2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇

2020职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题（2）2020年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题（2）Benefits of Educating GirlThe benefits of educating girls are numerous — to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women,to their future families,and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies.A.girl's education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is,the more likely are her children — particularly her daughters — to roll and stay in school.The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition（营养）,use health services more frequently,and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing （分娩）and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy（怀孕）The educational level achieved by women,like family planning services,has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands,butalso are more likely to use effective contraception（避孕）successfully and to limit their families to the number of children,which contribute to smaller family size.Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest,therefore,in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women.31、According to the article,families and the whole society benefit from women'sA.work.cation.C.effort.D.health.32、According to the article,mother's education has an effect on children'sA.personality.B.experience.C.grades in school.D.years of schooling.33、Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except women'sA.good health.B.frequent visits to health services.C.better utilization of nutrition.D.management of family resources.34、In what way do women contribute to the small family size according to the text？A.By educating their children.B.By marrying late.C.By supporting the small family.D.By educating their husbands.35、It can be concluded from the passage that educating girlsA.has great influence on boy's growth.B.is helpful to the stability of families.C.can raise women's social status.D.contributes to the development of society.。

2020职称英语模拟试题：理工类补全短文2020职称英语模拟试题：理工类补全短文小编推荐：Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New Year’s Eve celebrations. Also common are daysin honor of love and friendship, like Valentine’s Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events in its schools, banks, and governments offices all close on days like these, ____(46). A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Con sider April Fool’s Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries—France, England and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes ____(47). The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they got angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part. They do it to girls they like. unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more pounds of tomatoes into this little town. _____(48). For two hours, streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to marks thestart of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains andcatch a wild ____(49).Also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, person gets an idea for a new holiday andtries to get others to accept it. Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, fun than the one on February 9. ____(50) of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.A. Some people have fun imaging new holidays.B. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.C. Then begins the world’s biggest food fight.D. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head and make days.E. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everythingF. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.答案：FECDB。

Primer on Smell嗅觉入门In addition to bringing out the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?嗅觉除了能让我们感受到食物的气味外，还能做什么？Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. And smell tells us about people.“Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.美国约翰霍普金斯大学研究嗅觉的专家Randall Reed教授指出，气味能提供给我们关于位置，关于我们在哪儿，以及有关人的信息。

“无论我们是否意识到，我们能根据气味收集到许多关于谁在我们身边的信息”， Reed讲道。

Even at a distance, odors can warn us of trouble —spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.即使还隔着一段距离，气味就能提醒我们注意很多麻烦：变质的食物，煤气泄漏，或是火灾。

职称英语理工类C级-6(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences. （分数：1.00）A.forceB.influence √C.surpriseD.power解析：2.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.（分数：1.00）A.promoteB.paintC.produce √D.polish解析：3.In short, I am going to live there myself.（分数：1.00）A.In other wordsB.That is to sayC.In a word √D.To be frank解析：4.I am not certain whether he will come.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.sure √C.sorryD.glad解析：5.Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions.（分数：1.00）A.statementsB.beliefs √C.suggestionsD.claims解析：6.Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.（分数：1.00）A.readilyB.casuallyC.obviously √D.simply解析：7.I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.（分数：1.00）A.makingB.keepingC.changingD.implementing √解析：8.Can you follow the plot so far?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand √解析：9.Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.（分数：1.00）A.contact √B.seeC.helpD.touch解析：10.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.physical √B.mentalC.naturalD.hard解析：11.We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person,（分数：1.00）A.shyB.stupidC.dull √D.selfish解析：12.She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.（分数：1.00）A.noticed √B.heardC.realizedD.got解析：13.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. （分数：1.00）A.styleB.behavior √C.modeD.attitude解析：14.14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.（分数：1.00）A.result √B.judgmentC.decisionD.event解析：15.They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.（分数：1.00）rgeB.totalC.small √D.similar解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：7，分数：7.00)16.The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. Wrong√C.C. Not mentioned解析：17.The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long, history of civilization.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned√解析：18.Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. Wrong√C.C. Not mentioned解析：19.The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about-the problem of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：20.The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：21.High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right√B.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned解析：22.Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.B. WrongC.C. Not mentioned√解析：三、{{B}}第3部分：概括大意与完成句子{{/B}}(总题数：8，分数：8.00)23.Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：24.Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：25.Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：26.Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：27.Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：28.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：29.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：30.It is claimed that introducing robots is 1.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：四、{{B}}第4部分：阅读理解{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)31.Astronomers are particularly interested in Eta Carinae because （分数：3.00）A.it is in its final stage. √B.it is a supernova.C.it exploded in 1987.D.it is brighter than the Sun.解析：32.The word "period" in Paragraph 3 means the length of time（分数：3.00）A.over which stars vary in brightness. √B.for which Eta Carinae's brightening lasts.C.Eta Carinae takes to become a supernova.D.it takes the laser from Eta Carinae to travel to the earth.解析：33.Eta Carinae is now engaging in（分数：3.00）A.some very common behaviour.B.some very dull behaviour.C.some very frightening behaviour,D.some very strange behaviour. √解析：34.Eta Carinae is hard to observe because（分数：3.00）A.it is too far away.B.there is too much dust and gas around it. √C.the binoculars are not powerful enough.D.it does not send out infrared light.解析：35.Which of the following statements about Eta Carinae is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.It will end up as a supernova.B.It can be seen only through binoculars.C.It is the only star that sends out an ultraviolet laser. √D.Its ultraviolet laser is brighter than that of the Sun.解析：五、{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)36."Some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa trees.B.some chocolate drinks.C.some shops. √D.some South American Indians.解析：37.According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （分数：3.00）A.Food. √B.Clothing.C.Ideology.nguage.解析：38.Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.One third of the world's population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia. √C.Coffee can keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.解析：39.Which country is the largest coffee producer?（分数：3.00）A.Brazil. √B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.解析：40.Thousands of Irish people starved during the "Potato Famine" because（分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.B.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.D.the potato harvest was bad. √解析：六、{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.We learn from the passage that the London & Blackwell railway（分数：3.00）A.now carries passengers to and from the docks,B.was a busy line a few years ago.ed to employ many messengers and clerks.D.was not originally a steam railway. √解析：42.The passage tells us that London's first Light Rail System（分数：3.00）A.was constructed in the nineteenth century.B.will be finished in three years' time.C.follows some of the original lines. √D.took three years longer than expected to complete.解析：43.The trains on the DLR are controlled by（分数：3.00）A.an on-board central computer. √B.a computer engineer on board.C.two-way radios operated by the drivers.D.a computer center based somewhere along the line.解析：44.It appears that the Poplar to Stratford section of the DLR route was originally developed to （分数：3.00）A.promote travel in the Midlands.B.encourage trade with the North of England.C.create employment.D.make the transport of goods easier. √解析：45."This line" in Paragraph 3 refers to（分数：3.00）A.the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar.B.the line from Poplar to Island Gardens.C.the Millwall Extension Railway. √D.the line from, Poplar to Stratford.解析：七、{{B}}第5部分：补全短文{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：八、{{B}}第6部分：完形填空{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)A.unlikelyB.uncertainC.great √D.little解析：A.change √B.cureC.demandD.set解析：A.processes √B.producesC.takesD.refuses解析：A.formB.affectC.createD.determine √解析：A.developed √B.boughtC.discoveredD.sent解析：A.toB.alongC.by √D.with解析：A.slowB.deafC.blind √me解析：A.lifeB.way √C.methodD.skill解析：A.closeB.wide √C.smallD.high解析：A.describeB.demandC.considerD.indicate √解析：A.watchedB.madeC.learntD.heard √解析：A.acceptedB.based √C.keptD.focused 解析：A.took √B.spentedD.had解析：A.featureB.qualityC.diagramD.source √解析：A.but √B.evenC.soD.if解析：。

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类C （阅读理解）第三部分：概况大意与完成句子New research lights the way to super-fast computers1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2) The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.3) Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are usedto send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arounda computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,"said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.23. ______________ Paragraph 224. ______________ Paragraph 325. ______________ Paragraph 426. ______________ Paragraph 5A. Expectation of the discoveryB. the problem of current computersC. A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material27. _____ The result of the research can help computers toincrease ____28. ________________________________________ Current computers transfer information using _________________29. ____________________ The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function30. Glass is used in the research to carry and processA. optical informationB. processing speedsC. electronsD. positive chargesE. data technologiesF. all-optical systemsWhy Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.。

2020年职称英语《理工类》概括大意练习（1）1 Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever1 built.You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence.One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.2 The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube.One droplet is even smaller than the other.When a small electric current is applied to the droplets,atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one.The small droplet grows —but never gets as big as the other droplet and eventually bumps into the large droplet.As they touch,the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost.This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke.23 The technique exploits the fact that surface tension —the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating —becomes more important at small scales3.Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.4 Although the amount of energy produced is small — 20 microwatts — it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4.The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side,or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair.If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6,it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry's 225 horsepower V6 engine.5 In 1988,Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor,which was 100 micronsacross7,or about the thickness of a human hair.In2003,Zettl's group created the first nanoscale motor.In 2006,they built a nanoconveyor,which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.6 Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature,building things atom-by-atom.Among other things,nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light,a process called optical switching.Futurists envision a day when nanomachines,powered by nanomotors,travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells.练习：1.Paragraph 2 _____2.Paragraph 4 _____3.Paragraph 5 _____4.Paragraph 6 _____A An Introduction of a Toyota's 225 Horsepower V6 EngineB A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and SizeC Surface TensionD Previous Inventions of Nanoscale ProductsE The Working Principle of the NanomotorF Possible Fields of Application in the Future5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to _____.6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to _____.7.Nanoconveyors could be used to _____.8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to _____.A remove diseaseB resist separatingC shuffle between two molten metal dropletsD power nanomachinesE sop up molecules from the large dropletF transport nanoscale objects答案与题解：1.E 第二段介绍了纳米发动机的工作原理。

职称英语阅读六理工类职称英语阅读（六）理工类PASSAGE 20Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space & Technology out of San Bernardino, California. "I realized that real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington, Virginia, has taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively (and somewhat dubiously) set to occur by 2005. Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says: "Space is the next exotic vacation spot."This may all sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit -with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary-already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space-tourism market have between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket." The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launchsystem that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in Redwood City, California, has a booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth; Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland, Washington, is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines, shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system. The first pa。

2013年职称英语等级考试理工类考前重点注：此内容为《汇知考轻松-职称英语等级考试零起点辅导》课程于2013年3月5日第三次升级标记★★★的考试重点内容。

为便于大家的学习，将此部分整成为Word文档，需要的考生朋友可以下载后自行打印。

该内容为考试时可能从书上出题的范围，一般来说会从这部分内容里边出题30分，为了您的考试过关，请不要只依赖于此部分内容！请尽量安排时间作全面的学习！各篇文章在《汇知考轻松-职称英语等级考试零起点辅导》课程软件中的位置文档已注明。

阅读理解部分[C]第1篇Making Light of Sleep（阅读理解C第六讲）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light, it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night playimportant roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.1．The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA）it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleep.B）it has a cycle of 24 hours.C）it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D）it can alarm any time during 24 hours.参考答案:B解题思路:题句问：我们大脑里面的生物钟与床边的闹钟有些相似之处，因为什么？本题可以定位到原文第一段第二句。

2020年职称英语《理工A》阅读理解真题(文字版) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.为了给考生提供更直观的真题答案解析，本站精心策划【】，请点击查看！Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in Fran ce, says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。

2020职称英语新增文章：An Essential ScientificProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, theplants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take inthe nutrients the plants have made sted. But that’s not all.Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by theplant, but a plant usually produces me oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygenis necessary f animals other ganisms to live.The process of changing light into food oxygen is calledphotosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbondioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbondioxide travels to chloplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants.This is photosynthesis takes place. Chloplasts contain the chlophyllsthat give plants their green col. Thechlophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide oxygen move into out of the stomata. Watervap also moves out of the stomata. Me than 90 percent of water a planttakes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, thestomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leavesf photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomataof most plants close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food other ganicmatter on the earth. Most ganisms would disappear. The earth’s atmospherewould no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential f life on ourplanet.词汇：nutrient n.营养物ganism n.生物体，有机体carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳chloplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vap n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1.Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。

第二部分阅读判断参考译文第七篇中度地震袭击英国2007年4月28日英格兰东南部地区发生中度地震，一些房屋烟囱倒塌，许多居民半夜从睡梦中惊醒。

肯特郡几千人遭遇断电，一名女子头部和颈部受了轻伤。

“我感觉整个房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。

”该女子说。

英国地质调查局说，本次里氏4．3级的地震发生于上午8点l9分，震中在英吉利海峡底部，位于多佛尔以南约8.5英里处的海峡隧道入口附近。

一些目击者看到郡中墙壁出现裂缝，并有烟囱倒塌。

当地居民说震动大约持续了10～l5秒。

“我当时躺在床上，觉得好像旁边有人从床上站起来。

”住在伦敦东南部60英里处的27岁的Hendrick van Eek说，“然后我听到有东西裂开的声音，而且越来越响。

就好像有人在我床尾不停地并着脚跳。

”这种规模的中度地震世界上每年都会发生几千次，但在英国仍非常少见。

4月28日的地震是英国自2002年中部城市伯明翰里氏4．8级地震以来最强的一次。

英国的地震最高曾达到里氏6.1级，l931年发生在北海。

英国地质勘测所的科学家罗杰·马森说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。

马森预言英格兰的这个地区早晚还会发生地震，但他说人们不必对此产生太大恐惧，因为英国的现代地震预警系统应该能够侦测即将发生的地震，并在震前数小时内通知大家。

这将使人们有时间撤离震区，并把损失降到最低。

第十篇爱尔兰海豚可能有独特语言爱尔兰科学家们通过监测爱尔兰西南部河口一带海豚的生活，认为这些海豚可能使用了一种独特的语言互相沟通。

香农海豚与野生动物基金会一直在研究香农河内的一组多达l20只的瓶鼻海豚。

该组织在香农河边的一个牛棚里用计算机收集海豚的声音。

作为一个研究项目的一部分，一名叫罗曼·希克基的学生通过电脑对l 882只爱尔兰海豚和威尔士海豚的鸣叫进行了数字化分析，然后将鸣叫划分为6大类32种。

第二篇Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he isalready “talking”with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited. Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old. When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. These babies started using signs about two months later. More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. However, research does not show this. In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. It can be useful because many people understand it. There，s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!第二篇婴儿语婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。

2020年职称英语理工类全真模拟试题第六套1.It is apparent that he hasn’t done his work properlyA.clearB.appealC.actualD.appositive准确答案：A2.Fling the ball as far as possibleA.FlyB.CarryC.ThrowD.Blow准确答案：C3.The treatment cost the patient 500 dollars approximatelyA.appropriatelyB.apparentlyC.exactlyD.or so准确答案：D4.The tramp carried all his belongings in a pack on his backA.truck driverB.vagabondC.murdererD.old man准确答案：B5.Tony is so diligent that he ranked No.1 in the final examA.difficult in studyzyC.hardworkingD.clever准确答案：CMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in SanDiego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7hours each night also said they had more trouble fallingasleep and feeling refresh ed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no massextinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern ofColumbia University in New York，US2.“It may make itpossible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to bemore studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.词汇：supermassive adj.特大质量的imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡veer/ viE/v.转向，改变方向flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎饼obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除devour/di5vauE（r）/v.吞没；毁灭swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋动gamma rays γ 射线supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星。

Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid. Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid)motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。

2020职称英语《理工类》阅读理解练习题（4）Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewer stressfuldays,according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However,the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this.researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day,and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days,people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time,and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in theirhealth.'"lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz,of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center,said in a prepared statement."The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged."Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic."If something happens every day,maybe it'snot seen as a stressor"Grzywacz says."Maybe it is just 1ife."1. Stress level is closely related toA）family size.B）social status.C）body weight.D）work experience.2.The 1.03 1 adults were interviewedA）on adaily basis for 8days.B）during one of eight days.C）all by Grzywacz.D）in groups.3. Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days？ A）People without any education.B）People without high school degrees.C）People with high school degrees.D）People with college degrees.4.The less advantaged people are,the greaterA）the impact of stress on their health is.B）the effect of education on their health isC）the level of their education is.D）the degree of their health concern is.5.Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly becauseA）they don't want to tell the truth.B）they don't want to face the truth.C）stress is too common a factor in their life.D）their stress is more acute.答案：1. B 从文章题目便可得知,一个人的紧张水准与其受教育的水准挂钩,而受教育的水准又直接影响一个人的社会地位。