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Cross-Cultural Communication SkillsWhat is cross cultural communication? Well, it simply refers to interpersonal interaction and communication across different cultures. In our increasingly globalized world, this has become an important issue. Effective cross culture communication is all about overcoming cultural differences across religion, borders, nationality and behavior.Within the business context, the diversity of people in countries and cities means that an element of effective cross cultural communication will always be required whether it is between employees, colleagues, or clients. With proper cross cultural business communication, a company can reap benefits in areas such as improved staff interaction, effective client management and better customer relations. With cross cultural communication training, foreign travel and cultural immersion, one can attain competency in cross cultural communication.Because English is the language of business, those who have English as a first language are distinctly advantaged. It therefore falls to them to take particular care in cross-lingual situations to be sure that they are adjusting their own speaking skills to account for language skill diversity when needed: speaking slowly, using tone for cl arity, avoiding acronyms or idioms, using linguistic “signposts,” etc. Conventions and guidelines for “International English” are developing. These guidelines also serve those for whom English is not a native language as we all strive to bridge the gaps that can occur in cross-cultural communication.Competency in Cross-Cultural Communication Skills Directly Influences Your SuccessMulti-cultural work is complex, and different cultures have a dissimilar concept of what constitutes effective communication. Mutual understanding and common agreement in cross-cultural settings is a special challenge. Even when the simplest of words are understood across cultures in a common language, they can carry different meanings that can produce misunderstandings and thus reduce trust. Most of thechallenges caused by cross-cultural clashes are the result of the failure by some or all parties involved to recognize and account for differences in culturally-based communication styles.Below are some guidelines to help improve your cross cultural communication skills.Cross cultural communications require the following:Listening skills. This is a key skill that many business personnel do not exercise enough. To avoid any cross cultural communication problems, attentive listening is critical to be able to understand meanings and empathize with the speaker.Speaking skills. Speaking well is not about accent, use of grammar and vocabulary or having the "gift of the gab" Rather, cross cultural communication is enhanced through positive speech such as encouragement, recognition or expressing opinions sensitively.Observation. To over any cross cultural communication barriers, one need to be more observant of people's dress, body language, interaction and behavior, as these details contain large amounts of cross cultural information.Patience. While there are times when cross cultural differences can be annoying and frustrating, patience is definitely a virtue in such cases. Through patience, respect can be won and cross cultural understanding will be enhanced.Flexibility. You must be open-minded and adaptable if you wish to achieve successful cross cultural communication. Understanding and addresses cross cultural differences can lead to a breakdown of cultural barriers which in turn lead to better communication and stronger trust between both parties.Following the 5 above-mentioned cross cultural communication needs will help to improve communication and pave the path towards stronger cross cultural relationships.。
跨文化交际一、课程基本信息1、课程中、英文名称：跨化交文际、Cross-cultural Communication2、课程类别：专业专选课程3、课程学时：18学时4、学分：2分二、课程的目的与任务：跨文化交际作为一门学科涉及到文化和交际的各个层面，包括语言交际、非语言交际、人们之间的相互交往，以及不同文化之间的观念和信仰等。
该课程的目的在于通过不同文化差异的比较研究，分析跨文化交际案例，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性，提高不同文化语境中语言交际的能力，从而更好地适应不同文化环境。
使学生了解其他文化的社会文化习俗和价值观念；在语言学习的同时，更多关注相关国家的文化，特别是通过与本族文化的对比，提高跨文化交际能力，以适应社会发展和国际交流的需要,增加跨文化交际意识，并最终形成跨文化交际能力。
三、课程的重点和基本要求：（一）课程的重点本课程教学的重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。
通过典型实力分析，模拟交流联系，交际失误分析，英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言，文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。
（二）．基本要求：1、了解跨文化交际研究的范围和目前发展的动向。
2、掌握跨文化交际研究的基本方法，并运用来解决一些实际问题。
3、奠定向该学科研究纵深发展的理论基础。
四、教学内容及要求本课程以语言学习为前提，强调在语言学习的过程中提高利用外语进行跨文化交际的能力，通过对交际与语言，语言与文化，文化与价值观的学习和讨论，提高跨文化交际意识；通过对文化现象的思考和讨论，反思语言学习过程，增加对文化差异的敏感性；通过课堂活动和案例学习，提高跨文化交际意识和能力，达到有效交流的目的。
1．通过学习，学生能够了解语言及非语言交际在跨文化交际中的重要作用及应用规则。
1. Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.(1)convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）(2)innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）(3)economic globalization (经济全球化）(4)widespread migrations(广泛的移民）2.What are the characteristic(特点）of culture?(1)shared(2)learned (enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)(3)dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)(4)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)3.What are the characteristic of communication?(1)dynamic(动态性）(2)irreversible(不可逆转的）(3)symbolic(符号的）(4)systematic(系统性）(5)transactional（互动性）(6)contextual(语境)4. Discuss the contents of …1) Chronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学(1) Monochronic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time(2) Polychronic Time: being involved with many things at once.2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.5..How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?1) In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name,but in English this order is reversed.2) In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.3) (About addressing by relationship）Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. 4)Chinese use a person's title, office, or profession to indicate(表明）the person's influential(有权势的）status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used.(p24)6.What are the social functions of compliments?（赞美的社会作用）Creating or reinforcing (加固）solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.7. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的P-Time is less rigid(刻板）and clock-bound, more flexible and more human-centered. 8. What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）There are two primary influences on gender: socialization:family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low context culture.（讨论高、低语境）Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others, the burden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接）direct, explicit（明确）,and verbal, relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，and articulation. So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.10.How is gender different from sex?Sex: biological, permanent, with an individual propertyGender: socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Communication (六条有效的跨性别交际原则)1)Suspend judgment2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles3)Provide translation cues4)Seek translation cues5)Enlarge your own communication style6)Suspend judgment。
