净化工段
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合成氨净化工段工艺流程英文回答:The purification process in the ammonia synthesis section is crucial for ensuring the production of high-quality ammonia. This process involves the removal of impurities, such as carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen sulfide, from the synthesized ammonia gas.The first step in the purification process is the removal of carbon dioxide. This is typically done using an absorption column, where the ammonia gas is brought into contact with a solvent, such as monoethanolamine (MEA). The carbon dioxide in the gas reacts with the MEA to form a soluble compound, which can then be separated from the ammonia gas.After the removal of carbon dioxide, the next step is the removal of water. Water is a common impurity in the ammonia gas and can have detrimental effects on downstreamprocesses. To remove water, the ammonia gas is passed through a series of adsorption beds containing a desiccant, such as molecular sieves. The desiccant selectively adsorbs the water molecules, allowing the dry ammonia gas to pass through.The final step in the purification process is the removal of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic and corrosive impurity that needs to be removed to meet product specifications. This is typically done using a chemical reaction with a scavenger, such as iron oxide or zinc oxide. The scavenger reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form a solid compound, which can then be separated from the ammonia gas.Overall, the purification process in the ammonia synthesis section involves the removal of carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen sulfide from the synthesized ammonia gas. This ensures the production of high-quality ammonia that can be used in various industrial applications.中文回答:合成氨净化工段的工艺流程对于确保高质量氨的生产至关重要。
净化工段操作问答低温甲醇洗1 什么叫溶解度?在一定温度下,溶质在100克溶剂中达到容剂及平衡时所溶解的克数。
2 什么叫分压力?在气体或液体的混合物中,某一组分所具有的压等于该组分的浓度比乘以系统的总压力,该组分的压力为分压力。
3 什么叫拉乌尔定律?溶液中溶剂的蒸汽压等于纯溶剂的蒸汽压于其摩尔分数的乘积,这就是拉乌尔定律。
用数学公式可表示为:P1=P10。
X1P1——同一温度下纯溶剂的蒸汽压P1——溶液中溶剂的蒸汽压X1——溶液中溶剂的摩尔分数4 什么叫亨利定律?在一定温度和平衡状态下,一种气体在液体里的溶解度和该气体的平衡分压成正比,这就是亨利定律。
用数学公式可表示为:P2=KX2式中:X2——平衡时气体在液体中的摩尔分数P2___平衡时液面上该气体的分压力K——亨利常数5 什么叫物理吸收,化学吸收?若溶入溶剂中的气体不与溶剂发生明显的化学反应,此种过程叫物理吸收。
若气体溶解后与溶剂或预先溶于溶剂里的其它物质进行化学反应,这种过程称为化学吸收。
6 什么叫平衡溶解度?在一定温度下,达到平衡时,吸收质在汽——液两相中的浓度不再改变,它是吸收过程进行的极限,把达到平衡时,吸收质在液相中的浓度称为平衡溶解度。
7 什么叫饱和蒸汽压?在一定温度下,气——液两相处于动态平衡的状态,称他为饱和状态,此时的汽相成为饱和蒸汽,饱和蒸汽所具有的压力成为饱和蒸汽压。
8 什么叫蒸发?蒸发的操作条件有哪些?通过加热使溶液里某一组分气化而将溶液增浓的操作叫蒸发。
蒸发的操作条件:溶液中溶剂应具有挥发性,溶质不应具有挥发性,必须持续供给溶剂气化的热能,并及时排走气化的蒸汽。
9 什么叫蒸馏?蒸馏分离的依据是什么?利用液体混合物在一定的压力下各组分挥发度不同的特性已达到分离的目的,这种过程叫蒸馏。
蒸馏分离的依据是组分之间沸点有区别。
10 影响吸收操作的因素有哪些?(1)气流速度(2)汽/液比(3)温度(4)压力(5)吸收剂纯度11 什么叫液泛?怎样避免造成液泛?造成塔内液体倒流的现象叫液泛,液泛时塔的压差将大幅度增大。
合成氨净化工段工艺流程英文回答:The process flow of ammonia purification in the synthesis ammonia plant involves several key steps. Firstly, the raw synthesis gas, which contains impurities such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and hydrogen sulfide, is fed into the desulfurization unit. In this unit, the hydrogen sulfide is removed through a chemical reaction with an absorbent, such as amine solution, resulting in a purified gas stream. This purified gas then enters the carbondioxide removal unit, where the carbon dioxide isselectively absorbed by a solvent, such as monoethanolamine. The remaining gas stream, now free of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, is further cooled and compressed before entering the methanation unit.In the methanation unit, any remaining traces of carbon monoxide are converted to methane through a catalytic reaction. This step is crucial to ensure the purity of thesynthesis gas, as carbon monoxide can poison the catalysts used in the subsequent steps. The methane-rich gas stream then proceeds to the final purification step, which involves the removal of any remaining trace impurities, such as nitrogen and oxygen.To remove nitrogen, the gas stream is passed through a cryogenic distillation unit, where it is cooled to extremely low temperatures. This causes nitrogen to condense and separate from the gas stream, resulting in a purified gas stream with reduced nitrogen content. Oxygen removal is typically achieved through the use of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit. In this unit, a specialized adsorbent material selectively adsorbs oxygen, allowing the purified gas stream to exit with minimal oxygen content.The final purified gas stream, now consisting mainly of hydrogen and nitrogen, is then ready for further processing in the ammonia synthesis reactor. In this reactor, nitrogen and hydrogen undergo a catalytic reaction to produce ammonia. The ammonia-rich gas stream is then cooled and condensed to liquid form, which is collected and stored forfurther use or transportation.中文回答:合成氨净化工段的工艺流程包括几个关键步骤。
煤制甲醇变换和净化工段流程煤制甲醇可是个超有趣的化学过程呢,今天咱们就来唠唠其中的变换和净化工段流程。
一、变换工段。
在煤制甲醇里呀,变换工段可重要啦。
这个工段主要是对煤气进行处理哦。
咱们知道,从造气来的煤气组成成分可复杂啦,有好多一氧化碳呢。
这一氧化碳呀,在变换工段就要发生神奇的变化啦。
这里有专门的变换炉,煤气就会进到这个变换炉里面。
在变换炉里,一氧化碳和水蒸气会发生反应。
这个反应就像是一场有趣的化学反应派对,一氧化碳和水蒸气一见面,就开始相互作用。
反应之后呢,一氧化碳的含量就会降低啦,同时还会产生氢气呢。
这个氢气可是好东西呀,在后面制甲醇的时候可有用啦。
而且哦,在变换工段还得控制温度呢。
就像我们照顾小宠物一样,得给它合适的温度环境。
如果温度不合适呀,这个反应就可能不好好进行啦。
所以这里有专门的温度调节装置,让反应能在最佳的温度条件下进行。
这样出来的气体呀,就比较符合后面工段的要求啦。
二、净化工段。
净化工段那也是相当厉害呢。
在经过变换工段之后,气体虽然有了一些改变,但是还是有不少杂质呢。
净化工段就像一个超级清洁小卫士一样,要把这些杂质都给清除掉。
这里面首先要做的就是脱硫啦。
硫这种东西在煤气里可不好,就像调皮的小捣蛋鬼。
要是不把它除掉,后面的设备可能就会被它搞坏呢。
有专门的脱硫装置,通过化学反应把硫给抓出来。
这样气体就变得干净一些啦。
除了脱硫,还要脱碳呢。
二氧化碳在煤气里也不少,得把它也弄出去。
有不同的脱碳方法,像是物理吸收法或者化学吸收法。
这就像是给煤气做了一场大清洁,把二氧化碳这个小麻烦给解决掉。
在净化工段,还得去除其他的一些微量杂质,像一些金属杂质呀之类的。
这些微量杂质虽然少,但是也可能会影响到后面制甲醇的质量呢。
就像一点点小沙子混在大米里,虽然少,但也得挑出来呀。
这里就会用到一些特殊的净化剂,把这些微量杂质吸附掉,让气体变得超级纯净。
经过这两个工段之后呀,气体就可以更好地进入到后面制甲醇的工段啦。
目录第一章概述 (1)第一节工艺流程简介 (1)第二节工艺仿真范围 (2)第三节控制回路一揽表 (3)第四节仪表一揽表 (4)第五节设备一揽表 (5)第二章装置冷态开工过程 (7)第一节脱碳系统开车 (7)第二节甲烷化系统开车 (8)第三节工艺冷凝液系统开车 (9)第四节净化岗位主要指标 (9)第三章装置正常停工过程 (11)第一节烷化停车步骤 (11)第二节脱碳系统停车步骤 (11)第三节工艺冷凝液系统停车 (11)第四章事故列表 (12)第一节101-E液位低联锁 (12)第二节102-F或121-F液位高联锁 (13)第三节甲烷化联锁 (13)第四节107-J跳车 (13)第五节106-J跳车 (14)第六节108-J跳车 (14)第七节尿素跳车 (15)第五章自动保护系统 (16)第六章评分细则 (17)第一节评分规则 (17)第七章仿DCS画面设计 (18)第一节DCS用户画面设计 (18)第二节现场操作画面设计 (18)第三节仿真画面列表 (18)附录 (23)第一章概述第一节工艺流程简介一、脱碳变换气中的CO2是氨合成触媒(镍的化合物)的一种毒物,因此,在进行氨合成之前必须从气体中脱除干净。
工艺气体中大部分CO2是在CO2吸收塔101-E中用活化aMDEA 溶液进行逆流吸收脱除的。
从变换炉(104-D)出来的变换气(温度60℃、MPa),用变换气分离器102-F将其中大部分水分除去以后,进入CO2吸收塔101-E下部的分布器。
气体在塔101-E内向上流动穿过塔内塔板,使工艺气与塔顶加入的自下流动的贫液(解吸了CO2的aMDEA溶液,40℃(TI_24))充分接触,脱除工艺气中所含CO2,再经塔顶洗涤段除沫层后出CO2吸收塔,出CO2吸收塔101-E后的净化气去往净化气分离器121-F,在管路上由喷射器喷入从变换气分离器(102-F)来的工艺冷凝液(由FICA17控制),进一步洗涤,经净化气分离器(121-F)分离出喷入的工艺冷凝液,净化后的气体,温度44℃MPa,去甲烷化工序(106-D),液体与变换冷凝液汇合液由液位控制器LICA26调节去工艺冷凝液处理装置。
净化工段操作章程一、岗位任务及管理范围1、岗位任务:将经焙烧工段含有一定量水分的高温炉气进行净化和降温,使炉气达到净化指标要求,送入干吸岗位。
2、管理范围:从动力波进口起至干燥塔进口止,包括在此区域内的建筑物,设备,管道,电器,仪表等。
二、工艺流程说明炉气净化采用动力波-填料洗涤塔-电除雾器酸洗净化流程。
填料洗涤塔循环稀酸用板式换热器冷却。
出焙烧工段的炉气温度约380℃,首先进入动力波洗涤器,以约50m/s的速度通过湍动区与喷淋的稀酸相接触,稀酸中的水分被快速蒸发同时炉气温度亦随之降低(绝热增湿过程),炉气中大部分的灰尘等杂质被除去,经绝热增湿后的炉气进入填料塔,进行洗涤、冷却,进一步除去炉气中水分,炉气温度降至40℃以下,进入电除雾器,进一步除去残余的酸雾,使炉气中的酸雾小于0.03 g/m3,砷小于1.0mg/m3,氟小于3.0 mg/m3 。
由动力波底部流出的洗涤稀酸温度~65℃,流入斜管沉降器,进行固液分离,清液回循环槽,少量稀酸进入脱气塔,经脱S02--后的稀酸和斜管沉降器底部排出的酸泥自流至污水池。
用泵打到污水处理站。
系统产生的热量由稀酸板式换热器移去,稀酸板式换热器采用循环水冷却,为了维护平衡,需向系统内补充相应的水分。
三、操作指标及净化后炉气工艺指标1、操作指标项目温度压降Pa循环酸量m3/h酸浓%进气出气进酸出酸动力波XXX02022-05010填料洗涤塔XXX2022-0505脱气塔XXX020-3010电除雾器XXX、净化后主要指标(1)、进电除雾器炉气温度≤38℃压力≤-8000Pa SO2浓度7.5-8.5% (2)、进干燥塔炉气酸雾<30mg/Nm3 含砷<1 mg/Nm3 含氟<5 mg/Nm3四、开停车操作方法1、系统开车通气前应将各循环槽装水至正常液面高度再启动稀酸泵进行自身循环,同时检查稀酸泵运转是否良好,稀酸管路及设备有无泄露现象,发现问题应立刻停泵进行维修,若在冬季,应采取防冻措施。
合成氨净化工段工艺流程英文回答:The process of ammonia purification in the synthesis ammonia plant is crucial for ensuring the quality of the final product. It involves several steps to remove impurities and obtain pure ammonia. Let me explain the process in detail.Firstly, the raw ammonia gas from the synthesis reactor enters the purification section. This gas contains various impurities such as water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbons. The first step is to remove water vapor, which is done through a process called condensation. The gas is cooled, and the water vapor condenses into liquid water, which is then separated from the ammonia gas.Next, the gas passes through an absorber column where carbon dioxide is removed. This is achieved by using a solvent, such as monoethanolamine (MEA), which reacts withcarbon dioxide to form a stable compound. The purified ammonia gas exits the absorber column, while the carbon dioxide-rich solvent is sent to a regeneration unit for further processing.After carbon dioxide removal, the gas enters a desulfurization unit to eliminate hydrogen sulfide. This is typically done by using a scavenger, such as zinc oxide, which reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form zinc sulfide. The gas is then passed through a filter to remove any solid impurities before moving to the next step.The final purification step involves the removal of hydrocarbons. This is done by passing the gas through a catalytic reactor where hydrocarbons are converted into harmless gases, such as carbon dioxide and water. The purified ammonia gas is then ready for further processing or storage.中文回答:合成氨净化工段在合成氨生产中是非常重要的,它涉及多个步骤来去除杂质,获得纯净的氨气。