PDA TR15_切线流过滤_Tangential Flow Filtration_1992
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Depyrogenation除热源PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION注射用药物协会(PDA)FOREWORD前言THIS IS THE SEVENTH IN A SERIES OF TECHNICAL REPORTS.1-6.This technical report describes the different methods of depyrogenating solutions and devices.Since depyrogenation is a field characterized by rapid technological advances,and due to the limitations imposed by time and space,a more comprehensive treatment of the many areas of endotoxin depyrogenation was not possible.Suffice it to say,this report should serve as a stimulus to scientists involved with the control of endotoxin and who desire to increase their knowledge of the structure and function of the bacterial toxin and depyrogenation.This report,therefore,documents the state-of-the-art of depyrogenation to the extent that the limitations stated above permitted.It is our hope that it will also encourage research in all aspects of depyrogenation.本书是这一技术报告丛书中的第七部分,主要阐述了各种除热源的方法及设备。
配置PDA或DAD检测器液相色谱峰纯度检测及其应用(一)原创2016-12-17Bruce Lee药渡1PDA或者DAD检测器作为液相色谱的一种通用型检测器,能够在全波长下同时采集并记录存储数据。
经数据处理系统对数据进行处理的时候,可对不同波长下的色谱图分别处理,并分别保存相应通道的积分结果。
在方法开发的过程中,我们可以利用PDA或DAD同时监视多个波长下的色谱图的特点,运用方法开发策略,使得我们关注的目标峰在任意波长下,均不被其他的相关杂质所干扰;而且在开发的过程中,我们也可以直接提取样品的光谱图,然后根据样品的光谱图的特点,以及方法的目的,选择相应的波长作为检测波长。
此外,PDA或DAD检测器的全波长同时采集数据的特点,也赋予了其光谱比对的功能。
不同的化合物具有不同的紫外吸收光谱形状以及不同的吸光特性,因此,二极管阵列检测器可以通过比对色谱峰的整个峰宽范围内的每一时刻记录的吸收光谱形状以及吸光特性,从而实现对色谱峰纯度的检测,如下图1所示。
Fig.1Spectrum comparison between different time point在上图1中,我们明显地可以看出,16.500min到17.200min内的各时间点的吸收光谱形状以及吸光特点存在较大差异,说明该时间段内的流出物不是单一的,也即意味着色谱图上的该色谱峰不纯,有其他的杂质共洗脱。
PDA或DAD配合数据处理系统,给出的色谱峰的纯度结果,理论上讲,只是参考值。
如对于对映异构体来说,同一对对映异构体之间互为手性杂质,但他们却具有完全一致的光谱形状以及吸光特点,而且在非手性分离条件下,出峰的位置完全一致,此时检测器的色谱峰纯度检测功能不能够检测到该手性杂质。
甚至在手性环境下,对映异构体之间已经实现了部分分离的时候,理论上讲,色谱峰纯度检测功能依然无法将其分别判定为杂质。
再如,分离度完全为0的两个色谱峰进行色谱峰纯度检测的时候,由于两个色谱峰完全重叠,任意一个时刻的光谱图均是两个洗脱组分的吸收光谱图叠加之后的结果,在这种情况下,色谱峰纯度检测功能也无法判断出该色谱峰是不纯的。
Table of Contents目录1Introduction简介92General Concepts一般概念9 2.1Size Exclusion尺寸排除10 2.2Other Retention Mechanisms其他滞留方法11 2.3Virus Retention Probability of Reduction Factor(RF)病毒滞留可能性的减少因素(RF)11 2.4Virus Size/Retention Rating病毒大小/滞留量11 2.5Protein Size/Sieving/Passage Rating蛋白质大小/过滤/通过量11 3Virus Filter Selection and Characterization病毒选择和特性12 3.1Filter Construction过滤器结构12 3.2Filter System Configurations过滤系统配置12 3.3Particulates and Extractables微粒和萃取物13 3.4Filter Compatibility过滤兼容性14 3.5Protein Recovery(Adsorption/Retention/Biocompatibility)蛋白质恢复(吸附/滞留/生物兼容性)15 3.6Thermal Stress Resistance热应力阻止16 3.7Hydraulic Stress Resistance水应力阻力16 3.8Toxicity Testing毒性试验16 3.9Viral/Phage Challenge Testing病毒/噬菌体挑战试验16 3.10Cleaning/Sanitization/Sterilization清理/消毒/灭菌17 4Physical and Mechanical Characteristics物理力学特性17 4.1Filtration Rate and Clogging(Throughput)过滤速度及堵塞(通过量)17 4.2Fluid/Piping液体/管道17 4.3Fluid/Filter液体/过滤器17 4.4Physical and Structural Limitations物理结构限制17 4.5Miscellaneous多样性17 5Virus Filter Validation/Evaluation Studies病毒过滤器/评估研究17 5.1Filter Properties过滤器属性18 5.2Test Virus测试病毒18 5.2.1Virus Selection病毒选择18 5.2.2Virus Stock Preparation and Maintenance病毒库制备和维护19 5.2.3Virus Spike病毒峰值20 5.3Scaled-down Models缩小模型21 5.4Operating Conditions for Validation,Revalidation,and Number of Runs验证,再验证的运行条件和运行次数21 5.5Raw Materials and Equipment原材料和设备22 5.5.1Virus Filtration Devices and Configurations病毒过滤设备和配置22 5.5.2Integrity Testing during Development研发期间的完整性测试22 5.5.3Membrane Lot Selection膜批选择22 5.5.4Feedstream原料流23 5.5.5Filtration Conditions过滤条件235.6Virus Assays and Assay Validation病毒分析试验和分析验证5.6.1Assay Method Validation试验方法验证23 5.7Establishing Representative Worst-case Process Conditions确定代表性的最坏工艺条件24 6Integrity Testing完整性测试25 6.1Manufacturer's Checklist生产商检验单26 6.2Virus Retention Integrity Tests病毒滞留完整性测试27 6.2.1Dextran Retention葡聚糖滞留27 6.2.2Gold Particle Retention金颗粒滞留27 6.2.3Gas-Liquid Porosimetry气-液测量仪29 6.2.4Manual Bubble Point or Leak Testing人工起泡点或检漏测试29 6.2.5Manual Forward/Diffusive Flow人工顺流/扩散流29 6.2.6Manual Pressure Hold/Decay人工压力保持/下降30 6.2.7Automated Integrity Test Instruments for Gas Porosimetry-based Test Methods基于气体测量仪测试法的自动完整性测试仪器30 6.2.8Liquid and Liquid-liquid Porosimetry液体和液-液测量仪31 6.3Relationship between Integrity Tests and Virus/Phage Retention完整性测试和病毒/噬菌体截留之间的关系31 6.4Failure Analysis/Troubleshooting故障分析/处理31 7Sterilization灭菌32 7.1Steam Sterilization蒸汽灭菌32 7.2Autoclave Sterilization高压蒸汽灭菌32 7.3Sterilize-in-Place(SIP)在线灭菌32 7.4Irradiation Sterilization辐射灭菌33 7.5Gas Sterilization气体灭菌33 APPENDIX A:Virus Retention and Protein Passage Nomenclature Classification 附录A:病毒截留和蛋白质通过的术语分类34APPENDIX B:Large Virus Filter Experimental Protocol附录B:大分子病毒过滤器的试验方案35 B.1Large Virus Filter Experimental Design大分子病毒过滤器试验设计35 B.1.1Strategy策略35 B.1.2Model Virus模型病毒35 B.1.3Model Proteins模型蛋白质35 B.1.4Buffer System缓冲系统35 B.1.5Scaled-down Model Filters按比例缩小的模型过滤器35 B.1.6Operating Parameters运行参数36 B.1.7Set Point Values for Relevant Operating Parameters相关运行参数的设定值36 B.1.8Nomenclature Acceptance Criteria命名验收标准36 B.2Preparation of Bacteriophage Stocks噬菌群制备37 B.2.1Introduction简介37 B.2.2Equipment设备37 B.2.3Procedure程序38B.2.3.1Plate Method培养板的方法38 B.2.3.2Broth Method肉汤方法38 B.2.4Crude Preparation原料制备38 B.2.5Pure Concentrate(Coetzee,et al.(25))纯浓缩液38 B.3Procedure For The Estimation of Bacteriophage Numbers噬菌体数估算程序39 B.3.1Introduction简介39 B.3.2Equipment设备39 B.3.3Procedure程序39 B.3.3.1Preparation of Bacteriophage Host噬菌体寄主的制备39 B.3.3.2Preparation of Dilution Tubes and Soft Agar for Use in Phage Assays噬菌体分析用的稀释管和软琼脂制备39 B.3.3.3Phage Assays噬菌体分析40 APPENDIX C:FILTER VALIDATION RECOMMENDATIONS附录C:过滤器验证建议411Introduction简介Scope:This PDA Technical Report addresses virus removal filters that retain viruses by a size exclusion mechanism.It explains how they work,their selection, characterization,testing,and validation.This document should be considered as a guide;it is not intended to establish any mandatory or implied standard.范围:此PDA技术报告陈述了病毒去除过滤器,该过滤器通过尺寸排除装置拦截病毒。
GE Healthcare实施您ÄKTApurifier的首次运行重要用户信息所有用户必须阅读整本手册以充分理解ÄKTApurifier的使用安全。
WARNING(警告)警告标识强调必须严格遵循指令以避免人身伤害。
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请寄往:GE HealthcareSE-751 84 UppsalaSweden商标水滴图样, ÄKTA, ÄKTApurifier, UNICORN and Superloop 均为 GE Healthcare 的商标。
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办事处地址GE HealthcareSE-751 84 UppsalaSwedenGE Healthcare 香港办事处香港九龙望角亚皆老街8号朗豪坊办公大楼12楼电话:(852)2100 6314传真:(852)2100 6338GE Healthcare 北京办事处北京市经济开发区永昌北路1号电话:(010)5806 9689传真:(010)6787 1162邮编: 100176GE Healthcare 上海办事处上海市虹桥开发区兴义路8号万都中心2401室电话:(021)5257 4650-67337传真:(021)5208 1282邮编: 200336GE Healthcare 广州办事处广州市建设六马路33号宜安广场1212室电话:(020)8363 3828-67961,67956 传真:(021)8363 3291邮编: 510060800热线:800-810-9118© GE Healthcare Life Sciences 2003版权- 所有权利受保护目录1关于本指南 (5)1.1 必要条件 (5)1.2 印刷上的规定 (5)2系统和软件 (6)2.1 概论 (6)2.2 UNICORN综述 (9)2.3 帮助 (11)3 建立方法 (12)4准备运行系统 (15)4.1 系统连接 (15)4.2 系统的一般准备 (16)4.2.1充满入口管道 (17)4.2.2 充满样品环 (17)5开始运行 (18)6查看运行 (23)7查看和打印结果 (26)7.1 查看 (26)7.2 打印和生成报告 (29)8缓冲液制备 (32)9探索 (34)10进一步应用 (36)索引(略)简短说明 (38)注意:本手册所涉及内容以英文原版为准1关于本指南本指南是为不熟悉UNICORN™ 软件和ÄKTApurifier™的用户而写的。
AKTApurifier层析系统操作入门为使用户在较短时间内尽快了解AKTA系列层析系统的功能和基本操作,特编写此操作入门。
若需进一步了解详细内容,可参阅相应的组件、系统和软件说明书。
一系统组件及系统功能介绍1系统组件(1)泵Pump系统泵:(systempump)双泵(A、B泵),缓冲液及大体积样品输送。
(2)阀Valve三通阀:(SV-903)两个。
分别位于两个系统泵前,用于缓冲液输送管道(A1/A2,B1/B2)切换。
(3)(4)9002(1)(a)A、(b)pH(2)上样(4)收集二开机程序1开启电脑;2打开AKTApurifier电源;3启动UNICORN软件,输入用户名(Username)和密码(Password),默认用户(default)密码为default,待AKTA自检结束后,在systemcontrol窗口中显示系统准备就绪(Instrumentsareready)。
三UUNICORN软件简介Unicorn软件启动后共有四个窗口,其主要功能分别如下:Main:1.系统关闭(QuitProgram)和退出、登陆(Logon/off);2.系统管理的设定,如用户名、密码、文件和使用权限等设定,系统日志等;3.文件管理,如文件拷贝、移动、删除及压缩拷贝到磁盘等;4.方法组编辑(MethodQueues),将几个方法组合在一起,依次运行。
MethodEditor:1.方法编辑;2.缓冲液配方设置(如配方修改或新增配方等)SystemControl:1.系统控制,可以手动控制(Manual)或运行方法(RunMethod);2.系统设置,包括Alarms/Special/Monitors/Curves;3.运行监测,有四个窗口:Rundata/Curves/Flowscheme/Logbook。
Evaluation:结果处理,如积分(intergrate)、移动(shift)、计算(Subtract/Add/Multiply/Divide)、平滑(Smooth)、截取(CutCurve)、绘制(CreatCurve)、打印(Print)等在每个窗口中均有专家建议(Adviser)和帮助信息(Help)。
Research Scale Tangential Flow Filtration System Process Optimization&Control with Data CollectionSingle-Use Hollow Fiber FiltrationKrosFlo ®DIGITALPRESSURE MONITOR &DISPOSABLE PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS•Records &displays inlet,outlet,permeate and TMP pressures•Allows user defined high/low pressure alarm points with 2automatic pump shut-off settings •Three sterile disposable pressure transducers with Luer-Lok ™connections •RS232Cable for PC Interfacehe KrosFlo ®Research II Tangential Flow Filtration System is ideal for performing and monitoring filtration of 2ml to 10L volumes.Whether maintaining a validated separation or characterizing a process for scale-up,this system can be used to control and monitor processingin a wide range of TFF applications.KF Comm DATACOLLECTION •Automatically collects,•Proprietary software •21CFR Part 11enabled Records Real-time Input Inlet Pressure II SYSTEMKrosFlo ®RESEARCHII PUMP• 2.3LPM peristaltic pump (110/220V)•Forward and reverse digital motor control,10-600RPM •Pump drive capable of accepting a second pump head for higher flow applications •Stackable pump head adjusts to 4different orientations •Provides precision flow control•Predictive flow rates for standard Masterflex ®tubing and calibration of non-standard tubing •Incorporated flow path stand with adjustable clamps •UL and CE compliantThe Research Scale System for a Single-Use SolutionCombined with the KrosFlo®Automatic Back Pressure Valve and the KrosFlo®Permeate Scale,the KrosFlo®Research II system makes your bench-top TFF process virtually hands-free.APPLICATIONSCell Harvesting/ClarificationCell PerfusionLysate ClarificationBacterial ConcentrationMicroparticle WashingNanoparticle DiafiltrationMacromolecular IsolationVirus&VLP PurificationProtein PurificationAntibody PurificationDesalting and BufferExchange KrosFlo®AUTOMATICBACK PRESSURE VALVEThe Automatic Back Pressure Valve provideseither Transmembrane Pressure orPermeate Back Pressure Control.Whenattached to the retentate line,it automatical-ly opens or closes to maintain a preset TMP.Attached to the permeate line,it opens orcloses to maintain a preset Permeate BackPressure.The valve reduces the chance ofmembrane fouling and decreases TFF pro-cessing time.KrosFlo®PERMEATE SCALEThe KrosFlo®Permeate Scale saves time byautomating the calculation of the permeateflow rate.The scale measures total perme-ate mass and transmits the results to the KFComm Data Collection Software for perme-ate flow rate calculation.The scale meas-ures permeate mass from0.1gm to4kg.Itis especially useful for small volume applica-tions where the manual calculation of flowrate is difficult.KrosFlo®Pro-Connex®The KrosFlo®Pro-Connex®fittings both simpli-fy and make a Tangential Flow Filtration flowpath more robust.The sanitary flange of thePro-Connex®fitting attaches directly to theHollow Fiber Filtration Module with a standardsanitary clamp.Tubing and pressure transduc-ers can then be attached to the Pro-Connex’shose barb and female luer port,eliminatingthe need for tube-to-tube adapters,fittingsand connections.Pro-Connex®fittings aremolded of polysulfone,the same low-leach-able and high compatibility polymer used inSpectrum’s hollow fiber module housings.Pro-Connex®are available in6sizes,2with90degree hose barb fittings which make con-nections for some applicationseasier.KrosFlo®Research II TFF SystemTHE AMERICASSpectrum Laboratories,Inc.mail18617Broadwick StreetRancho Dominguez,CA90220USAvoice310-885-4600•800-634-3300 fax310-885-4666•800-445-7330 email customerservice@ web ASIASpectrum Japanmail3-12-18,ShimosakamotoOtsu-City,Shiga520-0105,Japanvoice0081(0)775780166fax0081(0)775780166email******************web www.spectrumlabs.jpEUROPESpectrum Europe BVmail Post Office Box32624800DG BredaThe Netherlandsvoice0031765719419fax0031765719772email**********************web www.spectrumeurope.nlSystem Accessories 420-11571-000Rev.01•090104O R D E R I N G I N F O R M A T I O NEUROPEJM Separations BVmail Post Office Box6286NL-5600HG EindhovenThe Netherlandsvoice0031402901570fax0031402901579email**********************web SYR2-U20-01N KrosFlo®Research II Universal Pump System(110/220V),UL&CE CertifiedComponents: 2.3LPM peristaltic pump KrosFlo®Digital Pressure Monitor3Disposable Pressure Transducers KF Comm Data Collection Software&CablesUniversal Fittings Kit250&500mL Conical Bottom Process ReservoirsACPM-201-01N KrosFlo®Pressure Monitor,110V;with KF Comm,3transducers&RS232cableACPM-202-01N KrosFlo®Pressure Monitor,220V;with KF Comm,3transducers&RS232cableACPM-499-03N Disposable Pressure Transducer,Sterile,3/pkgACPM-799-01N Polysulfone Pressure Transducer,1/pkgACPM-799-01S Polysulfone Pressure Transducer,Irradiated,1/pkgACR2-021-01N KrosFlo®Research II Pump,2.3LPM,110V(Pump Head not included)ACR2-022-01N KrosFlo®Research II Pump,2.3LPM,220V(Pump Head not included)ACR2-H3S-01N KrosFlo®Research II Pump Head,3Stainless Steel RollersACPC-F16-01N Automatic Backpressure Valve,for use with#13-#16TubingACPC-F17-01N Automatic Backpressure Valve,for use with#17-#73TubingACR2-SC4-01N KrosFlo®Research II Permeate Scale with USB Cable,110VACR2-SC2-01N KrosFlo®Research II Permeate Scale with USB Cable,220VACR2-SKT-01N KrosFlo®Research II Starter Kit(Flow Control Valves;Module,Bottle&Tubing Holders;Bulb Assembly Valve,Cable Gun&Ties) ACR2-UFP-01N Universal Disposable Flow Path Kit for use with L/S13To L/S17TubingACBT-015-C1N Conical Bottom Process Reservoir,15ml,PolypropyleneACBT-250-C1N Conical Bottom Process Reservoir,250ml,PolypropyleneACTB-500-C1N Conical Bottom Process Reservoir,500ml,PolypropyleneACTO-2PP-01N Process Reservoir,2L,PolypropyleneACTO-2PC-01N Process Reservoir,2L,PolycarbonateACPX-SM4-06N Pro-Connex®3/4"Sanitary Fitting with1/4"hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-SM7-06N Pro-Connex®3/4"Sanitary Fitting with3/8"hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-SM3-06N Pro-Connex®11/2"Sanitary Fitting with3/8"hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-SK3-01N Pro-Connex®11/2"Sanitary Fitting with1/2"hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-LM3-06N Pro-Connex®11/2"Sanitary Fitting with3/8"900hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-LK3-06N Pro-Connex®11/2"Sanitary Fitting with1/2"900hose barb and Female Luer Lock,6/pkgACPX-KT1-01N Pro-Connex®Kit includes3/ea of part numbers ACPX-SM4-06N and ACPX-SM7-06N plus clamps and gasketsACPX-KT2-01N Pro-Connex®Kit includes3/ea of part numbers ACPX-LK3-06N and ACPX-SK3-06N plus clamps and gasketsACPX-KT3-01N Pro-Connex®Kit includes3/ea of part numbers ACPX-LM3-06N andACPX-SM3-06N plus clamps and gasketsACTU-E13-25N Extended Life Silicone Tubing,L/S13,(1/16"ID),Flow Rate:0.36-36mL/min,25ft/pkgACTU-E14-25N Extended Life Silicone Tubing,L/S14,(1/16"ID),Flow Rate:1.3to130mL/min,25ft/pkgACTU-E16-25N Extended Life Silicone Tubing,L/S16,(1/8"ID),Flow Rate:4.8to480mL/min,25ft/pkgACTU-E17-25N Extended Life Silicone Tubing,L/S17,(1/4"ID),Flow Rate:17-1700mL/min,25ft/pkgACTU-E18-25N Extended Life Silicone Tubing,L/S18,(3/8"ID),Flow Rate:23-2300mL/min,25ft/pkg。
让我们5分钟学会filter solutions速成教程。
(由于本人在网上找了很久都没有找到关于Filter Solutions的教程,这几天接触了一些,就自己做一个简易教程和大家一起学习,由于本人水平有限,做得不好的请多包涵)。
一、首先了解一下滤波软件中的英文是什么意思。
浏览一遍,待会不会的再回头查看。
滤波器软件英汉翻译及操作说明(王Z G,湖南)Lowpass notch filters :低通陷波滤波器Order: 阶filter circuits:滤波电路frequency response:幅频响应Passband :通频带、传输带宽repeatedly cycle:重复周期maximum signal to noise ratio:最大信噪比gain constants:增益系数,放大常数circuit topologies:电路拓扑结构gain shortfall:增益不足maximum output:最大输出功率last stage:末级preceding stage:前级stage filter:分级过滤器Gain Stage:增益级voltage amplitude:电压振幅Component values: 元件值maximum valued: 最大值minimum valued: 最小值standard value:标准值resistors: 电阻器capacitors:电容器operational amplifiers:运算放大器(OA) circuit board:(实验用)电路板active filters:有源滤波器supply currents:源电流power supplies:电源bypassing capacitors:旁路电容optimal:最佳的;最理想的Gain Bandwidth:带宽增益passive component:无源元件active component: 有源元件overall spread:全局;总范围Component characteristics:组件特性Modification:修改;更改data book:数据手册typical values:标准值;典型值default values:省略补充program execution:程序执行Reset button:复原按钮positive temperature coefficient:正温度系数variable resistors:可变电阻器cermet resistor:金属陶瓷电阻器output resistance:输出电阻distortion:失真single amplifier:单级放大器voltage follower:电压输出跟随器troubleshooting:发现并修理故障control panel,:控制面板二、让我们来看看滤波器设计的基本步骤1、打开crack的软件后,根据滤波器的设计要求,在filter type中选择滤波器的类型(Gaussian:高斯滤波器、Bessel:贝塞尔滤波器、butterworth:巴特沃斯;Chebyshev1切比雪夫1;Chebyshev2切比雪夫2;Hourglass:对三角滤波器、Elliptic:椭圆滤波器、Custom:自定义滤波器、Raised Cos:升余弦滤波器、Matche:匹配滤波器、Delay:延迟滤波器);2、在filter class中选择滤波器的种类(低通、高通、带通、带阻);3、在filter Attributes中设置滤波器的阶数(Order)、通频带频率(Passband frequency);4、在Implementation中选择有源滤波器(active )、无源滤波器(passive)和数字滤波器(Digital);5、在Freq Scale中选择Hertz和Log,如果选择了Rad/Sec,则要注意Rad/Sec =6.28*Hertz;6、在Graph Limits中设置好图像的最大频率和最小频率,最大频率要大于通频带的截止频率;在Passive Design/Ideal Filter Response中观察传输函数(Transfer Function)、时域响应(Time Response)、零极点图(Pole Zero Plots)、频域响应(Frequency Response)的图像;7、在Circuit Parmaters中设置源电阻(Source Res)和负载电阻(Load Res);最后点击Circuits观察滤波器电路图;8、在设计有缘滤波器的时候还要注意在Active Implementation 中选择滤波器的电路布局形式一般有源滤波器选择Pos SAB型的,在Circuit Parmaters中设置增益大小(gain)。
PDA技术报告目录PDA是注射剂协会PDA TR 01 -2007湿热灭菌的验证灭菌程序的设计 2007PDA TR 03 -2013 用于杀菌和除热原干热工艺的验证 2013PDA TR 04 -1983 注射用水的概念设计 1983PDA TR 05 -1984 无菌药品包装:兼容性和稳定性1984PDA TR 07 -1985 热原去除1985PDA TR 08 -1987 注射溶液湿热灭菌的参数放行 1987PDA TR 09 -1988 商业化粒子测量系统的审核1988PDA TR 10 蛋白质和多肽注射制剂:稳定性和稳定剂 1988PDA TR 11 -1988 γ射线灭菌的注射剂 1988PDA TR 12 -1988包装组件的硅化1988PDA TR 13 -2013 环境监控计划基本要素2013PDA TR 14 -2008 蛋白纯化层析系统验证2008PDA TR 15 -2009 生物制药应用中切向流过滤的验证 2009PDA TR 16 -1992 弹性包装材料的辐射灭菌 1992PDA TR 17 Current Practices in theValidation of Aseptic Processing 1993 PDA TR 18 Reporton the Validation of Computer-Related Systems 1995 PDA TR 19 Rapid/Automated ID Methods Survey 1990PDA TR 20 Reporton Survey of Current Industry Gowning Practices 1990 PDA TR 21 -1990 生物负荷量回收率验证1990PDA TR 22 -2011 无菌灌装产品的工艺模拟 2011PDA TR 23 Industry Survey on Current Sterile Filtration Practices 1996 PDA TR 24 Current Practices in the Validation of Aseptic Processing 1996 PDA TR 25 混合均一性分析:验证和中控测试 1997PDA TR 26 -2008 除菌过滤验证2008PDA TR 27 -1998 药品包装的完整性1998PDA TR 28 -2006 无菌原料药工艺模拟验证(EN) 2006PDA TR 29 -2012 清洁验证考虑要点(2013) 2012PDA TR 30 -1999 药物最终灭菌的湿热参数放行 1999PDA TR 31 -1999 计算机化实验室数据收集系统验证 1999PDA TR 32 -2004 计算机系统与服务2004PDA TR 33 -2013 可选择的和快速的微生物检测方法的评价验证与执行 2013 PDA TR 33 -2013 可选择的和快速的微生物检测方法的评价验证与执行 2013 PDA TR 34 -2001 卫生保健产品制造和测试隔离系统的设计与验证 2001 PDA TR 35 -2001 医药行业的微生物作用建议的培训模式 2001PDA TR 36 -2001 无菌工艺验证现行惯例2001PDA TR 38 批准后生产用色谱系统:研发、生产和控制文件 2006PDA TR 39 -2007 温度受控药品的指导原则:在运输环境下保持温度敏感产品的质量 2007PDA TR 40 -2005 气体无菌过滤2005PDA TR 41 病毒过滤 2008PDA TR 42 -2005 蛋白生产验证2005PDA TR 43 药物生产用模型制备和管式玻璃容器的识别和分类 2007PDA TR 44 -2008 无菌过程质量风险管理2008PDA TR 45-2007使用纤维素基础深层过滤器的液体过滤 2008PDA TR 46-2009 最终里程:给最终用户的药物优良销售规范指南 2009PDA TR 47-2010 用于病毒清除研究的病毒加标样制备 2010PDA TR 48 -2010 湿热灭菌系统的设计、调试、运行、确认和维护 2010PDA TR 49 -2010 生物技术清洁验证考虑要点2010PDA TR 50- 2010 支原体检测的替代方法2010PDA TR 51 -2010 气体和气相净化工艺规范、制造、控制和使用的生物指示剂2010 PDA TR 52 药品供应链优良销售规范指南 2011PDA TR 53 -2011 行业指南:支持新药销售的稳定性测试 2011PDA TR 54-1 2012医药生产与生物技术的质量风险管理 2012PDA TR 54-2 2013 附录1:包装和标签质量风险管理案例研究实例2013PDA TR 54-3 2013 附录2:药品药品生产中的案例研究 2013PDA TR 54-4 2014 附录3:生物散装药用物质生产中的质量风险管理案例研究 2014 PDA TR 55 药物和保健行业中2,4,6-三溴苯甲醚和2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚污染和气味的检测和移除 2012PDA TR 56 治疗用蛋白质药用物质研发中与阶段相适当的质量体系和C GMP应用 2012PDA TR 57- 2012 生物技术产品的分析方法验证和转移2012PDA TR 58 温度受控销售风险管理 2012PDA TR 59 -2012 统计方法在生产监控中的应用 2012PDA TR 60 -2013 关于工艺验证生命周期2013PDA TR 61 -2013 在线灭菌2013PDA TR 62 -2013 人工无菌工艺的建议措施 2013PDA TR 63 临床试验临时制备药物的质量要求 2013PDA TR 64 在用温度控制系统:确认指南 2013PDA TR 65 -2014 技术转移2014PDA TR 66 -2014 药物生产中单次使用系统的应用2014PDA TR 67 -2014 非无菌药物、医疗器械和化妆品中致病菌排除2014PDA TR 68 -2015 预防和管理药品短缺基于风险的方法2015PDA TR 69-药品制造中生物负载和生物膜处理 2015PDA TR 70 -2015无菌制造设施的清洁和消毒程序的基本原理2015PDA TR 71病毒检测新方法 2015PDA TR 72 -2015 全球销售控温药品的防热保护系统:确认与操作指南 2015 PDA TR 73 -2015 预灌封注射器用户要求对生物技术的应用2015PDA TR 74 -2016 生物制药再加工 2016用于无菌处理的要点:1部分 2015。
Industry Perspective on the Validation of Column-BasedSeparation Processes for the Purification of Proteins蛋白质净化柱层分离工艺验证的工业观点I. Foreword 前言The purpose of this document is to outline some of the significant issues related to the validation of column-based separation processes used in the purification of proteins produced by recombinant DNA (rDNA), hybri-doma technology, or peptide synthesis. While validation of these processes has been identified as a first priority by the PDA Biotechnology Task Force, the issues raised in certain sections of this document may have broader applications, including processes for non-protein phar-maceutical products purified by HPLC, as well as protein pharmaceuticals which are not produced by rDNA, hybridoma, or peptide synthesis technologies. 此文件目的是列出与DNA重组(rDNA),杂交瘤技术或肽合成产生的蛋白质净化所使用的柱层分离工艺验证相关的一些重要问题。
岛津PDA系列直读光谱仪技术操作规程岛津PDA系列直读光谱仪是应用原子发射光谱分析原理,快速定量分析块状金属样品的化学成分的光电光谱仪。
1.分析原理样品在激发光源下被激发,其原子和离子跃迁发射出光,进入光学系统被色散成元素的光谱线。
对选定的内标线和分析线的强度进行测量,根据元素谱线强度与被测元素的浓度的相互关系,采用持久曲线法和控制试样法得到试样中被测元素的含量。
2.术语2.1光谱:光谱是指电磁辐射按照波长(或频率)顺序排列形成的图谱。
2.2标准试样法:此方法是在每次分析样品前激发一系列标准样品(要求标样与试样具有相同的冶炼过程和晶体结构)制作校准曲线。
根据元素谱线强度与被测元素的浓度的相互关系拟合并存贮工作曲线,然后激发待测试样,从工作曲线上计算出待测元素浓度。
2.3持久曲线法:此方法是预先用标准试样法制作持久校准曲线,每次分析时仅激发待测试样,从持久曲线上计算出待测元素浓度。
由于环境变化和仪器内部器件的各种变化均会使校准曲线发生漂移,为此在实际分析中,每天(每班)必须用标准化样品对校准曲线的漂移进行修正,即校准曲线标准化。
2.4控制试样法:由于分析试样和制作工作曲线的光谱标样在冶金过程和物理状态存在差异,使分析结果与实际含量有偏差。
在日常分析中,将控样与试样同时分析,通过控样分析值修正试样分析值,得到试样的分析结果。
2.5标样:标样要求质地均匀,稳定,有准确化学成分。
光谱标样是为日常分析绘制校准曲线所需要的有证参比物质,所选用的标准样品中各分析元素含量须有适当的梯度。
2.6标准化样:由于仪器状态的变化,导致测定结果偏离,为直接利用原始校准曲线,求出准确结果,使用该样品对仪器进行标准化,使系统恢复到原始工作曲线状态。
标准化样应与标准材质接近,具有良好的均匀性。
两点标准化的元素含量分别选在校正曲线的上限和下限附近。
2.7 控样:控样是指从日常生产分析中取得,与试样材质相同、冶炼、轧制过程基本相同,有准确的化学成分的内部标样。
切向流过滤验证在生物制品中的应用(2009修订版)目录1.0介绍 ........................................................................................................ - 3 -1.1目的......................................................................................................... - 3 -1.2范围......................................................................................................... - 4 -2.0术语表 ..................................................................................................... - 5 -3.0切向流过滤在生物工艺中的应用 ............................................................... - 12 -3.1TFF的操作工艺........................................................................................ - 14 -3.1.1浓缩 ............................................................................................. - 14 -3.1.2渗滤 ............................................................................................. - 14 -3.1.3澄清/固液分离 ............................................................................... - 15 -3.1.4可溶性物质的分离.......................................................................... - 15 -3.1.5灌注 ............................................................................................. - 15 -3.2TFF的操作模式........................................................................................ - 15 -3.2.1单向过滤....................................................................................... - 16 -3.2.2批处理和流加处理.......................................................................... - 16 -3.2.3恒体积过滤.................................................................................... - 17 -3.3TFF组件及配置........................................................................................ - 18 -3.3.1卷式滤板与板框............................................................................. - 18 -3.3.2中空纤维膜.................................................................................... - 19 -3.3.3螺旋筒 .......................................................................................... - 20 -3.4TFF的运行控制手段 ................................................................................. - 21 -4.0设备确认(EQ)...................................................................................... - 22 -4.1设备确认的前提................................................................................ - 22 -4.2TFF系统操作注意事项.............................................................................. - 22 -4.3设计注意事项.......................................................................................... - 23 -4.4安装确认 ................................................................................................ - 23 -4.5运行确认 ................................................................................................ - 24 -4.6性能确认 ................................................................................................ - 25 -5.0工艺开发 ................................................................................................ - 26 -5.1膜的适用性............................................................................................. - 26 -5.2产物截留量和通量 ................................................................................... - 27 -5.2.1细胞澄清....................................................................................... - 27 -5.2.2超滤浓缩和渗滤............................................................................. - 28 -5.3设备的设计和操作注意事项 ...................................................................... - 29 -5.4切向流过滤的工艺特性............................................................................. - 29 -5.4.1微滤 ............................................................................................. - 30 -5.4.2超滤/渗滤...................................................................................... - 32 -5.4.3除杂 ............................................................................................. - 34 -5.5等比例放大或缩小规模的要求................................................................... - 34 -6.0工艺验证 ................................................................................................ - 35 -6.1工艺设计和工艺特性的关系 ...................................................................... - 35 -6.2开发方案的验收标准................................................................................ - 36 -7.0清洁验证 ................................................................................................ - 39 -7.1清洁难点 ................................................................................................ - 39 -7.2清洁消毒方法.......................................................................................... - 39 -7.3清洁验证方案.......................................................................................... - 41 -8.0膜再生.................................................................................................... - 42 -9.0再验证.................................................................................................... - 44 -9.1现场监控 ................................................................................................ - 44 -9.2再验证.................................................................................................... - 45 -9.2.1设备再验证.................................................................................... - 45 -9.2.2滤膜和过滤组件的变更 ................................................................... - 45 -9.2.3操作参数变更 ................................................................................ - 46 -9.2.4生产规模的变更............................................................................. - 46 -10.0完整性测试 ........................................................................................... - 47 -10.1完整性测试的类型及应用........................................................................ - 47 -10.2结果分析指南........................................................................................ - 48 -10.2.1完整性测试在大规模设备中的应用................................................. - 49 -10.3标准水透性测试..................................................................................... - 49 -10.3.1NWP的影响因素.......................................................................... - 49 -10.3.2NWP测试的结果分析 ................................................................... - 50 -10.3.3NWP验收标准的设置 ................................................................... - 51 -11.0萃取物与溶出物..................................................................................... - 52 -11.1构成材质注意事项 ................................................................................. - 52 -11.2工艺注意事项........................................................................................ - 53 -11.3清洁注意事项........................................................................................ - 53 -11.4冲洗过程............................................................................................... - 53 -11.5实验方法............................................................................................... - 53 -12.0参考文献............................................................................................... - 55 -1.0介绍技术报告第15号:从工业发展的角度来看,关于切向流过滤在生物制药中应用的描述,最早出现在1992年,这些相关的描述为生物制药生产中切向流过滤技术(TFF)的工艺验证提供了方向性的指导。
Industrial Perspective on Validation of Tangential Flow Filtration in Biopharmaceutical Applications对生物制药应用中切向流验证的工业透视PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOCIATION 注射药物协会Table of Contents 目录PageI. Forward 前言S3II. Introduction 简介S3III.Validation of Generic TFF Equipment 验证一般TFF设备S4A.Initiating Validation Projects 开始验证项目S4B.Overall Approach 整体法S4C.IQ 安装确认S4D.OQ 运行确认S6IV.Generic Concepts of Process Validation 工艺验证的一般概念S6A.Prospective vs. Concurrent Validation 预期验证vs.同步验证S6B.Worst Case Conditions 最坏情况条件S7C.Number of Replications 重复试验数量S7D.Prerequisites to Initiating Process Validation 开始工艺验证的先决条件S7E.Design and Execution of Process Validation 工艺验证的设计和执行S7 V. Critical Elements of TFF Process ValidationTFF工艺验证的关键要素S7patibility相容性S7B.Retention 滞留S8C.Integrity 完整性S9D.System and Membrane Cleaning 系统和膜清洗S9E.Sterilization/Sanitization 灭菌/.消毒SI0F.Membrane Re-Use 膜再使用SI0G.Process Scale Changes 工艺规模变更SI0H.Qualifying Alternate Vendors 审核选择的供应商SI0I. Miscellaneous Issues其他问题S11VI. Specific Applications 具体应用S11A.Endotoxin Removal 内毒素去除S11B.Protein Concentration/Diafiltration蛋白质浓度/过滤S11C.Cell Debris Removal细胞碎片移除S12D.Bacteria Harvesting 细菌捕获S12E.Mammalian Cell Separation哺乳动物细胞分离S12VII. Summary 总结S13 VIII. References参考S13I. Foreword 前言The Purification and Scale-Up Task Force of the PDA's Biotechnology Sub-committee has sought to address how the FDA's 1987 Guideline on General Principles of Process Validation may be applied to the validation of specific operations in the manufacturing of parenteral products by the Biotechnology industry. PDA生物技术委员会的净化和扩大规模工作小组已力求说明工艺验证一般原理的1987年FDA指南如何应用到生物技术工业的注射用药物生产的特定操作验证中。
Two major categories of separation used in purification and downstream processing are chromatography and tangential flow filtration (TFF). This article focuses on the validation of tangential flow filtration processes as it relates to the 1987 FDA guidelines. In preparing this document, we assumed the reader would be familiar with the technical aspects of tangential flow filtration and its application in biopharmaceutical processes. We have positioned this article to provide the knowledgeable user some insight into the process of validating TFF applications. Readers seeking additional background information on TFF are referred to the references (1-5) listed at the end of the article. 用于提纯和下游工艺的两种主要分离方法是色谱分析和切向流过滤(TFF)。
本文侧重于切向流过滤工艺的验证,因为它与1987年的FDA指南有关。
在准备本文件时,我们假设读者都熟知切向流过滤的技术验证及其在生物制药工艺上的应用。
我们将该文件定位于向有见识的用户提供一些验证TFF应用工艺的见解。
探求有关TFF的附加背景知识,请读者参阅本文件末尾所列的参考文献(1-5)。
II. Introduction 简介Validation is "establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes" (6). Process validation is a requirement of the Current Good Manufacturing Processes 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211 where the end product is to be used in clinical trials or for commercial sale. To assist the pharmaceutical manufacturer in complying with this requirement, the FDA issued a guideline in 1987 (6) which “outlines general principles ... consider(ed) to be acceptable elements of process validation...”. In this document we are giving an industrial perspective of the general principles outlined in the FDA's guideline as applied to the specific problem of validating a Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) process. 验证是“建立提供高度保证的文件证明,以保证某一特定工艺将持续生产满足其预先确定的说明和质量属性”(6)。
工艺验证是现行良好生产工艺21CFR第210和211部分的要求,终端产品用于临床试验或商务销售。
为了帮助制药生产商遵照要求,FDA在1987年发布了“概述一般原则...认为工艺验证原理可以接受”的指导方针。
本文件我们给出了FDA指导方针所概述的一般原则的工业观点,该观点应用于验证切向流过滤(TFF)工艺的特定问题。
Tangential flow filtration, a term synonymous with crossflow filtration, is filtration in which the driving force for flow (transport) of fluid across the filter (membrane) is provided by a pressure source which is usually a mechanical pump. In TFF the pump is also used to drive fluid flow parallel (tangential) to the membrane surface which removes materials at the membrane surface to reduce concentration polarization of the filter (Fig. 1). Only a portion of the fluid passes through the membrane as the fluid recirculates through the system. The exact mechanisms and equations which describe the polarization process and subsequently the mode of action of TFF have been extensively researched and discussed in the chemical engineering literature (7) and will not be discussed in this document. TFF is a versatile technique which hasproven effective in a wide variety of Biopharmaceutical applications including:removing or concentrating whole cells or insoluble lysed cell components, concentration of macromolecules, buffer exchange, and depyrogenation. 术语切向流过滤和交叉流过滤同义,其中,压力源提供的驱动力使液体流(运输)穿过过滤器(薄膜),压力源通常是一个机械泵。