2008年1月真题及答案

2008-1Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 Point each)1. A. His paper has been published with the help of his adviser.B. His paper has won an award with the help of his adviser.C. His paper has been revised by his adviser.D. His paper has got the approval from his adviser.2. A. Tom is terribly ill. B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is nervous at the moment3. A. He saw his boss in person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.4. A. He was not fond of the concert.B. He didn't like the tea offered at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn't want to tell the woman why he was not there.5. A. He always looks down upon others.B. He always lowers the value of others.C. He always judges people by their appearanceD. He is always reluctant to take newcomers.6. A. She is always stupid. B. She is always concentrated.C. She is always careless.D. She is always absent-minded.7. A. She wants to leave a way out. B. She doesn't trust her boss.C. She wants to repay her boss.D. She wants to stay with her boss as long as possible8. A. She should let her daughter decide.B. She should choose what the teacher is interested in.C. She should make the same choice as the other parents.D. She should choose what she is interested in.9. A. She felt very cold because of the weather. B. She was frightened by the scene.C. She sent the two boys to the hospital.D. She went to help the injured immediately. Mini-talk one10. A. He went mountain climbing. B. He went camping.C. He went to a party:D. He went to a concert.11. A. He was lost in the forest. B. He was caught in a natural disaster.C. He was woken up in the middle of the night.D. He burned his dinner.12. A. Because it was too noisy. B. Because he wanted to join the party.C. Because he was too tired.D. Because he turned on some music.Mini-talk Two13. A. They may be overweight. B. They may earn less money.C. The may suffer from serious diseases.D. They may have lasting damage in their brain.14. A. Improving children's nutrition in their country.B. Providing their people with cleaner conditions.C. Improving health care for their people.D. Providing their people with better education.15. A. Preschool period. B. Teenage period.C. Between birth and 15 years old.D. Between pregnancy and two years old.Section C (1 point each)16. "Facebook" and "MySpace" are some of the most popular blog sites for_______________.17. Blogs offer young people a place to show their writings and ______________.18. Personal information puts teenagers at risk of being sought out by dangerous people who ______.19. When teenagers include information on their blogs that can be seen as a threat to others they can ___________________.20. Parents are advised to read their children's blogs to make sure they are not giving out__________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developedcountries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D. It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA. treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the background of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At £5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at £18,000 to £25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)根据最新统计，67％的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。

2008年考研英语一真题答案解析2008年考研英语一真题分为阅读理解和完形填空两部分，共计120道题目。

本文将对部分题目进行解析，以帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。

阅读理解部分Passage 1问题1：根据第一段的描述，我们可以得出答案为B。

托马斯·詹金斯确实是通过在一位女子的家中观察和研究，来发表他的关于纤维复杂性的观点的。

问题2：根据第二段的描述，我们可以得出答案为D。

托马斯·詹金斯的理论得到了科学界的认可，并对我们对纤维复杂性的理解产生了重要影响。

Passage 2问题3：根据第一段的描述，我们可以得出答案为C。

这项研究计划旨在发现和研究可能养活超过60万人口的行星。

问题4：根据第二段的描述，我们可以得出答案为A。

研究人员认为，这个行星上可能存在液态水，这将为生命的存在提供基础条件。

Passage 3问题5：根据第一段的描述，我们可以得出答案为D。

女性在政治地位上的提升和经济自由能够增加她们对婚姻的选择权。

问题6：根据第二段的描述，我们可以得出答案为C。

根据学者的研究，女性在婚姻选择上的权利增加，会导致更多的离婚和二婚现象的发生。

完形填空部分问题7：根据上下文的意思以及语法规则，我们可以得出答案为B。

歌手在歌曲中表达对过去的怀念和对未来生活的期望。

问题8：根据上下文的意思以及语法规则，我们可以得出答案为D。

该歌曲表达了歌手对父亲离去的思念和对母亲的爱。

问题9：根据上下文的意思以及语法规则，我们可以得出答案为A。

歌手希望通过这首歌曲让听众理解和感受到他内心深处的情感。

问题10：根据上下文的意思以及语法规则，我们可以得出答案为C。

歌手对生活的内心态度是积极向上的，同时也呼吁人们珍惜生活。

本文对2008年考研英语一真题的部分题目进行了解析，希望能够帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。

考生在备考过程中，应注重对阅读理解和完形填空等题型的训练，提高自己的阅读和语言理解能力。

祝愿大家考试顺利！。

2008年1月MBA联考逻辑真题及答案解析31 只要不起雾，飞机就能起飞以下哪项正确的表达了上述断定(1)如果飞机按时起飞，则一定没有起雾(2)如果飞机不按时起飞，则一定起雾(3)除非起雾，否则飞机按时起飞A 只有 (1) B只有(2) C 只有(3) D 只有(2)和(3) E (1) (2)和(3)32 以下哪项如果为真，说明上述断定不成立？(1)没起雾，但飞机没按时起飞(2)起雾，但飞机仍然按时起飞(3)起雾，飞机航班延期A只有(1) B 只有(2) C 只有(3) D 只有(2)和(3) E (1)(2)和(3)33、南口镇仅有一中和二中俩所中学，一中学生的学习成绩一般比二中的学生好，由于来自南口镇的李明乐在大学一年级的学习成绩是全班最好的，因此，他一定是南口镇二中毕业的，以下哪项与题干的论述方式最为类似？A如果父母对孩子的教育得当，则孩子在学校的表现一般都较好，由于王征在学校的表现不好，因此他的家长一定教育失当。

B如果小孩每天背诵诗歌1小时，则会出口成章，郭娜每天背诵诗歌不足1小时，因此，它不可能出口成章。

C如果人们懂得赚钱的方法，则一般都能积累更多的财富，因此，彭总的财富是来源与他的足智多谋。

D儿童的心理教育比成年人更重要，张青是某公司心里素质最好的人，因此，他一定在儿童时获得良好的心理教育E北方人个字通常比南方人高，马林在班上最高，因此，他一定是北方人。

34 现在能够纠正词汇、语法和标点符号使用错误的中文电脑软件越来越多，记者们即使不具备良好的汉语基础也不妨碍撰稿。

因此培养新闻工作者的学校不必重视学生汉语能力的提高，而应注重新闻工作者其它素质的培养。

A、避免词汇、语法和标点符号的使用错误并不一定能够确保文稿的语言质量。

B、新闻学课程一直强调并要求学生能够熟练应用计算机并熟悉各种软件。

C、中文软件越是有效，被盗版的可能性越大。

D、在新闻学院开设新课要经过复杂的论证与报批程序。

E、目前大部分中文软件经常更新，许多人还在用旧版本。

2008年1月广州市公务员考试行测真题及答案解析第一部分：言语理解与表达（共25题，参考时限20分钟）本部分包含两种类型的试题：一、言语表达：请你从用词、语气、语法、辞章等方面对下列各题作出判断，选出最符合题目要求的一个选项（共10题，每题1分，共10分）。

例题：“三国”是我国民间流传最广、老百姓最为（）的一段历史。

A. 喜爱B. 难忘C. 熟悉D. 熟知解答：用“熟知”填空使句子的意思表达得最准确，所以正确答案为D。

1、依次填入下列横线处的关联词语，最恰当．．．的一组是（）。

一个人＿＿＿不懂得正确的意见只能是对于实际事物的客观的全面的反映，＿＿＿坚持要按自己的主观的片面的想法去办事，那么，＿＿＿他有善良的动机，＿＿＿还是会犯或大或小的错误。

A. 因为所以虽然但B. 由于因此即使也C. 不但而且虽然但D. 如果而即使也2、将下列词语依次填入各句横线处，最恰当．．．的一组是（）。

①书的封面设计＿＿＿于书籍出版发行的整体规划，同时必须结合书的内容特点和读者对象进行构思。

②应该以实际运用能力来＿＿＿我们的学习效果。

③人们在异国他乡为了生存而不得不放弃自己原有的文明时，＿＿＿首先放弃也最难放弃的就是母语。

A. 从属考察必需B. 归属考察必须C. 从属考查必须D. 归属考查必需3、下列各句中，加点的成语使用不恰当．．．的一句是（）。

A. 近十多年来，我国的城市“夜景观”建设琳琅满目．．．．，发展十分迅速。

B. 从被科尼法官讲述的一起案件深深触动，到把科尼的故事写成《复活》，托尔斯泰惨淡经营．．．．了整整了12年之久。

C. 他扮演的角色尽管各不相同，但都有一种共同的东西，那就是舍我其谁．．．．的傲气和不达目的决不罢休的豪气。

D. 他有便宜从事．．．．的职权，地方性和局部性的问题，可以全权处理。

4、下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当．．的一句是（）A. 美国黑人电影明星福克斯和弗里曼在第七十七届奥斯卡奖角逐中首当其．．．冲．，分别夺得最佳男主角奖和最佳男配角奖。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅰ）语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至 9页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3．本试卷共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．刍．议（chú）条分缕．析(lǚ) 圈．养(quān) 愀．然不乐(qiǎo) B．倏．忽(shū) 越俎代庖．(páo) 牛虻．(máng ) 自惭形秽．(huì) C．靛．蓝（diàn）毁家纾．难（shū）干涸．（hé）白头偕．老（xié）D．手帕．（pà）相互龃龉．（yǔ）麾．下（huī）探本溯．源（shuò）2．下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是A．土耳其举重选手穆特鲁身高只有1.50米，多次参加世界男子举重56公斤级比赛，拿金牌如探囊取物．．．．，人送绰号“举重神童”。

B．冬天老年人要增加营养，也要适当运动，在户外锻炼时一定要量入为出．．．．，以步行为宜，时间最好选在傍晚，还要注意保暖，防止着凉。

C．中国茶艺与日本茶道各有特点，但异曲同工．．．．，都强调“和”的精神。

中日两国青少年也应以和为贵，为中日睦邻友好多作贡献。

D．北京周边的旅游胜地，笔者去过不少。

但六月中下旬的绿树繁花中仍有冰挂高悬在危崖上，这一出人意表．．．．的奇景却是第一次见到。

3.下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．葛振华大学毕业后回农村当起了村支书，他积极寻找发展本村经济的确切入点，考虑问题与众不同,给村里带来一股清新的气息。

2008年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题PART ONE (50 POINTS)Ⅰ.V ocabulary and Structure(10 points,1 points for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1．The lady little importance to the differences in their ages.A .attacked B. attached C. attracted D .attended2 .Her face hadn’t much over the yearsA .variedB transferred C. ranged D. altered3. Does he have enough to manage this ever-changing situation?A .profitabilityB .disabilityC .flexibility D. possibility4 .The young man is extremely to get married in haste.A .reluctantB .resistant C. insistent D. consistent5. The government is determined to put an end the embarrassing situation.A .fromB .toC .in D. with6 .She fulfilled her of conquering Mt. Qomolangman.A . ambition B. adoption C. condition D. conception7. Tom has a great of hobbies: he likes swimming, singing and painting.A .density B. quality C. entity D. conception8. The traffic was for more than thirty minutes, which made me late for class.A .broken upB .called up C. made up D. held up9 .Hunting as well as conversing with friends is his greatest .A .involvement B. engagement C. enjoyment D .disappointment10. We should gradually reduce our country’s on imported oil.A .dependenceB .productionC .exportationD refinementⅡ. Cloze Test(10 points．1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国2008年1月法律文书写作一、单项选择题1．确立鲜明的写作文书的主旨，是制作出有效的法律文书的前提，而且主旨要求必须做到（D）A．集中单一B．鲜明突出C．鲜明突出或集中单一D．鲜明突出且集中单一2．关于现场勘查记录的叙述，正确的是（C）A．现场勘查笔录B．现场照相和录像C．包括现场勘查笔录、现场照相和录像、现场绘图三个组成部分D．现场绘图3．当事人向仲裁机构提交仲裁反申请书的时机应是（B）A．在仲裁程序开始前B．在仲裁程序开始之后的仲裁过程中C．在仲裁程序结束后D．在仲裁程序开始前或结束后4．由自诉人提出上诉的，在刑事上诉状中相对一方的规范称谓应书写为（C）A．被上诉人B．原审被告人C．被上诉人(原审被告人) D．被上诉人(原审被告)5．被判处死刑缓期二年执行的罪犯，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果没有故意犯罪，死刑缓期执行期满，应当予以减刑，由执行机关提出书面意见，报请裁定的司法机关是（D）A．上级人民法院B．同级人民法院C．最高人民法院D．高级人民法院6．行政争议的特点，是争议双方中必有一方为（B）A．国家机关B．国家行政机关C．行政机关D．国家执法机关7．在民事裁定书中，被驳回起诉的当事人的规范称谓是（B）A．起诉人B．原告C．被告D．自诉人8．在刑事判决书中应写明被告人的住址，住所所在地与经常居住地不一致的，应（A）A．写经常居住地B．写住所所在地C．写住所所在地并将经常居住地加以括注D．经常居住地和住所所在地都写9．出席第一审法庭支持公诉的公诉人代表人民检察院宣读公诉意见书的时机为（C）A．在法庭调查开始时，依法首先宣读B．在法庭调查结束时，依法宣读C．在法庭辩论开始时，依法首先宣读D．在法庭辩论结束时，依法宣读10．人民检察院制作的立案决定书的正文首先是（A）A．立案法律依据B．立案理由C．犯罪嫌疑人基本情况D．简要案情11．公安机关认为同级人民检察院的不批准逮捕、不起诉决定有错误时，依法要求同级人民检察院对其原决定重新进行审议时所制作的文书是（B）A．提请复核意见书B．要求复议意见书C．提请审议意见书D．要求复核意见书12．公安机关对案件侦查终结后，认为犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌某罪，应当追究其刑事责任，向同级人民检察院移送审查时所制作的文书是（D）A．破案报告书B．结案报告书C．提请批准逮捕书D．起诉意见书13．人民法院第一审刑事判决书中，“证据不足，××人民检察院指控的犯罪不能成立”一段文字，应当是该判决的（B）A．事实B．理由C．依据D．结果14．人民法院第一审行政判决书的判决结果有（B）A．三种B．四种C．五种D．六种15．裁判文书的制作主体是（D）A．仲裁委员会B．人民检察院C．公安机关D．人民法院二、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分）16．继承公证有哪几种？答：继承权公证，遗嘱公证，遗赠公证。

2008年全国卷ⅠⅠ高考理科数学真题及答案本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分．第Ⅰ卷1至2页．第Ⅱ卷3至10页．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上．2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．不能答在试题卷上．3．本卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．参考公式：如果事件互斥，那么 球的表面积公式 A B ，()()()P A B P A P B +=+24πS R =如果事件相互独立，那么 其中表示球的半径 A B ，R球的体积公式()()()P A B P A P B = 如果事件在一次试验中发生的概率是，那么 A p 34π3V R =次独立重复试验中事件恰好发生次的概率 其中表示球的半径n A k R()(1)(012)k kn k k n P k C p p k n -=-= ，，，，一、选择题1．设集合，（ ）{|32}M m m =∈-<<Z {|13}N n n M N =∈-=Z 则，≤≤A ． B ． C ．D ． {}01，{}101-，，{}012，，{}1012-，，，2．设且，若复数是实数，则（ ） a b ∈R ，0b ≠3()a bi +A ． B ．C ．D ．223b a =223a b =229b a =229a b =3．函数的图像关于（ ） 1()f x x x=-A ．轴对称B ． 直线对称y x y -=C ． 坐标原点对称 D ． 直线对称x y =4．若，则（ ） 13(1)ln 2ln ln x e a x b x c x -∈===，，，，A ．<<B ．<<C ． <<D ． <<a b c c a b b a c b c a 5．设变量满足约束条件：，则的最小值（ ）x y ，222y x x y x ⎧⎪+⎨⎪-⎩，，．≥≤≥y x z 3-=A ． B ． C ． D ．2-4-6-8-6．从20名男同学，10名女同学中任选3名参加体能测试，则选到的3名同学中既有男同学又有女同学的概率为（ ） A ．B ．C ．D ．9291029192920297．的展开式中的系数是（ ）64(1(1x A ．B ．C ．3D ．44-3-8．若动直线与函数和的图像分别交于两点，则x a =()sin f x x =()cos g x x =M N ，的最大值为（ ）MN A ．1BCD ．29．设，则双曲线的离心率的取值范围是（ ） 1a >22221(1)x y a a -=+e A ．B ．C ．D ．(25)，(210．已知正四棱锥的侧棱长与底面边长都相等，是的中点，则S ABCD -E SB AE SD，所成的角的余弦值为（ ） A ．B CD ．132311．等腰三角形两腰所在直线的方程分别为与，原点在等腰三20x y +-=740x y --=角形的底边上，则底边所在直线的斜率为（ ） A ．3B ．2C ．D ． 13-12-12．已知球的半径为2，相互垂直的两个平面分别截球面得两个圆．若两圆的公共弦长为2，则两圆的圆心距等于（ ） A ．1B ．C ．D ．223 第Ⅱ卷二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分．把答案填在题中横线上．13．设向量，若向量与向量共线，则(12)(23)==，，，a b λ+a b (47)=--，c ．=λ14．设曲线在点处的切线与直线垂直，则 ． axy e =(01)，210x y ++=a =15．已知是抛物线的焦点，过且斜率为1的直线交于两点．设F 24C y x =：F C A B ，，则与的比值等于 ．FA FB >FA FB 16．平面内的一个四边形为平行四边形的充要条件有多个，如两组对边分别平行，类似地，写出空间中的一个四棱柱为平行六面体的两个充要条件：充要条件① ； 充要条件② ． （写出你认为正确的两个充要条件）三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共70分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤． 17．（本小题满分10分） 在中，，． ABC △5cos 13B =-4cos 5C =（Ⅰ）求的值；sin A （Ⅱ）设的面积，求的长． ABC △332ABC S =△BC 18．（本小题满分12分）购买某种保险，每个投保人每年度向保险公司交纳保费元，若投保人在购买保险的一年度a 内出险，则可以获得10 000元的赔偿金．假定在一年度内有10 000人购买了这种保险，且各投保人是否出险相互独立．已知保险公司在一年度内至少支付赔偿金10 000元的概率为．41010.999-（Ⅰ）求一投保人在一年度内出险的概率；p （Ⅱ）设保险公司开办该项险种业务除赔偿金外的成本为50 000元，为保证盈利的期望不小于0，求每位投保人应交纳的最低保费（单位：元）． 19．（本小题满分12分）如图，正四棱柱中，，点在上且．1111ABCD A B C D -124AA AB ==E 1CC EC E C 31=（Ⅰ）证明：平面；1A C ⊥BED A 1B 1C 1D 1（Ⅱ）求二面角的大小． 1A DE B -- 20．（本小题满分12分）设数列的前项和为．已知，，．{}n a n n S 1a a =13nn n a S +=+*n ∈N （Ⅰ）设，求数列的通项公式；3nn n b S =-{}n b （Ⅱ）若，，求的取值范围．1n n a a +≥*n ∈N a 21．（本小题满分12分）设椭圆中心在坐标原点，是它的两个顶点，直线与AB 相交(20)(01)A B ，，，)0(>=k kx y 于点D ，与椭圆相交于E 、F 两点．（Ⅰ）若，求的值；6ED DF =k （Ⅱ）求四边形面积的最大值． AEBF 22．（本小题满分12分） 设函数．sin ()2cos xf x x=+（Ⅰ）求的单调区间；()f x （Ⅱ）如果对任何，都有，求的取值范围． 0x ≥()f x ax ≤a参考答案和评分参考评分说明： 1．本解答给出了一种或几种解法供参考，如果考生的解法与本解答不同，可根据试题的主要 考查内容比照评分参考制订相应的评分细则． 2．对计算题，当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时，如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和 难度，可视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分，但不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半；如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误，就不再给分．3．解答右端所注分数，表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数． 4．只给整数分数．选择题不给中间分．一、选择题1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 二、填空题13．2 14．2 5．3+16．两组相对侧面分别平行；一组相对侧面平行且全等；对角线交于一点；底面是平行四边形．注：上面给出了四个充要条件．如果考生写出其他正确答案，同样给分． 三、解答题 17．解：（Ⅰ）由，得， 5cos 13B =-12sin 13B =由，得．4cos 5C =3sin 5C =所以． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5分 33sin sin()sin cos cos sin 65A B C B C B C =+=+=（Ⅱ）由得 332ABC S =△， 133sin 22AB AC A ⨯⨯⨯=由（Ⅰ）知，33sin 65A =故 ， ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙8分65AB AC ⨯=又 ， sin 20sin 13AB B AC AB C ⨯==故 ，． 2206513AB =132AB =所以 ． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10分sin 11sin 2AB A BC C ⨯==18．解：各投保人是否出险互相独立，且出险的概率都是，记投保的10 000人中出险的人数为p ，ξ则．4~(10)B p ξ，（Ⅰ）记表示事件：保险公司为该险种至少支付10 000元赔偿金，则发生当且仅A A当， ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2分0ξ=()1()P A P A =-1(0)P ξ=-=，4101(1)p =--又，410()10.999P A =-故． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5分 0.001p =（Ⅱ）该险种总收入为元，支出是赔偿金总额与成本的和． 10000a 支出 ，1000050000ξ+盈利 ，10000(1000050000)a ηξ=-+盈利的期望为 ， ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9分 100001000050000E a E ηξ=--由知，，43~(1010)B ξ-，31000010E ξ-=⨯4441010510E a E ηξ=--⨯．4443410101010510a -=-⨯⨯-⨯0E η≥4441010105100a ⇔-⨯-⨯≥1050a ⇔--≥（元）． 15a ⇔≥故每位投保人应交纳的最低保费为15元． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分19．解法一：依题设知，．2AB =1CE =（Ⅰ）连结交于点，则．AC BD F BD AC ⊥由三垂线定理知，． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3分 1BD A C ⊥在平面内，连结交于点，1A CA EF 1A C G 由于，1AA ACFC CE==故，，1Rt Rt A AC FCE △∽△1AA C CFE ∠=∠E A 1B 1C 1D 1H与互余．CFE ∠1FCA ∠于是．1A C EF ⊥与平面内两条相交直线都垂直，1A C BED BD EF ，所以平面． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6分 1A C ⊥BED （Ⅱ）作，垂足为，连结．由三垂线定理知，GH DE ⊥H 1A H 1A H DE ⊥故是二面角的平面角． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙8分1A HG ∠1A DE B --EF ==，CE CF CG EF ⨯==EG ==， 13EG EF=13EF FD GH DE ⨯=⨯=又，． 1A C ==11A G A C CG =-=．11tan A GA HG HG∠==所以二面角的大小为． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 1A DE B --arctan 解法二：以为坐标原点，射线为轴的正半轴， D DA x 建立如图所示直角坐标系．D xyz -依题设，． 1(220)(020)(021)(204)B CE A ，，，，，，，，，，，，(021)(220)DE DB == ，，，，，． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3分 11(224)(204)A C DA =--= ，，，，，（Ⅰ）因为，，10A C DB = 10A C DE =故，． 1A C BD ⊥1A C DE ⊥又，DB DE D = 所以平面． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6分1A C⊥DBE x（Ⅱ）设向量是平面的法向量，则()x y z =，，n 1DA E ，．DE ⊥ n 1DA ⊥ n 故，．20y z +=240x z +=令，则，，． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9分1y =2z =-4x =(412)=-，，n 等于二面角的平面角， 1A C ，n 1A DE B --．111cos A C A C A C==，n n n 所以二面角的大小为∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 1A DE B --20．解：（Ⅰ）依题意，，即， 113nn n n n S S a S ++-==+123nn n S S +=+由此得． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4分1132(3)n n n n S S ++-=-因此，所求通项公式为，．① ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6分13(3)2n n n n b S a -=-=-*n ∈N （Ⅱ）由①知，，13(3)2nn n S a -=+-*n ∈N 于是，当时，2n ≥1n n n a S S -=- 1123(3)23(3)2n n n n a a ---=+-⨯---⨯，1223(3)2n n a --=⨯+-12143(3)2n n n n a a a --+-=⨯+-，22321232n n a --⎡⎤⎛⎫=∙+-⎢⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦当时，2n ≥21312302n n n a a a -+⎛⎫⇔∙+- ⎪⎝⎭≥≥．9a ⇔-≥又．2113a a a =+>综上，所求的的取值范围是． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 a [)9-+∞，21．（Ⅰ）解：依题设得椭圆的方程为，2214x y +=直线的方程分别为，． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2分 AB EF ，22x y +=(0)y kx k =>如图，设，其中， 001122()()()D x kx E x kx F x kx ，，，，，12x x <且满足方程， 12x x ，22(14)4k x +=故．①21x x =-=由知，得；6ED DF = 01206()x x x x -=-021215(6)77x x x x =+==由在上知，得． D AB 0022x kx +=0212x k=+所以， 212k =+化简得，2242560k k -+=解得或． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6分 23k =38k =（Ⅱ）解法一：根据点到直线的距离公式和①式知，点到的距离分别为E F ，AB1h ． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9分2h 又，所以四边形的面积为AB ==AEBF 121()2S AB h h =+12===，≤当，即当时，上式取等号．所以的最大值为 ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 21k =12k =S 解法二：由题设，，．1BO =2AO =设，，由①得，， 11y kx =22y kx =20x >210y y =->故四边形的面积为AEBFBEF AEF S S S =+△△ ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9分222x y =+===当时，上式取等号．所以的最大值为． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 222x y =S 22．解： （Ⅰ）． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2分 22(2cos )cos sin (sin )2cos 1()(2cos )(2cos )x x x x x f x x x +--+'==++当（）时，，即； 2π2π2π2π33k x k -<<+k ∈Z 1cos 2x >-()0f x '>当（）时，，即． 2π4π2π2π33k x k +<<+k ∈Z 1cos 2x <-()0f x '<因此在每一个区间（）是增函数， ()f x 2π2π2π2π33k k ⎛⎫-+ ⎪⎝⎭，k ∈Z 在每一个区间（）是减函数． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6分()f x 2π4π2π2π33k k ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭，k ∈Z （Ⅱ）令，则()()g x ax f x =-第 11 页 共 11 页22cos 1()(2cos )x g x a x +'=-+2232cos (2cos )a x x =-+++．211132cos 33a x ⎛⎫=-+- ⎪+⎝⎭故当时，．13a ≥()0g x '≥又，所以当时，，即． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9分 (0)0g =0x ≥()(0)0g x g =≥()f x ax ≤当时，令，则．103a <<()sin 3h x x ax =-()cos 3h x x a '=-故当时，．[)0arccos3x a ∈，()0h x '>因此在上单调增加．()h x [)0arccos3a ，故当时，，(0arccos3)x a ∈，()(0)0h x h >=即．sin 3x ax >于是，当时，．(0arccos3)x a ∈，sin sin ()2cos 3xxf x ax x =>>+当时，有．0a ≤π1π0222f a ⎛⎫=>∙ ⎪⎝⎭≥因此，的取值范围是． ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙12分 a 13⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭，。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅰ)文科综合第Ⅰ卷（选择题共140分）本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

张某承包了O.5公顷耕地．种植结构变化如图1。

当地1月平均气温3℃。

完成1～2题。

1．张某承包的耕地可能位于A．珠江三角洲B．太湖平原C．华北平原D．松嫩平原2．导致种植结构变化的主要因素是A．市场需求B．生产经验C．自然条件D．国家政策下表为我国某城市人口资料。

读下表完成3～4题。

1982年1990年2000年总人口(万人)351677010～14岁(％)35.2714.638.515～64岁(％)58.3683.1590.3965岁及以上(％) 6.37 2.22 1.113．该城市自1982年至2000年A．人口自然增长率很高，人口增长迅速B．人口出生率增高，人口老龄化问题得到缓解C．人口出生率大幅度降低，人口死亡率大幅度增高D．人口增长率很高，有大量青壮年人口迁入4．该城市是A．南京B．深圳C．西安D．沈阳产业重心是区域产业产值空间分布的重心。

图2示意中国三次产业重心的经、纬度变化(不含台湾、香港、澳门的统计资料)。

完成5～7题。

5．圈中①、②、③线依次代表A．第一产业、第二产业、第三产业B．第二产业、第三产业、第一产业C．第一产业、第三产业、第二产业D．第三产业、第一产业、第二产业6．从产业重心的纬度变化看A．三次产业重心均向北移动B．第一产业重心移动最快C．第二产业重心移动最快D．第三产业重心移动最快7．自1985年至2003年，产业重心移动的趋势是A．第二产业向东南B．第二产业向东北C．第一产业向东南D．第三产业向东南图3中a是经线，Q点为晨昏线与该经线的交点。

完成8～11题8．若Q地的地方时为5时30分，则Q地所处位置和月份可能是A．北半球、10月B．南半球、5月C．北半球、5月D．南半球、8月9．若Q地的地方时为2时30分，则Q地的纬度可能为A．30°～40°B．45°～55°C．5°～l 5°D．60°～70°10．当Q地位于北半球低纬时，可能的月份及时刻是A．12月、17时30分B．9月、17时C．6月、4时30分D．4月、5时11．一年之内每天同一时刻(6时、18时除外)，Q点在该经线上A．密集分布于南北回归线之间B．均匀分布于整条经线C．密集分布于南北极圈之间D．集中分布于南北两个区间36．（36分）读图6，完成下列要求。

全国2008年1月高等教育自学考试数据结构导论试题课程代码：02142一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.在数据结构中，数据的基本单位是( )A. 数据项B. 数据元素C. 数据对象D. 数据文件2.k=1;for（i=0；i<n；i++）for（j=0；j<n；j++）A［i］［j］=k++；上述程序段的时间复杂度为( )A.O（n2）B.O（n）C.O（2n）D.O（1）3.线性表采用链式存储结构时，要求内存中可用存储单元的地址( )A. 必须是连续的B. 必须是部分连续的C. 一定是不连续的D. 连续和不连续都可以4.设h是指向非空带表头结点的循环链表的头指针，p是辅助指针。

执行程序段p=h;while (p->next->next!=h)p=p->next;p->next=h;后（其中，p->next为p指向结点的指针域），则( )A. p->next指针指向链尾结点B. h指向链尾结点C. 删除链尾前面的结点D. 删除链尾结点5.设顺序表有19个元素，第一个元素的地址为200，且每个元素占3个字节，则第14个元素的存储地址为( )A.236B.239C.242D.2456.一个栈的入栈序列是a ，b ，c ，d ，e ，则栈的输出序列不可能是( ) A. dceab B. decba C. edcbaD. abcde7.元素大小为1个单元，容量为n 个单元的非空顺序栈中，以地址高端为栈底，以top 作为栈顶指针，则出栈处理后，top 的值应修改为( ) A. top=top B. top=n-1C. top=top-1D. top=top+18.某二叉树的先根遍历序列和后根遍历序列正好相反，则该二叉树具有的特征是( ) A.高度等于其结点数 B.任一结点无左孩子 C.任一结点无右孩子D.空或只有一个结点9.在完全二叉树中，若一个结点是叶结点，则它没有( ) A.左孩子结点 B.右孩子结点C.左孩子结点和右孩子结点D.左孩子结点，右孩子结点和兄弟结点 10.邻接矩阵为对称矩阵的图是( ) A. 有向图 B. 带权有向图C. 有向图或无向图D. 无向图11.在一个具有n 个顶点的无向图中，要连通全部顶点至少需要的边数为( ) A.n-1 B.n C.n+1D.2n 12.若构造一棵具有n 个结点的二叉排序树，最坏的情况下其深度不超过( )A. 2nB. nC.21n D. n+113.闭散列表中由于散列到同一个地址而引起的“堆积”现象，是( ) A.由同义词之间发生冲突引起的 B.由非同义词之间发生冲突引起的C.由同义词之间或非同义词之间发生冲突引起的D.由散列表“溢出”引起的14.一个序列中有10000个元素，若只想得到其中前10个最小元素，最好采用的排序方法是( ) A. 快速排序 B. 堆排序C. 插入排序D. 二路归并排序15.在排序方法中，从未排序序列中依次取出元素与已排序序列（初始时为空）中的元素进行比较，将其放入已排序序列的正确位置上的方法，称为( )A.希尔排序B.插入排序C.冒泡排序D.快速排序得分二、填空题(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。