精读第三册unit8语法点

mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to - 30 o and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace ofConnect v. 指不紧密的联系（被联系的对象仍然保持自己的特性）connect…to/with...（1）“把...与…连接在一起”近义表达join…to…；link…with(to)…Connect the gas stove with the gas pipe. 将煤气炉和煤气管接起来。

Unit Eight In My DayI. An Introduction to the AuthorRussell Baker拉塞尔·贝克（Russell Baker）是美国著名记者和专栏作家。

1925年8月14日出生于弗吉尼亚的Morrisonville是家中的长子；1947年他受雇于《巴尔的摩太阳报》、1954年加入《纽约时报》负责报道白宫、国会和国家政治新闻。

1962年—1998年期间，拉塞尔·贝克长期为《纽约时报》写《观察栏》专栏，专门评论国政。

1979年，贝克以其犀利机智的政府文章获得普利策评论奖。

贝克也是一位出色的散文家和传记作者，其童年自传《成长》为他赢得了1983年的普利策传记奖。

贝克本人后来还担任过普利策奖的评委。

迄今为止，拉塞尔·贝克共出版了17部作品（包括著作和编著），《黄金时代》是他的另一部传记作品。

拉塞尔-贝克的《成长》出版后曾连续72周高居畅销书排行榜前列，先后被多个国家翻译引进，直至今天仍然在全球各地畅销，总发行量已经超过220万册，创下美国出版史上的一个奇迹。

拉塞尔-贝克在美国有“当代的马克吐温”之称，他用朴实优美、幽默睿智的文字向我们讲述了一个单亲家庭中的小男孩在好强母亲的教育下成长成才的故事。

II. Teaching Tips1.Encourage the students to talk truthfully about how they feelabout old people--- including those other than their closerelatives. What is their dominating feeling? Do they showawe , respect, pity, indifference, curiosity or disgust to thosepeople?2.Let the students discuss how they feel when old people starttalking” in our day” and whether they are right ib feelingthat way.III. The Detailed Discussion of Text A1.At the age of eighty my mother……half a century earlier.1) wander (v.): ( of a person, his mind,etc) be inattentive, confused or delirious(指人，思想等) 走神，胡思乱想，神志混乱e.g. He realized that his audience’s attention was beginning to wander.他意识到听众的注意力已经不太集中了。

⼤学英语精读第三册课后练习答案（KeytoExercisesUnit8）Unit 8Study & PracticeII. Comprehension of the Text1. l) d 2) d 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) e 7) b 8) cIII. Vocabulary ActivitiesI. 1) neglects 2) attain3) will ... interfere with 4) hostile5) shaped 6) projecting7) appropriately 8) creative9) will contribute to 10) span11) remarkable 12) vision13) soared 14) supposedly2. 1) picture 2) appropriately3) go about 4) amount to5) achievement 6) benefit7) growth 8) Due to9) no substitute for 10) neglected brushing11) tense3.1) go about 2) dream of3) set aside 4) amount to5) interfere with 6) have gone beyond7) contributed to 8) reacted to/will react to9) was getting along with lO) lies inIV. Enriching Your Word Power1. l) sunbathe 2) shoplift 3) air-drop 4) heat-treat5) baby-sit 6) mass-produce 7) sleepwalk 8) typewrite2. 1) covered 2) made 3) good 4) cutting5) minded 6) willed 7) day 8) minute9) class 10) out 11) built 12) matter13) forgotten 14) wellV. Usage1. affect my decision2. the effect of the sleeping pills3. had a serious effect on/seriously affected the growth of crops4. will affect/have an effect on his eyesight5. was affected by the rain6. didn't have any effect7. effect a complete change8. had an almost immediate effect on/almost immediately affected his thinkingVI. StructureI. 1 ) Give us the tools and we will finish the job in two days.2) Turn over the page and you will see what I mean.3) Think of the difficulties that face us, and you will realize why progress is slow.4) Give them an inch and they will take a mile.5) Follow my instructions and you won*t get lost.6) Take a ten- or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of the imagination each day, and you will probably add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life.2. 1 ) My brother, a young chemist, is conducting experiments in much the same way that his instructor used to do.2) The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.3) Mrs. Lu, born and brought up in France. does cooking in much the same way thatthe French do.4) Your nervous system reacts to what you imagine to be true in much the same way that it does to real experiences.5) English is taught in your country in much the same way that Spanish is taught in ours.VII. Cloze1. (1) hostile (2) interfere with (3) amount to (4) fantasy(5) benefits (6) contribute (7) recommend (8) picture(9) vision (10) supposedly (1l) neglect (12) substitute(13) attain2. (11) open (2) singing (3) window (4) what(15) sitting (6) in (7) say (8) so(9) that (10) not (1l) daydreaming (12) same(13) thoughtsVIII. Translation1. We didn't like his attitude that he deserved special treatment.2. Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades youmust review your lessons often.3. Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true.4. It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work along time before attaining their goals.5. He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequatepreparation.6. Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goalsonto the semen in our minds.Reading ActivityExercise A1. b2. d3. a4. aExercise B1. For example (Group 1), Although (Group 2)2. Since (Group 5), Thus (Group 4)Exercise CI.F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. TliLTExercise D( Appendix 3)Guided Writing1. Paragraph 3: Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming have changed.Paragraph 6: The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness inshaping our future lives as we want them to be..How to Attain Our Goals in LifeAs a sailing ship has a certain destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life. To succeed in life, a man must learn to develop such qualities in himself asindustry, persistence, confidence, and strong willpower. Here I would like to dwell alittle on the first two.Undoubtedly, hard work is the key to success. Take Peter G. Beidler for example. Having chosen teaching as his career, Professor Beidler made a great effort to meet the challenges of the profession. Day after day he stayed up late preparing his lectures,even when his eyes became swollen for lack of sleep. His subsequent success as ateacher was borne out by the fact that he was named The Professor of the Year in 1983. Obviously his success has had a great deal to do with hard work.Persistence is another important factor leading to the realization of one's goal in life. Once we have set a goal for ourselves, we must not depart from our course untilwe reach it. The mother in Unit 5 is a case in point. She refused to give up in the faceof all the challenges in life. Instead, she persisted in improving herself. In the end, she became a reporter with a local newspaper. Clearly persistence helped to make herdream come true.。

Unit 8Language Points1.keep sb/sth under one’s thumb: control sb/stheg:--- What should a teacher do?--- He should keep his students under his thumb.--- What should a father do?--- He should keep his children under his thumb.2. cudgel: n. short thick stick or club 短棒take up the cudgel for: fight for, support strongly 为… 而奋斗；极力支持eg: People in that country are taking up the cudgels for freedom.--- What are you taking up the cudgels for now?--- We are taking up the cudgels for a good future.3. pale: adj. bloodless, upsetfeel pale at sth.eg: He felt / turned pale at the news/failure.1.succession①succession (n.).a) (U) the coming of one thing after another in time or in order继续，连续eg: the succession of the seasons 四季的连续in succession 连续地Traffic accidents happened in succession.Such things happen in succession.b)(C) number of things in succession 连续的若干事物，一连串eg: a succession ofA succession of cars passed us one after another.There are a succession of wet days.The endless succession of parties wore us out.c) (U) ( right of ) succeeding to a title, the throne, property; person having this right（有）继承（权）（者）eg: Who is succession to the throne?His succession to the party leadership is in dispute.The eldest son has succession to his father’s property.in succession to 继承（王位等）eg: Who is first in succession to the throne?The eldest son is first in succession to his father’s property.②successive (adj.) coming one after another 一连（多少次等），一个接一个的eg: He has won five successive games. ( 他连胜五场)We have had bumper harvest for five successive years.The football team celebrated its fourth successive victory.③succeed (v.) inherit; have a title, position etc on the death of sb. 继承eg: They’ve decided after all to let the right man succeed me.If the duke has no children, who will succeed to the title?2.startle①startle (v.)ck of surprise to; cause to move or jumpeg: What he said startled me.②startling (adj.)eg: What he said was startling.③startled (adj.)eg: He was startled to hear what he said.3.substitute①substitute (n.)a) (C) person taking the place of another 代替者，代理人eg: The regular teacher is ill today, so a substitute is teaching the class.Par.Tom can’t play football today, Jack will take his place. (will be his substitute…) The doctor will go on holiday, the nurse will take the doctor’s place.We can’t find anybody to take his place. ( We can’t find a substitute for him. ) b) thing taking the place of another 代替物，代用品substi tute for…eg: At celebration, there is no substitute for champagne.Par. Honey can be used to take the place of sugar in some conditions.( … used as a substitute for sugar… )Water can’t be used to take the place of wine.( …can’t be used as a substitute for wine … )Soya beans are widely used to take the place of meatThings used to take the place of rubber can be made from petroleum.(…substitutes for rubber can be…)②substitute (v.) serve as a substitute, take the place of 代替，替换a) vi substitute foreg: I don’t like to substitute for anybody.Par. I’ll find a man to take Miss Li’s place. ( substitute for Miss Li ) Today I can take your place.He took the place of the worker who was ill.She is taking the place of her brother.b) vt. Use… to take the place of 用... 代替substitute sb / sth.eg: They don’t like potatoes, so we substitute rice.If you can’t go yourself, please find some one to substitute you.substitute sb / sth foreg: She substituted a fake diamond for the original.I substituted your name for mine on the list.③substitute (adj.) 代 ... ，临时的eg: The school board hired a substitute teacher.I was substitute headmaster for a term.④substitution (n.)（美）（U ）替换eg: I hope this substitution will not damage the team.Sometimes I put a substitution table on the blackboard.7. duck (v.)①to push under water 潜入水里eg: He ducked his head in the stream to get cool.②try to escape by hiding quickly 闪躲eg: He saw a police and ducked behind a car.③try to avoid a difficulty or an unpleasant situationeg: When he came across difficulties, he ducked.8. placate①placate (v.) soothe, pacify; make calm, quiet and satisfiedto placate sbeg: The boy is crying, his mother is trying to placate him.②placatory (adj.)eg: He is placatory. ( trying to placate )9. inward①inward (adj.) situated within; turned towards the inside在内部的，内部的，内向的eg: inward happiness/ inward vision / inward fears / an inward existencethe inward parts of the body/ an inward slant of the eyeHe has achieved inward peace.The explorers discovered an inward passage.②inward/inwards: adv 向内地，向内（心）eg: The door opened inward into the room.Fold the paper inward.To turn one’s thoughts inward.Nostalgia turned his reflections inward.③inwardly (adv.) from the inside of the hearteg: Inwardly, he was seething with rage.He was inwardly assured by her sincerity.10. get nowhere: accomplish nothing; make no progress; have no resulteg: I am sure you’ll get nowhere if you change schools constantly.This kind of criticism will get you nowhere.( will not do you any good / youwon’t get any result if you use this kin d of criticism. )11. what is the worst of it----the most unfortunate thing is that …eg: I did not buy anything that day. What was the worst of it was that I lost my purse.I could not get on the bus. What was the worst of it was that I was hurt seriously.12 . nail down①nail down say clearly 说清楚a) ( often ) (sth) be nailed down.eg: The matter could be nailed down.This theory can’t be nailed down.b) to nail sth downeg: He at last nailed the sale down.②nail sb down to stha) make sb. express his ideas 使说出明确的意见eg: I can’t nail him down to anything.Par. Nobody can make him express his opinion towards this matter.We tried to make him express his opinion about this agreement.b) make sb. keep his promise. 使遵守诺言，使肯定eg: I intend to nail him down to his promise.13. inverted sentence:eg: I managed to make out that mixed up with these giants was a certain amount of furniture= … that a certain amount of furniture was mixed up with these giants.Note:When a participle or an adverb or an adjective or a prepositional phrase or a negative word is put at the beginning, we can reverse the order of the sentence.eg: Facing me are 24 young boys and girls.In front of me stands a tall boy.In the middle of the room sat an old man.14. negligent①negligent (adj.)be negligent in/ about / of taking too little care 不注意，疏忽a) be negligent in / about…不注意eg: He was negligent in his work/study.Robert had been negligent about church-going lately.He was negligent in not locking the doors as he was told to do.b) be negligent of …疏忽eg: He was negligent of his duties. 他玩忽职守。

A famous monaster修道(monks(nuns)女修道highest2,470metres,itistheItaly.PassconnectsSwitzerlandtoAtmountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, the through a tunnel ahs been built watchdogs were used as even in Roman times. Now that mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow who few are still a people traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there a whenever rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people a kept in have to about, are so many people the be dogs Pass who cross the in cars.As there temperature The is quite different. the enclosure.In winter, however, life at monastery specialto winter monks prefer attempt people to cross the Pass.The to drops - 30 o and very few summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties ofPass connectsConnect v. 指不紧密的联系（被联系的对象仍然保持自己的特性）connect…to/with...与…连接在一起”...（1）“把…with(to)……jointo…；link近义表达将煤气炉和煤气管接起来。

Daydreaming has always had reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.Daydream a LittleEugene Raudsepp "Daydreaming again, Barb? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can't you find something useful to do?" Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered and unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lost the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream. Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions. Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities. But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine your future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself … in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ……" The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance. Why would a mental vision of success help produce real success? Dr. Maxwel Maltz, a surgeon and author, say this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it …… It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true." He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's action and accomplishments. Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen. Now picture yourself —— as vividly as possible ——the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on your memory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment to your goals. Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studyingDaydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion. If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true. New words hostile a. unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 敌对的 view vt. consider, regard escape n. & v. 逃跑；逃避 nighttime a. occurring at night interfere vi. get in the way of another ⼲涉；妨碍 interference n. researcher n. advantage, profit, good effect 益处 tense a. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 紧张的 irritable a. easily annoyed or made angry means n. method or way psychologist n. person who has studied or is skilled in psychology ⼼理学家 contribute vi. help in bringing about 贡献 growth n. growing; development concentration n. concentrating or being concentrated span n. length of time during which sth. Continues or works well ⼀段时间 self-control n. control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc. creative a. having the power to create; inventive remarkable a. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 显著的；⾮凡的 shape vt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造 industrialist n. one owing an industry or engaged in its management maintain / p >。

现代大学英语精读3unit8课后答案(精)我们只不过是人劳拉.施莱辛格Pre-class Work 1. Explain the following. 1 free will (Para. 1: the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled by God or fate 自意志 2 the product of causation (Para. 1: behavior is a response to external stimulation, and therefore is genes-determined. 某种原因造成的结果3 fateful night (Para. 9: the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚 4 honor his commitment (Para. 10: to do what he has committed to do to others; to do his duty; to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺 5 clause (Para. 20: a separate division of a written legaldocument with its own separate and complete meaning 条款 6 absorbing (Para. 26: interesting; enjoyable; gripping 吸引人的 2. Paraphrase. 1 Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2 As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations. This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3 The 3 C’s are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4 Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5 If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do; you should be brave enough to take risks;you should take continued action against difficulties; you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted. 6 Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup. 7 In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking. 8 Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens; happiness is a series of things that involved. Pleasure is a finishingpoint; happiness is a long process. Pleasure is something related to the real world and physical objects; happiness is something related to your spirit. Pleasure is something related to yourself; happiness is something related to others and the world.3. Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of\开\开门to open the door; 开口to open one,s mouth (or start to talk; 开火to open fire; 开刀to have an operation; 开发to open up... (or to develop; to exploit; 开工(of a factory, etc. to go into operation; 开花to blossom; 开会to have a meeting; 开胃to whet (or stimulate the appetite; 开心to feel happy; 开玩笑to crack ajoke (to make fun of 4. Learn rules of word-building. Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary. 1 Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1 devastation (2 exhilaration (3 conformity (4 procreation (5 invocation (6 sustenance (7 projection (8 derivation (9 criticism (10 restoration 2 Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1 to contort (2 to rationalize (3 to transgress (4 to condemn (5 to abort (6 to emphasize (7 to seduce (8 to gratify (9 todestroy (10 to indulge (11 to oblige (12 to motivate (13 to cause (14 to survive More Work on the Text II V ocabulary 1. Translate 1 into English. (1 to shape one’s mind (2 to honor one’s commitment (3 to sustain life (4 to raise a family (5 to make a judgment (6 to focus one’s attention (7 to devastate the country (8 to blame the weather (9 to avoid sacrifice (10 to demand justice (11 to criticize the theory (12 to condemn the war (13 to emphasize education (14 to acknowledge defeat (15 to sustain economic growth (16 to restore the building (17 to cause trouble (18 to resist the temptation 2 into Chinese. (1动物界(2某种原因造成的结果(3自意志` (4条件反射(5生物本能决定的(6自然选择(7高级动物;万物之灵(8适者生存(9固有欲望(10利他的行为(11社会地位(12一个关键的晚上(13正当的地位(14眼前一时痛快(15蛮力(16思想斗争(17良心不安;良心有愧(18对未经证实之事物的信仰(19合同的例外条款(20植物人的状态(21长期目标(22十分吸引人的电影(23全心全意和孩子相聚的时间(24价值观念体系 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1 Give synonyms. (1 example (2 lonely, alone (3 to look, to gaze (4 properly, appropriately (5 natural, inborn, instinctive (6 to gain, to obtain (7 deeply, extremely (8 to give up (9 idea, thought, theory, notion (10 mutual, shared (11 to shape, to form (12 fortress, love, emotional attachment (13 decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal (14 duty, responsibility (15 responsibility, obligation (16 honesty, virtue, uprightness (17 satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment (18 to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle (19 delighted, in high spirits (20 to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to (21 very great (22 damaging,very destructive, shocking 2 Give antonyms. (1 construction (2 former (3 outer (4 selfish (5 to deny (6 unsteady, shaky, unstable (7 physical, material, bodily (8 immeasurable (9 deep, in-depth, profound (10 imbalance (11 long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal (12 immoral, amoral (13 required, compulsory(7 the main verb in the present continuous tense (8 a passive gerund as prepositional object (9 a passive infinitive as object (10 a passive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially (11 the main verb; the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive (12 the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause (the subject 2. Complete the sentences. 1 By putting the verbs inthe right form. (1 quarreling (2 trying (3 dismissed (4 pick up (5 smoking (6 removed (7 to strike (8 happen (9 photographed (10 burning 2 With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below (some Words may be used twice.(1 smelt (2 kept (3 cut (4 considered (5 pushed, lying (6 dye, paint (7 declared (8 appointed (9 labeled (10 burnt (11 call (12 rendered (13 turned (14 kept (15 considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the \ 1 Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2 I find it impossible to forget what I witnessed that day.3 Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4 Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the \5 I don’t think it feasible to change the plan now.6 They think it right to stick to the original plan.7 I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8 As adoctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying. 9 I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10 I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that. 4. Translate into English. 1 The Chinese in brackets, using passive verb forms. (1 to be left alone for a while (2 had been knocked unconscious (3 was buried deep (4 can and will be realized (5 are expected to share household chores (6 is generally believed (7 being criticized in public (8 being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums (9 are believed to be genuine (10 would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury 2 The sentences. (1 The miners nicknamed their union leader \event as epoch-making.(3 I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty. (4 In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive. (5 We’ll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children. (6 We should seesetbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives. (7 Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window. (8 We look upon Professor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one. (9 Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances. (10 No matter how late she finishes the day’s work, she leaves everything in their place.(11 To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with. (12 He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave. (13 The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century. (14 When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons. (15 Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn’t launch his own company in the summer. 5. Learn to use================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载============== prepositions \1 Study the use of \importance or of higher quality than (5 and (6: at a higher place or position than (7 in preference to (8 and (9: on or upon (10 throughout the length or duration of (11 in preference t6 (12 directly above, on the top of (13 and (14: here and there on or in (15 and (16: concerning about, because of 2 Complete the sentences by putting \\over (9 above (10 over (11 over (12 above (13 Over, over (14 above (15 over 6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. 1B 2C 3B 4C 5D 6A 7B 8A 9 B 10 D 11 B 12 B 13 C 14 D 15 B--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载--------------------- ~ 11 ~。

Unit 8 Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions into English.1. lift the curtain 11. defy/challenge the authority2. resent the treatment 12. bend the rules3. calculate the price 13. oppose the decision4. confiscate one's property 14. plot murder5. draw ridicule l5. diagnose liver cancer6. offend the boss l6. complicate the matter7. commit treason 17. recharge a flagging spirit8. dismiss the idea 18. recapture one's childhood9. bury the dead 19. interrogate the suspect10. announce/declare bankruptcy 20. disconnect the power2.Give appropriate nouns or verbs that can form possible collocations.Give nouns1. a report/an opinion/an order / a warning/a new stock/new stamps2. a missile/a satellite/a campaign3. the boat/the train/the bus/the chance/the point/one's friend/a few classes/the first part of the lecture4. the number/the amount/the size/the weight/consumption/price/cost5. time/money/life/space/energy/face/one's skin/sb a lot of trouble6. the sale of drugs/land use/private property/private schools/small businessmen7. the law/free speech/the rules/the contract/the agreement/the principle/human rights/the no-fly zone8. the table/the stage/the goal/the task/the record/the standard/the rule9.curiosity/interest/excitement/memories/fears/anger/hatred Give verbs1. have/develop/form/change/break/kick2. speak/change/read/slip/keep/close/cross3. have/lose/find/ask/block/mend (Note: With "mend," we have to say “mend one’s ways”)4.discuss/raise/address/confuse/confront/tackle/explore(Not e:With “make,” we have to say "make sth an issue" or "make an issue of sth.")3.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the appropriate words listed below.1. resign，resignation, cleared2, utterly, cleared, amounted3. resign, clearly, amount4. resign, mind, amount5. mind, utterly, mind, have amounted, clear up6. utter, mind, clearly, mind7.amount, utter, cleared4.Replace the italicized parts with appropriate words or expressions from the text.1. unthinkable: inconceivableput this unrealistic dream out of our minds: dismiss this idea2. long ago: way backhave lost contact: have been completely out of 'touch3. every now and then: time and again/from time to time/at times as he had done all his life: out of habit4. how: the waywatch over: hover over5. calls a spade a spade: tells people what's tin his mind it is not always wise: it is not a good policy6.knew so little:was so ill-informedsecret plan: schemeadmit it: accept the inevitable7. talk to me and cheer me up: give me a pep talk and recharge my flagging spiritslook on the bright side: look for the silver liningthink of the good things in my life: count my blessings 8. admit: confessalso make this mistake: am also guilty of thisclearly: transparently9.seldom: rarelyrouses my interest: stirs my curiosityfind out how they think nowadays:enter the current orbits of their minds10.while: whereashas little interest in: is indifferent togeneration gap: disconnection between generations5.Choose the appropriate words or expressions in the given context .1. preside over, out of / in2. with, in/about3. dropped, in4. on, capable5. on the increase, upon6. in, of, to7. Instead of, on, way/vein8. by, with, for, free9. of, on10. impossible, him11. in advance, blow up6.Translate the following sentences into English.1. It is an utter waste of money and precious land resources. They must be out of their minds to turn such fertile farmlandinto golf courts for a few rich people.2. lt's utterly impossible to have complete safety with nuclear waste. Sooner or later some problem will occur. So unless we are ready to accept the inevitable, we must not rush to a decision.3. She was under severe attack throughout the meeting, but she did not utter a word. She had decided to hand in her resignation right away.4. Many people are lured to go after fancy titles out of vanity, and I am also guilty of this.5. As we were warned in advance, the inflation rate in the first quarter of this year was still on the rise. This amounted to a drop in people's income. But every cloud has its silver lining. Consumption was also on the rise.6. Keep in mind that we may be able to prevent young people from speaking their mind, but we can never succeed in making them stop thinking.7. Anybody in his right mind knows that we need both freedom and discipline. We either have both or neither. Therefore students cannot have their way unconditionally.8. She warned those countries in advance way back in the 1990s that if they did not get rid of their economic bubbles, theireconomies would face a hard landing.9. What I have in mind is to buy a house in the suburbs as I loathe the heavy pollution as well as the hustle and bustle of the big city. If because of this I cannot go shopping in Wangfujing every Sunday, that's just too bad.10. Many people there seem to be indifferent to the coming election. Right now they just hope the dark clouds of war will clear away so that they can live in peace.Grammar1 Learn about absolute construction.1 Classify the underlined absolute construction into categories on the basis of grammatical form.Category 1:5, 9Category 3: 2, 4Category 2: 1，6, 10Category 4: 3, 7, 82 Combine the sentences by using absolute construction.1. The old man dozed in his armchair, his chin on his chest, and his glasses on his lap.2. Jane cycled through the storm, her shoulders bent low, and her hair streaming in the wind.3. The little boy laughed, his eyes flashing with mischief.4. On New Year's Eve, our apartment was filled with a holiday atmosphere: (with) scrolls put on the door, the living room decorated with lanterns, and a great variety of food being prepared in the kitchen.5.Pistols in hands,the police officers dashed into the criminal's hiding place.6. With the last bus gone, we had to walk home.7. We waited for hours in bitter cold, our teeth chattering.8. (With) The three-year civil war over, the nation was ready to embark on a program of economic reform.9. The traffic inched along, horns honking, police officers blowing their whistles.10. The legendary police detective appeared in the doorway, his hat pulled low over his face, his narrow eyes sweeping the room for any sign of trouble.2 Translate the sentences using absolute construction.1. She walked right past me, nose in the air.2. With the wind howling, the rain beating against the windows,I didn't have a wink of sleep last night.3. The sentry kept watch on the bridge, gun in hand.4. The soldiers left, the house and courtyard cleaned up, the water jars full.5. The new republic ultimately triumphed, with the rebellion put down, major enemies wiped out, and peace and order established in the country.6. A storm brewing, the construction workers decided to call it a day.7. Their three-month training completed,the dogs embarked on the mission of guiding, protecting, and aiding blind people.8. The fire caused heavy casualties,twenty-four people killed and several injured.9.Night having fallen and the Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the wooden horse.10. Autumn is beautiful,the corn ripe, apples hanging from the trees, and everything red or yellow, or brown.3.Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.A note on the parenthetical clauses: They are a clause that is inserted in the middle of a sentence and could be omitted without affecting the completeness of the rest of the sentenceor its meaning. Parenthetical clauses are generally marked off by comas, dashes, or parentheses.1.This is a complex sentence. The main clause contains two predicate verbs: "stopped" and "tried." The what-clause functions as the object of the preposition "to."In the what-clause:Subject: IPredicate verb: consideredObject: whatObject complement: the real world2. This is also a complex sentence.In the main clause:Subject: the whole of the that-clausePredicate verb: irritatedSubordinate clauses:Parenthetical clause: as I thought (used twice)Adverbial clause of comparison: when my own had been so hard4. Translate the selection into Chinese.从心理上讲，老年时期要预防两种危险。