定语从句与易混结构辨析

定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，它在句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词。

例如：
The man who is standing over there is my uncle. (who是定语从句，修饰man)
The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. (which是定语从句，修饰book)
定语从句与其他相似的易混的结构有：
同位语从句
同位语从句是一种修饰名词的从句，它在句中充当同位语，解释或补充说明名词的意义。

例如：
My dream, which is to become a scientist, will never change. (which是同位语从句，解释dream的意义)
状语从句
状语从句是一种修饰动词、形容词或其他状语的从句，它在句中充当状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等意义。

例如：
She will come to visit me if she has time. (if是状语从句，表示条件)
区分定语从句与其他相似结构的方法是，看修饰的名词在句中的作用。

如果修饰的名词在句中充当定语，那么这个从句就是定语从句。

如果修饰的名词在句中充当同位语，那么这个从句就是同位语从句。

如果
修饰的名词在句中充当状语，那么这个从句就是状语从句。

定语从句与其他相似结构的区别还可以通过关系词来判断。

定语从句常用关系词who、whom、whose、that、which来引导；同位语从句常用关系词that。

定语从句与十一种句型易混辨析鲁山一高徐焕焕一．定语从句与并列句① He has many friends, none of whom say he is greedy.② He has many friends, but none of them say he is greedy.定语从句与主句之间是一种主从关系，需关系词将两者连接，如句①，故填whom ；并列句是由并列连词等连接起来的句子，此时不再需要关系词了，如句②，故填代词them.二．定语从句与强调句①It was in Wuhan that Jill met the girl and adopted her.②It was in Wuhan where Jill met the girl and adopted her.强调句型的结构式: “ It is／was＋被强调部分＋that 从句”判断是不是强调句标准是：先把It is／was… that去掉，剩下的句子如果仍然成立，则为强调句型，如句①，故填that，否则为定语从句，如句②，故填where.三．定语从句与强调句在特定语境中的区分----Where did you meet him?-----It was in the factory B he worked.A. thatB. where从语法结构上分析，A 、B两个选项都合适，填 A ，是强调句型，填 B ，是定语从句；但是结合语境，填A句意为“他是在这个工厂工作的，”答非所问，而填B句意为“是在他工作的工厂里，”符合语境，故正确答案只能是B.四．定语从句与结果状语从句① I want to have the same dictionary as he has.② She is such a kind teacher that all of us respect her.如果as, that在引导的从句中充当一定成分，则它们引导的是定语从句，如句①, 故填as ；相反，如果它们只起连接作用，则它们引导的是结果状语从句，如句②，故填that.五．定语从句与地点状语从句①We should go to the place where／in which we are needed most.②We should go where we are needed most.where引导定语从句，其前一定要有表地点的先行词，而且可以用“介词＋which”替代where ，如句①, “place”做先行词，故填where／in which ；而地点状语从句前无先行词，只能用where引导地点状语从句，如句②，故填where.六．定语从句与固定句型①It was the time when the two countries were at war.②It was the first time that she had ever left her motherland.句①中time是先行词，其后是when引导的定语从句；句②是固定句型：It ＋is／was＋序数词＋time＋that从句.七．定语从句与两个简单句①I found a note on the table, which read: “I’ve left for Harbin.”②I found a note on the table. It read: “I’ve left for Harbin.”含有定语从句的复合句，有主句，有从句，即定语从句，必须要有关系词，如句①；而两个简单句是两个独立的完整的句子，不需要关系词，如句②。

易混淆从句辨析------------------------------------------作者------------------------------------------日期一、定语从句与强调句型当定语从句以It is / was... that... 形式出现时，极易与强调句型混淆。

区分两者的关键在于正确判别it和that在句子中的作用。

1. 句法功能不同在It is / was... that...的结构中，如从句为定语从句，则句首的it是指示代词，担任主句的主语，that担任从句的主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略；如为强调句型，则it和that都是引导词，本身无意义，that不充当句子成分，不能省略。

例5It is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。

例６It is novels that she enjoys reading.她喜欢阅读的是小说。

点评：例5中It为主句的主语，相当于a question；that引导的是定语从句，用来修饰先行词a question，that同时充当从句的主语，不能省略。

例6中的It显然不能等同于novels，that不担任句子成分，但不能省略。

2. 涉及对象不同定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或名词短语，而强调句型中被强调的部分可以是名词、副词、介词短语和从句。

例７This is the museum (that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观过的博物馆。

例８It was in this museum that we saw the famous painting. 我们就是在这家博物馆里见到这幅名画的。

例９It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因为她病了，我们才决定返回。

定语从句和其他易混句型对比和区别一．定语从句与并列句1.并列句用分号（；）或连接词and, but来连接。

2.定语从句用关系词来引导，关系词具有两个作用：一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接（主句和从句）作用，二是充当从句中的一个成分。

练习：Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer.Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer.Li has three daughters; __________ are doctors.二. 定语从句与地点状语从句1. where引导的定语从句用来修饰表示地点意义的名词或代词，可以改成“介词+which”。

2. where引导的地点状语从句用来修饰动词，表示动作发生或存在的地点，不可改成“介词+which”。

：3.做题时，先根据句意确定有无先行词。

如有，是定语从句，如无，是状语从句。

对比下面两个句子：He left the key where he had been an hour ago.He left the place where he lived for many years.练习：doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.still remember the farm_____ my parents worked ten years ago.3. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. there三. 定语从句与强调句1.强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析众所周知，定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。

由此造成了这样一种现象：做题时，一遇到从句就往定语从句上想，尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型（主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句）也当作定语从句来理解，结果产生错误。

因此，从某个方面来说，解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。

一、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。

实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。

1. 句法功能不同定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词（称为先行词）或整个句子；同位语从句则相当于一个名词，是先行词所述内容的展开，即说明先行词的具体内容。

定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的引导词that（被称为连接代词）在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分。

定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略，也不能被代替。

例1The news （that / which）we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。

例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。

点评：例1的中that从句是定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来限定the news，that在从句中作宾语，可省略。

例2中的that从句是同位语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，本身就是the news的内容，that不能省略。

2. 与先行词关系不同定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词，当that省略时，定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。

高中英语语法：定语从句易混关系词辨析几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that & which: 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等。

1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There's nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比较*This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

定语从句与六种易混句型巧划分一、定语从句定语从句which / that /who / whose / whom / as / when / where / whybank which / that was opened last week is a very modern one. architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.island, which is at the mouth of the river, is being developed as a scenic spot.son, who is a surgeon, is now in Swedenas a visiting scholar. man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.room in which my family live used to be a garage.is the book ( which / that ) I referred to in my talk.is a teacher ( whom / that ) we all have high respect for.1.This is the best film that has ever been made.2.The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.3.The only furniture that he had in the room was a bed anda small desk.4. That is all that I want to say./ Is there anythingthat I can do for you?5.They talked about persons and things that theyremembered in the school.6.Is there any book that I can refer to?7.Who is the girl that is standing at the school gate?Which is the book that you want to borrow?hero whose left leg he lost in the war is well looked after.the hill were maple trees whose leaves had turned red.On the hill were maple trees the leaves of which had turned red.On the hill were maple trees of which the leaves had turned red.He is a teacher, as / which is clear from his manner.As is natural, she married an American businessman.He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. They stayed for the night in the same room as / that they had once rented.I still remember the day when / on which we first met.We will never forget the day which we spent together.We will never forger the day when we worked together.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, where thereare many plants.This is the reason why / for which he left the company.This is the reason which he gave us for his action.This is the reason why he did that thing.二、定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相像，十分简单混杂。

定语从句是高中英语教学的重点、难点,也是历年高考的热点。

为便于同学们学习掌握该内容,本文拟从结构入手比较定语从句与其易混句型。

主要体现在以下几个方面:一、定语从句与并列句的判断1.I have tw o close friends and both of ________are doctors.2.I have tw o close friends,both of ________are doctors.A.whoB.w ho mC.themD.w hich解析:解答此类试题时一定要注意标点符号和并列连词的使用。

and,but,so,or 等只连接两个独立分句而构成并列句。

没有and,but,so,or 等为非限制性定语从句。

正确答案为:1.C 2.B二、定语从句与状语从句的判断A.定语从句与地点状语从句He adv ised me to live in the place ________the air is fresher.A.in w hereB.in whichC.the place w hereD.w here解析:从句前有无先行词是判断定语从句与地点状语从句的重要标志。

这个句子有先行词the place ,所以是定语从句,因此B 和D 均对,改成He adv ised me to live________the air is fresher ,那才是地点状语从句,只能选D.w here 。

B.定语从句与结果状语从句His plan was such a go od one ________we all agreed to accept it.A.soB.andC.thatD.as解析:从句中的成分是否完整是区别这两类从句的重要标志。

该句中的成分完整因此是such …that …引导的状语从句,that 在从句中不担任成分,从句中有宾语it 。

如果从句中无it,则为定语从句,因先行词被such 修饰,所以关系代词用as 。