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语法专题十三、复合句之宾语从句（必考）宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以做谓语动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语。
1.宾语从句的时态主句是现在时，从句的时态根据实际需要，该用什么时态用什么时态He says he won’t be late again.他说他再也不会迟到。
主句是过去时，从句用相应的过去时态He said he would come on time tomorrow.他说他明天会按时到。
如果宾语从句是客观事实或真理、定理、法则等，即使主句用过去时，从句也用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us that the moon goes around the earth.我们老师告诉我们月亮围绕地球转。
2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。
【典例】Mr. Jackson hasn’t decided ________ this weekend.A. where he will have a picnicB. where will he have a picnic.C. where he had a picnicD. where did he have a picnic3.宾语从句的引导词（1）宾语从句是陈述句时用that，that可省略。
I hear (that) he will be back in a month.我听说他一个月以后回来。
（2）当从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导，(只能用whether 不能用if的情况见下面)，句末标点取决于主句。
I don’t know if/ whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
Do you know if he will come tomorrow? 你知道明天他是否会来吗？（3）当从句是特殊疑问句时用who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, how, why, how often, how long, how soon等特殊疑问词。
宾语从句的复合句概念:复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。
由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。
宾语从句在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：?? I kn ow th e man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：? Iknowthatthe m an is a po licem an. ? 主句引导词从句中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。
一. 宾语从句的种类1.由that引导的宾语从句。
th at只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：He sa id (t hat)he wa ntedto st ay at home. She d oesn’t kno w (th at) s he is seri ously ill. I am sure (tha t) he will succ eed.2. 由连接代词wh o, wh om, w hose, what, whi ch和连接副词whe n, wh ere,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：D o you know who(whom) the y are wait ing f or? Heasked whos e han dwrit ing w as th e bes t.Ca n you tell me w herethe N o.3 b us st op is? I do n’t k now w hy th e tra in is late.3.由if或w hethe r引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句的复合句
宾语从句是复合句的一种类型，由一个子句（从句）作为句子的宾语，在句子中充当宾语。
宾语从句常常引导由that、whether、if等连接词开头的从句，其中that通常可以省略。
例如：
I know (that) you are right.
我知道你是对的。
她问我是否想去看电影。
She asked me whether/if I wanted to see the movie.
若宾语从句是一般疑问句，则在句末要加上问号，例如：
Can you tell me where the station is?
你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？
宾语从句可以出现在主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等语法成分中，
例如：
What he said is true.（以宾语从句作主语）。
他说的是真的。
She found out that the ticket had been sold out.（以宾语从句
作宾语）。
她发现车票已经售罄。
The problem is who will be in charge.（以宾语从句作表语）。
问题是谁将负责。
我想知道她为什么没来。
改为含有宾语从句的复合句例句(一)复合句转换1.The tickets are in my pocket. The man says.The man says that the tickets are in his pocket.2.I have joined the League. He says.He says that he has joined the League.3.The earth goes round the sun. Our teacher tells us.Our teacher tells us that the earth goes round the sun.4.Have you heard of anything about Mei? The man asks us.The man asks us if we have heard of anything about Mei.5.Can you swim? Please tell me.Please tell me if you can swim.6.How can we do the work well?I always think of how we can do the work well.7.When do you go to bed? He asks me.He asks me when I go to bed.8.Where did you meet Mr Green?I want to know where I met Mr Green.9.What are they drawing? Do you know?I want to know what they are drawing.10.Where do they stop on the way? I ask.I ask where they stop on the way.11.What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?12.Do they like to make friends with us? He asks.He asks if they like to make friends with us.13.“I am doing my homework.” He says.He says that he is doing his homework.14.(缺失序号，但可能是原题的遗漏部分，这里不直接给出答案)15.(同样缺失序号，不直接给出答案)16.(缺失序号，不直接给出答案)17.“How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?Could you tell me how I can get to the station?18.“Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?Would you tell me why the train is late?19.“Where is Tom?” They ask.They ask where Tom is.(二)句型转换1.Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?→ Could you tell us if Mr. Brown enjoys living in China?2.“Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.→ He asked me if the girl needed any help.3.Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.→ Neither Jim nor Tom is a student.4.When does the train leave? I want to know.→ I want to know when the train leaves.5.They went home after they had finished their homework.→ They didn't go home until they had finished their homework.6.Li Lei wants to know if Peter was here yesterday.A. if; Whether (错误，应为if)B. whether; Whether (错误，应为if)C. if; That (错误，That不适用于此句)D. if; If (错误，应为if)正确选项：C（但此题实际上C也不对，应为D去掉重复的If，但选项中无正确，应选if作为引导词）7.I don't know where the day after tomorrow is. (此句逻辑不通，应为具体事件或活动，而非日期本身)8.Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is?A. what (错误)B. how (错误)C. whether (错误)D. where (正确)9.Could you tell me how he mended the radio without any help?A. how did he mend (错误，语序)B. what did he mend (错误，与句意不符)C. how he mended (正确)D. what he mended (错误，与句意不符)10.Do you know where he lives now?A. he lives (正确，但需置于从句中)B. does he live (错误，语序)C. he lived (错误，时态不符)D. did he live (错误，语序和时态均不符)11.Do you know what time the train leaves?A. the train leave (错误，需用第三人称单数)B. does the train leave (错误，语序)C. will the train leave (错误，语序和时态混用)D. the train leaves (正确)12.I don't know how old the two players are. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old (错误，语序和表达)B. how old are the two players (错误，语序)C. the two players are how old (错误，语序)D. how old the two players are (正确)(三)同义句转换1.Why don’t you go boating on the river?→ Why not go boating on the river?2.Bill sat next to him in the classroom.→ Did Bill sit next to him in the classroom?3.My sister is helping my mother wash clothes now.→ My sister helped my mother wash clothes just now.4.Please tell me, “Why does Sally miss her parents?”→ Please tell me why Sally misses her parents.5.I wanted to know, “Is he doing his homework?”→ I wanted to know if he was doing his homework.。
含宾语从句的复合句
1. 我真的觉得呀，那就是我知道你为什么喜欢这部电影，因为它真的超级棒啊！就像我知道冰淇淋为什么好吃一样。
比如：我跟你说，“我真的觉得那就是我知道你为什么喜欢这部电影，因为它真的超级棒啊！”
2. 你难道不觉得，我觉得他肯定能成功，就像鸟儿一定会飞翔一样。
像这样：“你难道不觉得，我觉得他肯定能成功！”
3. 哇塞，我简直不敢相信我发现了他其实是个好人，就好像发现了宝藏一样。
可以说：“哇塞，我简直不敢相信我发现了他其实是个好人！”
4. 哎呀，我总觉得她知道我喜欢她，这感觉真奇妙啊，就如同春天来了花朵知道要绽放。
例如：“哎呀，我总觉得她知道我喜欢她！”
5. 嘿，我坚信他明白我想要什么，这就好比星星明白自己要闪耀。
像这句：“嘿，我坚信他明白我想要什么！”
6. 天呐，我怀疑他是不是忘了我告诉他的事，就像风可能会忘了它吹过的路。
比如说：“天呐，我怀疑他是不是忘了我告诉他的事！”
7. 哇哦，我确定她理解我的感受，就像阳光理解万物需要温暖。
比如：“哇哦，我确定她理解我的感受！”
8. 咦，我认为他知道自己在做什么，这跟鱼儿知道怎么游一样。
可以这样：“咦，我认为他知道自己在做什么！”
9. 哈哈，我希望你懂得我有多在乎你，就像地球懂得要围着太阳转。
像这样：“哈哈，我希望你懂得我有多在乎你！”
10. 唉，我担心他不知道自己错在哪儿，好比迷路的小羊不知道回家的路。
例如：“唉，我担心他不知道自己错在哪儿！”
我的观点结论：含宾语从句的复合句在日常交流中很常见，可以很生动有趣地表达我们的想法和感受呀。
50Crazy English 广东佛山市南海区西樵实验小学 刘少桃含有宾语从句的复合句的结构和类型在小学英语中，我们最常见的句式结构是：I am a primary school student. / Sam doesn’t like fishing. / Is that your pencil sharpener? / Who is singing over there? / Do you like flying kites? / Will Tom come to play table tennis with us this afternoon? / Are you going to visit the Great Wall next month? / Did you meet Mike in London? 这些句子要么是“主语 + 谓语”的形式，要么是“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”的形式，要么是以“主语 + 连系动词 + 表语”的形式。
不管这些句子是肯定句还是否定句，也不管这些句子是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，它们在句子结构上都是很简单的，因此，我们将它们统统称作“简单句”。
但是，我们有时也会看到与以上不一样的句式结构。
例如：在这些句子中，我们不难发现，它们都有两个主语。
例如，在句子“I think that you need to wear more clothes today.”中，“I ”是“think ”的主语，“you ”是“need ”的主语。
我们还可以发现，在这个句子中，由I think that you need to wear more clothes today.Helen says that she will go to see her grandparents tomorrow.Robert wanted to know who would do that work the next week.The teacher hopes that all his students do well in maths.Do you believe that Bill has been to Paris?We don’t know if they’ll come to our town next Saturday.that引导的“you need to wear more clothes today”充当谓语动词“think”的宾语。
英语宾语从句宾语从句（OBJECT CLAUSE）是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
动词+宾语从句例如：Mum doesn't know if/whether he will go to Paris withher.妈妈不知道他是否要参加运动会。
注意：动词词组后面也可跟宾语从句。
例如：makesure确保makeup one's mind下决心keepin mind牢记2.介词+宾语从句例如：He is thinking about what he should bring with him.他正在考虑随身携带什么。
3.形容词+宾语从句例如：Mother is happy that he will go there with her.妈妈很高兴他愿意一起去那里。
这样的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,s urprised等。
基本构成宾语从句的三要素是：语序、连接词和时态。
语序：宾语从句用陈述语序(主谓语序)例如：I wonder when the train will come.我想知道火车什么时候到。
连接词有三种情况：1.that宾语从句为陈述句时，连接词常选择that，有时将that省略。
例如：Mothersays(that)she is ill.妈妈说她病了。
Mothersays(that)she'll be alright in couple of days.妈妈说她过两天就好了。
2.if或whether宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，连接词常选择if或whether。
只用whether的情况：介词的宾语，whether…or not结构中不能用if替换。
例如：Motherdoesn't know if he can help her.妈妈不知道他是否能帮助她。
【宾语从句的复合句】宾语从句的复合句例子宾语从句的复合句概念:复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。
由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。
宾语从句在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：????Iknowtheman.主句引导词从句1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。
一.宾语从句的种类1.由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewi llsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwrit ingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrain islate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)I couldhelphim.注意一下情况只用whether，不用ifwhether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。
如：正：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.误：Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.2.当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。
如：正：Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.误：Ifitistrueornot,Ican’ttell.3.whether可以引导带to的不定式。
如：正：Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.误：Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.4.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。
如：正：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.误：IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethis schoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhaveth emeeting.三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthespo rtsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.Hesaidthathewouldgobacktot heU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.如何改为宾语从句A.三关1.引导词关①陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；②一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；③特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序关①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。
如：Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.注意：有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序1.Whowentthereyesterday?Marywantedtoknow.→Marywantedtoknowwhowentthereyesterday.2.What’sthematterwithth eclock?Hewondered.→Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwiththeclock.3.时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如：Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.B.人称的变化和标点的使用1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。
如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusem yknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumb er？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber.2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。
如：Whowillgiveusatalk？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive？→Doyouknowwherehelives？其他问题A)if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。
因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。
如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）if表示“如果，要是”Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）if表示“是否”B)从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：Shefoundthatthewalletlayontheground.→Shefoundthewalletl ieontheground.Shefoun dthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewa lletlyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelp mewithmymaths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。
如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homework yet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_____________ _hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________a tthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon"tknow.Idon"tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What"shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat________________ ____.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15）WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon"tknow.Idon"tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.变人称语序为陈述语序，标点，时态看看下面的题1).Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellmehow___________onwithhisnewclassmates?2).Whatishedoingthere?Motherdidn"tknow.(改为含有宾语从句的复合句Motherdidn"tknowwhat_____________doingthere.3).You"dbetteraskyourmotherwhetherisitcheapenoughbeforey outryiton.(改错)4)What"shisname?Iaskedhim.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Iaskedhimwhat_____________________.5)Whydidn"thelookhappy?Couldyoutellme?(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellmewhy_____________lookhappy?6)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon"tknow(改为含有宾语从句的复合句)Idon"tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.7)Whosechildrenistheoldwomanlookingafter?Didyoufindout?（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Didyoufindoutwhosechildrentheoldwoman_____________after?8)Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Mysistertoldme.（同上）Mysistertoldme______themoon_______roundtheearth.9)Ithinkitisnotgoingtosnowtomorrow.（改错）10).“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew。
