医学专业英语词汇——Combining Form词根词缀

医学词汇的四个基本组成一、什么是医学术语？Medicalterminology is language that is used to accurately describe the human body andassociated components,conditions,processes and procedures in a science-basedmanner.It is to be used in the medical and nursing fields.【1】医学术语是一门语言，它以科学为基础的方式用来精确描述人体和与之相关的部分、条件、过程和程序。

它用于医学和护理领域。

二、学习医学术语的宗旨【2】Analyze words by dividing theminto component parts.通过划分构词成分来分析单词。

Relate the medical terms to thestructure and function of the human body.将医学术语与人体的解剖结构和功能相联系。

Be aware of spelling and pronunciationproblems.注意拼写和发音问题。

三、单词构成的常见公式词根+连接元音+后缀或词根+连接元音+词根+连接元音+后缀四、医学术语的重要成分词根（root）：单词的基础（the foundation of the word）。

每个医学术语必有一个或更多。

后缀（suffix）：单词的结尾（word ending）。

每个医学术语必有一个后缀。

前缀（prefix）：单词的开头（word beginning）。

并非每个医学术语都有前缀。

连接元音（combining vowel）：通常是o,连接词根与词缀或词根与词根。

构词成分（combining form）：由词根和连接元音组成（root+combining vowel=COMBINING FORM）。

医学英语词根词缀表a 前缀无ab 前缀从...离开acantho 词根棘，刺acetabulo 词根髋臼acouo 词根听觉acro 词根顶，肢acromio 词根肩峰ad 前缀向...靠近，到...上adeno 词根腺adipo 词根脂肪的adreno 词根肾上腺aero 词根气agglutino 词根凝集agra 后缀严重的疼痛albo 前缀白algesi 词根痛觉的感受algia 后缀痛alveolo 词根肺泡alveolo 词根牙槽amnio 词根羊膜amphi 前缀两侧ampullo 词根壶腹amylo 词根淀粉an 前缀无ana 前缀向上，重回到andro 词根雄aneurysmo 词根异常扩大angino 词根阻塞ano 词根肛门ante 前缀在前anti 前缀抗aorto 词根主动脉apico 词根顶apo 前缀离去，从appendico 词根阑尾appendo 词根阑尾aquo 词根水arterio 词根动脉arteriolo 词根小动脉arthro 词根关节articulo 词根关节ase 后缀酶astro 词根星atelo 词根不完全的，有缺陷的athero 词根脂肪堆积atrio 词根腔audio 词根听觉auro 词根耳auro 词根金auto 前缀自axio 词根轴balano 词根龟头bary 前缀重、压baso 词根碱bi 前缀双，倍bili 词根胆汁blast 后缀母细胞blepharo 词根睑brachy 词根短bronchio 词根支气管bronchiolo 词根细支气管broncho 词根支气管bucco 词根颊bulbo 词根球部burso 词根滑液囊caco 词根坏calcaneo 词根跟骨calci 词根钙capillo 词根非常小的血管capnia 后缀二氧化碳carcino 词根癌carcinoma 后缀癌cardio 词根心carpo 词根腕cata 前缀向下cautero 词根燃烧ceco 词根盲肠cele 后缀突出、积水celio 词根腹cemento 词根牙骨质centesis 后缀穿刺术centi 前缀百分之一cerebello 词根小脑cerebro 词根大脑cerumino 词根耵聍cervico 词根颈cervico 词根颈，宫颈cheilo 词根唇chemo 词根化学chlorhydro 词根盐酸chloro 前缀绿chole 词根胆汁cholecysto 词根胆囊choledocho 词根总胆管chondro 词根软骨chorio 词根绒膜chromo 词根颜色cineo 词根活动circum 前缀环行clasis 后缀破裂clast 后缀破坏用器械claviculo 词根锁骨cleisis 后缀关闭clysis 后缀洗co 前缀与...在一起cocco 词根球菌coccygo 词根尾骨cochleo 词根耳蜗collo 词根胶colo 词根结肠colpo 词根阴道conjunctivo 词根结膜contra 前缀反，对抗coreo 词根瞳孔，虹膜corneo 词根角，角膜corono 词根冠costo 词根肋cranio 词根颅骨crine 后缀分泌cryo 词根冷crypto 词根隐藏culdo 词根囊袋、窝cuti 词根皮肤cyano 前缀蓝cyclo 词根环cyeso 词根妊娠cysto 词根膀胱，囊cyte 后缀细胞dacryo 词根眼泪dactylo 词根指头de 前缀去denti 词根牙齿dentino 词根牙本质dermato 词根皮肤dermo 词根皮肤di 前缀双，倍dia 前缀通过diaphoro 词根汗diaphragmato 词根膈diaphragmo 词根膈diplo 前缀双，倍dipso 词根渴dis 前缀离开duodeno 词根十二指肠dys 前缀坏，痛，困难ectasia 后缀扩张ectasis 后缀扩张ecto 前缀外ectomy 后缀切除术ego 前缀我embryo 词根胚胎emeo 词根呕吐emia 后缀血的状况emia 后缀血emphraxis 后缀梗阻en 前缀内encephalo 词根脑endo 前缀内部entero 词根小肠epi 前缀外，上epididymo 词根附睾epiglotto 词根会厌episio 词根外阴ergo 词根工作，能力erythro 前缀红esophago 词根食道esthesio 词根感觉eu 前缀好，正常eustachio 词根咽骨管ex 前缀在外，离开exo 前缀在...之外extra 前缀在外，超过fasciculo 词根束fascio 词根筋膜febri 词根发热feca 词根粪便femoro 词根股骨fero 词根传递，输送ferro 词根铁fibrino 词根纤维素fibro 词根纤维fibro 词根纤维fibulo 词根腓骨fistulo 词根瘘folliculo 词根小腔，囊galacto 词根乳gameto 词根配子ganglio 词根神经节gangliono 词根神经节gastro 词根胃genito 词根生殖器gero 词根年龄geronto 词根年龄geusia 后缀味gingivo 词根牙龈glauco 前缀灰绿glio 词根胶质，粘globo 词根球glomerulo 词根小球glosso 词根舌gluco 词根糖glyco 词根糖gnatho 词根颌gnosis 后缀知识gonado 词根性腺gono 词根生殖器gram 后缀记录granulo 词根结节graph 后缀记录graphy 后缀记录gravido 词根妊娠gyneco 词根女性halo 词根盐haplo 前缀单hebe 前缀青年hecto 前缀百helcosis 后缀溃疡形成hemato 词根血hemi 前缀半hemo 词根血hepato 词根肝hernio 词根疝hidro 词根汗histo 词根组织holo 词根整个humero 词根肱骨hyalo 词根透明的hydro 词根水hyper 前缀超过，高hypno 词根睡眠hypo 前缀低hystero 词根子宫ia 后缀状况iatrics 后缀愈合iatry 后缀愈合ictero 词根黄疸idio 词根自己ileo 词根回肠ilio 词根髂骨immuno 词根免疫in 前缀在内in 前缀不in 后缀素incudo 词根砧骨infra 前缀在下ino 词根纤维inter 前缀在...之间intra 前缀在内iono 词根离子ionto 词根离子irido 词根虹膜iro 词根虹膜ischio 词根坐骨ism 后缀状况iso 词根异，相等ist 后缀者itis 后缀炎ium 后缀部分jejuno 词根空肠kal 词根钾karyo 词根核kerato 词根角质，硬kerato 词根角膜kilo 前缀千kinesia 后缀移动kleisis 后缀关闭klepto 词根偷窃kypho 词根驼背labio 词根唇labyrintho 词根迷路lacrimo 词根眼泪，泪小管lalia 后缀言语lamino 词根椎板laparo 词根腹壁laryngo 词根喉leuko 前缀白linguo 词根舌lipo 词根脂肪lithiasis 后缀结石litho 词根石lobo 词根叶logist 后缀学者logy 后缀学科lordo 词根弯曲luco 词根光，透明lumbo 词根腰lympho 词根淋巴lysis 后缀溶解malacia 后缀软化malleo 词根锤骨mammo 词根乳房mandibulo 词根下颌骨mania 后缀极端、强制、偏见masto 词根乳房maxillo 词根上颌骨mediastino 词根纵隔megalo 词根大melano 前缀黑meningio 词根脑膜meningo 词根脑膜meno 词根月经mento 词根颏mento 词根精神、心理mero 词根部分mesentero 词根肠系膜meso 词根中间的meta 前缀超过，在后metacarpo 词根掌骨metatarso 词根柘骨meter 后缀测量工具metro 词根子宫metry 后缀测量micro 词根微milli 前缀千分之一mono 前缀单muco 词根粘液multi 前缀多musculo 词根肌肉muto 词根变化，突变myco 词根真菌myelino 词根髓myelo 词根脊髓，骨髓myo 词根肌肉myoso 词根肌肉myringo 词根耳鼓narco 词根麻木naso 词根鼻natri 词根钠necro 词根死亡neo 词根新nephro 词根肾neuro 词根神经nigro 前缀黑nodo 词根结nucleo 词根核obstetrico 词根产科occluso 词根牙（牙合）oculo 词根眼odonto 词根牙齿odynia 后缀痛oid 后缀象...样的olecrano 词根肘oligo 词根少oma 后缀瘤omento 词根网膜omphalo 词根脐onco 词根肿瘤，块onycho 词根甲，甲床ooo 词根卵子oophoro 词根卵巢ophthalmo 词根眼opia 后缀视觉or 后缀器具，者orchido 词根睾丸orexi 词根食欲oro 词根口orrhagia 后缀大量流出orrhaphy 后缀缝合术orrhea 后缀流出、分泌orrhexis 后缀破裂ortho 词根直的osis 后缀病理状况osteo 词根骨ostomy 后缀造口或吻合oto 词根耳ous 后缀含...的，分泌...的ovario 词根卵巢ovo 词根卵子oxo 词根氧oxy 词根氧palato 词根腭pallio 词根减轻palpebro 词根睑pancreato 词根胰腺papillo 词根乳头状突起par(t)o 词根娩出para 前缀旁，异parasympathetico 词根副交感parasympathico 词根副交感parasympatho 词根副交感parathyroido 词根甲状旁腺patello 词根髌骨pathy 后缀病理状况pelvo 词根骨盆penia 后缀不足peno 词根阴茎pento 前缀五pepsi 词根消化pepti 词根消化per 前缀通过peri 前缀周围perineo 词根会阴peritoneo 词根腹膜pexy 后缀固定phaco 词根晶体phago 词根吞噬phalango 词根指骨phallo 词根阴茎pharmaco 词根药pharyngo 词根咽pharyngo 词根咽philo 词根嗜phlebo 词根静脉phobia 后缀害怕photo 词根光，透明phrenia 后缀精神、心理phrenico 词根膈神经phreno 词根膈phylaxis 后缀保卫physis 后缀生长pilo 词根毛发pinealo 词根松果体plasia 后缀形成plasm 后缀形成的东西plasmo 词根浆plasty 后缀成形plegia 后缀麻痹pleuro 词根胸膜pnea 后缀呼吸pneumo 词根气，肺pneumono 词根气，肺podo 词根足poiesis 后缀产生polio 前缀灰白poly 前缀多polypo 词根息肉post 前缀在后pre 前缀在前pro 前缀在后procto 词根肛门和直肠pros 前缀到，靠近，附上prostato 词根前列腺prostho 词根假牙，义肢pseudo 词根假psycho 词根精神、心理ptosis 后缀下垂ptyalo 词根唾液ptyo 词根唾液pubio 词根耻骨pubo 词根耻骨pulmo 词根肺pulmono 词根肺pupillo 词根瞳孔pyelo 词根肾盂pyloro 词根幽门pyo 词根脓pyro 词根热quadri 前缀四quarto 前缀四rachio 词根脊柱radico 词根根治radio 词根桡骨radio 词根放射ramo 词根分支recto 词根直肠reno 词根肾reticulo 词根网retino 词根视网膜retro 词根向后rhino 词根鼻roentgeno 词根X线rub 前缀红saccharo 词根糖sacculo 词根小囊sacro 词根骶骨saliva 词根唾液salpingo 词根管salpingo 词根管，输卵管sarco 词根肉sarco 词根肉瘤sarcoma 后缀肉瘤scapulo 词根肩胛schesis 后缀抑制排出schizo 词根分裂schizo 词根分裂sclero 词根巩膜sclerosis 后缀硬化scolio 词根弯曲scope 后缀镜scopy 后缀镜检查scroto 词根阴囊sebo 词根油脂seco 词根切semi 前缀半semino 词根精子septo 词根腐败sero 词根血清sialadeno 词根唾液腺sialo 词根唾液sidero 词根铁sigmoido 词根乙状结肠silico 词根硅sino 词根窦somato 词根体somni 词根睡眠sono 词根声sopori 词根沉睡spasmo 词根痉挛spermato 词根精子spermo 词根精子sphinctero 词根括约肌sphygmo 词根脉搏spiro 词根呼吸splanchno 词根内脏spleno 词根脾spondylo 词根椎骨stapedo 词根镫骨staphylo 词根束stasis 后缀制止、停止stasis 后缀停止steato 词根脂肪stenosis 后缀狭窄stereo 词根立体sterno 词根胸骨stero 词根固stetho 词根胸stomato 词根口sub 前缀在下submaxillo 词根下颌骨succo 词根分泌sudoro 词根汗super 前缀在上supra 前缀高于surgery 后缀外科surgico 词根外科sympathetico 词根交感sympathico 词根交感sympatho 词根交感syn 前缀合成syndesmo 词根韧带synovio 词根滑液tacho 词根快速talo 词根踝，距骨tarso 词根踝，跗骨taxis 后缀排列tel 词根远的tele 词根远的tendino 词根腱tendo 词根腱teno 词根腱terato 词根畸胎testo 词根睾丸tetra 前缀四thalamo 词根丘脑therapy 后缀治疗thio 词根硫thoraco 词根胸thrombo 词根凝thymo 词根胸腺thyro 词根甲状腺thyroido 词根甲状腺tibio 词根胫骨toco 词根出生，分娩tome 后缀切开器具tomy 后缀切开术tono 词根紧张度tono 词根紧张tonsillo 词根扁桃体topo 词根地方toxico 词根毒toxo 词根毒trachelo 词根子宫颈tracheo 词根气管trans 前缀通过，穿过tri 前缀三tricho 词根毛发triplo 前缀三tripsy 后缀压碎tropin 后缀激素tubulo 词根小管tumo 词根肿瘤，肿胀tussi 词根咳嗽tympano 词根鼓室ulno 词根尺骨ultra 前缀超umbilico 词根脐unguo 词根甲，爪uni 前缀单uretero 词根输尿管urethro 词根尿道uria 后缀尿uro 词根尿utero 词根子宫utriculo 词根小囊uvulo 词根悬雍垂vagino 词根阴道vago 词根迷走神经valvo 词根瓣varico 词根扭曲的静脉vaso 词根血管vaso 词根输精管veno 词根静脉ventriculo 词根脑室ventro 词根腹侧venulo 词根小静脉verruco 词根疣vertebro 词根椎骨vesico 词根膀胱vesiculo 词根精囊vestibulo 词根中耳的中部viro 词根病毒vito 词根生命vulvo 词根外阴xantho 前缀黄zoo 词根生物。

医学英语情景实用指南Section 4 The Secret to learning Medical English VocabularyUnit 1 Basic Patterns of Word Formation学习医学英语构词法是扩大医学英语词汇量最有效的方法之一。

大部分医学词汇都是词根（root/stem/base）、前缀（prefix）、后缀（suffix）和结合元音（combining vowels）的各种不同组合。

词根，也可以称作词干，是组成一个单词的最基本要素和主干，是一个单词的根本部分。

它具有确定的意义，表示一个单词的基本意思。

词根是同根词共有的可以辨认出来的部分。

有的词根可以单独作为一个词使用。

在大多数情况下，词根通过在它前后加上前缀或后缀而衍生出多种不同的派生词。

例如，nephro-和hepato都是词根，意思分别是肾脏和肝。

它们与后面括号里不同的后缀（-itis炎症，-oma瘤，-oid类似的，-pathy病，-algia 疼痛，-tomy切开术，-ectomy切除术）结合在一起，就会衍生出下面一系列不同的派生词：nephritis肾炎，nephroma肾瘤，nephroid类似肾脏的，nephropathy肾脏病，nephralgia肾痛，nephrotomy肾切开术，nephrectomy肾切除术，hepatosis肝病，hepatoma肝瘤，hepatoid 类肝的，hepatopathy肝病，hepatalgia肝痛，hepatomy肝切开术，hepatectomy肝切除术。

前缀一般置于词根或者单词的前部，具有一定的含义，起到限定词根或者单词意义的作用，它可以增加、改变或者加强一个词根或者单词的意义。

同一词根或单词前面加上不同的前缀，就可构成意义不同的新单词；而后缀则置于词根或者单词的后部，其作用是提供该词的附加意义，并确定该词的词性。

后缀一般包括名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀等;结合元音大多数情况下为字母o，有时也用i，其作用只是连接词根与词根，或者词根与词缀。

•a-[无，缺]▲anemia[贫血]▲ atonia[无张力]▲ asymptomatic[无症状的]▲ amenorrhea[闭经]•ab-[分离]▲ abduct [外展]▲ abscision[切除]•acou (acu)-[听觉]▲ acumeter [听力计]▲ acouophone[助听器]•acro-[肢端]▲ acromegaly[肢端肥大症]▲ acromastitis[乳头炎]•ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上]▲ adrenal [肾上腺]▲ adaxial[近轴的]▲ annexa[附件]•-ad[……侧]▲ ventrad[向腹侧]▲ cephalad[向头侧]•adeno-[腺]▲ adenocyte[腺细胞]▲ adenoidism[腺体病]•adipo-[脂肪]▲ adiposis[肥胖症]▲ adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] •adreno-[肾上腺]▲adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]▲ adrenalin[肾上腺素]▲ adrenal[肾上腺]•-aemia(emia)[血症]▲ bacteremia[菌血症]▲ leukemia[白血病]•-albi (albino)-[白色]▲ albumin[白蛋白]▲ albinism[白化病]•-algesia[痛觉]▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]•-algia[痛]▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛]▲neuralgia[神经痛] •alkali-[碱]▲alkalosis[碱中毒]•alveo-[牙槽，小沟]▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎]•ambi-[复，双]▲ ambiopia[复视]▲ ambivert[双重性格]•ambly-[弱]▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]•amylo-[淀粉]▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]▲amylase[淀粉酶]•angio-[血管]▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎]▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]•ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的]▲anteflexion[前屈]•antero-[前]▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧]•anti-[抗，反]▲antibiotics[抗生素]▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]•rarchno-[蛛网膜]▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]•archo-[肛门，直肠]▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]•arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化]•arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]▲arthritis[关节炎]•-ase[酶]▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶]•-asthenia[无力]▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]•audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计]•auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫]▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法]•bacilli-[杆菌]▲bacillosis[杆菌病]▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]医学全在.线提供•bacterio-[细菌]▲bacteriology[细菌学]▲bactericide[杀菌剂]•baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计]▲baroreceptor[压力感受器]•bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清]▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]•bi-[双]▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]▲bilateral[两侧的]•bili-[胆汁]▲bilirubin[胆红素]•bio-[生命]▲biology[生物学]▲biopsy[活检]•-blast[母细胞]▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]•brachy-[短]▲brachypnea[气短]▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]•brady-[迟缓]▲bradycardia[心动过缓]▲bradypsychia[精神不振]•broncho-[支气管]▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎] •bronchiolo-[细支气管]▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] •calci-[钙]▲calcification[钙化]▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] •carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] •carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物]•cardio-[心，贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂]▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]•-cele[疝，肿物]▲omphalocele[脐疝]▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] •celio-[腹]▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]•-centesis[穿刺]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] •cephalo-[头]▲cephaloxia[斜颈]▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] •cerebello-[小脑]▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑]•cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎]▲cerebrology[脑学]•chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗]•chloro-[绿，氯]▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] •cholangio-[胆道]▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] •cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇]•chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]▲chondrification[骨软化]•chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素]▲chromosome[染色体]•-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂]▲aborticide[堕胎药]•circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术]•coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂]•colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]•colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colposcope[阴道镜]•con tra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药]•counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]•cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化]▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]•-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊]•-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]•de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒]•dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛]•-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术]•dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心]▲dexiotropic[右旋的]•di s-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法]•duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术]•-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]•dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良]▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]▲dysuria[排尿困难]医学全在线•-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张]•-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]•-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]•-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血]▲helminthemesia[吐虫]•encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤]▲encephaledema[脑水肿]•endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜]•entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]▲enterovirus[肠病毒]•epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部]•erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素]▲erythroderma[红皮病] •esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜]▲esophagitis[食管炎] •extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的]▲extrasystole[额外收缩] •facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] •-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线]•febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] •feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] •fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化]•fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额]•-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] •fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] •gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]•-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素]▲Estrogen[雌激素]•-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] •giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症]•gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎]▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎]•glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪]•gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素]•glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲glycouria[糖尿]•-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计]▲retrograde[逆行性]•-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图]•-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图]▲bronchography[支气管造影术]•gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病]•hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白]▲hematoma[血肿]•hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病]•hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大]•hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症]•histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学]•holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻]▲holoenzyme[全酶]•homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物]▲homoplasty[同种移植术]•hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水]▲hydrolysis [水解]•hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症]▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢]•hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法]•hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压]▲hypoglycemia[低血糖]•hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]•-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]▲pyrexia[发热]•-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学]•-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学]•immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]•infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的]▲infrared[红外线]•inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的]•intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的]▲intracranial[颅内的]▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]•-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家]▲anatomist[解剖学家]•-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎]▲myocarditis[心肌炎] •leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带]▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病]•lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶]•-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] •-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] •lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的]▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] •lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少]•-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术]▲spasmolytic[解痉的] •macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] •mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良]▲malfunction[功能不全] •-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大]▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] •meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎]•meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经]▲menopause[停经] •-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计]▲pyrometer[高温表]•-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法]•micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]▲microliter[微升]•mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多]▲monomer[单体]•multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇]•myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出]▲myelocyte[髓细胞]•myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎]▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]•naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎]•neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]▲neomycin[新霉素]•nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变]•neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质]▲nonfetal[非致命的]•nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇]•nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学]•oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]▲oculus dexter[右眼]▲oculus sinister[左眼]•oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿]•-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]▲osteoma[骨瘤]•onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因]医.学全在.线提供•ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹]•-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]▲mycosis[霉菌病]•osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化]▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎]•oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术]▲otopyosis[耳化脓]•pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛]▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良]•-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇]•-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病]▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病]•pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师]▲pediatrics[儿科学]•-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少]▲thrombopenia[血小板减少]•per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的]•peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎]▲perianal[肛周的]•pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]▲physicochemistry[药典]•physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗]▲physicochemistry[物理化学]•-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术]▲homoplasty[同种移植]▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] •-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]•pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎]▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术]•-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] •pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] •poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] •post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后]•pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期]▲premature[早搏]▲preload[前负荷]•pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] •psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学]▲psychiatry[精神病学]•-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] •-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血]•pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]▲pyosis[化脓]•radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗]▲radiology[放射学]•recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎]▲rectectomy[直肠切除术]•retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎]▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离]•rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]•-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]•-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术]•-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]▲menorrhea[月经]•schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossia[舌裂]•scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病]▲scirrhoma[硬癌]•sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计]•-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器]▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法]•semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]▲semiliquid[半流汁]•spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病]▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]医.学全,在.线,提供•-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术]•sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的]•super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的]▲superoxide[超氧化物]•supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的]▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进]•tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]•-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗]•thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学]•thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血]•-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术]▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术]•tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血]•trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道]▲transfusion[输血]•-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良]▲atrophy[萎缩]•ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声]•utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜]▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]•vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩]▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂]1．人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao- cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liver hepato- hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleen splen- splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血blood hemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体body somato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝blue cyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙orange Victoria orange/ethylorange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis -oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopeni a小/微-let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronu cleus大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph age-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatome galy复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemi c6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermi a结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

医学词根词缀1.acu-针，尖锐（needle）acu puncture 针刺疗法2.an-否定前缀(without,upward) anallergic 非过敏性的3.ant(i)-反抗，反对（against，rival）antibody抗体4.arthr(o)- 关节（joint）arthropathy关节病5.arteri(o)-动脉（artery）arteriovenous动静脉；动静脉的6.angi(o)-血管（blood vessel）angiogenesis血管再生术7.abdomin(o)-腹部(abdomen, belly) abdominaglia腹痛8.adren(o)- 肾上腺(adrenal) adrenalin肾上腺素9.abort(o)-流产( misbirth) aborticide堕胎；堕胎药10.aug- 增加(increase)augmentation增进；展开；扩张；加重11.angi(o)-血管（blood vessel）angiogenesis血管再生术12.aort(o)-主动脉瓣(aortic vaives) aortography 主动脉X光摄影术13.atri(o)- 心房(auricle) atrial心房的14.appendico- 附件（appendix）appendicostomy阑尾造口术15.anaphylact(o)-过敏（allergy）anaphylactogen过敏原16.–ache疼痛（pain；ache；hurt）stomachache胃痛，腹痛B1. bacteri (o)-细菌的（bacteria）bacteriology细菌学2. bio-生物学的（biological）bioactive生物活性3. bronch(i)-支气管（bronchus）bronchitis支气管炎4. brady-缓慢，迟钝(slow) bradypnea呼吸过慢C1. cardi(o)- 心脏，贲门(cardiac ,heart) cardiovascular 心血管的2. chron-/chron(o)- 时间 (time)chron icity慢性3. chemo-化学，化学的（chemistry）chemotherapy化疗4. coron(o)- 冠状的coron ary artery冠状动脉5. chol(e)-胆固醇(bile)chole sterol胆固醇6. colo-（colon ）结肠colo nitis结肠炎7. chrom(o)- (color) 颜色chrom osome染色体8. con-共同，联合（with, together）con temporary同时代的9. circ-周围（around；circumference）circ umstance环境；情况10. cervic(o)- TCT宫颈(neck)cervic itis宫颈炎11. cyst- 囊，胞（cysto）cyst oscopy膀胱镜检12. cosmo-宇宙的（cosmos）cosmology宇宙学13. cranio- 颅骨，颅骨的(skull) craniotomy穿颅术，开颅术cranitis颅骨炎14. -cyte/cyt(o)-(cell) 细胞granulo cyte粒细胞15. -crine分泌(secrete) endo crine内分泌16. -cide杀伤者或杀(to kill) sui cide自杀D1. de-脱，去，缺（lack of, down, loss）de hydration脱水de ficiency 缺乏2. dia-通过，透过，分离dia meter直径；外径；3. dys-坏，不良（bad，unhealth）dys function功能紊乱4. dem(o)- 人；人口（people) democracy 民主E1. enter(o)- 小肠(small intestine) enterocyte肠上皮细胞2. end(o)-内腔；内部(inside,within) endoscopy内镜检查术3. esophag(o)-食管(esophagus)esophago tomy食管切开术4. embryo- 胚胎，胎儿（embryo）embryology胚胎学5. esthesi(o)-感觉（perception,sensation）esthesio logy感觉学6. extra-在外，额外（extra）extra ordinary非常的；不平常的7.ex- 在外，额外（extra）extraordinary非常的；不平常的8. epidemi(o)- (trendy)流行的epidemiology流行病学9. -emia (blood condition)血症leuk-emia白血病F1. fet(o)- 胎儿( fetus) fetus 胎儿，胎2. fibr(o)- 纤维（fiber）fibroblast成纤维细胞3. fid-4. fer-G1. gluc(o)-/glyc(o)-葡萄糖(glucose,sugar)gluco protein糖蛋白2. gynec(o)- 女性，妇女(women, female) gynecologist 妇科医生3. gest(o)- 妊娠 (bear, carry young) gestation怀孕；怀孕期；受孕4. gene-基因；基因的（gene）genetherapy基因疗法5. gastr(o)- 胃，腹侧(stomach) gastroscop y胃镜检查法6. ger-年龄(age) geriatrist老年病专家7.-gen原，剂（agent，dose）-oxygen氧气,8.-gram图，像(to write,to mark) bronchogram支气管造影照片9.-graphy书写，记录，记录法（to mark,write）photography 摄影H1. hypo-低的（under, less）hypotension低血压2. hyper-高的（above, across,excessive）hypertension高血压3. hepat(o)- (liver) 肝hepatitis肝炎4. hipp(o)- 马；海马（horse）hippocampal adj.海马的5. hem(o)- / haem(o)-（blood）血haemolytic溶血的；溶血6. humor(o)-房水（aqueous fluid）aqueous humor房水I1. immun(o)- 免疫（protection,safe) immunology免疫学2. iatr(o)-医学的 (medicine) iatrology医学,治疗学3. intra-在……内(within) intravenous静脉内的4. in-否定，与…相反（not）incomplete不完全的5. intestin(o)- 肠的(intestine)intestinotoxin肠毒素6. ion-离子（ion）ionization离子化7. -in素 (agent )penicillin 青霉素8. -itis炎，炎症（inflammation）arthritis关节炎 carditis 心肌炎9. -ics (study,art,science,system)常用于学术用语后面ethics道德学10. -ize表示使成为；表示使…化standardize使标准化；用标准校检L1. leuk/leuc(o)- (white)白色leukocyte白细胞；白血球2. lymph(o)-(lymph) 淋巴lymph node淋巴结M1. micro-小（small，microscopic）microbiology微生物学2. meta-变化（metamorphosis，metathesis）metabolism新阵代谢3. ment(o)-精神，心理(mind，spirit)ment-al 精神的，心理的4. meta-变化 (change)metabolism 新陈代谢5. mal- 坏；不良；错误 ( poor) malfunction 功能障碍，机能失常6. metr(o)- 子宫（uterus) metritis子宫炎7. myel(o)- (marrow)脊髓，骨髓myelitis脊髓炎，骨髓炎8. men(o)- 月经，月份(menstruation,month) menstruate 月经来潮9. matur(o)- (ripe；adult)成熟的maturation 化脓，成熟10. matern(o)- 母的，母体的 (of a mother)maternity产科；产妇的11. multi- 多种，多个（multiple）multitude多数；众多；大量12. mini- 小（small）minimum最小值；最小的13.mammo- 乳房（breast）mammoplasty乳房成形术14.malari-疟疾（malaria；ague）malarial mosquito疟蚊15.morph-形，形体，形态(shape；form) morphology形态学N1. nerv-/neur(o)-神经 (nerve) neuron 神经元2. nucleo-（nucleus）核，核素 nucleolus核仁3. necr(o)-与死亡或尸体、死亡的细胞或组织有关的（necrotic tissue）necromancy死灵术O1. oste(o)- 骨（bone）osteolysis骨质溶解2. oma-肿瘤(tumor) sarc-oma肉瘤3. ov(o)-/ ovari(o)-卵巢(ovary) ovariopathy卵巢病4. onco- 肿瘤、肿胀或肿块（onco）oncology肿瘤学5. oestr(o)-/ estr(o)- 雌性的(female) estrogenic hormone雌激素6. obes(o)- 肥胖(fat)obesitas肥胖，多脂7. obstetr(o/i)-产科( maternity department)obstetrics产科专家8. orth(o)- 直的，正常的（straight）orthobiosis正常生活9.-osis 状态，病态（condition，diseased）10. –oid相似的 (similar)anthrop oid似人类的；类猿的11. -(o)logy ...论，...学，...科（the science thestudy of）cytology 细胞学12.-ol醇或酚alcohol酒精13.-on化合物，基本粒子（chemical compound;elementary particle）electron电子 neuron神经元P1.paed-,ped-儿童（children）pediatrics 儿科学2. pulmo-（pulmonary）与肺有关的pulmonology肺脏学3. pregn(o)- (gamic)孕，妊娠pregnancy怀孕，怀孕期4. psych(o)- (mental；mind)心理psychiatrist精神病医生5. peri-周围；邻近 (around,surrounding)period 时期，周期6. pancreat(o)-胰（腺）(pancreas) pancreat-itisn. 胰腺炎7.physi(o)- 自然，生理（nature) physiocracy自然疗法physiometry生理功能测试8.phleb(o)-静脉(vein) phlebitis静脉炎9.parasit(o)-寄生物（guest；inquiline）parasitology寄生虫学10.phag(o)-吞噬（engulf）phagocyte吞噬细胞11.poly-多的，多个的，多于一的(many things or types)polyclinics 综合性诊所12.-pathy 患病状态或疾病；无感情13. -puncture穿刺，刺伤 acupuncture针刺疗法14 .-penia减少（deficiency）erythropenia红细胞减少15.-plasty（plastic surgery）整形术，整复术osteoplasty骨成形术R1.re-一再；反复；又（angin）reappear（消失后再次出现）2.recto-（rectum) 直肠rectoscope 直肠镜3.radi(o)-线，射线（ray）radioactive放射性的4.reno- 肾脏（kidney） renal stone肾结石5.-rrhea流出，溢出（spill；overflow）rhinorrhea鼻液溢；流鼻涕S1. ster(o)-,stere(o)- ster(o)-,stere(o)-:固体（solid）steroid 类固醇2. sen-老的 (old) senior 年长的；高级的3. semin(o)-(seed )种子,精液 semin-ation受精4. spec-(look kind)外观,种类,特别specialize专攻,专门研究,专业化5. scler(o)- 硬化（sclerosis；harden）sclerotherapy硬化疗法6. sub-在…之下，在…下面，亚(under) subclavian在锁骨下的 subhealth亚健康subcellular亚细胞的7. -some 体（body）monosome单染色体nanosome侏儒症T1.tars(o)- 跗骨，跗；睑板（ankle) tarsal2.trans-穿、越、超（through）transfer转移3.tox-毒（poison) toxin 毒素4.tachy-速，快速(fast) tachycardia心动过速5.tomo- 切割部分，部分（a cutting part,part）6.tri- 表示“三”之义；三次；三组（three） triangular 三角形7. -therapy疗法(treatment,remedy)chemo-therapy化疗U1. urin(o)- (urine)尿urinology 泌尿学2. ultra- 过度，超，限外（excess；over）ultrasound超声；超声波3. ulcer-溃疡（ulcer）ulceration溃疡V1. vas(o)-血管 (bloodvessel) vascular 血管的2. vagin(o)- vagina阴道vaginitis阴道炎3. valvul(o)-瓣，瓣膜(valve) valvular瓣膜的4. ventricul(o)-心室(ventricle) ventricular心室的5. vail-。

The Secret to learning Medical English VocabularyBasic Patterns of Word Formation学习医学英语构词法是扩大医学英语词汇量最有效的方法之一。

大部分医学词汇都是词根（root/stem/base）、前缀（prefix）、后缀（suffix）和结合元音（combining vowels）的各种不同组合。

词根，也可以称作词干，是组成一个单词的最基本要素和主干，是一个单词的根本部分。

它具有确定的意义，表示一个单词的基本意思。

词根是同根词共有的可以辨认出来的部分。

有的词根可以单独作为一个词使用。

在大多数情况下，词根通过在它前后加上前缀或后缀而衍生出多种不同的派生词。

例如，nephro-和hepato都是词根，意思分别是肾脏和肝。

它们与后面括号里不同的后缀（-itis炎症，-oma瘤，-oid类似的，-pathy病，-algia疼痛，-tomy切开术，-ectomy切除术）结合在一起，就会衍生出下面一系列不同的派生词：nephritis肾炎，nephroma肾瘤，nephroid类似肾脏的，nephropathy肾脏病，nephralgia 肾痛，nephrotomy肾切开术，nephrectomy肾切除术，hepatosis肝病，hepatoma肝瘤，hepatoid类肝的，hepatopathy肝病，hepatalgia肝痛，hepatomy肝切开术，hepatectomy肝切除术。

前缀一般置于词根或者单词的前部，具有一定的含义，起到限定词根或者单词意义的作用，它可以增加、改变或者加强一个词根或者单词的意义。

同一词根或单词前面加上不同的前缀，就可构成意义不同的新单词；而后缀则置于词根或者单词的后部，其作用是提供该词的附加意义，并确定该词的词性。

后缀一般包括名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀等;结合元音大多数情况下为字母o，有时也用i，其作用只是连接词根与词根，或者词根与词缀。

1．人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao - cardial cardium/ carditis/ cardiology脑brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/ encephalitis/ encephalology肺lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/ pulmonectomy/ pulmonology肝liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/ hepatobiliary/ hepatology胃stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/ gastrointestinal/ gastrology胆gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/ cholinergic/ cholecystectomy 肠intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/ enterectomy/ enterology脾spleen splen- splenic splenitis/ splenectomy/ splenology胰pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/ pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro- renal/ nephric nephritis/ nephropathy/ nephrology．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/ hemoglobin/ hematoma血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/ cardiovasology/ verebrovascular 静脉vein veno- venography/ intravenous/ venoconstriction 动脉artery arterio- arteriology/ arteriole/ arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo- mycology/ myositis/ myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/ myelitis/ myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/ neuritis/ neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/ cytoma/ leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur- urology/ urosurgery/ urogenital体body somato-/some somatology/ somatopsychic/ chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni- monomer/ monoclone/ carbon monoxide/ unidirectional 二bi-/di- bilateral/ biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三tri- trilateral/ triphasic/ trigeminal nerve四tetra- tetramer/ tetracycline/ tetraplegia五penta- pentagon/ pentachromic/ pentachloride六hexa- hexachromic/ benzene hexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七hepta- heptachromic/ heptaploid/ heptavalent八octa- octahedral/ octal system九nona- nonapeptide/ nonagon十deca- d ecade/ decagram/ decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/ chromatin/ chromatometer红red erythro- erythrocyte/ erythrocyturia/ erythrometer白white leuko- leukocyte/ leukemia/ leukocytuira黑black melano- melena/ melanoma/ melanoderma黄yellow xantho- xanthopsin/ xanthosis/ xanthoma绿green棕brown brown mixture/ brown ring橙orange Victoria orange/ ethyl orange/ orange G 粉红pink oink frothy sputum绯红crimson青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/ cyanopsia/ cyanemia紫violet/ purple注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho- pathogen/ pathology/ pathogenesis/ -pathy -pathic neuropathy/ nephropathy/ adenopathy病态-osis –otic neurosis/ tuberculosis/ schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytosis减少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/ erythrocytopenia/ granulocytopenia无a-/an- atypical/ anuria/ agranulocytopenia小/微-let droplet/ platelet/ leafletmicro- microscopy/ microorganism/ micronucleus大/巨macro- macroscopic/ macronucleus/ macrophage -megaly splenomegaly/ acromegaly/ hepatomegaly复合/多poly- polyuria/ polymer/ polyopia全/泛pan- pancolectomy/ panmyelosis/ pandemic6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反dis- disease/ disorder/ disability困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/ dyspepsia/ dyspnea不良mal- malfunction/ malnutrition/ malpractice炎症-itis appendicitis/ bronchitis/ arthritis瘤/块-oma lymphoma/ adenoma/ hematoma血症-emia leukemia/ septisemia/ bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/ hypoalgesia/ algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/ pamplegia/ myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis /necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ necrospermia结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/ subclavicular/ subcutaneous前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- /pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ precirrhosis后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial间between inter- intermuscular/ intercostal/ intercourse旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal周around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum中心central centri-/centra- /centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus 反/对opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ contraindication注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内; in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomy appendectomy/ gastrectomy/ splenectomy切开-tomy tracheotomy/ hysterotomy/ craniotomy切（割）-tome tracheotome/ thoracotome吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/ gastroesophagostomy成形术-plasty tracheoplasty/ osteoplasty/ myoplasty整（矫）形ortho- orthopedics/ orthopod/ orthotherapy造影-graphy angiography/ nephrography/ phlebography 经…trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

Common PrefixesNumber PrefixesCommon SuffixesSurgical SuffixesProcedural SuffixesCombining Forms Commonly Used in Integumentary System Combining form Meaning Exampleadip/o fat adiposealbin/o white albinismcaus/o burn, burning causalgia cutane/o skin subcutaneous derm/o skin epidermis dermat/o skin dermatitis disphor/o profuse sweating diaphoresis hidr/o sweat anhidrosis ichthy/o scaly, dry ichthyosis kerat/o hard, horny tissue keratosisleuk/o white leukoplakialip/o fat lipomamelan/o black melanocyte myc/o fungus dermatomycosis onych/o nail onycholysispil/o hair pilosebaceous rhytid/o wrinkle rhytidoplasty seb/o oil seborrheatrich/o hair trichomycosis xanth/o yellow xanthoma Suffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-derma skin scleroderma-opsy view of biopsy-plakia a plate leukoplakia-tome instrument used to cut dermatomeCombining Forms Commonly Used in Musculoskeletal SystemCombining form Meaning Examplearthr/o joint arthrocentesisarticul/o joint articulationburs/o sac bursitischondr/o cartilage chondroplastycost/o rib costectomycrani/o skull craniotomymyel/o bone marrow myelitisorth/o straight orthopedicsoste/o bone osteoporosisspondyl/o vertebra,backbone spondylarthritisthorac/o chest thoracicvertebr/o vertebra,backbone intervertebralfasci/o fascia fasciorrhaphymy/o muscle electromyogramten/o tendon tenodyniatend/o tendon tendotomytendin/o tendon tendinitisSuffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-kinesia movement dyskinesia-porosis porous osteoporosis-trophy development hypertrophy-malacia abnormal softening osteomalacia Combining form Meaning Exampleangi/o vessel angioplastyaort/o aorta aortic stenosisarter/o, arteri/o artery arteriosclerosisather/o yellowish plaque, fatty substance atherosclerosisatri/o atrium, upper heart chamber atrioventricularcardi/o heart cardiomyopathy cholesterol/o cholesterol hypercholesterolemiacorn/o heart coronary arteries cyan/o blue cyanosisox/o oxygen hypoxiapericardi/o pericardium pericardiocentesis phleb/o vein phlebotomy rrhythm/o rhythm arrhythmia sphygm/o pulse sphygmomanometer steth/o chest stethoscope thromb/o clot thrombolysis valvul/o, valv/o valve valvuloplastyvas/o vessel vasoconstriction vascul/o vessel vascularven/o vein venousventricul/o ventricle, lower heart chamber ventriculotomyMeaning Example Prefixbrady- slow bradycardiatachy- fast tachycardiaMeaning Example Suffix-manometer Instrument to measure pressure sphygmomanometer -ole small arteriole-sclerosis hardening arteriosclerosis-stenosis narrowing angiostenosis-tension pressure hypotension-ule small venuleCombining Forms Commonly Used in This System Combining form Meaning Exampleadenoid/o adenoids adenoidectomy alveol/o alveolus; air sac alveolarbronch/o bronchus bronchoscope bronchi/o bronchus bronchiectasis bronchiol/o bronchiole, small bronchiolitisBronchuscapn/o carbon dioxide acapniaepiglott/o epiglottis epiglottitislaryng/o larynx, voice box laryngospasmlob/o lobe lobectomymuc/o mucus mucusnas/o nose nasopharynxox/o oxygen anoxiapharyng/o pharynx pharyngeal tonsils pleur/o pleura pleurocentesis pneum/o air, lung pneumothorax pneumon/opulmon/o lung pulmonologyrhin/o nose rhinorrhagiasinus/o sinus, cavity pansinusitisspir/o breathing spirometertonsill/o tonsils tonsillectomy trache/o trachea, windpipe tracheotomythorac/o chest thoracalgia Suffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffixes Meaning Example-capnia carbon dioxide hypercapnia-ectasis stretching out, dilatation, bronchiectasisexpansion-emia blood condition hypoxemia-oxia oxygen anoxia-pnea breathing dyspneaChapter 7 Digestive systemCombining forms relating to the digestive systemCombining forms Meaning Examplean/o anus anusappend/o, appendic/o appendix appendectomy bucc/o cheek buccolabialcec/o cecum ileocecalcheil/o, labi/o lip cheilorrhaphy chol/e bile, gall cholelithiasis cholangi/o bile duct cholangiotomy cholecyst/o gallbladder cholecystogram choledoch/o common bile duct choledochectomy col/o, colon/o colon colectomydent/o, odont/o tooth orthodontics enter/o small intestine enteritisgastr/o stomach gastrodynia gingiv/o gums gingivectomy gloss/o tongue hypoglossal hepat/o liver hepatitislapar/o abdomen laparotomy lingu/o tongue sublinguallith/o stone lithotripsyor/o mouth oropharynx palat/o palate palatine pancreat/o pancreas pancreatitis pharyng/o pharynx pharyngodynia proct/o anus and rectum proctoptosisrect/o rectum rectalgiasial/o salivary gland sialolithstomat/o mouth stomatologySuffixes relating to the digestive systemSuffix Meaning Example-emisis vomit hematemesis-lithiasis condition of stones cholelithiasis-orexia appetite anorexia-ostomy surgically creating an opening colostomy-pepsia digestion dyspepsia-phagia eat, swallow polyphagia-prandial pertaing to a meal postprandial-tripsy surgical crushing lithotripsyChapter 8 Urinary SystemCombining form albumin/oazot/ocyst/oglomerul/o glycos/olith/omeat/onephr/onoct/ipyel/oren/our/oureter/ourethr/ourin/ovesic/o Meaningalbuminnitrogenbladderglomerulussugar, glucosestonemeatuskidneynightrenal pelviskidneyurineureter, urinary tubeurethraurinebladderExamplealbuminuriaazotemiacystitisglomerulonephritisglycosurialithotripsymeatorrhaphynephromalacianocturiapyelogramrenal transplanturemiaureterectasiaurethrostenosisurinalysisvesicorectalSuffix Meaning Example-lith stone nephrolith -ptosis drooping nephroptosis -tripsy surgical crushing lithotripsy -uria urine, urination hematuriaChapter 9 Reproductive System Combining Forms Relating to the Reproductive SystemChapter 10 Endocrine System Word Building Relating to the Endocrine SystemChapter 11 Nervous SystemCombining Forms Commonly Used in Nervous SystemCombining Form Meaning Examplecephal/o head cephalalgiacerebell/o cerebellum cerebellar cerebellitiis cerebr/o cerebrum cerebral cerebrospinal encephal/o brain encephalomalaciagli/o glue glioneuromamedull/o medulla medulloadrenal mening/o meninges meningitismyelomeningocele meningi/o meninges meningiomamyel/o spinal cord poliomyelitisnarc/o stupor narcohypnosisneur/o nerve neurectomy neuroma phas/o speech aphasiapoli/o gray matter polioencephalopathy pont/o pons pontocerebellar radicul/o nerve root radiculoneuritis thalam/o thalamus thalamocortical ventricul/o ventricle ventriculography Suffixes Commonly Used in Nervous SystemSuffix Meaning Example-algesia sensitivity to pain analgesia-esthesia feeling, sensation anesthesia-kinesia movement bradykinesia-lepsy seizure narcolepsy-paresis weakness hemiparesis-phasia speech dysphasia-plegia paralysis paraplegia-sthenia strength myasthenia-taxia muscle coordination ataxiaChapter 12 Blood and the Lymphatic And Immune System Blood SystemCombining form Meaning Exampleagglutin/o clumping agglutinogenic chrom/o color chromosome coagul/o clotting anticoagulant erythr/o red erythroblastosis fibrin/o fibers, fibrous fibrinogen granul/o granules granulocytosis hem/o blood hemolysis hemat/o blood hematopoiesis leuk/o white leukemia morph/o shape morphology myel/o bone marrow myelomalacia phag/o eat, swallow phagocyte sanguin/o blood sanguinous thromb/o clot thrombosis Lymphatic and Immune SystemCombining form Meaning Exampleaden/o gland adenoma immun/o protection immunoglobulin lymph/o lymph lymphatic lymphaden/o lymph node lymphadenopathy lymphangi/o lymph vessel lymphangiogram splen/o spleen splenomegaly thym/o thymus thymectomy tonsill/o tonsils tonsillectomytox/o poison toxonosis Suffixes Commonly Used in Blood and Lymphatic and Immune System Blood SystemSuffix Meaning Example-apheresis removal, carry away plasmapheresis -cyte cell erythrocyteerythrocytosis-cytosis more than the normalnumber of cells-emia blood condition leukemia-globin protein hemoglobinhematocytopenia -penia abnormal decrease, toofew-poiesis formation hematopoiesis-stasis standing still hemostasis Lymphatic and Immune SystemSuffix Meaning Example-globulin protein immunoglobulin -phage eat, swallow macrophage。

医学专业词汇学习小结来源：庞卯的日志医学术语，并不限于本表所载的“器官+症状”这种形式。

例如：acrophobia 高处恐怖 [acro- 尖端 + -phobia 恐怖 ]dyspepsia 消化不良 [dys- 障碍,不良 + -pepsia 消化]hypoglycemia 低血糖 [hypo- 低 + glyco- 糖 +-emia 血症 ]leucocytopenia 白细胞减少 [leuco- 白 + cyto- 细胞 + -penia 减少]tachycardia 心搏过速 [tachy- 速 + cardio- 心 + - ia 症 ]thermoplegia 热射病, 中暑 (heat stroke) [thermo- 热 + - plegia麻痹]这些词的第已词素并非器官名，而是hypo-、leuco-、tachy-、thermo-、acro- 和dys- 等具有形容词职能的复合形或词头leu-co-白，表示“色调”，此外于色调有关的还有erythro- 红、chloro- 绿、melano- 黑、xantho- 黄、cyano- 青和chromo- 色等。

还有一些表示“位置”的词头：ecto- 外侧、endo- 内侧、meso- 中央、retro-后方，和para- 周围、附近等。

还有表示“方向”的词头：dorso- 背侧的方向、ventro- 腹侧的方向、antero- 前方，和postero-后方等。

1、医学术语的构成要了解医学术语的构成，必须先知道什么是词头(prefis)、词尾(suffix)、复合形(combining form)、复合词 (compound word)和词干(word root)。

Acrocyanosis手足（肢端）发绀，即由于手足的氧供应不足而引起的四肢末端青紫。

现将其词形做如下的分析：a c r / o / c y a d / o s i s词干复合形词干词尾复合词所谓词干，就字面来说，乃是词的基干部分。

Common PrefixesNumber PrefixesCommon SuffixesSurgical SuffixesProcedural SuffixesCombining Forms Commonly Used in Integumentary System Combining form Meaning Exampleadip/o fat adiposealbin/o white albinismcaus/o burn, burning causalgia cutane/o skin subcutaneous derm/o skin epidermis dermat/o skin dermatitis disphor/o profuse sweating diaphoresis hidr/o sweat anhidrosis ichthy/o scaly, dry ichthyosis kerat/o hard, horny tissue keratosisleuk/o white leukoplakialip/o fat lipomamelan/o black melanocyte myc/o fungus dermatomycosis onych/o nail onycholysispil/o hair pilosebaceous rhytid/o wrinkle rhytidoplasty seb/o oil seborrheatrich/o hair trichomycosis xanth/o yellow xanthoma Suffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-derma skin scleroderma-opsy view of biopsy-plakia a plate leukoplakia-tome instrument used to cut dermatomeCombining Forms Commonly Used in Musculoskeletal SystemCombining form Meaning Examplearthr/o joint arthrocentesisarticul/o joint articulationburs/o sac bursitischondr/o cartilage chondroplastycost/o rib costectomycrani/o skull craniotomymyel/o bone marrow myelitisorth/o straight orthopedicsoste/o bone osteoporosisspondyl/o vertebra,backbone spondylarthritisthorac/o chest thoracicvertebr/o vertebra,backbone intervertebralfasci/o fascia fasciorrhaphymy/o muscle electromyogramten/o tendon tenodyniatend/o tendon tendotomytendin/o tendon tendinitisSuffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-kinesia movement dyskinesia-porosis porous osteoporosis-trophy development hypertrophy-malacia abnormal softening osteomalacia Combining form Meaning Exampleangi/o vessel angioplastyaort/o aorta aortic stenosisarter/o, arteri/o artery arteriosclerosisather/o yellowish plaque, fatty substance atherosclerosisatri/o atrium, upper heart chamber atrioventricularcardi/o heart cardiomyopathy cholesterol/o cholesterol hypercholesterolemiacorn/o heart coronary arteries cyan/o blue cyanosisox/o oxygen hypoxiapericardi/o pericardium pericardiocentesis phleb/o vein phlebotomy rrhythm/o rhythm arrhythmia sphygm/o pulse sphygmomanometer steth/o chest stethoscope thromb/o clot thrombolysis valvul/o, valv/o valve valvuloplastyvas/o vessel vasoconstriction vascul/o vessel vascularven/o vein venousventricul/o ventricle, lower heart chamber ventriculotomyMeaning Example Prefixbrady- slow bradycardiatachy- fast tachycardiaMeaning Example Suffix-manometer Instrument to measure pressure sphygmomanometer -ole small arteriole-sclerosis hardening arteriosclerosis-stenosis narrowing angiostenosis-tension pressure hypotension-ule small venuleCombining Forms Commonly Used in This System Combining form Meaning Exampleadenoid/o adenoids adenoidectomy alveol/o alveolus; air sac alveolarbronch/o bronchus bronchoscope bronchi/o bronchus bronchiectasis bronchiol/o bronchiole, small bronchiolitisBronchuscapn/o carbon dioxide acapniaepiglott/o epiglottis epiglottitislaryng/o larynx, voice box laryngospasmlob/o lobe lobectomymuc/o mucus mucusnas/o nose nasopharynxox/o oxygen anoxiapharyng/o pharynx pharyngeal tonsils pleur/o pleura pleurocentesis pneum/o air, lung pneumothorax pneumon/opulmon/o lung pulmonologyrhin/o nose rhinorrhagiasinus/o sinus, cavity pansinusitisspir/o breathing spirometertonsill/o tonsils tonsillectomy trache/o trachea, windpipe tracheotomythorac/o chest thoracalgia Suffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffixes Meaning Example-capnia carbon dioxide hypercapnia-ectasis stretching out, dilatation, bronchiectasisexpansion-emia blood condition hypoxemia-oxia oxygen anoxia-pnea breathing dyspneaChapter 7 Digestive systemCombining forms relating to the digestive systemCombining forms Meaning Examplean/o anus anusappend/o, appendic/o appendix appendectomy bucc/o cheek buccolabialcec/o cecum ileocecalcheil/o, labi/o lip cheilorrhaphy chol/e bile, gall cholelithiasis cholangi/o bile duct cholangiotomy cholecyst/o gallbladder cholecystogram choledoch/o common bile duct choledochectomy col/o, colon/o colon colectomydent/o, odont/o tooth orthodontics enter/o small intestine enteritisgastr/o stomach gastrodynia gingiv/o gums gingivectomy gloss/o tongue hypoglossal hepat/o liver hepatitislapar/o abdomen laparotomy lingu/o tongue sublinguallith/o stone lithotripsyor/o mouth oropharynx palat/o palate palatine pancreat/o pancreas pancreatitis pharyng/o pharynx pharyngodynia proct/o anus and rectum proctoptosisrect/o rectum rectalgiasial/o salivary gland sialolithstomat/o mouth stomatologySuffixes relating to the digestive systemSuffix Meaning Example-emisis vomit hematemesis-lithiasis condition of stones cholelithiasis-orexia appetite anorexia-ostomy surgically creating an opening colostomy-pepsia digestion dyspepsia-phagia eat, swallow polyphagia-prandial pertaing to a meal postprandial-tripsy surgical crushing lithotripsyChapter 8 Urinary SystemCombining form albumin/oazot/ocyst/oglomerul/o glycos/olith/omeat/onephr/onoct/ipyel/oren/our/oureter/ourethr/ourin/ovesic/o Meaningalbuminnitrogenbladderglomerulussugar, glucosestonemeatuskidneynightrenal pelviskidneyurineureter, urinary tubeurethraurinebladderExamplealbuminuriaazotemiacystitisglomerulonephritisglycosurialithotripsymeatorrhaphynephromalacianocturiapyelogramrenal transplanturemiaureterectasiaurethrostenosisurinalysisvesicorectalSuffix Meaning Example-lith stone nephrolith -ptosis drooping nephroptosis -tripsy surgical crushing lithotripsy -uria urine, urination hematuriaChapter 9 Reproductive System Combining Forms Relating to the Reproductive SystemChapter 10 Endocrine System Word Building Relating to the Endocrine SystemChapter 11 Nervous SystemCombining Forms Commonly Used in Nervous SystemCombining Form Meaning Examplecephal/o head cephalalgiacerebell/o cerebellum cerebellar cerebellitiis cerebr/o cerebrum cerebral cerebrospinal encephal/o brain encephalomalaciagli/o glue glioneuromamedull/o medulla medulloadrenal mening/o meninges meningitismyelomeningocele meningi/o meninges meningiomamyel/o spinal cord poliomyelitisnarc/o stupor narcohypnosisneur/o nerve neurectomy neuroma phas/o speech aphasiapoli/o gray matter polioencephalopathy pont/o pons pontocerebellar radicul/o nerve root radiculoneuritis thalam/o thalamus thalamocortical ventricul/o ventricle ventriculography Suffixes Commonly Used in Nervous SystemSuffix Meaning Example-algesia sensitivity to pain analgesia-esthesia feeling, sensation anesthesia-kinesia movement bradykinesia-lepsy seizure narcolepsy-paresis weakness hemiparesis-phasia speech dysphasia-plegia paralysis paraplegia-sthenia strength myasthenia-taxia muscle coordination ataxiaChapter 12 Blood and the Lymphatic And Immune System Blood SystemCombining form Meaning Exampleagglutin/o clumping agglutinogenic chrom/o color chromosome coagul/o clotting anticoagulant erythr/o red erythroblastosis fibrin/o fibers, fibrous fibrinogen granul/o granules granulocytosis hem/o blood hemolysis hemat/o blood hematopoiesis leuk/o white leukemia morph/o shape morphology myel/o bone marrow myelomalacia phag/o eat, swallow phagocyte sanguin/o blood sanguinous thromb/o clot thrombosis Lymphatic and Immune SystemCombining form Meaning Exampleaden/o gland adenoma immun/o protection immunoglobulin lymph/o lymph lymphatic lymphaden/o lymph node lymphadenopathy lymphangi/o lymph vessel lymphangiogram splen/o spleen splenomegaly thym/o thymus thymectomy tonsill/o tonsils tonsillectomytox/o poison toxonosis Suffixes Commonly Used in Blood and Lymphatic and Immune System Blood SystemSuffix Meaning Example-apheresis removal, carry away plasmapheresis -cyte cell erythrocyteerythrocytosis-cytosis more than the normalnumber of cells-emia blood condition leukemia-globin protein hemoglobinhematocytopenia -penia abnormal decrease, toofew-poiesis formation hematopoiesis-stasis standing still hemostasis Lymphatic and Immune SystemSuffix Meaning Example-globulin protein immunoglobulin -phage eat, swallow macrophage。