施心远听力教程第三册答案UNIT5答案完整版

施心远听力教程第三册答案UNIT5答案完整版UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us.We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery."Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because ofslavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about slavery reparations.The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *.I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one longdisaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did thathappen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to thislittle place in central London, in Soho and paid cash. Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrowand we were doing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*.So we arrived late at Moscow, in the middle of the night,and we all went into the transit lounge and after about twohours this official came in and told us we'd missed theconnection to Hong Kong; we'd have to stay the night in theairport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the nextmorning I went down to reception and asked what washappening. Disaster! They'd checked my ticket orsomething and decided it wasn't a proper Aeroflot one, onlyvalid for the twice-a-week flight, not the daily flight. So Ihad to sit there and watch all the other passengers go off tocatch the next plane to Hong Kong while I was stuck in thisterrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. Thepits! No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the foodwas gross. All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods1）Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are55.2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers inthe store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas (鹰嘴豆) and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries (食品杂货店), including those offering Mexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai andIndian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar, a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural andlow-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying,steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of majorcorporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions. Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need forspecially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, are humanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this"robottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1)It costs as much as a luxury car.2)Sony made it.3)They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4)It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5)Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, by definition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating their own animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador, are learning English as a second language.Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world. How could you apply that to a digital space? So we have bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program. There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn’t want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years. Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called Night at Dreary Castle was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries.Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, many of them will celebrate Scratch’s second anniversary with World Scratch Day. More than 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A.a new and easy-to-use programming language called Scratch.B.1.software engineers, programming language, Scratch2. a computer science teacher, Scratch, March3. an object-oriented language4. interior and exterior settings, manipulate5. download, for free, 6. is encouraged, 400,000, in the past two years7. an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, a 15-year-old8. 80 events, 30Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Corp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially atwo-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo isshifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent toUS$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US.Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansionstrategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's planrequires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, US fast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(Last year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean and friendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.)T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improvingthe fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital。

UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear thewind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery."Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about slavery reparations.The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one longdisaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did thathappen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to this little place incentral London, in Soho and paid cash.Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we weredoing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrivedlate at Moscow, in the middle of the night, and we all went intothe transit lounge and after about two hours this official came inand told us we'd missed the connection to Hong Kong; we'dhave to stay the night in the airport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morning I went down to reception and asked what was happening.Disaster! They'd checked my ticket or something and decided itwasn't a proper Aeroflot one, only valid for the twice-a-weekflight, not the daily flight. So I had to sit there and watch all theother passengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kongwhile I was stuck in this terrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. The pits!No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the food was gross.All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods1）Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55.2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas (鹰嘴豆) and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries (食品杂货店), including those offeringMexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar,a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snackbusiness, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s.It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions.Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, arehumanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this "robottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1)It costs as much as a luxury car.2)Sony made it.3)They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4)It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5)Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, bydefinition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to handsignals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating their own animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador, are learning English as a second language. Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world. How could you apply that to a digital space? So we have bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program. There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn’t want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called Night at Dreary Castle was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries. Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, many of them will celebrate Scratch’s second anniversary with World Scratch Day. Morethan 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A.a new and easy-to-use programming language called Scratch.B.1.software engineers, programming language, Scratch2. a computer science teacher, Scratch, March3. an object-oriented language4. interior and exterior settings, manipulate5. download, for free, 6. is encouraged, 400,000, in the past two years7. an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, a 15-year-old8. 80 events, 30Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Corp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US.Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the 560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, USfast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shiftingtoward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(L ast year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean andfriendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.) T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving thefast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.2.(Open)。

UNIT 5Section One Tactics for listeningPart 1 Sport DictationWindIn the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear thewind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.Part 2 Listening for GistEleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery."Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day."Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about slavery reparations.The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.Section two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueCheapo TicketTerri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *. I mean. I went to Hong Kong last year and it was one longdisaster!Simon: Really?Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days!Simon: How on earth did thathappen?Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the back of a magazine. I went down to this little place incentral London, in Soho and paid cash.Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we weredoing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrivedlate at Moscow, in the middle of the night, and we all went intothe transit lounge and after about two hours this official came inand told us we'd missed the connection to Hong Kong; we'dhave to stay the night in the airport hotel ...Simon: But why?Terri: The late departure from Heathrow apparently.Simon: So, what was the hotel like?Terri: Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morning I went down to reception and asked what was happening.Disaster! They'd checked my ticket or something and decided itwasn't a proper Aeroflot one, only valid for the twice-a-weekflight, not the daily flight. So I had to sit there and watch all theother passengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kongwhile I was stuck in this terrible hotel.Simon: Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.Terri: No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me out. I had to stay there for three days. The pits!No TV, no newspapers, no phone lines and the food was gross.All because I had this cheapo ticket,Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again.Terri: You're not wrong!ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3.F 4.F 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. TPart 2 PassageFrozen Ethnic Foods1）Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55.2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas (鹰嘴豆) and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.Other ethnic groceries (食品杂货店), including those offeringMexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations.The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar,a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium* dishes.Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the evolution of what are called the "Four Flavors" and "Eight Cuisines".Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snackbusiness, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s.It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the followingquestions.1)First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Therapy Dogs at Ground ZeroJean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions.Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, "With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling."News Item 2RobotsThe new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, arehumanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology.His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls "remote presence" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this "robottling".As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.1)It costs as much as a luxury car.2)Sony made it.3)They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks.4)It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.5)Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.News Item 3RoboticsThe sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, bydefinition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to handsignals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1Two years ago, computer software engineers at The Media Lab, MIT's innovative technology research center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, launched a new and easy-to-use programming language they called Scratch. Since its launch, Scratch has quickly found its way over the Internet into classrooms and homes around the world, putting the creative power of software design into the hands of some very young users.Jeff Elkner's students are creating their own animated stories using Scratch. Most of them, like Lydia Melgar from El Salvador, are learning English as a second language. Elkner, a computer science teacher in Arlington, Virginia, introduced Scratch to his students in March.“At first I wanted to introduce Scratch to teach programming. And what we found when we were working with Scratch was that it was actually amazingly good at teaching language skills."Scratch is an object-oriented language designed to be simple enough for anyone to use. Instead of writing commands out, users choose from commands that come with the program."We were really inspired by Lego bricks and how you build things in the physical world. How could you apply that to a digital space? So we have bricks or blocks that you snap together. So you have 100 different blocks that you can choose from.”There is also a library of visual elements included in the program. There are characters, interior and exterior settings to put them in, and objects they can manipulate.Anyone can download Scratch for free from the MIT-sponsored Website at . Brennan says they knew from the start that they wanted Scratch to be easy to use, but they didn’t want its simple interface to limit how it was used. Everyone who uses Scratch is encouraged to share their projects. More than 400,000 have been posted on the Website in the past two years.Changing, adapting and re-mixing projects is also encouraged. There have even been some collaborations. Brennan says a game called Night at Dreary Castle was the creation of an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, and a 15-year-old from different countries. Today, there are one quarter of a million registered Scratch users. On Saturday, many of them will celebrate Scratch’s second anniversary with World Scratch Day. Morethan 80 events are scheduled in 30 different countries, from the United States to Iran.A.a new and easy-to-use programming language called Scratch.B.1.software engineers, programming language, Scratch2. a computer science teacher, Scratch, March3. an object-oriented language4. interior and exterior settings, manipulate5. download, for free, 6. is encouraged, 400,000, in the past two years7. an 8-year-old, a 13-year-old, a 15-year-old8. 80 events, 30Part 2 passageMcDonald’s Corp1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump.3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job.5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be "better, not just bigger", the 28-year McDonald's veteran told investors at an April 7 meeting in New York.McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipeExecutives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US.Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionTaco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the 560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, USfast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.KFC has adapted with fare like the "Old Beijing Twister" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shiftingtoward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.)F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.)T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.(L ast year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it thethird-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean andfriendly environment.(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.)T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.) T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving thefast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.2.(Open)。

施心远听力教程第三册答案unit1——unit8（供参考）P1-21:unit1, P22-43:unit2, P44-65:unit3, P66-88:unit4,P89-113:unit5, P114-133:unit6, P134-144:unit7, P145- 166:unit8UNIT 1Section OnePart 1Spot DictationHouses in the FutureWell, I think houses in the future will probably be (1) quite small but I should think they'll be (2) well-insulated so that you don't need so much (3) heating and (4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical (5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country, perhaps we(7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of(8) electronic gadgets: things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up ... the screen (9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes, you'll have things like (10) garage doors which open automatically when you (11) drive up, perhaps electronic (12) sensors which will (13) recognize you when you, when you come to the front door even. Perhaps (14) architects and designers will be a bit more (15) imaginative about how houses are designed and perhaps with the (16) shortage of space people will think of putting gardens (17) on the roof and, and maybe rooms can be (18) expanded and, and (19) contracted depending on what you use them for, so perhaps there'll be a bit more (20) flexibility about that.Part 2Listening for GistA: Tuesday two fifteen. Let me look inmy diary.B: No, Thursday.A: Oh, I'm sorry. I thought you said Tuesday.B: Thursday two fifteen. No, I'm sorry. I've got an appointment until three. Could we make it later? Say three fifteen?A: Well, there's a lot to talk about. It'll take a couple ofhours, at least.B: Shall we say Monday morning, then?A: Monday morning. All right. Nine o'clock?B: Nine. I think that will be all right. I'll ring you backand confirm. A: All right. But ring before five, couldyou?B: All right.A: Right you are. Bye.B: Bye.Exercise. Directions: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This dialogue is about making an appointment.2.The key words are Tuesday. Thursday. two fifteen. three fifteen.Mondaymorning. nine o'clock.。

Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree? Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you? ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you? ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it? ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve left thecoast, is there? ↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it? ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it? ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport? It’d be betterto hire a car, wouldn’t it? ↗8. Really? That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it? ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class ofnonreaders at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour.Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class ofnon-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five toread if they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He orshe might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infantschool. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given moreadvanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help shouldimmediately be sought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read.But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a senseof humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and thechild should never be forced to continue, if his interests start to flag. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and thenplunged right off the pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogicalsound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?Kathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good?I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: Really?Kathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. It’s kind of like picturesof sound. The intensity of the sound —how strong it is —ismeasured very quickly. Then it’s measured again and again. Whenwe hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound, but it’s really lots of pieces close together. And each piece is really clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces”of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up anddown with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave.Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?Kathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording —on videotape.Mike: On videotape?Kathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer do?Kathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out the “pieces”of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spacesare.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces”of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The master?Kathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around —just like aregular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical. They use alaser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laserburns through the chemical, but not through the glass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copyand put it in the CD player.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back,like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light thatbounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh? ... Uh ... you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on thedisk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again?[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording —on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces”of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate.The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made whenthey used the same ad in a different country or area? Complete the following chart.Man: H ere’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after”commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile ofdirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle,and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the message was that abox of this detergent*would make really dirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!”Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. Theyshould have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left sideand the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.”But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,”the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good”? Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name canscare off business.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didn’t know whatthe word means in Japanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: “Enco”is a short way of saying “Engine stop”in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyPart 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.Brushing our teeth —such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imaginean Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This isbecause the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene?2. What is amusing about the Egyptians?3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century?4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident inthe 15th century?5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century?6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made?7. What was the fate of the wild boars when Dr. West’s toothbrush withnylon bristles became popular?8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at first?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small treebranches whose ends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, orone made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’hair for dental care right up until the 20th centurywhen nylon was invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon wasinvented by Wallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to carefor their teeth.D. 1. Other animals’hair was also used for dental care, right up until thiscentury. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this newmaterial became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boarswere finally off the hook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then givea brief summary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*”that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war andpoverty in Middle East and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countries that ishosting a large number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president said that it is “critical”thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries andthe number grows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical”thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaoswe have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful U.N. Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the U.N. Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel, resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members.These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences. KeyA. 1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling forAfrican nations to have more power and influence at the UnitedNations.2. Both presidents think the African continent should have at least twopermanent seats on the powerful U.N. Security Council.3. The two presidents also discussed issues of poverty, security andterrorism in Africa.4. President of Zimbabwe said that African nations must work tobecome economically independent, just as they have becomepolitically independent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UNSecurity Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power andinfluence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for themeeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month inEthiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seat onthe Council with the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C.And Nguema said African nations must work to become economicallyindependent, just as they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter of a few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a century or two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, indeed. Apart from the dangers of lifeat sea, there must have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because each journey lasted many weeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures. Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangestarts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of putting a ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usually fully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet —the global network of computer networks —will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button as a powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast television might diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television anda lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time theInternet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather than high-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices.You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet?2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcastingsystem is adopted?3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove?4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computers bydigital broadcasting?5. What will happen when television signal is digital?6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares?7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior?8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers prefer?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internet willsoon start to blur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more liketelevision and entertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, they will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, directories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection, and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid forthrough advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regionallanguages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies,directories and map.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language of aneighboring country.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that canhelp ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.。

Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree? Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you? ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you? ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it? ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve left thecoast, is there? ↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it? ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it? ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport? It’d be betterto hire a car, wouldn’t it? ↗8. Really? That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it? ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class ofnonreaders at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters to form words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour.Reading should never be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class ofnon-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write. Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five toread if they show interests in it, but never force them to learn to read. He orshe might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infantschool. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given moreadvanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help shouldimmediately be sought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read.But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a senseof humour. Reading should never be made to look like a chore and thechild should never be forced to continue, if his interests start to flag. Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and thenplunged right off the pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogicalsound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?Kathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good?I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: Really?Kathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. It’s kind of like picturesof sound. The intensity of the sound —how strong it is —ismeasured very quickly. Then it’s measured again and again. Whenwe hear the sound, it all sounds like one long piece of sound, but it’s really lots of pieces close together. And each piece is really clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces”of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record. Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up anddown with volume and pitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave.Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?Kathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording —on videotape.Mike: On videotape?Kathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer do?Kathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out the “pieces”of sound we were talking about; how long everything is, how far apart spacesare.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces”of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The master?Kathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around —just like aregular CD. And the glass disk is covered with a chemical. They use alaser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laserburns through the chemical, but not through the glass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copyand put it in the CD player.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back,like a mirror. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.Anyway, the computer in your CD player reads the light thatbounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh? ... Uh ... you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on thedisk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again?[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the followingsentences with the missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording —on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces”of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate.The laser burns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made whenthey used the same ad in a different country or area? Complete the following chart.Man: H ere’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after”commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile ofdirty clothes on the left, a box of the laundry soap in the middle,and a pile of clean clothes on the right. So, the message was that abox of this detergent*would make really dirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left. People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!”Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. Theyshould have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left sideand the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexican magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.”But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,”the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good”? Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name canscare off business.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfortunately, they didn’t know whatthe word means in Japanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: “Enco”is a short way of saying “Engine stop”in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyPart 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.Brushing our teeth —such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imaginean Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This isbecause the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless. In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene?2. What is amusing about the Egyptians?3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century?4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident inthe 15th century?5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century?6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made?7. What was the fate of the wild boars when Dr. West’s toothbrush withnylon bristles became popular?8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at first?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small treebranches whose ends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, orone made of silver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’hair for dental care right up until the 20th centurywhen nylon was invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon wasinvented by Wallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to carefor their teeth.D. 1. Other animals’hair was also used for dental care, right up until thiscentury. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this newmaterial became a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boarswere finally off the hook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then givea brief summary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*”that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war andpoverty in Middle East and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countries that ishosting a large number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president said that it is “critical”thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries andthe number grows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical”thatEuropean countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaoswe have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful U.N. Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the U.N. Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel, resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members.These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences. KeyA. 1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling forAfrican nations to have more power and influence at the UnitedNations.2. Both presidents think the African continent should have at least twopermanent seats on the powerful U.N. Security Council.3. The two presidents also discussed issues of poverty, security andterrorism in Africa.4. President of Zimbabwe said that African nations must work tobecome economically independent, just as they have becomepolitically independent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UNSecurity Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power andinfluence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for themeeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month inEthiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seat onthe Council with the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C.And Nguema said African nations must work to become economicallyindependent, just as they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter of a few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a century or two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, indeed. Apart from the dangers of lifeat sea, there must have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because each journey lasted many weeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures. Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangestarts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of putting a ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usually fully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of thequestions you will hear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet —the global network of computer networks —will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button as a powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast television might diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television anda lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time theInternet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather than high-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices.You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet?2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcastingsystem is adopted?3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove?4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computers bydigital broadcasting?5. What will happen when television signal is digital?6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares?7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior?8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers prefer?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internet willsoon start to blur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more liketelevision and entertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, they will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, directories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection, and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid forthrough advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regionallanguages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies,directories and map.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language of aneighboring country.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that canhelp ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.。

Unit 5Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsStress, Intonation and AccentScriptListen to Peter talking to Maggie. Is he asking a question or does he just want her to agree? Tick the right box.1. You’ve been to Canada, haven’t you? ↘2. Oh yes, I remember. You went a couple of years ago, didn’t you? ↗3. Now, let’s see ... It’s er, it’s a mainly agricultural country, isn’t it? ↘4. Well yes, I know, but there’s not much industry once you’ve left the coast, is there?↗5. I see ... Mm, so the North would be the best place to go to, wouldn’t it? ↘6. Yeah. Mind you, I should think the South is very beautiful, isn’t it? ↘7. (laughs) Yeah. That’s right. Oh and what about transport? It’d be better to hire a car,wouldn’t it? ↗8. Really? That’s cheap. It costs that much a day here, doesn’t it? ↘KeyPart 2 Listening and Note-TakingReadingScriptA. Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of nonreaders atinfant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. Listen to a talk about reading. Take notes and complete the following summary.When should a child start learning to read and write? This is one of the questions I am most frequently asked. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike, and it would be wrong to set a time when all should start being taught the ins and outs of reading letters toform words.If a three-year-old wants to read (or even a two-year-old for that matter), the child deserves to be given every encouragement. The fact that he or she might later be “bored”when joining a class of non-readers at infant school is the teacher’s affair. It is up to the teacher to see that such a child is given more advanced reading material.Similarly, the child who still cannot read by the time he goes to junior school at the age of seven should be given every help by teachers and parents alike. They should make certain that he is not dyslexic*. If he is, specialist help should immediately be sought.Although parents should be careful not to force youngsters aged two to five to learn to read (if badly done it could put them off reading for life), there is no harm in preparing them for simple recognition of letters by labelling various items in their room. For instance, by a nice piece of cardboard tied to their bed with BED written in neat-big letters.Should the young child ask his parents to teach him to read, and if the parents are capable of doing so, such an appeal should not be ignored. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading should never be made to look likea chore and the child should never be forced to continue, should his interest start to flag*.KeyA. 1. There is no hard and fast rule, for no two are alike.2. The fact that he or she might later be “bored” when joining a class of non-readers atinfant school is the teacher’s affair.3. If badly done it could put them off reading for life.4. But the task should be undertaken gently.5. Reading should never be made to look like a chore.B. ReadingIt would be wrong to set a time when a child should start learning to read and write.Parents should encourage youngsters aged two to five to read if they show interests in it,but never force them to learn to read. He or she might later be “bored” when joining aclass of non-readers at infant school. Then it is up to the teacher to see that such a childis given more advanced reading material.Similarly, if a child cannot read at the age of seven, teachers and parents should make certain that he is not dyslexic. If he is, specialist help should immediately besought.Parents should not ignore the young child’s appeal to be taught to read. But the task should be undertaken gently, with great patience and a sense of humour. Reading shouldnever be made to look like a chore and the child should never be forced to continue, ifhis interests start to flag.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Sentence IdentificationScriptIdentify each sentence as simple (S), compound (CP), complex (CPL) or compound-complex (C-C). You will hear each sentence twice. Write the corresponding letter(s) in the space provided.1. The line down the middle of the road wavered, zigzagged, and then plunged right offthe pavement.2. My sister likes classical music, but I prefer the kind she dismisses as “junk.”3. Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.4. Babara and Andrew are sitting under the tree by the river.5. She only hoped that the entire incident would be forgotten as soon as possible.Key1. S2. C-C3. CP4. S5. CPLPart 2 DialoguesDialogue 1 Digital SoundScriptA. Listen to the dialogue and compare digital sound and analogical sound.[music]Mike: Wow! Nice. CDs have such good sound. Do you ever wonder how they make CDs?Kathy: Well, they get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Come on. You know what I mean. Why is the sound quality so good? I mean, why do CDs sound so much clearer than cassette tapes?Kathy: Actually, I do know that.Mike: Really?Kathy: It’s all based on digital sound. CDs are digital. Digital sound is like several photos, all taken one after another. It’s kind of like pictures of sound. Theintensity of the sound — how strong it is — is measured very quickly. Then it’smeasured again and again. When we hear the sound, it all sounds like one longpiece of sound, but i t’s really lots of pieces close together. And each piece isreally clear.Mike: So digital is like lots of short “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Exactly. This is different from analog* —that’s how they used to record.Analog is more like one wave of sound. It moves up and down with volume andpitch. Anyway, analog is like a single wave. Digital is like a series of pieces.Mike: OK, I understand that. But how do they make the CDs?Kathy: I told you, Mike. They get a bunch of musicians together, and they sing and play.Mike: Kathy!Kathy: No. What really happens is first they do a digital recording — on videotape.Mike: On videotape?Kathy: Yeah, they use videotape. So then the videotape is played through a computer.Mike: OK. What does the computer do?Kathy: Well, the computer is used to figure out t he “pieces” of sound we were talkingabout; how long everything is, how far apart spaces are.Mike: OK. So the computer is figuring out those separate “pieces” of sound.Kathy: Yeah. They need to do that to make the master.Mike: The master?Kathy: The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from. It’s made of glass. It’s a glass disk that spins around — just like a regular CD. And the glassdisk is covered with a chemical. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song,into the glass plate. The laser burns through the chemical, but not through theglass.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk.Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Mike: So CDs really have little holes on the back? I didn’t know that.Kathy: Yeah. Tiny pits. They’re too small to see. Anyway, then they’ve got the master, and they make copies from it. Then you buy your copy and put it in the CDplayer.Mike: Put it in the CD player ... That part I understand.Kathy: There’s another laser in your CD player. The light of the laser reflects off the CD. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror. But thelight that bounces off the pits is scattered. Anyway, the computer in your CDplayer reads the light that bounces off the pits. And you get the music.Mike: Reflected light, huh? ... Uh ... you knew what I like? Just relaxing, listening to music, and not really worrying about how it gets on the disk.Kathy: You want me to explain it again?[music]B. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following outline.C. Listen to an extract from the dialogue and complete the following sentences withthe missing words.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk.Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.KeyA.B. I. The making of CDsA. Recordinga. First they do a digital recording — on videotape.b. Then the videotape is played through a computer.c. The computer figures out those separate “pieces” of sound to make the master.B. The making of the mastera. The master is the original that all the other CDs are copied from.b. It’s made of glass, covered with a chemical.c. They use a laser to burn the signal, or the song, into the glass plate. The laserburns through the chemical, but not through the glass.d. It cuts little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.”e. They make copies from it.II. Playing backA. You buy the copy and put it in the CD player.B. The light of the laser reflects off the CD.a. The smooth part of the CD reflects straight back, like a mirror.b. But the light that bounces off the pits is scattered.c. The computer in your CD player reads the light that bounces off the pits.d. You get the music.C.Mike: So the laser cuts the sound into the plate?Kathy: Right. What it’s doing is cutting little holes into the back of the disk. Those holes are called “pits.” The laser puts in the pits.Dialogue 2 Lost in TranslationScriptA. Listen to the dialogue. What mistake have some companies made when they usedthe same ad in a different country or area? Complete the following chart.Man: H ere’s one I wouldn’t have thought of. You know those “before and after”commercials for laundry soap?Woman: The ones with a pile of dirty clothes on one side and then the same clothes after they’ve been washed? Sure.Man: There was an American company that had one of those ads. It was really successful in North America. In the ad there was a pile of dirty clothes on theleft, a box of the laundry soap in the middle, and a pile of clean clothes on theright. So, the message was that a box of this detergent*would make reallydirty clothes clean.Woman: Yeah?Man: So what do you think happened when they used the ad in the Middle East?Woman: I don’t know.Man: Think about it. In the Middle East, languages are written from right to left.People look at things from right to left.Woman: So it looked like the soap made the clothes dirty?Man: “Our soap will make your clothes dirty!” Not a very smart ad campaign.Woman: They should have changed the order of the pictures. They should have put the picture of the clean clothes on the left side and the dirty clothes on the right.Man: Really. Oh, here’s another one. Some shirt maker put an ad in a Mexica n magazine.Woman: And?Man: Well, the ad was supposed to say, “When I wore this shirt, I felt good.” But they made a translation mistake.Woman: What did they say?Man: Instead of “When I wore this shirt,” the ad said, “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good.”Woman: “Until I wore this shirt, I felt good”? Gee, changing one little word gave it the opposite meaning.Man: The article says sometimes it’s not just the advertising slogan that gets companies into trouble. Sometimes the company name can scare off business.Woman: What do you mean?Man: Well, there was a large oil company in the United States called Enco: E-N-C-O.Woman: Yeah, I remember them.Man: They opened some gas stations in Japan, and they advertised using their American name. Unfort unately, they didn’t know what the word means inJapanese.Woman: What does it mean?Man: “Enco” is a short way of saying “Engine stop” in Japanese.Woman: Great. Would you buy gasoline from a company that said your car engine would stop?Man: No, and neither did the Japanese.KeyPart 3 PassageToothbrushScriptB. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.Brushing our teeth — such a commonplace activity today, has been around for a long time. Imagine: the ancient Egyptians were already concerned about their dental hygiene! We know this today because they also had the good habit of being entombed* with all their treasures ... So we were able to discover that tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whose ends had been frayed* into soft fibers. It’s comical to imagine an Egyptian stopping to brush his teeth after a meal, on his break from building a pyramid!The true ancestor of our toothbrush, however, was invented by the Chinese in the 15th century and brought back to Europe by travellers. This toothbrush was made of hairs from the neck of a Siberian wild boar which were fixed to a bamboo or bone handle. The people of the Occident*, however, found the wild boar hairs too stiff. At the time, very few people in the Western world brushed their teeth, and those who did preferred horse hairs, which were softer than those of the wild boar! In Europe, it was more customary after meals to use a goose feather toothpick, or one made of silver or copper.Other animals’ hair was also used for dental car e, right up until this century. But it was the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it. The animal was imported for its neck hairs for a long, long time ... in fact, until nylon was invented, in the 20th century!In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented by Wallace H.Carothers. In 1938, this new material became a symbol of modernism and prosperity through the commercialization of nylon stockings and of Dr. West’s miracle toothbrush with nylon bristles. The wild boars were finally off the hook!At first, even if there were many advantages to using this new brush instead of the one made with wild boar hairs (which fell out, wouldn’t dry very well or became full of bacteria), the consumers were not entirely satisfied. This is because the nylon bristles were very stiff and hurt the gums. In 1950, Du Pont improved their toothbrush by giving it softer bristles.Today the brands, types, and colours of toothbrushes on the market are almost endless.In spite of this, certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for their teeth!Questions:1. How do we know ancient Egyptians were concerned about their dental hygiene?2. What is amusing about the Egyptians?3. Who invented the true ancestor of our toothbrush in the 15th century?4. Which of the following is not true about the people in the Occident in the 15thcentury?5. What did people begin to use for dental care in the 20th century?6. When were toothbrushes with nylon bristles first made?7. What was the fate of the wild boars when D r. West’s toothbrush with nylon bristlesbecame popular?8. Why were the consumers not entirely satisfied with nylon bristles at first?C. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. Most are made of soft nylon bristles.B. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. DC. 1. In Egypt, tombs from 3,000 years before Christ contained small tree branches whoseends had been frayed into soft fibers.2. In the 15th century, Europeans usually use a goose feather toothpick, or one made ofsilver or copper to care for their teeth.3. People used animals’ hair for dental care right up until the 20th century when nylonwas invented.4. In 1937, in the Du Pont laboratories in Nemours, U.S., nylon was invented byWallace H. Carothers.5. Certain African and American populations still use tree branches to care for theirteeth.D. 1. Other animals’ hair was also used for dental care, right up until this century. But itwas the poor Siberian wild boar that took the brunt of it.2. In 1937, nylon was invented by Wallace H. Carothers. In 1938, this new materialbecame a symbol of modernism and prosperity. The wild boars were finally off thehook!Part 4 NewsNews item 1 Europe’s Migrant CrisisScriptA. Listen to the news item and answer the following questions. Then give a briefsummary about the news item.As migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe, European Union (EU) members held an emergency summit in Brussels.They hope to agree on how to deal with this large movement of refugees and migrants into Europe. The refugees are coming from countries hurt by war and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.News reports say the EU members pledged* to better control European borders from mass migration.The number of refugees could grow into the millions, not thousands, warned the European Union President Donald Tusk.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical*” that European countries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his words, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”Also at the meeting, the European interior ministers offered new aid to Turkey and other countries that are hosting refugees.Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries toward a preferred final destination. For many, that is Germany or Austria.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. Migrants and refugees continue to rush into Europe due to war and poverty in MiddleEast and Africa.2. EU member states held an emergency summit in Brussels.3. They pledged to better control European borders from mass migration.4. They offered new aid to Turkey because it is one of the countries that is hosting alarge number of refugees.5. It is Germany or Austria.This news item is about Migrant crisis in Europe.B. 1. At the emergency summit, the EU president sa id that it is “critical” that Europeancountries end their disagreement over the migrant crisis.2. Meanwhile, migrants continue to move through European countries and the numbergrows into the millions, which causes a lot of chaos.C.Mr. Tusk is hosting the emergency summit. He said it is “critical” that Europeancountries end their disagreement over the migrants. He said they need to agree on a plan, in his wor ds, “in place of the arguments and the chaos we have witnessed.”News item 2 African Nations Seeking Greater Power at UNScriptA. Listen to the news item and decide whether the following statements are true (T) orfalse (F). Then give a brief summary about the news item.The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nations to have more power and influence at the United Nations.President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and President Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea say the continent should have at least one permanent seat on the powerful U.N. Security Council.The two leaders spoke during a visit to Zimbabwe by Nguema as they prepare for the meeting of the African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.They also spoke about peace, security and terrorism in Africa. And Nguema said Africannations must work to become economically independent, just as they have become politically independent.He said Africa should have two seats on the U.N. Security Council. But the continent should at least have one, he said, with the power to veto*, or cancel, resolutions.The United States, Russia, Britain, China and France have permanent seats on the council, with veto powers. There are also 10 non-permanent members. These nations serve on the Council for two years. They cannot veto resolutions.B. Listen to the news item again and complete the following sentences.KeyA. 1. The leaders of Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea are calling for African nationsto have more power and influence at the United Nations.2. Both presidents think the African continent should have at least two permanentseats on the powerful U.N. Security Council.3. The two presidents also discussed issues of poverty, security and terrorism inAfrica.4. President of Zimbabwe said that African nations must work to becomeeconomically independent, just as they have become politically independent.5. There are 10 non-permanent members who serve on the UN Security Council fortwo years. They cannot veto resolutions.This news item is about African countries seeking more power and influence at UN.B. 1. President of Equatorial Guinea visited Zimbabwe in preparation for the meeting ofthe African Union General Assembly later this month in Ethiopia.2. Both leaders think African nations should have the permanent seat on the Councilwith the power to veto, or cancel resolutions.C.And Nguema said African nations must work to become economically independent, justas they have become politically independent.Section Three Oral WorkRetellingA Sailor’s LifeScriptListen to a passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once. You can write down some key words and phrases.In these days of jet travel, when a trans-Atlantic journey is a matter of a few hours only, it is hard to imagine what travel must have been like a century or two ago, when the only means of travelling vast distances was by sailing boat.A sailor’s life must have been hard, ind eed. Apart from the dangers of life at sea, theremust have been extreme boredom to contend with*, because each journey lasted manyweeks.To pass the time, sailors developed hobbies and crafts. Some sailors drew pictures.Others carved things out of wood, or painted. One of the strangest arts that was developed by these sailors of long ago, was the art of putting a ship into a bottle. And it was an art, because the ships were usually fully-rigged*, and stood much taller than the width of the bottle necks through which they had been placed.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 PassageInternet Overtaking TV among ConsumersScriptA. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you willhear.The Internet is drawing hordes of people away from their television sets but will have to become more like TV if it wants to boost its mass appeal to consumers, computer industry executives say.In any event, the two media are converging rapidly in a trend that will accelerate when digital broadcasting replaces the dominant analog television system around the world.In a recently completed survey by Dell Computer Corporation, customers prefer to be on the Internet than to watch television at home.People predict the distinction between television and the Internet — the global network of computer networks — will soon start to blur.This will lead to customized newspapers and video called up at the touch of a button asa powerful rival to television. This is a slowly adapting marketplace, but broadcast televisionmight diminish.The breakthrough will come when digital broadcasting puts television on the same technological footing as computers.At the point when the television signal that the average person gets is digital, there is tremendous leverage to browsing the Internet model and the digital bits that you see on your screen.To get to the 70, 80, 90 percent kind of market that television has, computer industry has to have a model that looks a lot more like television and a lot more like entertainment than any of us have seen so far. By that time the Internet might crowd out television in the battle for consumers.The consumer is slow to adapt always. You can push the cost down and simplify things, but consumer behavior is very, very difficult to change.On the hardware front, the trend is toward affordable computers rather than high-powered machines. People want to see very simple, low-cost devices. You don’t need the complexity if you just have a limited set of tasks.Questions:1. What is true about the Internet?2. What happens to the Internet and TV when the digital broadcasting system isadopted?3. What does the recent survey made by Dell Computer Corporation prove?4. What happens when television is put on the same rank as computers by digitalbroadcasting?5. What will happen when television signal is digital?6. What will computer industry do to get to a high percentage of market shares?7. What is true in terms of changing consumer behavior?8. In terms of hardware, what do consumers prefer?B. Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.KeyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. AB. 1. It will have to become more like TV.2. People predict the distinction between television and the Internet will soon start toblur.3. When computer industry has a model that looks a lot more like television andentertainment.4. Yes, it can.5. They want very simple, low-cost devices.Part 2 VideoSmartphone App to Bridge ASEAN Language BarriersScriptWatch the video film and answer the questions.The ASEAN One application will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 languages of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as well as English.The Thai company developing the software, iGnite Asia, says it is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.CEO Jirath Pavaravadhana says if successful, the y will expand the application’s capabilities.“The language would be the main theme, but, apart from language, you would have currencies, dir ectories, map and everything.”Head of marketing Nataphol Pavaravadhana says it will also be a useful tool for students studying a neighboring country’s language.“So we intend to penetrate the market by using the university connection, and another one is government support.”The Thai company says it hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’s goal of forming an economic community by 2015.ASEAN One is expected to be released around June and will be paid for through advertising, making it free for consumers.Key1. It will translate about a hundred useful phrases into the 10 regional languages of theAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations and English.2. It is aimed mainly at frequent business travelers.3. It will provide almost all sources of information, such as currencies, directories andmap.4. It will also be a useful tool for students learning the language of a neighboringcountry.5. It hopes ASEAN countries promote the application as a tool that can help ASEAN’sgoal of forming an economic community by 2015.。

UNIT1Section OnePart1Spot DictationHouses in the FutureWell,I think houses in the future will probably be(1)guite small but I should think they'll be(2)well-insulated so that you don't need so much(3)heating and(4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical(5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country,perhaps we(7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of(8) electronic gadgets:things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up … the screen(9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes,you'll have things like(10) garage doors which open automatically when you(11) drive up, perhaps electronic(12) sensors which will(13) recognize you when you, when you come to the front door even.Perhaps(14) a rchitects and designers will be a bit more(15) imaginative about how houses are designed and perhaps with the(16) shortage of space people will think of putting gardens(17) on the roof and, and maybe rooms can be(18) expanded and,and(19) contracted depending on what you use them for,so perhaps there'll be a bit more (20) flexibility about that.Part2Listening for GistA:Tuesday two fifteen.Let me lookin my diaryB:No.ThursdayA:Oh,I'm sorry.I thought you said Tuesday.B:Thursday two fifteen.No,I'm sorry.I've got an appointment until three.Could we make it later?Say three fifteen?A:Well,there's a lot to talk about.It'll take a couple ofhours, at least.B:Shall we say Monday morning,then?A: Monday morning. All right. Nine o'clock?B:Nine.I think that will be all right.I'll ring you backand confirm.A:All right.But ring before five,couldyou?B:All right.A:Right you are.Bye.B:ByeExercise.Directions:Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This dialogue is about making an appointment.2.The key words are Tuesday.Thursday.two fifteen.three fifteen.Mondaymorning.nine o'clockSection Two Listening comprehensionPart1DialogueI'm terribly sorry I'm lateWoman: Listen!I'm terribly sorry I'm late.Man:Oh,that's all right.It doesn't really matter,does it?I haven't got anything better to do,have I?Woman:Just let me explain,will you?Man:I've only been waiting for over an hour.That's all.Woman:Yes.Iknow,and Iwould have…Man: After all,my time isn't really that important,is it?Woman:Please don't be like that.Justlet me explain.(Silence.Man says nothing.)Woman:I…Itried to get here in time but just after Ileft home,the car broke down.Man:The car broke down?Woman:Yes,and…well…luckily…there was a garage near me.And.…and ittook them a while to repair it.Man:Why didn't you at least phone?Woman:I would have!But I didn't know the number of the restaurant.Man:You could have looked it up in the telephone book!Woman:Yes,but…you'll never believe this.…I couldn't remember the name of the restaurant.I knew where it was,but forgot the name.Man:I see.Well,at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car. Woman:Yes.It was something I couldn't do myself.It didn't take too long,but that's why I'm late, you see.Man:Uh-huh.Which garage,by the way?Woman:Pardon?Man:Which garage did you take it to?Woman:Uh…the one near my flat.You know.Lewis Brothers.Man:Yes,I know that garage.It's the only one near your flat.Woman:Hmm,well now,let's have something to eat.Uh,what about some…Man: I know the garage very well!Woman: Yes.Let's see now.Yes, I think I'll have some . …Man: A pity it's Sunday.Woman:Pardon?Man: A pity it's Sunday. That garage is closed on Sunday!ExerciseDirections:Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.They are possibly boyfriend and girlfriend.2.In a restaurant.3."It doesn't really matter,does it?I haven't got anything better to do,have I?""I've only been waiting for over anhour.That's all""After all,my time isn't really thatimportant,is it?""Well,at least it was lucky you found a garage to repair your car."4.Because she wants to stop the conversation like this.5.Because he knows the girl is lying.Part2PassageThe Oscar Statuette1.Industry insiders and members of the press called the award"the Academy statuette","the golden trophy"or"the statue of merit",but the term never stuck.2.No hard evidence exists to support that tale,but in any case,by the sixth Awards Presentation in1934,a Hollywood columnist used the name in his column.3.Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his Animated Feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.4.If the statuettes don't meet strict quality control standards,they are immediately cut in half and melted down.5.The large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices via air express,with no identifiable markings.The Oscar statuette,designed by MGM's*chief art director Cedric Gibbons, depicts a knight holding a crusader's* sword, standing on a reel of film with five spokes, signifying the original branches of the Academy:Actors,Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.Born in 1928,years would pass before the Academy Award of Merit was officially named "Oscar".Industry insiders and members of the press called the award "the Academy statuette","the golden trophy”or "the statue of merit".The entertainment trade paper, Weekly Variety, even attempted to popularize "the iron man". The term never stuck.A popular story has been that an Academy librarian and eventual executive director,Margaret Herrick,thought the statuette resembled her uncle Oscar and said so,and that as a result the Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar.No hard evidence exists to support that tale,but in any case,by the sixth Awards Presentation in1934,Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky used the namein his column in reference to Katharine Hepburn's first Best Actress win.The Academy itself didn't use the nickname officially until 1939.Since its conception, the Oscar statuette has met exacting uniform standards - with a few notable exceptions. In the 1930s, juvenile players received miniature replicas* of the statuette; a ventriloquist* Edgar Bergen was presented with a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth;and Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and seven miniature statuettes on behalf of his animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.Between 1942 and 1944,in support of the war effort, Oscars were made of plaster.After the War,winners turned in the temporary awards for golden Oscar statuettes.The traditional Oscar statuette, however, hasn't changed since the 1940s,when the base was made higher. In 1945, the base was changed from marble to metal and in 1949,Academy Award statuettes began to be numbered, starting with No.501.Approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer, R.S.Owens.If they don't meet strict quality control standards,the statuettes are immediately cut in half and melted down.Each award is individually packed into a Styrofoam container slightly larger than a shoebox.Eight of these are then packed into a larger cardboard box, and the large boxes are shipped to the Academy offices in Beverly Hills via air express,with no identifiable markings.On March10,2000,55Academy Awards mysteriously vanished en route from the Windy City$to the City of Angels.Nine days later,52of stolen statuettes werediscovered.For eight decades,the Oscars have survived war,weathered earthquakes,and even managed to escape unscathed*from common thieves.Since1995,however,R. S.Owens has repaired more than160statuettes."Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer*and into the gold,"explains the company president."Or maybe people stored them someplace where they corroded.”Although he stresses that the statuette is made to endure,Siegel offers this sage advice to all Oscar winners:"If it gets dusty,simply wipe it with a soft dry cloth."Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionEvery January,the attention of the entertainment community and of film fans around the world turns to the upcoming Academy Awards,the highest honor in filmmaking.The annual presentation of the Oscars has become the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences'most famous activity.The Oscar Statuette is a knight holding a crusader's sword,standing on a reel of film with five spokes.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections:Listening to some sentences and write them down.You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections:Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1.There were five original branches of the Academy.(Because the five spokes on the reel of film signify the original branches ofthe Academy;Actors,Writers,Directors, Producers, and Technicians.)F 2.The Academy Award of Merit was officially named"Oscar"in1928.(Born in1928,years would pass before the Academy Award of Merit wasofficially named"Oscar.")T 3.The Academy staff began referring to the Academy statuette as Oscar because Margaret Herrick said the statuette was like her uncle Oscar.(An Academy librarian and eventual executive director,MargaretHerrick,thought the statuette resembled her uncle Oscar and said so,andas a result the Academy staff began referring to it as Oscar.)F4.Since its conception,the Oscarstatuette has met exacting uniform standards. (There were a few notable exceptions.In1930s,juvenile players received miniature replicas of the statuette and a ventriloquist Edgar Bergen gained a wooden statuette with a moveable mouth.Walt Disney was honored with one full-size and sevenminiature statuettes.)T5.Oscars were made of plaster in the1940s because of the War.(Between1942and1944,in support of the war effort,Oscars were made of plaster.) T6.The manufacturer,R.S.Owens makes about50Oscars each year in Chicago. (Approximately50Oscars are made each year in Chicago by the manufacturer,R.S. O)wens.)F7.55Academy Awards were stolen by a mysterious person en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels on March10,2000.(On March 10,2000,55 Academy Awards just mysteriously vanished en route from the Windy City to the City of Angels, but how and by whom was unknown.)F8.For eighty years,the Oscars have survived war,weathered earthquakes, managed to escape unscathed from common thieves and even chemical corrosion. (Since1995,however,R.S.Owens has repaired more than160statuettes."Maybe somebody used chemicals on them to polish them and the chemicals rubbed right through the lacquer and into the gold.")Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections:Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The traditional Oscar statuette hasn't changed since the1940s,when the basewas made higher.In1945,the base was changed from marble to metal and in1949,AcademyAward statuettes began to be numbered,starting with No.501.2.(Open)Section ThreeNews Item2President Obama says Washington and Beijing must cooperate to tackle the big problem facing the world.Mr Obama spoke to high-level American and Chinese officials as they launched a two-day meeting in Washington.The US-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue is to discuss a broad agenda from currency concerns to foreign policy.The president said the officials must work together to tackle worldwide challenges, including the global economic recession, climate change,and the spread of nuclear weapons.The president said he is under no illusion the United States and China will agree on every issue,or always see the world in the same way. And he made clear that he will continue to speak out about human rights.President Obama streesed that it is these differences that make dialogue even more important. He said these discussions give the two sides a chance to get to know each other better and communicate with candor.Exercise ADirections:Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the high-level US-China talks Obama opens.Exercise BNews Item3The oil Russia pumps from its frozen, Siberian fields,with one energy deal,will soon provide a significant amount of China's daily needs,about four percent.Russia will deliver about 300,000 barrels of crude a day,In return, China will finance the pipeline Russia will build from its eastern Siberian oil fields to the Chinese border.Energy analysts say the deal ia another indication of Russia's eagerness to shift some of its energy exports from its main market, Europe.Russia's state-owned petroleum company Roseneft, will get $15 billion of the work and the state pipeline owner Transneft,is set to receive $10billion.Construction has been delayed repeatedly as the two countries bargained over the cost of transporting crude oil to the border.But the Russian oil industry,which for decades has been a main source of revenue for the country, has suffered a dramatic shortfall as the price of oil fell during the global economic crisis.They say Russia also is seeking allies in the east where the Kremlin is scen more favourably than in the west.Exercise ADirections:Listening to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the oil supply from Russion to China and the relationship between the two countries.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature reportChina is a world growth leader,its cheap,manufactured exports power economies around the globe.This means, though, China is not immune to the global economic malaise. Chinese exports have slowed and its bull market droj pped sharply in the wake of the credit crisis in the United States.The government bought up stocks and lowered trading taxes to boost the market, but trading remains volatile.Just ahead of the G-20 meeting,China also lowered interest rates and announced a $586 billion spending package on infrastructure, social services and tax rebates.The world is now waiting to see whether Beijing's actions will help restore global economic stability.Li Wan-Yong is a researcher on economics at South Korea's Hyundai Research Institute.“China has the most foreign currency reserves in the world and the second most US debt after Japan. In those terms, China can play an important role to overcome the global economic crisis and the Asican economic crisis.”China's Vice Foreign Minisrer He Yafei says China can best help the world economy by stabilizing its own.“China's economy makes up a large part of the world economy.Whether or not China's economy is able to maintain stability and continue growing,whether or not China's domestic economy is stable, is veryimportant not only to China's but to the world's economy.”Analysts say the government spending package will to some degree help exporters, but is mainly aimed at increasing domestic consumption.Bill McCahill is with China-based research firm J.L.McGregor and Company.“This is a leadership,after all, that is composed of, the better ones are good engineers.These are not people who are terribly outward looking and outward focused. And they get up in the morning wondering how they're going to take care of1.4 or 1.5 billion people in their home country, not homeowners in Los Angeles.”Slowing demand from the US and other countries has forced thousands of Chinese factories to close and raised fears of unrest as miilions are expected to lose their jobs.Chinese officials warn exports will continue to suffer because of the global slump, indicating the worst may be yet to come.Exercise ADirections:Listening to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about China's main cocern at the G-20meeting which is aimed at increasing domestic aonsumption.Exercise BDirections:Listen to the news again and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1.the G-20meeting2.tnterest rates3.$586billion spending package4.tax rebates5.will help restore global economic stability6.vice Foerign Minister7.stabilizing its own8.is able to maintain stability9.China's10.the world’s economy11.spending package12.increasing domestic consumptionPart2PassageRise and Fall of Egypt1.The Nile River was a kind friend but occasionally a hard taskmaster of thepeople who lived along its banks.2.In due course of time,one man who grew more powerful than most of hisneighbors became their King.3.Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thought just,he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty Osiris.4.It was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed him of hispossessions.5.Egypt regained a semblance of independence when one of Alexander's generalsset himself up as king of a new Egyptian state.The Nile River* was a kind friend but occasionally it was a hard taskmaster*. It taught the people who lived along its banks the noble art of"teamwork".Theydepended upon each other to build their irrigation trenches and keep their dikes in repair.In this way they learned how to get along with their neighbors and their mutual-benefit-association quite easily developed into an organized state.Then one man grew more powerful than most of his neighbors and he became the leader of the community and their commander-in-chief when the envious neighbors of western Asia invaded the prosperous valley.In due course of time he became their King and ruled all the land from the Mediterranean to the mountains of the west.But these political adventures of the old pharaohs*(the word meant"the Man who lived in the Big House")rarely interested the patient and toiling peasant of the grain fields.Provided he was not obliged to pay more taxes to his King than he thought lust,he accepted the rule of pharaoh as accepted the rule of Mighty OsirisIt was different however when a foreign invader came and robbed him of his possessions.After twenty centuries of independent life, a savage Arab tribe of shepherds, called the Hyksos, attacked Egypt and for five hundred years they were the masters of the valley of the Nile.They were highly unpopular and great hate was also felt for the Hebrews who came to the land of Goshen*to find a shelter after their long wandering through the desert and who helped the foreign usurper*by acting as his tax-gatherers and his civil servants.But shortly after the year1700B.C.,the people of Thebes began a revolutionand after a long struggle the Hyksos were driven out of the country and Egypt was free once more.A thousand years later,when Assyria*conquered all of western Asia,Egypt became part of the empire of Sardanapalus*.In the seventh century B.C.,it became once more an independent stateExercise A Pre-listening Question,It is the Great Pyramid of Giza probably.The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a20-year period.The site was first prepared,and blocks of stoneExercise B Sentence Dictationwere transported and placed.An outer casing(which disappeared over the years) was then used to smooth the surface.Although it is not known how the blocks were put in place,several theories have been proposed. One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded. This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place. A second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot.1.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections:Listen to some sentences and write them down.You will hear eachsentence three times.Exercise C Detailed listeningDirections:Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.D8.CExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections:Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The last Egyptian queen,Cleopatra,tried her best to save the country when the Romans came in the year39B.C.Her beauty and charm were more dangerous to the Roman generals than half a dozen Egyptian army corps.She was successful twice in her attacks upon the hearts of her Roman conquerors.In the year30B.c,, Augustus landed in Alexandria and destroyed her armies.She killed herself by taking poison.2(Open)。