【6A文】考研英语长难句讲义
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2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.【翻译】也许比起过去,我们现在对世界知道得更多了,并且只要知道是理解的前提,那就没啥问题。
但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样,真的就是理解的前提。
【语法分析】第一句是一个并列复合句。
首先,在大的层面上,它是一个并列句,用and连接起来。
其次,在小的层面上,第一个分句是一个主从复合句,Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句,than we used to是一个比较状语从句。
在这里used to表示“过去曾经”,后面省略了know.所以,这是一个并列复合句。
第二个分句也是主从复合句,that's all to the good是主句,意思是“那就是好的,没问题的”。
主句前面的句子是条件状语从句,insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语,加上as后,意思是to the extent that,“到......的程度”,“在......的范围内”,我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词,引导一个条件状语从句。
所以这句话的意思就是“在知道是理解的前提这个范围之内,上面那句话确实是对的。
”并列句与并列复合句的区别,就是并列句的两个分句都是简单句。
而并列复合句是至少有一个分句是主从复合句。
第二句是一个主从复合句。
as is commonly supposed是一个比较状语从句,用as ... as表示比较,前面是主句。
化繁为简—破解英语长难句一长难句基本句型特征考研英语长难句的是如何构成的?命题人员在英语原文基础上进行改造时,主要从结构上通过四种方式来使句子更加复杂:1、复合从句2、成分省略3、使用插入成分4、改变句序这四种方式往往相互结合,形成错综复杂的句子,即混合型句子。
目的是提高难度,增强干扰,打断和打乱考生的思维,从而达到检验考生阅读能力和的目标。
下面分别对这四种方式进行解析。
我们要时刻牢记的一点是,考试中的长难句绝大多数为主谓宾或主系表结构,其它成分都是围绕这三个主要成分其中之一。
这就是所有长难句的核心和本质。
必须牢记。
最常见的是围绕主语和宾语(表语)我们要根据这些次要成分的位置和字面意义来推测它们和主干意群的逻辑关系。
在切分意群时,意群的大小根据自己实际理解能力来分解。
标准就是看一眼就能理解的信息(短语或者句子)。
经过训练后,我们看一眼就能把握的意群会越来越多,从而完成从菜鸟到“大虾”的转变。
请看下面例句:The fact that these people live near famous caves, which contain vivid paintings from Europe‟s early humans, leads him to the conclusion that they are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the first modern humans in Europe, who supposedly migrated from Africa. (46 words)我们需要做的就是把句子意群切开,化繁为简,分而治之。
目前大多数同学会看到后面的信息就忘掉前面的信息,一句话反复读,但总理不清头绪,浪费大量时间。
通过训练,我们将学会如何快速解开错综复杂的意群,避免信息杂乱无章,清晰地把握句子的含义。
在这里强调,在初级阶段一定要动手做标记,不迈出这一步,我们会永远停留在看到长难句就头脑混乱直到短路的阶段。
考研长难句分析课件•引言•长难句的句法结构分析•长难句的词汇特点与应对策略•长难句的翻译技巧与实践目•长难句的仿写与创作•长难句在考研英语写作中的应用录引言提升阅读理解能力长难句是考研英语阅读中的难点和重点,掌握长难句的分析技巧有助于提升阅读速度和准确性。
增强翻译能力长难句的翻译是考研英语翻译部分的重要考点,通过学习和练习长难句的翻译,可以提高翻译水平。
拓展写作思路掌握长难句的表达方式和写作技巧,可以丰富英语写作的表达手段,提升写作水平。
考研英语长难句的重要性长难句的定义与特点定义特点学习目标与要求学习目标通过本课程的学习,学生能够熟练掌握长难句的分析方法,提高阅读、翻译和写作能力。
学习要求学生需要具备一定的英语语法基础,能够识别和分析句子的基本成分和语法结构,同时需要具备一定的词汇量和阅读理解能力。
在学习过程中,学生需要积极参与课堂讨论和练习,认真完成课后作业和练习,不断巩固和加深对长难句的理解和掌握。
长难句的句法结构分析01020304主语和谓语的基本构成主语和谓语的扩展形式主谓一致的原则和特殊情况主语和谓语的省略与倒装主谓结构及其扩展02030401并列句与复合句并列连词及其用法并列句的结构和分类从属连词及其用法复合句的结构和分类定语从句与状语从句定语从句的结构和分类关系代词和关系副词的用法插入语与同位语01插入语的定义和用法02同位语的定义和用法03插入语与同位语的辨析04插入语与同位语在句子中的作用长难句的词汇特点与应对策略高级词汇的识别与理解识别高级词汇01理解高级词汇的引申义02积累高级词汇031 2 3一词多义的应对熟词僻义的应对积累一词多义和熟词僻义的例子一词多义与熟词僻义的应对词组搭配与习惯用法的积累词组搭配的积累习惯用法的积累长难句的翻译技巧与实践直译与意译的选择直译意译根据汉语表达习惯,对原句语序进行适当调整,如将时间、地点状语放在句首,将长定语放在被修饰词之后等。
增词减词为了更准确地表达原文含义,有时需要增加或减少一些词语,如补充主语、宾语、连词等,或删除重复、冗余的词语。
考研英语常考长难句结构解析附译文Their data was analyzed using statistical software to find out whether those who experienced a higher frequency of distressing dreams were more likely to go on to experience cognitive decline and be diagnosed with dementia.【词汇】statistical [stəˈtɪstɪkl] adj. 统计的,统计学的frequency [ˈfriːkwənsi] n. 频率distressing dreams 噩梦cognitive decline 认知能力下降diagnose [ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊs] v. 诊断dementia [dɪˈmenʃə] n. 痴呆【句子结构】✔句子主干:Their data was analyzed✔状语1:using statistical software✔状语2:to find out...✔宾语从句:whether those were more likely to go on to experience cognitive decline and be diagnosed with dementia✔定语从句:who experienced a higher frequency of distressing dreams 【原文】Their data was analyzed using statistical software to find out whether those who experienced a higher frequency of distressing dreams were more likely to go on to experience cognitive decline and be diagnosed with dementia.【译文】他们利用统计软件对数据进行分析,研究更频繁做噩梦的人认知能力下降、确诊痴呆症的可能性是否增加。
考研英语常考长难句结构解析附译文In the past, national merger guidelines made it clear that firms needed to seek approval to wed—typically if their combined sales or market share exceeded a certain threshold.【词汇】merger [ˈmɜːrdʒər] n. 合并guideline [ˈɡaɪdlaɪn] n. 指南,指导方针approval [əˈpruːvl] n. 批准,同意wed [wed] v. 合并(wed本身作动词译为“结婚”,句中指的是企业间的“合并”)combined sales 合并销售额market share 市场份额,市场占有率exceed [ɪkˈsiːd] v. 超出,超过threshold [ˈθreʃhoʊld] n. 门槛,界,标准【句子结构】✔句子主干:national merger guidelines made it clear...✔宾语从句(形式宾语句):that firms needed to seek approval to wed✔状语从句:typically if their combined sales or market share exceeded a certain threshold【原文】In the past, national merger guidelines made it clear that firms needed to seek approval to wed—typically if theircombined sales or market share exceeded a certain threshold.【译文】过去,国家兼并指南已明确指出,通常在合并企业销售额总和或市场份额总和超过一定标准等情况下,企业合并需要得到监管部门的同意。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析前置引用That,of course,is too simple. The reason is that there are two possible relations between your mind and the book, not just one. These two relations are exemplified by two different experiences that you can have in reading your book.【翻译】那样想当然太简单了。
原因是在你的大脑和书之间有两种可能的关系,而不仅仅是一种关系。
这两种关系可以通过两种不同的经历来加以例证,这两种不同的经历是你在读书的时候体验到的。
【语法分析】第一句是一个简单句,主系表。
注意这里的主语that指的是上一段的最后一句话,也就是your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.作者的意思是,如果你要那样想,那就太简单,太肤浅了,就想错了。
第二句是一个主从复合句,也是一个主系表结构。
但是它的表语是一个由that引导的表语从句。
表语从句是一个there be句型。
第三句也是一个主从复合句,被动语态。
介词短语by two different experiences是状语。
在experiences的后面还跟了一个定语从句that you can have in reading your book,修饰前面的experiences.(你在读书时可能会体验到的经历)。
You have a mind. Now let us suppose that you also have a book that you want to read. The book consists of language written by someone for the sake of communicating something to you. Your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.【翻译】小标题: 阅读的目的: 为了获取信息而阅读,以及为了理解而阅读你有一个大脑。
2018考研英语长难句解析(6)以下是英语教研室的老师整理的2018考研英语长难句解析(6),希望对大家有所帮助!基础阶段的复习主要是夯实基础,即单词和语法的工作,语法中的长难句分析是令诸多考生头疼的问题,下面以2个长难句进行解说。
1. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.第一步:找句子主干。
对于任何一个长难句来说,句子主干是句子的灵魂,只要拎清主干信息,问题基本就解决了。
对于本句来说:Energy conservation, a shift and a decline have reduced oil consumption. 可译为:能源节约(或保护)、转移以及降低,减少了石油消耗量。
第二步:将修饰成分加入翻译中,可译为:能源节约(或保护)、向其他燃料的转移以及降低,减少了石油消耗量。
第三步:对句子进行完善。
可译为:能源节约、燃料替换以及能源密集的重工业的重要性的降低,这些都减少了石油消耗量。
2. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.第一步:找句子主干。
对于本句来说:whether A or B is an unanswered question. 可译为:然而,是,还是,是一个没有被回答的问题。
考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型,它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外,定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系,说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend just cannot hold water, for I saw her at home just now.例3.However, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
2020考研英语:历年长难句的解析(6)考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:历年长难句的解析(6)”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语:历年长难句的解析(6)The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: " We are aware of impact and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people".1.重点词汇及短语:State 陈述,声明newly adv. 新近,新revise v. 修订复习charter n.章程,宪章impact n. 撞击力,冲击巨大影响Danish Fashion Ethical Charter丹麦时装伦理章程2.句子成分分析:本句的主干部分为The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states。
后面为阐述的观点,也是一个独立的句子,在该部分里We are aware of impact 为主干,后面为省略了that的定语从句,对先行词impact进行解释说明,并且该部分中especially on young people作为插入语,补充说明前面的body ideals,意思是“对时尚产业尤其对年轻人在理想体型方面有着重要的影响”。
插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
3.参考译文:新修订的《丹麦道德时尚宪章》明确指出:“时尚产业对人们&mdash&mdash尤其是年轻人,在对理想体型追求方面有着重要的影响,我们意识到自己的这种影响并将担负起相应的责任。
考研英语长难句课程讲义课程简介:1.内容:考研真题长难句2.原因:长难句贯穿完形,阅读,翻译,对写作也有借鉴作用3.目标:看得懂长难句(阅读)➡会翻译长难句(翻译)➡会写长难句(写作)4.课时安排:8月份5次课I.理论+区分主从句II.翻译技巧与定语从句专题III.名词性从句专题IV. 长难句中的并列专题V. 特殊的长难句(倒装句省略句等)和综合练习学习方法:1.长“难”句难在哪儿?生词+复杂结构(主从/修饰关系)2.如何看懂长难句?两步走:第一步(宏观):分清主句从句第二步(微观):定位主句和从句内部的修饰成分(定/状语为主)3.简单复习语法:谓语与动词的区别:谓语是句子成分,动词是词性,谓语一定是动词。
定语与状语的区别:定语修饰主语和宾语(名/代),状语修饰动词,形容词和句子什么是简单句?一切复杂句(并列句/复合句/复杂复合句)都是由五种简单句而来:i.主语+谓语My skin burns.ii.主语+谓语(系动词)+表语I am a teacher./You l ook good.iii.主语+谓语+直接宾语I l ove you.iv.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语The firm gave Sam a watch.v.主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语You make me happy.什么是并列句?一般由并列连词and, but, so, yet连接,或者由“;”连接。
各个并列句同等重要且独立存在。
举例:I know you, and/but/so/yet I hate you.什么是主从复合句?形容词性从句(定语从句):从句作定语,修饰名词,代词或整个句子。
先行词和关系代词(引导词)。
定语从句常见引导词有which, that, who, whose, whom, when, where, as, whereby例子:A d octor examined the astronauts who returned from space today.名词性从句:主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。
2020考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析六考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析六”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析六( 2011年 Section I Use of English 第9段第1句)The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts,who worry th at the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet vulnerable.译文:该计划还受到了一些电脑安全专家的怀疑,他们担心Schmidt 先生所构想的“自愿生态系统”仍然会让因特网的许多地方脆弱不堪。
分析:本句的句子结构是:The plan(主语)+ has also been greeted with(谓语)+ skepticism(宾语)+ by some computer security experts(状语)。
此后是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词some computer security experts。
该定语从句中又包含着that引导的宾语从句,做worry 的宾语。
在宾语从句中,envisioned by Mr. Schmidt 做修饰主语the “voluntary ecosystem”的后置定语,谓语是wouldstill leave,宾语是 much of the Internet,vulnerable是宾语补足语。
词汇指南greet [ɡri:t](vt.)问候,致意;迎接(高考词汇)(有学者认为,“greet-问候,致意”由“great-极好的”演变而来[a-e元音变化] → 所谓“问候、致意”,就是说好话、说“好”听的话。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析并列复合句As we said at the beginning, we will be principally concerned in these pages with the development of skill in reading books; but the rules of reading that, if followed and practiced, develop such skill, can be also applied to printed material in general,to any type of reading matter -- to newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, articles, tracts, even advertisments.3【翻译】正如我们在开头说过的,我们在这些页码里将主要专注于发展读书的技巧;然而,如果遵循并得以训练,那么这些阅读规则也可以应用于所有的印刷物,任何一种读物——报纸、杂志、手册、文章、小宣传册、甚至广告等。
【语法分析】这句话很长,是一个一句话的段落(a sentence paragraph,即一个段落只写了一句话)。
这是一个并列复合句。
所谓并列复合句,就是在大的、宏观层面上,是一个并列句,即句子是由两个地位平等的分句构成的,由并列连词连接。
例如这句是由but连接的,表示逆接,转折关系。
而在小的层面上,至少有一个分句是主从复合句,即含有从句和主句。
这样的句子就叫并列复合句。
现在我们来看第一个分句,分号前面的部分。
这是一个主从复合句。
as we said at the beginning是一个比较状语从句,“正如.....”,逗号后面的句子是主句。
在主句里,用了一个句型be concerned with...,意思是“关注”。
注意在本句里,这个短语中间插入了一个成分,in these pages,是插入语,在理解时,可以先把它放在一边,等找到介词with之后,再看它。
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考研英语高频长难句分析详解-全考点长难句Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.成分拆分主语Many consumers谓语seem宾语to have been influenced主语investors谓语view状语as a necessary ingredient定语to a sustained boom单词解释ingredient [ɪnˈgri:diənt] n. 因素boom [buːm] n. / v. 繁荣,轰鸣,激增swing [swɪŋ] vt. 挥舞,摆动n. 秋千语法分析本句是一个被动句型,逗号前面是句子的主干部分,逗号后面是which引导的非限定性定语从句,对stock -market swings 进行补充说明,其中as a necessary ingredient (to a sustained boom)作宾补。
译文许多消费者似乎受到了股市波动的影响,但投资者将此看作是持续繁荣的必要因素。
长难句At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.成分拆分主语the ABCs谓语get宾语their awards first主语most people谓语are literally having宾语 a ZZZ单词解释award [ə'wɔrd] n. 奖品,奖励ceremony [ˈserɪmənɪ] n. 典礼,仪式,礼节语法分析本句是一个并列句,由两个并列分句组成,中间以分号连接。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析强调句型Both are active, though the activities are different. If anything is passive, it is the ball. It is the inert thing that is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit or catch.【翻译】双方都是主动的,尽管活动不同。
如果有什么东西是被动的,那个东西就是棒球。
恰好是那个没有自主行动能力的球,被迫动了起来或者被停止。
而打棒球的人则是主动的,他跑动着去投球,击球或接球。
【语法分析】第一句虽然很短,但它是一个主从复合句。
though引导的是一个让步状语从句。
在英语里,状语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句的后面。
但是放在主句前面或者后面,强调的重点却是不一样的。
如果放在后面,强调的是主句。
放在前面,强调的是状语从句。
就像这句话,强调的是接球手和击球手都是主动的both are active这一共同点。
第二句也是一个主从复合句。
If引导的是一个条件状语从句,逗号后面是主句。
It指的是前面的anything.大家注意,这一句的条件状语从句就放在了主句的前面,强调了主句,与第一句里的both are active相对立。
第三句是一个并列句。
用whereas这个并列连词把两个分句连接起来。
whereas的意思相当于but,只是它的转折语气没有but那么强烈。
先看第一个分句。
这是一个强调句型,it is... that...It is后面跟的是被强调的成分,that后面跟的是其他成分。
强调句型是作者想强调句子中的某一个成分时,所使用的一种特殊句型。
打乱了句子的正常顺序,把被强调的成分先提出来,放在it is后面,其他成分的顺序则保持不变。
考研英语长难句突破课程讲义主讲:屠皓民欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材大家好,欢迎大家回到我们的新东方网络课堂!第一讲句子的基本成分句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。
注:“_____”的部分是主干部分。
例:Suchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidates.谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分,也是整个句子的突破口。
只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。
一、谓语1、实义动词,即行为动词,watch,play及物动词:后面直接宾语不及物动词:后面加介词+宾语Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.Theexaminationendedat11:30am.Theyarelookingforthelostwallet..不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用,比如close,begin,study,leave,work等Thepostofficescloseat9:00o’clockPM.Closethewindow!形式变化:时态变化,语态变化,用情态动词+实义动词的原型,情态动词+have+过去分词形式2、系动词(构成系表结构)Be动词持续的系动词:keep,taste,…后面加形容词Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.Thesearchproveddifficult.二、主语和宾语(1)认识名词:①名词是用来表示人,事物,地点,以及抽象事物名称的。
比如:人:John,sister,father事物:water,air,sun,computer地点:London,theater抽象事物:love,happiness,imagination,hope②名词的数:注意单复数③名词的格:‘s以及of逻辑语义:Rachel:I’mCarol’sex-husband'ssister'sroommate.Doctor:I’myourroommate'sbrother'sex-wife'sobstetrician.(产科医生)——老友记of:理清逻辑语义表示所有关系:翻译方法:“AofB”翻译成“B的A”Therapidityofthemotionofthewingofthehummingbirdisremarkable.Thecomingofageofpost-warbabyboombroughtremarkableinfluenceuponAmericansociety.特殊:Chinaisproudofitsfivethousandyearsofthehistoryandculture.(2)语法功能:充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。
例:The reasonsareclearnow.Why he murdered his wifeisclearnow.Hehasmadeclearthe facts.Hehasmadeclearwhat they had done yesterday.Itisthe question.Itiswhether the book is worth reading.Wefoundoutthemurderer,Tom.Wefoundoutthefactthat he was killed.注:代词与名词关系十分紧密,与名词形成特定的指代关系。
分为以下几类:人称代词:I/you/he/she/it/me/you/him/her/it形容词性物主代词:my/your/his/her/its/名词性物主代词:mine/yours/his/hers/its反身代词:myself/yourself/herself/himself/itself不定代词:every/both/all/none/something/anything/everything(注意否定)疑问代词:that/what/which/whose/who/whom(3)名词性结构:动名词与不定式①动名词与不定式做主语例:WatchingTVismyhobby.Gettingenoughvitaminsisessentialtolife.Reallyusingalanguageisnotaneasytask.(20KK完形)Findingwaystoassistthisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.(20KK.阅读)Knowingwhatyouaregoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence. Tomasteralanguageisnotaneasything.Toerr(犯错)ishuman;toforgive,divine(神圣的).Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastoffuture.②动名词与不定式做宾语例:Otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia. BadweatherpreventedhimfromstartingoutforBeijingontime.(20KKText1)Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.③动名词与不定式检测题(20KKText1)Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopenings(空缺)canbetime-consumingandinefficient……Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.(20KK完形)Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact. (4)主语从句、宾语从句注:把原来是词的位置转换成句就成了相应的从句。
①主语从句:that引导(陈述句)、whether(一般疑问句)、what等疑问词引导(特殊疑问句)。
ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact. Whetherhewillcometomypartymakesnodifferencetome.Whatweforget——whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting——isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.②宾语从句:that引导(可省—陈述句)、whether等疑问词引导(一般疑问句)。
I'veknownthatyouaremysourceofendlessinspiration.Idon'tknowif/whetherheneedsmyhelp.Idon'tknowhowhecancomehere.Hehasmadeclearwhattheyhaddoneyesterday.(5)从句检测题:Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformo rethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocates(倡导者)offree-marketeconomictheories.(1994.75)WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnolo gyoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.4.定语(1)形容词:Heisahandsomeboy.Heisaboywho is handsome.Weshouldknowtheculturepast and present.(2)形容词性从句:定语从句——限定性定语从句(that可)、非限定性定语从句(that否)。
Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine. Hestudieshardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichcontributestohissuccessinlaterlife.例:(20KK.47)Multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.①关系代词引导的定语从句:that引导(做连词可省)、which引导、who引导、whom引导、whose引导。
例:Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(模式)intowhichtheyplug(嵌入,套入)eachday’sevents. Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed.The“housingslave”isanewexpressioninChina,referringtopeoplewhousemostoftheirsalarytorepaybankloansduetosoaringhousingprices.注:先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,much,few,little序数词,形容词最高级,theonly.theone,thevery,theright和thelast等成分修饰时,用that.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.that不用在非限定性定语从句在中that不用在介词后面②关系副词引导的定语从句:when引导、where引导、why引导、whereby引导。