近义近形词汇辨析5、主题背景词汇任务：1、在6月份前训练在6分钟内找到：文章主旨、各段中心、段内论证逻辑；2、在7、8、9月做题策略，做题技巧；3、在11、12、1月提高做题速度。
第二章：阅读技巧宏观：一、如何抓住文章主旨；（注：一篇文章只有一个主旨贯穿全文）定位：第一段或第二段的首句（若第二段首句出现转折词或归纳性总结词时）转折词：however，whereas，but，yet，thought，归纳性：so、theoretic、thus 、clearly、overly、of course（前面是过去时）now ,now a days, currently, recently, unfortunately内容：2~3个关键词1、显性再现：（原词）复现率最高2、隐性再现：同义置换、相关省略、暗指借代1、同意置换近义词：e.g：protection—preserve—guard—shelfer—keep2、相关省略（主题词的省略要注意）e.g：（1）data leakage--- information insecurity—the stealen(2)scientists—researchers—the researching community-the community3、暗指借代（上下引申义对应主题）难~e.g：1、increase in people height2、the size of clothes3、the limbs long/short 2,3,4从引申方面来说4、the position of the car seat 人的身高变化3、逻辑再现：（反义）influence，change，contrast。
海文考研2013考研英语复习全攻略吴耀武Today I believe---This wonderful lecture will completely change my life! Today I believe---That all my efforts will produce generous returns!Today I believe---CGRE English will be conquered this time!第一阶段（2011年9月至2012年2月）---预备阶段（新概念3—4册学习）第二阶段（2012年3月至2012年6月）---基础阶段（词汇和阅读能力培养）第三阶段（2012年7月至2012年10月）---强化阶段（研究和训练真题）第四阶段（2012年11月至2012年12月）---冲刺阶段（作文强化和套题训练）考研英语应试技巧词汇:三个层面，五个考点，黑白灰，分实虚，多复习，巧记忆阅读:把握主题，纵观全局，回归原文，信息定位，合情推理，水到成渠新题型: 四种题型，四种思路；步步为营找关联，反客为主抢先机翻译:把握词义，调整语序；纸面风平浪静，心中万箭齐发写作：应用文---强化格式，明确目的，要点全面，合情推理；漫画作文--- 全新思路，经典任务，记住“一二三四五”，你比考官都清楚真题阅读点评：During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom）who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.[421 words]31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According go the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text？[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year----from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California. Berkeley----have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.”Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asset.” says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's business school “The ability guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles （GAAP）, perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one.” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest exccutive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore---and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged---though not justified---by the lack of legal penalty （in America, but not Europe）for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law. American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray, I hat may change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now doing the rounds in Washington. D.C. Meanwhile. the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th. overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission （FTC）that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.[416 words]36. The statement：“It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC's decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage.。
高考一轮复习英语长难句分析课件一、教学内容本节课选自高考一轮复习英语教材的第五章“长难句分析”。
具体内容包括：分析并解读长难句的结构，掌握长难句的阅读和理解技巧，以及运用所学知识进行实际操作。
二、教学目标1. 能够识别并分析长难句的结构，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
2. 学会运用长难句分析技巧，提高英语解题能力。
3. 培养学生的合作意识和自主学习能力。
三、教学难点与重点难点：长难句的结构分析，尤其是复杂句型的识别。
重点：长难句的阅读技巧和解题方法。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学生准备：笔记本、教材、练习册。
五、教学过程1. 实践情景引入（5分钟）利用多媒体展示一段含有长难句的英语文章，让学生尝试阅读并体会长难句在文章中的作用。
2. 例题讲解（10分钟）选取一道高考英语长难句分析题，详细讲解解题思路和步骤。
3. 知识讲解（15分钟）分析长难句的结构，讲解长难句的阅读和理解技巧。
4. 随堂练习（10分钟）让学生独立完成练习册上的长难句分析题目，并进行讲解。
5. 小组讨论（10分钟）学生分组讨论长难句分析的方法和技巧，分享心得体会。
7. 课堂反馈（5分钟）了解学生对本节课内容的掌握情况，解答学生疑问。
六、板书设计1. 长难句的结构分析2. 长难句阅读技巧3. 高考英语长难句分析题解题步骤七、作业设计1. 作业题目：完成练习册上的长难句分析题目。
答案：略。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：关注学生在课堂上的参与度，以及对长难句分析技巧的掌握情况。
2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生课外阅读，提高阅读速度和理解能力，为高考英语做好准备。
重点和难点解析1. 长难句的结构分析2. 长难句阅读技巧3. 高考英语长难句分析题解题步骤4. 课堂实践与讨论5. 作业设计与拓展延伸一、长难句的结构分析1. 句子成分：分析句子中的主谓宾、定状补等成分，帮助学生理解句子结构。
2. 句型识别：讲解并列句、复合句、并列复合句等常见句型，提高学生识别长难句的能力。
吴耀武老师考研资料考研英语时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时：（1）表示感知的动词：hear，feel，notice，recognize，see，taste，smell；（2）表示意愿、情感的动词：desire，dislike，forgive，hate，like，love，prefer，refuse，want，wish，fear，lov e，hate；（3）表示思考、看法的动词：believe，doubt，expect，forget，hope，feel，mean，know，agree，realize，mind，recall，recollect，remember，trust，suppose；（4）表示所有、占有的动词：belong to，owe，own，possess，hold（容纳）；（5）其他动词：cost，appear，concern，contain，co nsist，deserve，matter，seem.如：I‘d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you，anyone who is depriving you of the right t o have it is criminal.（1997年考研题，belong表示归属，不用于进行式）He was seeing somebody creeping into the house thro ugh the open window last night.（1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式）2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式：（1）be going to表示现在的打算和意图；（2）arrive，come，drive，go，leave，retire，retu rn，set off，start，take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作；（3）be to （do）表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.（4）be about to （do）表示将要（做），如：Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.（5）be on the point /verge of （doing）表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用；（6）be，begin，come，depart，get off，go，leav e，return，start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如：If you want your film to be properly processed，you‘ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday，which is the day after tomorrow.</P< p>（画线部分一般不用will be）（7）在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I don‘t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。
1 如何梳理文章框架？1分钟秒内：①读第一段和第二段的强一两句，找出重复出现的信息。
②2—3个keywords。
③位置规律：50% 第一段40% 第二段10% 最后一段（概率最小）2 如何理清作者思路？提出观点支持观点型提出主题反驳观点型提出看法各抒己见型①还是根据1 在1分钟之内找出观点。
7段中的67段，5段中的4段，比较短。
基本在引用不同人的看法。
②找出描述现象。
③提出问题→解决问题④对比对照3 如何筛选关键信息？（找中心句）①表达（观点，立场，结论）Eg I think you are a pig .②情态动词：should, must etc.③特殊标点：：—“”a ：b b是对a的总结。
a —b b是对a的解释。
“半句话”引号里是半句话，则是重点。
“全句话”引号里是全句话，｛评论型、描述型｝Eg At home, my wife is just like a …kite‟。
At home, my wife is just like a …satellite‟。
④特殊句型：违反语法的！（多次重复的eg his face was covered of the water water and water 三个water 分别指汗水，泪水, 苦水）⑤转折连续：but ,however,yet.特别得，only ，particular。
排他副词。
Money is significant only when someone is ill.⑥首末句。
上述为⑥。
下述③。
…….But…….…….however….……..yet………But当除了。
However 当无论。
Y et当还。
讲时，忽略。
不是重点。
4 如何快速文中定位？keywords→反复再现每一段的中心句。
重要！显性再现：同样的word 的出现。
隐性再现：1 同义置换。
2 相关省略。
3 暗指。
scientist的4个再现eg 1.scientists2.researchers3.the researching community4.the community ！（终极替换，都省略了。
一、英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例 2.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3. However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic将夜development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
2010考研必备英语资料汇总贴（含2009年考研精品资料）：辅导书籍+辅导班视频+讲义首先来点音乐吧O(∩_∩)O~：每天记忆3000单词：罗扎夫高效记忆音乐+巴洛克超级学习音乐1986-2009年历年英语真题及解析音频下载汇总：2010考研英语万能作文MP31992-2009年下载1986-2009年历年考研英语真题音频阅读+完型+英译汉+写作下载2010夏倚荣考研英语历年真题解析(1992-2009)音频下载2006-2009经济学家双语阅读汇总下载2009年经济学人杂志双语阅读汇总打包下载(word+pdf)更新至8月份经济学人双语阅读精选9月份汇总打包下载2006-2009年经济学家双语阅读汇总下载历年考研英语试题命题特点及规律(阅读理解A部分)附word版下载历年考研英语试题命题特点及规律(阅读理解B部分)附word版下载历年考研英语试题命题特点及规律(知识运用部分)历年考研英语试题命题特点及规律(写作B部分)附word下载一：辅导书籍：词汇：新东方英语词汇超级记忆法新东方考研词汇辨析文档下载新东方考研英语词汇词根联想记忆法新东方内部资料一常考词语的固定搭配90-07考研词汇频率统计2010淘金高阶考研英语词霸Google考典726页全献给考研童鞋的大礼：考研英语大纲词汇+词组+字根+例句+翻译2010宫东风教授考研英语词汇复习指南完整电子版下载2010年新东方刘一男考研词汇更新22-262010考研英语曾鸣张剑霍岩核心词汇说文解词完整版下载（409页）2010考研英语高频词汇课堂讲解MP3下载2010年迦思佑考研6000词逻辑辨证记忆完整电子版下载2010年考研英语词汇用法详解“新双博士”考点、记忆法、用法2010考研英语高频词汇课堂讲解MP3 需要的请进新东方名师《2010考研英语分频词汇速记多媒体课堂》电子版下载2010考研英语大纲词汇考点、用法及解析mp3大家网独家下载2010年星火考研英语词汇词根+联想+图解记忆法2010考研必看--强烈推荐）100句话涵盖所有考研词汇总汇新东方大愚英语丛书考研英语核心词汇50天突破mp3下载新东方考研英语培训教材2010年考研英语词组必备大家网独家下载2010年考研英语词汇星火式巧记速记mp3大家网下载2010年考研英语词汇星火式巧记速记电子版下载2010年考研英语词汇速记宝典三部分全2010年星火考研考研英语词汇核心突破配套音频2010星火考研研英语词汇核心突破电子书下下载2010星火考研研英语词汇核心突破电子书上下载阅读：2010考研英语朱泰祺全程辅导全书完整版下载考研梦工厂2010考研英语信息快报第5-6期—阅读方法与技巧专题上下册2010考研英语梦工厂五层递进学习法—阅读真题精读背诵笔记完整版下载2010考研英语洞穿考研盘内容(王若平)下载徐老师送给2010考研同学的礼物：新概念第三册课文精读详解50篇徐绽考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（经济类）一张表搞定语法考研翻译冲刺必背单词唐静考研作文热点词汇2010王若平阅读手记2010星火考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇超精细完整版下载2010考研英语历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇--钟平2010年考研英语阅读命题思路透析及真题揭秘电子版下载2010宫东风阅读基础过关配套辅导书籍下载新东方考研英语培训教材2010考研英语分类阅读高分进阶(120篇)大家网独家2010年星火考研英语巅峰阅读100篇配套软件下载2010考试虫王若平阅读基础长难句过关（完整超清晰电子书）2010年硕士研究生英语入学考试阅读基本功难句过关王若平2010年新东方考研英语培训教材阅读真题语言注释与难句突破电子版下载写作：星火考研英语高分作文黄金模板网上下载音频英语作文中必备的100例替换精髓词汇考研作文宝典打印版2010考研英语万能作文MP31992-2009年下载1995-2009年考研作文范文录音及文本下载2010年考研英语写作20天突破（考研英语命题研究组编）2010宫东风王军写作核心词汇配套辅导书籍下载2010年考研英语高分写作（框架、思维、语言三大层面突破）大家网首发2010年考研英语高分作文黄金模板[星火英语]2010《写作160篇》——网上增值服务资料免费下载2010星火英语考研英语易考范文背诵80篇光盘免费下载2010版《写作160篇》——连续四年命中写作原题真题：[原创]大家版词典级23套历年考研英语真题及答案(1986-2008年)[08年12月6日更新] 2010历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路-(曾鸣、张剑、刘京霄)历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路(张剑)2006-2005年电子版下载2010年考研英语必备王长喜超精细完整电子版下载2010考研英语真题考点与常见错误透析超精细完整电子版下载1994-2008年考研英语阅读真题mp3(含字幕)下载2009-2007年考研英语真题解析及复习思路--考研英语黄皮书（曾鸣，张剑）2010《考研真相》【MP3】+ 24年真题+10年真题彻底细解★☆★2010年考研英语十年真题点石成金完型、语法及翻译：战神宝典第六部考研英语综合语法纲要新东方考研英语培训教材拆分与组合翻译法下载2010年考研英语主观题40分攻略翻译与写作2010考研英语完型填空与填空式阅读电子版下载2010年新航道胡敏考研英语语法突破2010年考研英语新教程人大出版社张锦芯2010年新东方考研英语培训教材三步搞定翻译及难句张满胜一张表搞定语法冲刺模拟题：2010考研英语绝对考场最后五套题(徐绽)下载2010考研英语考前作文30篇新大纲(考试虫王若平)附录音下载2010年考研英语考试虫万能作文新大纲写作预测试题(王若平)下载2010年考研英语新东方冲刺试卷最后8套附复习手册完整版2010北京考研班考研英语阅读命题大预测50篇完整版下载2010考研英语知识运用押题36篇考研梦工厂完整版下载2010朱泰祺考研英语(一)全真冲刺试卷下载2010年考研梦工厂考研热点重点作文20篇完整版下载2010考研英语考前30天狂背作文完整版下载2010年宫东风考研英语（一）全真冲刺试卷完整版下载2010年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题2010考研英语张剑命题特点和规律分析大纲：2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲完整版下载2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲完整版下载2009年考研计算机学科专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研教育学专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研历史学基础考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研农学类联考考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研日语考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研数学考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研西医综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研心理学科专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研英语考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研中医综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研日语大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研教育学大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研计算机大纲超精细完整版下载二：辅导班视频+音频+讲义音频：星火考研英语高分作文黄金模板网上下载音频2010硕士研究生英语2010硕士研究生英语考试大纲音频下载2010年考研英语宫东风词汇复习指南朗读版mp3附字幕2010文都考研英语写作班下载2010考研教育网英语强化班作文mp3下载2010年考研教育网考研英语阅读五型音频下载2010夏倚荣考研英语历年真题解析(1992-2009)音频下载2010考研英语北京基础班精华录音下载2010考研英语写作核心词汇班录音下载2010年考研英语王国清语法班录音下载2010考研英语阅读基础班-宫东风2010年考研英语长难句精讲班2010考研英语精品词汇班面授录音2010启航英语基础班-阅读王若平2010领航英语导学课MP3录音-王轶群主讲淘金高阶英语词汇巧记MP3下载视频：辅导班视频都是陆续更新的，一个课程资料会陆续发成了好几个贴，大家稍微找一下，我会持续更新，有不全的，可以发新帖（不要跟帖）告诉我O(∩_∩)O~，我会尽量补全。
1. It is + adjective/ noun + clause 注意：先翻从句部分，再翻形容词/名词部分。
a. So it is quite sad when divorces come with small provocations, when parents and children give up on one another, when friendships falter at the first injury, for thus we forfeit a great work of art——the long love。
b. It is thus no exaggeration that Americans have taken to mechanical cooling avidly and greedily。
c. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions。
2. It is + adjective + infinitive to 注意：先翻不定式部分，再翻形容词部分。
a. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year of two and be lost forever to her profession。
b. It is essential for modern men to master one or two foreign languages。
吴耀武老师教我的考研英语必胜法则英语可是个硬骨头。
我本来英语并不好，高考中也只考了94分，大二上学期过四级才48.5分。
但大二下学期以60.5分过完四级后，我就一鼓作气，在大三上学期以71分过了六级，实现我大学生涯美妙的三级跳。
这得益于我的勤奋。
天道酬勤，真的很管用。
但学习要有方法，否则只能是事倍功半。
首先过单词关。
我买了本单词记忆宝典，每天都会看二个小时左右。
但我不是背，而是看。
因为我始终铭记海文吴耀武老师的话：记忆一个单词不在于你背它的时间有多长而在于你记它的频率。
打个比方吧：你对甲在某天连续盯了一个小时，而隔了10年没见，而对乙每天只看1秒钟，连续10年。
而10年后，你会记住了乙而忘记了甲。
其次是阅读关。
一个字策略—多。
所谓见多识广嘛！但要注意总结经验。
比如，单词释义题一般要注意上两句和下两句。
作者主旨题要注意每段开头句等等。
而对于新题型的七选五，技巧就更为重要了。
2005年的七选五，多数同学都感到难，其实他们是陷入了抠句子和单词的怪圈，聪明的方法是注意每段的中心词和上下段的关系。
今年我的七选五全对，或许就得缘于此吧！再则，对于小作文，其实是送分。
相对于原来的听力，它是可预测的。
把10种左右的文体各背一篇，就可以了。
最后，对于大作文，主要把握以下几点：1、多背。
2、整理各种文体的固定框架。
如看图题、永恒话题、给定主旨题等。
3、第一段要完美。
因为这是门面，一定要装灌潢好。
当然句子不宜太多，一定要精，最好是些钻石句型。
4、注意书写。
记住吴耀武老师的一句话：作文不是要你创作，而是拼凑。
将众多好句子凑一块，组成一篇美文即可。
因为考场上的时间不允许你去临时创造。
因此更要重视平时的训练。
2010考研命题组换人了，考研书也该换了！——全国近五年来高分考生公认的优秀考研资料会员积分第一店/有六位博士硕士研究生在线免费考研咨询2010年考研一定要找到的宝藏：一定要找到北京考研班的六批免费勾画重点。
（高级会员和普通会员有别）第一批是预备班的笔记和勾划重点(3～5月), （考研战略战术，考研高分经验，考研总大纲，考研总公式，考研总规划，考研方法论，考研高分“30论”，考研信息“司令部”，团队语音课堂）第二批是基础班的笔记和勾划重点(5～6月),（基础教材，大纲，笔记，团队语音课堂）第三批是强化班的笔记和勾划重点(7～9月), （中高级教材，精选习题，命题人手稿，团队语音课堂）第四批是冲刺班的笔记和勾划重点(9～11月), （大纲解析配套习题，命题人手稿，北京考研班内部资料）第五批是点题班的笔记和勾划重点(11～12月), （北京考研信息快报，北京考研押题快报，作文预测，政治押题，数学猜题）第六批是押题班的笔记和勾划重点(1月)。
（北京考前终极大预测，作文预测，政治押题，数学猜题）很系统很实用,往年用过的同学大多数政治分数考得80多分以上!!往年用过的同学大多数英语分数考得75分以上!!往年用过的同学大多数数学分数考得130多分以上!!这样的实例每年不计其数数学类1.教材类（均有配套辅导,习题全解）《高等数学》（同济5，或6版）“高数之王，陈文灯”《线性代数》（理工类：同济5版，经济类：数学三，吴传生，高教版）“线代之王，李永乐”《概率论与数理统计》（浙江大学三，或四版）“概率之王，姚孟臣”2.综合类《数学考试大纲》可有，亦可无（教育部）（梦工厂免费辅导班解析，勾画大纲重点，命题热点）《数学复习指南》高级水平（理工类，经济类：陈文灯）《数学复习全书》中级水平（李永乐）《北京考研班秘笈：数学命题人手稿-典型题精编中高级水平（考研梦工厂）《北京考研班秘笈：数学考前终极大预测》高级水平（北京考研班）3.公式手册类背诵公式手册，《数学核心公式手册》（公式手册第一书）必须人手一册，人民日报出版社的。
2013考研英语基础班讲义考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句 定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2.The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.【只有一个指示代词those，一个管后面的两个词，所以goods and services是整体的，所以后面的that指代的是它们的整体】若在se前加these 会修饰se例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly. 条件（转翻译）例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which然而，不料finally became the threat needed to be controlled.（逻辑）例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。
倒装有两种。
将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。
如Then began a bitter war between the two countries.于是两国之间开始了恶战。
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。
如At no time was the entrance left unguarded.入口无时无人把守。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。
前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
例1Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than today’s semiconductor devices.例2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.注意：调整语序，加强语气。
以There be引出的倒装句a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district.b. There exist many problems among the present day students.c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance.以副词here, there, then, now, next引出的倒装句a. Here come the rest of the party.b. Now comes your turn.c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound.d. Next came Edward with his wife.以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句a. At the school gate stood a guard.b. Under the tree are sitting some students.c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten.主语为代词时，不用倒装Behind the counter he stood.Behind the counter stood a man with glasses.以表方位的副词引出的倒装句a. Up went the arrow into the air.b. Down fell a dozen apples.c. Off went the horse.not短语置于句首a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact.b. Not a moment did she waste on campus.c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive.no短语置于句首a. By no means should he be left alone.b. In no way are can we allow this to continue.c. In no case are you to leave your post.d. On no account should we follow blindly.e. Under no circumstances can we create or destroy energy.f. No longer are they staying with us.g. No sooner had she finished the poem than the students began go ask her questions.only置于句首a. Only by this means is it possible to explain his failure to act decisively.b. Only after making investigation can we have the right to speak.c. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.比较状语从句中的倒装a. He ran as fast as did the person who came from England.b. I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.c. The greater the number of the free electrons in a material, the better isthe conductivity of the material.让步状语从句中的倒装a. Small as atoms, electrons are still smaller.b. Complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was invented in Chinaover 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device.c. Hard as I tried to explain it to him, he still didn’t understand.d. Much as I disagree with you, I yet respect you.e. Vague though its category (is), it is without doubt an essay.f. Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.四、考研英语长难句之被动语态1.变为汉语的主动形式e.g. In his attitude can be found seeds for art in the 20th century: the art of the primitive, of symbol, and of imagination.e.g. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be tested either with theconsideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.e.g. On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.e.g. In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.2.被动结构的表语化，可译为：“是…的”，“由…的”等。
