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英语学习_（6-10）《经济学⼈》中英对照_必备弃我去者，昨⽇之⽇不可留乱我⼼者，今⽇之⽇多烦忧TEXT 6Travelling with baggage背着⾏囊去旅⾏Feb 16th 2006From The Economist print edition（1）FEW modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir ★Wilfred Thesiger[1], who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world”, Sir Wilfred ★slogged across [2] Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing—lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft”living and “★intrusive[3]”women and revered murderous savages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of ★masochistic[4] endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, “Arabian Sands”, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and “The Marsh Arabs”, about southern Iraq, have a ★terse[5] brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the ★cusp[6] of ★oblivion[7], they are unrivalled.现代游记作家鲜有⼈能⽐2003年去世的威福瑞?塞西格爵⼠更令⼈敬畏。
经济学家》读译参考（第10篇）：禽流感——不祥之兆第10篇Feb 23rd 2006From The Economist print editionOminousFOR most of the past three years, the highly pathogenic bird fluk________①as H5N1 has been found mainly in Asia. Suddenly it has arrived in many countries in Europe, triggering widespread alarm. The detection of the virus in wild birds across Europe is certainly a cause for concern, particularly to Europe's poultry farmers▲, wh o are rightfully worried that the presence of the virus in wild birds will increase the risk to their flocks. However, in the m_________②of a European debate about the benefits of vaccinating chickens and whether or not poultry should be brought indoors, there is a danger that far more significant events elsewhere will be ★overlooked[1].In particular, most attention should be f________③on the fact that bird flu is now widespread in the poultry flocks of two nations in Africa—Egypt and Nigeria—and in India. And on the fact that, in Nigeria, the disease is continuing to spread despite great efforts undertaken by the government. An outbreak in Afghanistan also appears to be inevitable.Arguably, these matter much more than the (also inevitable) arrival of the disease in Europe▲. Poor countries with large rural populations are in a far weaker position to handle, and ★stamp out[2], outbreaks of bird flu in poultry, through both ★culling[3] and the prevention of the movement of animals in the surrounding areas. In Africa and India, chickens and ducks are far more likely to be found ★roaming[4] in people's backyards, where they can mingle with humans, other d________④ animals and wildlife, thus spreading the disease. In Europe, by c_______⑤, most poultry are kept in regulated commercial farms.The opening up of a new African front for the bird-flu virus▲ is a problem because eradication there will be tremendously difficult. There is a high risk that the disease will spread to other countries on the continent and it could easily become endemic—as it has in Asia. This offers the virus huge new scope to mutate▲ and become a disease that can pass between humans. The virus is certainly mutating—genetic changes have already affected its biological behaviour, although apparently not yet its transmission between humans. Experts are unsure as to how much, and what kind, of genetic changes would be required for the virus to become a globalhealth threat. N_____⑥ do they know how long this process might take. But to ★dwell o n[5] the increased risk of a pandemic of influenza is to miss a serious point about the direct risks posed by the loss of a large numbers of chickens and ducks across Africa. For some time, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation has been warning that if avian flu gets out of c_______⑦ in Africa, it will have a devastating impact on the livelihoods of millions of people. Poultry is a vital source of protein. For example, it provides almost 50% of the protein in the diet of Egyptians. The spread of a disease that is highly lethal to poultry, and requires culling, could have a ★dire[6] nutritional impact, there as elsewhere▲. Africa would also have to contend with huge economic losses. People who ★scratch out[7] a living in poor African nations simply cannot a_______⑧to lose their chickens. Most of the world's poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture. In Africa, rather a lot of these poor people depend heavily on their poultry. It is easy to see why some believe that bird flu could turn out to be primarily a development—rather than just a health—issue for the whole African continent.No game of chickenWhat can be done? It is clear that the movement and trade of poultry is making a big contribution to the spread of the virus. That trade needs tighter regulation, as does the movement of live birds from countries with H5N1 infections. In such places trade should be suspended u_______⑨ flocks have been cleaned up.In addition, Nigeria and surrounding countries need seriouspublic-education campaigns about the danger of contact with dead birds. When outbreaks o______⑩, governments should immediately offer realistic compensation to farmers for birds lost to disease and culling▲. Without this, poor farmers will be tempted to hide bird-flu outbreaks and continue to sell poultry that should be culled. Farming practices that mix poultry species in farms or live animal markets are a danger too, and must be addressed—although that might take longer. The effort would be helped if those in the poultry industry and governments in poultry-exporting nations would stop simply pointing to the risks posed by wild birds and start paying more attention to the movement of animals, products and people from infected to un-infected regions and countries.Unusually for a complex probl em with international ★ramifications[8], money is available to make a serious attempt at tackling it▲—$1.9 billion was pledged by the world's wealthier nations last month in Beijing. There is no excuse for delay, unless we want more dead people to followlots more dead ducks.☆★注释☆★[1]overlook vt.(1)俯瞰，俯视The house on the hill overlooks the village.从小山上的房子可以俯视村庄。
Finance and EconomicsOffshore private banking离岸私人银行业Bourne to survive伯恩的幸存Aug 6th 2009From The Economist print editionDespite the woes of UBS, Swiss private banking remains in reasonable shape尽管瑞银处境不佳，瑞士的私人银行业仍保有相当规模Illustration by S. KambayashiA FTER visiting his bank in Zurich, Jason Bourne, an amnesic assassin, wonders: “Who has a safety-deposit box full of money and six passports and a gun?” In the popular imagination as well as Hollywood films the answer is clear: customers of Swiss banks do.当失忆的杀手詹森•伯恩(Jason Bourne)从其位于苏黎世的银行走出后，自问到：”什么样的人会有一个装满了钱、6本护照还有一把枪的银行保险箱？”在大众的想像与好莱坞的电影中，这个答案是明确的：瑞士银行的客户就是这样的人。
If this reputation for skulduggery is right, Switzerland, home to about one-quarter of the world’s offshore money, is in big trouble. After nearly going bust, UBS, its biggest bank, is now being pistol-whipped by America’s Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which wants it to hand over the names of tens of thousands of alleged tax dodgers. A preliminary settlement between the two was agreed on July 31st, although its details have yet to be made public. In March Switzerland agreed to comply with an OECD tax code that will oblige it to reveal information on clients that other governments say they need to enforce their laws. Where will crooks, despots and war criminals go now? And what will Swiss private banks do when they leave?如果这种隐秘而无原则的名声不是空穴来风的话，瑞士，这个坐拥世界四分之一离岸资金的国家将会有大麻烦。
Like pearls falling into a jade plate大珠小珠落玉盘WHEN Wu Man arrived in New Haven1, Connecticut, from Beijing in 1990 she spoke no English and ★gambled on[1] surviving with the help of her pipa, a traditional lute-like Chinese instrument. She has succeeded (A) （triumph）,working her way from New York's Chinatown to Carnegie Hall2, where she gives her debut recital on April 6th.The pipa is a sonorous, four-stringed, pear-shaped instrument held upright on the lap. Its strings used to be silk but are now steel, which resonates better. The fake fingernails on Ms Wu's right hand ★pluck[2] the strings, while her left hand fingers the ★frets[3]. （1）She produces an (B) (astonish) range of colours and moods from a 2,000-year-old instrument which produces a sound, observed a poet from the Tang dynasty, like “pearls falling into a jade plate”.Ms Wu is a ★virtuoso[4] interpreter of traditional music, creating (C) （haunt）exotic waves of sound with ★pi zzicatos and tremolos[5] (the plucking of one string with all five fingers consecutively). But (D) （evoke） of dropping pearls soon fade to Jimi Hendrix3. During her time in America, （2）Ms Wu has daringly expanded the pipa's range, playing jazz, bluegrass4 and Bollywood5 with eclectic instrumentalists—and inspiring (E) (number) works from prominent composers.The pipa can sound gently lyrical or(F) （aggress） modern, which is why, says Ms Wu, it attracts such composers as Terry Riley, Philip Glass, Tan Dun and Bright Sheng, all of whom have written for her. She was the first to partner the pipa with an endongo (an eight-stringed Ugandan instrument), an Appalachian banjo and a string quartet6. She was also, she says, the first to play jazz on the pipa.All this happened after she arrived in America. Young Chinese musicians are now ubiquitous in American and European conservatories, competitions and concert halls, but during China's cultural revolution the performance of Western music was greatly restricted. Traditional instruments, however, were(G) （courage）,and Ms Wu, born in 1964 in Hangzhou, began studying the pipa when she was nine.She entered the Beijing Central Conservatory of Music (where she heard Western music for the first time) and became the first (H) （receive）of a masters degree in the pipa. She was awarded a ★tenured[6] faculty position. But her curiosity about the West proved (I) （resist）. Colleagues who had emigrated to the United States warned her that there was no interest in Chinese traditional music, （3）but, undaunted, she packed seven instruments (including pipas, a zither and a dulcimer) and set off.During the first two difficult years she learnt English and cried a lot. She joined other Chinese musicians and began performing in New York's Chinatown,(J) （rehearse） in the basement of a dry-cleaner. （4）American musicians would approach her after concerts,(K) （fascination）.David Harrington of the Kronos Quartet said that the first time he heard her play was like the first time he heard Jascha Heifetz, a master violinist.Mr Harrington chose her to perform in the quartet's recent Bollywood-(L) （inspiration） recording because he wanted one person to create many different sounds. （5）Ms Wu, with her “large sonic vocabulary”, was uniquely qualified. She also attracted the attention of Yo Yo Ma, a cellist with whom she now frequently performs as a member of his Silk Road★Ensemble[7].Pipa players and audiences in China are also becoming more open minded; she caused(M) （exciting） when she performed in Beijing with the Kronos Quartet ten years ago. “That's my hope,” she says, “that （6）the next generation know there is another way for traditional instruments to survive.”[QUIZ]1. 用文中空白后括号内单词的适当（相关）形式填空（可以是动词、形容词及副词，注意时态、语态、比较级乃至派生词等），每空只填一词：如：WHEN Wu Man ________(arrival) in New Haven, Connecticut, from Beijing in 1990 she spoke no English.此空白处应填arrived.（欢迎就出题方式提出您的宝贵意见）2. 将文中划线部分翻译成英语：[NOTES](LONGMAN)[1]gamble v.以……为赌注，孤注一掷to do something that involves a lot of risk, and that will not succeed unless things happen the way you would like them togamble onThey're gambling on Johnson being fit for Saturday's game.gamble something on somethingPotter gambled everything on his new play being a hit.[2]pluck v.弹拨to pull the strings of a musical instrumentpluck atSomeone was plucking at the strings of an old guitar.[3]fret n.音品；安在某些弦乐器如吉他弹拨处的一个或多个隆起物one of the raised lines on the fretboard of a guitar etc[4] virtuoso plural virtuososn. 技术超群的表演者（尤指音乐）someone who is a very skilful performer, especially in music:violin virtuoso Stephane Grappelli—virtuoso adjective [only before noun]a virtuoso performancea virtuoso pianist[5] pizzicatos and tremolos拨奏曲和颤音[6]tenure[UC]享有终身教授的权利 the right to stay permanently in a teaching job: It's becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic tenure. —tenured adjective:a tenured professora tenured position[7]ensemble <法>全体, [音]合唱曲, 全体演出者[TIPS & BACKGROUND]1. 纽黑文（New Haven）：美国康涅狄格州（Connecticut）南部城市，临长岛海湾，对外贸易港口。
三一文库（）〔经济学人中英文版〕*篇一：2014完整版《经济学人》英文原版经济学人完整整理版DigestOfThe.Economist.2006(8-9)ThemismeasureofwomanMenandwomenthinkdifferently.ButnotthatdifferentlyINTHE1970stherewasafadforgivingdollstobabyboysandfi re-enginestobabygirls.Theideawasthatdifferencesinbe haviourbetweenthesexesweresolelytheresultofupbringi ng:cultureturnedwomenintoironers,knittersandchatter boxes,andmenintohammerers,drillersandsilenttypes.Sw itchingtoyswouldputanendtosexualsorting.Today,itisc learwhyitdidnot.Whenboysandgirlsareborn,theyarealre adydifferent,andtheyfavourdifferenttoysfromthebegin ning.Thatboysandgirls—andmenandwomen—areprogrammedbyevolutiontobehavedifferentlyfromonea notherisnowwidelyaccepted.Surely,noonetodaywouldthi nkofdoingwhatJohnMoney,ofJohnsHopkinsUniversity,did in1967:amputatingthegenitaliaofaboywhohadsufferedabotchedc ircumcision,andadvisingtheparentstobringhimupasagir l.Theexperimentdidntwork,andtheconsequencesweretrag ic.Butwhichofthedifferencesbetweenthesexesare “biological”,inthesensethattheyhavebeenhonedbyevo lution,andwhichare“cultural”or“environmental”andmightmoreeasilybealteredbychangedcircumstances,i sstillfiercelydebated.Thesensitivityofthequestionwasshownlastyearbyafuror rrySummers,thenHarvardspresident,causedastormwhenhesuggestedthatinnateabil itycouldbeanimportantreasonwhythereweresofewwomenin thetoppositionsinmathematics,engineeringandthephysi calsciences.Evenasapropositionfordiscussion,thisisunacceptablet osome.Butbiologicalexplanationsofhumanbehaviourarem akingacomebackasthegenerationofacademicsthatfearedt hemasacovertwayofjustifyingeugenics,orofthwartingMa rxistutopianism,isretiring.Thesuccessofneo-Darwinis mhasprovidedanintellectualunderpinningfordiscussion aboutwhysomedifferencesbetweenthesexesmightbeinnate .Andnewscanningtechniqueshaveenabledresearcherstoex aminethebrainsinteriorwhileitisworking,showingthatm aleandfemalebrainsdo,atonelevel,operatedifferently. Theresults,however,donotalwayssupportpastclichésaboutwhatthedifferencesinquestionactuallyare.Differencesinbehaviourbetweenthesexesmust,insomeway ,bereflectionsofsystematicdifferencesbetweenthebrai nsofmalesandfemales.Suchdifferencescertainlyexist,b utdrawinginferencesfromthemisnotaseasyasitmayappear.Forastart,mensbrainsareabout9%largerthanthoseofwome n.Thatusedtobecitedasevidenceofmenssupposedlygreate rintelligence.Actually,thedifferenceislargely(andprobablycompletely)explainedbythefactthatmenarebigger thanwomen.Inrecentyears,moredetailedexaminationhasr efinedthepicture.Femalebrainshaveahigherpercentageo fgreymatter(themanifestation,enbloc,ofthecentralbod iesofnervecells),andthusalowerpercentageofwhitematt er(themanifestationofthelong,thinfilamentsthatconne ctnervecellstogether),thanmalebrains.That,plusthefa ctthatinsomeregionsofthefemalebrain,nervecellsarepa ckedmoredenselythaninmen,meansthatthenumberofnervec ellsinmaleandfemalebrainsmaybesimilar.Oddly,though,themainconnectionbetweenthetwohemisphe resofthebrain,whichisknownasthecorpuscallosumandism adeofwhitematter,isproportionatelysmallerinmenthanw omen.Thismayexplainwhymenuseonlyonesideofthebrainto processsomeproblemsforwhichwomenemploybothsides.Thesedifferencesinstructureandwiringdonotappeartoha veanyinfluenceonintelligenceasmeasuredbyIQtests.Itd oes,however,seemthatthesexescarryoutthesetestsindif ferentways.Inoneexample,wheremenandwomenperformequa llywellinatestthatasksthemtoworkoutwhethernonsensewordsrhyme,brainscanningshowsthatwomenuseareasonboth therightandtheleftsidesofthebraintoaccomplishthetas k.Men,bycontrast,useonlyareasontheleftside.Thereisa lsoacorrelationbetweenmathematicalreasoningandtempo ral-lobeactivityinmen—butnoneinwomen.Moregenerally,menseemtorelymoreonthe irgreymatterfortheirIQ,whereaswomenrelymoreontheirw hitematter.AmericanexceptionalismTheworldsbiggestinsurancemarketistoosplinteredKANSASCITY,Missouri,isknownmoreforitshistoricalrole asacattletownthanasafinancialhub.Butitistothismidwe sterncity,Americas26thlargest,thatregulatorsandinsu ranceexecutivesfromaroundtheglobeheadwhentheywantto makesenseoftheworldslargest—andoneofitsweirdest—insurancemarkets.ForitisinKansasCitythattheNationalAssociationofInsu ranceCommissioners(NAIC)ishoused.Itoverseesamarketaccountingforone-thirdofpremiumswrittenworldwide.OutsideKansasCity,themarketbecomesaregulatoryfree-for -all.EachofAmericas50states,plustheDistrictofColomb ia,governsitsinsuranceindustryinitsownway.Inanincreasinglyglobalinsurancemarket,Americasstate -basedsystemiscomingunderstrongpressuretoreform.Ins urancehaschangeddramaticallysincetheNAICwassetupin1 871,withgrowingsophisticationinunderwritingandriskm anagement.PremiumsinAmericahaveballoonedto$1.1trill ionandmarketpowerisincreasinglyconcentratedinthehan dsofbigplayers(someofthemforeign-owned)thatarepushi ngforanoverhaulofthestate-basedsystem.“ItsanextremelyexpensiveandByzantineprocess,”saysBobHartwig,aneconomistwiththeInsuranceInformati onInstitute,aresearchgroup.Thoughafiercelypoliticalissue,congressionalsupportf orsimplifyingthesystemisgainingground.BothhousesofC ongressarelookingatproposalstochangethestate-baseds ystem.Biginsurersfavouraversionthatwouldimplementan optionalfederalcharterallowingthemtobypassthestate-bystateregulatoryprocessiftheychoose.Asimilarsystemalreadyexistsforbanks.Proponentsofthechangesseemoreefficiency,anabilityto rolloutproductsmorequicklynationallyand,ultimately, betterofferingsforconsumersasaresult.Yetsomeconsume rgroupsfavourstate-basedregulation.Theybelieveitkee pspremiumslowerthantheyotherwisewouldbe.Premiumsasa percentageofgrossoutputarelowerinAmericathaninsever alothercountries.Thepoliticalheadwindsarestrong:insurancecommissione rsareelectedofficialsinsomestates(California,forins tance)andappointedbythegovernorinothers.Theindustry isalsosplit:mostofthecountrys4,500insurersaresmall, andmanyofthemhaveclosetieswithstate-basedregulators ,whosesurvivaltheysupport.Buteventheseforcesmayeven tuallybeovercome.ElsewhereintheindustryinAmerica,thereareothercallsf orreform.Inabackdoorformofprotectionism,Americanreinsurancefirmshavelongbenefitedfromaregulationthatrequiresforeignreinsurerswritingcross-borderbusine ssintoAmericatopostmorecollateralthantheydo.“IfyouoperateoutsidethebordersoftheUS,theydonttrus tyouoneinch,”lamentsJulianJames,headofinternationalbusinessatLlo ydsofLondon,whichwrites38%ofitsbusinessinAmerica.Thecollateralrequirementwasestablishedbecauseofworr iesaboutregulatorystandardsabroad,andthefinancialst rengthofglobalreinsurers.Todayregulatorystandardsha vebeentightenedinmanyforeignmarkets.AmajorityofAmer icasreinsurancecovernowcomesfromfirmsbasedabroad,in cludingmanythathavesetupoffshoreinBermuda(fortaxrea sons)primarilytoserveAmerica.ToohottohandleDellsbatteryrecallrevealsthetechnologyindustrysvuln erabilitiesTHEREisthenailtest,inwhichateamofengineersdrivesala rgemetalnailthroughabatterycelltoseeifitexplodes.In anothertrial,laboratorytechniciansbakethebatteriesinanoventosimulatetheeffectsofadigitaldeviceleftinac losedcaronaswelteringday—tocheckthereactionofthechemicalsinside.Onproduction runs,randombatchesofbatteriesaretestedfortemperatur e,efficiency,energydensityandoutput.Buttherigorousprocessesthatgointomakingsophisticate d,rechargeablebatteries—theheartofbillionsofelectronicgadgetsaroundtheworld —werenotenough.OnAugust14thDell,acomputercompany,sai ditwouldreplace4.1mlithium-ionbatteriesmadebySony,a consumer-electronicsfirm,inlaptopcomputerssoldbetwe en2004andlastmonth.Ahandfulofcustomershadreportedth ebatteriesoverheating,catchingfireandevenexploding —includingonecelebratedcaseataconferencethisyearinJa pan,whichwascapturedonfilmandpassedaroundtheinterne t.Thecosttothetwocompaniesisexpectedtobebetween$200 mand$400m.Insomeways,Dellisavictimofitssuccess.Thecompanywasapioneerinturningthepersonalcomputerintoacommodity,w hichmeantsqueezingsupplierstothelastpenny,usingecon omiesofscalebyplacinghugeorders,andrunningefficient supplychainswithlittleroomforerror.Itallcreatedavol atileenvironmentinwhichmistakescanhavegraveeffects.Sincelithium-ionbatterieswereintroducedin1991,their capacitytooverheatandburstintoflamehasbeenwellknown .Indeed,in2004Americabannedthemascargoonpassengerpl anes,asafirehazard.Butthelatestproblemsseemtohavear isenbecauseofthemanufacturingprocess,whichdemandspe rfection.“Ifthereisevenanano-sizedparticleofdust,asmallmeta lshardorwatercondensationthatgetsintothebatterycell ,itcanoverheatandexplode,”saysSaraBradfordofFrostSullivan,aconsultancy.Asthee nergyneedsofdeviceshavegrownrapidly,sohavethedemand sonbatteries.Thecomputingindustryscultureisalsopartlytoblame.Fir mshavelongtriedtoshipproductsasfastastheypossiblyca n,andtheymayhavesetlessstorebyquality.Theyusedtomockthetelecomsindustrysethosof“five-nines”—99.999% reliability—becauseitmeantlongproductcycles.Butnowtheyaregradua llyacceptingitasabenchmark.ThatispartlywhyMicrosoft hastakensolongtoperfectitsnewoperatingsystem,Window sVista.Comparedwithotherproductcrises,fromcontaminatedCoca -Colain1999toFirestonesfaultytyresin2000,Dellcanbecomplimentedforquicklytakingchargeofahotsituation.T hefirmsaystherewereonlysixincidentsoflaptopsoverhea tinginAmericasinceDecember2005—buttheinternetcreatedaconflagration.KeepingthefaithMixingreligionanddevelopmentraisessoul-searchingque stionsWORLDBankprojectsareusuallyfreeofwordslike “faith”and“soul.”Mostofitsmissionsspeakthejargonofdevelopment:povert yreduction,aggregategrowthandstructuraladjustments.Butasmallunitwithinthebankhasbeencurryingfavourwith religiousgroups,workingtoeasetheirsuspicionsanduset heirinfluencetofurtherthebanksgoals.Inmanydevelopin gcountries,suchgroupshavethebestaccesstothepeopleth ebankistryingtohelp.Theprogrammehasexistedforeighty ears,butthisbrainchildofthebankspreviouspresident,J amesWolfensohn,hasspentthepastyearlargelyinlimboash issuccessor,PaulWolfowitz,decidesitsfuture.Now,some religiousleadersinthedevelopingworldareworriedthatt heprogresstheyhavemadewiththebankmaystall.Thatprogresshasnotalwaysbeeneasy.Theprogramme,named theDevelopmentDialogueonValuesandEthics,facedcontro versyfromthestart.Justasreligiousgroupshavestruggle dtoworkwiththebank,manypeopleontheinsidedoubtedifth ebankshouldbedelvingintothedivine.Criticsarguedthat religioncouldbedivisiveandpolitical.Somesaidreligio nclasheswiththeseculargoalsofmodernisation.Althoughthebankdoesnotlenddirectlytoreligiousgroups ,itworkswiththemtoprovidehealth,educationalandother benefits,andreceivesdirectinputfromthoseonthegroundinpoorcountries.KatherineMarshall,directorofthebank sfaithunit,arguesthatsuchgroupsareinanidealposition toeducatepeople,moveresourcesandkeepaneyeoncorrupti on.Theyareorganiseddistributionsystemsinotherwisech aoticplaces.Theprogrammehashadsuccessgettingevangel icalgroupstofightmalariainMozambique,improvemicrocreditandwaterdistr ibutioninIndia,andeducatepeopleaboutAIDSinAfrica.“Westartedfromverydifferentviewpoints.TheWorldBank islookingatthesurvivalofacountry,welookatthesurviva lofapatient,”saysLeonardoPalombi,oftheCommunityofSantEgidio,anIt alianchurchgroupthatworksinAfrica.Althoughtheworkcontinues,thoseinvolvedinMrWolfensoh nsformerpetprojectnowfretoveritsfuture.Someexpectth efaithunittobetransferredtoanindependentorganisatio nalsosetupbyMrWolfensohn,theWorldFaithsDevelopmentD ialogue,whichwillstillmaintainalinkwiththebank.Reli giousgroupsarehopingtheirvoiceswillstillbeheard.“Ifwearegoingtomakeprogress,faithinstitutionsneedtobeinvolved.Webelievereligionhastheabilitytobringst ability.Itwillbeimportantforthebanktofollowthrough,”saysAgnesAbuom,oftheWorldCouncilofChurchesforAfrica,basedinKenya.Likereligiousgroups,largeinstitutionssuchasthebankc anresistchange.Economistsanddevelopmentexpertsaresometimesslowtobelieveinnewideas.Onepositiveby-prod uctoftheinitiativeisthatreligiousgroupsoncewaryofth ebanksintentionsarelesssuspicious.Ultimately,aslong asbotheconomistsandevangelistsaimtohelpthepoorattai nabetterlifeonearth,differencesinopinionaboutthelif ehereafterdonotmattermuch.StandanddeliverForthefirsttimesincetheepidemicbegan,moneytofightAI DSisinplentifulsupply.ItisnowtimetoconvertwordsintoactionKEVINDECOCK,theWorldHealthOrganisationsAIDSsupremo, isnotamantomincehiswords.HereckonsthatheandhiscolleaguesintheglobalAIDSestablishmenthavebetweenfiveand sevenyearstomakearealdentintheproblem.Iftheyfail,th eworldsattentionspanwillbeexhausted,charitabledonor sandgovernmentswillturntoothermattersandAIDSwillberelegatedinthepublicconsciousnesstobeingyetanotheri ntractableproblemofthepoorworldaboutwhichlittleorno thingcanbedone.Fornow,though,themoneyisflowing.About$8.9billionise xpectedtobeavailablethisyear.And,regardlessofDrDeCo ckslong-termworries,thatsumshouldriseoverthenextfew years.Notsurprisingly,alotofpeopleareeagertospendit.Manyofthosepeople—some24,000ofthem—havebeenmeetinginTorontoatthe16thInternationalAIDSC onference.AnAIDSconferenceisunlikeanyotherscientifi cmeeting.Inpart,itisajamboreeinwhichpeopletrytoout-doeachotherindisplaysofculturalinclusiveness:themus icofsixcontinentsresonatesaroundtheconventioncentre .Inpart,itisalightningconductorthatallowsAIDSactivi ststomaketheirdiscontentknowntotheworldinaseriesofs emi-officialprotests.Itisalsowhatotherscientificmeetingsare,aforumforthepresentationofpap erswithtitlessuchas “DifferinglymphocytecytokineresponsesinHIVandLeish maniaco-infection”.Butmostly,itisagiantcouncilofwa r.Andatthisone,thegeneralsaretryingtoimposeacomplet echangeofmilitarystrategy.WhenAIDSwasdiscovered,therewasnotreatment.Existinga nti-viraldrugsweretriedbutatbesttheydelayedtheinevi table,andatworsttheyfailedcompletely.Prevention,then,wasn otmerelybetterthancure,itwastheonlythingtotalkabout .Condomsweredistributed.Posterswerepostedexhortingt headvantagesofsafesex.Televisionadvertswererunthats howedtheconsequencesofcarelessness.Tenyearsago,though,anewclassofdrugsknownasproteasei nhibitorswasdeveloped.Incombinationwithsomeoftheold erdrugs,theyproducedwhatisnowknownashighlyactiveanti-retroviraltherapyorHAART.Inmostcases,HAARTcanprol onglifeindefinitely.Thatcompletelychangedthepicture.OncetheAIDSactivist shadtreatedthemselves,theybegantolobbyforthepoorwor ldtobetreated,too.And,withmuchfoot-dragging,thatisn owhappening.About1.6mpeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomeco untries,1moftheminsub-SaharanAfrica,arenowreceiving anti-AIDSdrugsroutinely.Theintention,announcedatlas tyearsG8meetinginScotland,isthatthedrugsshouldbeava ilableby2010toallwhowouldbenefitfromthem.However,thoseondrugsremaininfectedandrequiretreatme ntindefinitely.Tostoptheepidemicrequiresare-emphasi sofprevention,anditisthatwhichtheorganisershavebeen tryingtodo.Man,deconstructedTheDNAthatmayhavedriventheevolutionofthehumanbrainONEofthebenefitsofknowingthecompletegeneticsequence sofhumansandotheranimalsisthatitbecomespossibletocomparetheseblueprints.Youcanthenworkoutwhatseparates manfrombeast—geneticallyspeaking,atleast.Thehumanbrainsetsmanapart.About2myearsagoitbegantog rowinsize,andtodayitisaboutthreetimeslargerthanthat ofchimpanzees,mansclosestrelative.Humanintelligence andbehaviouralcomplexityhavefaroutstrippedthoseofit ssimiancousins,sothehumanbrainseemstohavegotmorecom plex,aswellasbigger.Yetnostudyhaspinpointedthegenet icchangesthatcausethesedifferencesbetweenmanandchim p.Nowagroupofscientistsbelievetheyhavelocatedsomeinte restingstretchesofDNAthatmayhavebeencrucialintheevo lutionofthehumanbrain.AteamledbyDavidHaussleroftheH owardHughesMedicalInstituteinCalifornia,comparedthe humangenomewiththatofmammalsincludingotherprimates. TheyreportedtheresultsinNature.Theresearcherslookedatthenon-humangenomesfirst,seek ingregionsthathadnotchangedmuchthroughoutevolutiona ryhistory.Regionsthatareuntouchedbynormalrandomchangestypicallyareimportantones,andthusareconservedbye volution.Nexttheresearchersfoundtheequivalentregion sinthehumangenometoseeifanywereverydifferentbetween humansandchimps.Suchasuddenchangeisahallmarkofafunc tionalevolutionaryshift.Theyfound49regionstheydubbed “humanacceleratedregions”(HARs)thathaveshownarapid,recentevolution.Mostofthe seregionsarenotgenesascommonlyunderstood.Thisisbeca usetheycodeforsomethingotherthantheproteinsthataree xpressedinhumancellsandthatregulatebiologicalproces ses.AnumberoftheHARsareportionsofDNAthatareresponsi bleforturninggenesonandoff.Intriguingly,themostrapidlychangingregionwasHAR1,wh ichhasaccumulated18geneticchangeswhenonlyonewouldbe expectedtooccurbychance.ItcodesforabitofRNA(amolecu lethatusuallyactsasatemplatefortranslatingDNAintopr otein)that,itisspeculated,hassomedirectfunctioninne uronaldevelopment.HAR1isexpressedbeforebirthinthedevelopingneocortex—theouterlayerofthebrainthatseemstobeinvolvedinhighe rfunctionssuchaslanguage,consciousthoughtandsensory perception.HAR1isexpressedincellsthatarethoughttoha veavitalroleindirectingmigratingnervecellsinthedeve lopingbrain.Thishappensatsevento19weeksofgestation, acrucialtimewhenmanyofthenervecellsareestablishingt heirfunctions.Withoutmoreresearch,thefunctionofHAR1remainsmerespe culation.Butanintriguingfacetofthisworkisthat,until now,mostresearchershadfocusedtheirhuntfordifference sontheprotein-codingstretchesofthegenome.Thatsuchad iscoveryhasbeenmadeinwhatwasregardedasthelessintere stingpartsofthehumangenomeisapresageofwhereexciting genomicfindsmaylieinthefuture.KeepingitrealHowtomakedigitalphotographymoretrustworthyPHOTOGRAPHYoftenblursthedistinctionbetweenartandrea lity.Moderntechnologyhasmadethatblurringeasier.Inth edigitaldarkroomphotographerscanmanipulateimagesandthreatentheintegrityofendeavoursthatrelyonthem.Seve raljournalistshavebeenfiredforsuchactivityinrecentmont hs,includingonefromReutersforfakingpicturesinLebano n.Earlierthisyear,theinvestigationintoHwangWoo-suks howedtheSouthKoreanscientisthadchangedimagespurport ingtoshowcloning.Inanefforttoreelinphotography,camera-makers aremakingitmoreobviouswhenimageshavebeenaltered.Onewayofdoingthisistouseimage-authenticationsystems torevealifsomeonehastamperedwithapicture.Theseusecomputerprogramstogenerateacodefromtheverydatathatc omprisetheimage.Asthepictureiscaptured,thecodeisatt achedtoit.Whentheimageisviewed,softwaredeterminesth ecodefortheimageandcomparesitwiththeattachedcode.If theimagehasbeenaltered,thecodeswillnotmatch,reveali ngthedoctoring.Anotherwayfavouredbymanufacturersistotakeapieceofda tafromtheimageandassignitasecretcode.Oncetheimagefi leistransferredtoacomputer,itisgiventhesamecode,whi chwillchangeifitisedited.Thecodeswillmatchiftheimag eisauthenticbutwillbeinconsistentiftamperingoccurre d.ThealgorithmistheweaponofchoiceforHanyFarid,acomput erscientistatDartmouthCollegeinNewHampshire.Digital imageshavenaturalstatisticalpatternsintheintensitya ndtextureoftheirpixels.Thesepatternschangewhenthepi ctureismanipulated.DrFaridsalgorithmsdetectthesecha nges,andcantellifpixelshavebeenduplicatedorremoved. Theyalsotrytodetectifnoise—theoverexposedpixelswithintheimagethatcreateagrainy effect—waspresentatthetimethephotographwastakenorhasbeenad dedlater.However,forgershavebecomeadeptatprintingandrescanni ngimages,thuscreatinganeworiginal.Insuchcases,analy singhowthree-dimensionalelementsinteractiskey.Longshadowsatmiddayareagiveaway.Eventhetinyreflectionsin thecentreofapersonspupiltellyouaboutthesurroundingl ightsource.SoDrFaridanalysesshadowsandlightingtosee ifsubjectsandsurroundingsareconsistent.Foritspart,Adobe,themakerofPhotoshopsoftware,hasimp roveditsabilitytorecordthechangesmadetoanimagebylog ginghowandwheneachtoolorfilterwasused.Photoshopwast heprogramusedbythejournalistfiredbyReuters;hishandiworkleftapatterninthesmokehehadaddedthatwasspo ttedbybloggers.Thusfartheinternethasprovenaneffecti vecheckondigitalforgery.Althoughitallowspotentially fakeimagestobedisseminatedwidely,italsocastsmanymor ecriticaleyesuponthem.Sometimesthebestscrutinyissim plymorepeoplelooking.CollateraldamageWhythewarinIraqissurprisinglybadnewsforAmericasdefe ncefirmsWHENBoeingannouncedonAugust18ththatitplannedtoshutdownproductionoftheC-17,ahugemilitarycargoplane,then ewssentashiverthroughtheAmericandefenceindustry.Asi twindsdownitsproductionlineatLongBeach,California,o verthenexttwoyears,Boeingwillsoonbegintonotifysuppl iersthattheirserviceswillnolongerbeneeded.Ithadtoca llahalt,becauseordersfromAmericasDefenceDepartmenth addriedupandatrickleofexportdealscouldnottaketheirp lace.Thecompanywouldnotsupportthecostofrunningthepr oductionlinefortheC-17(onceoneofitsbiggest-sellinga ircraft)ontheoff-chancethatthePentagonmightchangeit smindandplacefurtherorders.Thewiderworryforthedefenceindustryisthatthiscouldbe thefirstofmanybigprogrammestobeshutdown.Abigpartoft heproblemisthatAmericaisatwar.Theneedtofindanextra$ 100billionayeartopayforoperationsinIraqmeansthereis pressuretomakecutsinthedefencebudget,whichhasbeenpr ovisionallysetat$441billionforthefiscalyearbeginnin ginOctober.Americandefencebudgetsinvolveacomplicate ddancestartingwithwhatthePentagonwants,whattheWhite Housethinksitshouldgetand,finally,whatCongressallow sittogetawaywith.Althoughthearmedforcesextraspendin。
从太空采集太阳能Solar power from space,Beam it down 从太空采集太阳能,传送电力到地球吧Harvesting solar power in space, for use on Earth, comes a step closer to reality将太空收获的太阳电能在地球上利用，这种理想又向现实迈出了一大步。
THE idea of collecting solar energy in space and beaming it to Earth has been around for at least 70 years. In "Reason", a short story by Isaac Asimov that was published in 1941, a space station transmits energy collected from the sun to various planets using microwave beams.从太空中收集太阳能并将其传送到地球的想法已经存在了至少70年。
艾萨克·阿西莫夫(Isaac Asimov )在1941年出版的短篇小说Reason中曾设想利用微波束将空间站收集到的太阳能传送到各类行星上。
The advantage of intercepting sunlight in space, instead of letting it find its own way through the atmosphere, is that so much gets absorbed by the air. By converting it to the right frequency first (one of the so-called windows in the atmosphere, in which little energy is absorbed) a space-based collector could, enthusiasts claim, yield on average five times as much power as one located on the ground.从太空直接截获太阳光而不任由它们穿过大气层的优点是大部分光能量不会被大气吸收。
经济学人科技类文章中英双语（5篇范例）第一篇：经济学人科技类文章中英双语The Brain Activity Map绘制大脑活动地图Hard cell 棘手的细胞An ambitious project to map the brain is in the works.Possibly too ambitious 一个绘制大脑活动地图的宏伟计划正在准备当中，或许有些太宏伟了 NEWS of what protagonists hope will be America’s next big science project continues to dribble out.有关其发起人心中下一个科学大工程的新闻报道层出不穷。
A leak to the New York Times, published on February 17th, let the cat out of the bag, with a report that Barack Obama’s administration is thinking of sponsoring what will be known as the Brain Activity Map.2月17日，《纽约时报》刊登的一位线人报告终于泄露了秘密，报告称奥巴马政府正在考虑赞助将被称为“大脑活动地图”的计划。
And on March 7th several of those protagonists published a manifesto for the project in Science.3月7日，部分发起人在《科学》杂志上发表声明证实了这一计划。
The purpose of BAM is to change the scale at which the brain is understood.“大脑活动地图”计划的目标是改变人们在认知大脑时采用的度量方法。
经济类英语文章双语经济类英语文章双语：Title: The Impact of Technology on the Global EconomyIn today's interconnected world, technology plays a pivotal role in shaping the global economy. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, from the internet to robotics, technology is revolutionizing the way businesses operate, people interact, and nations compete.The rapid pace of technological innovation has had a profound impact on production processes, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. Automation and robotics have taken over repetitive and labor-intensive tasks, freeing up humans to focus on more complex, creative work. This shift has led to a transformation in the labor market, with demand for high-skilled workers increasing while demand for low-skilled workers decreases.Technology has also reshaped the global trade landscape. The rise of e-commerce and digital platforms has made it easier for small and medium-sized enterprises to access global markets, leveling the playing field for businesses across the world. Furthermore, advanced logistics and supply chain management technologies have optimized the movement of goods, leading to faster delivery times and lower transportation costs.On the macroeconomic level, technology has had an inflationary effect, as increased production efficiency and product quality have driven up prices. However, the overall impact on inflation is complex, as technology has also led to increased competition and more efficient resource allocation, keeping prices relatively stable.Countries that are able to adapt to these technological changes and leverage them for economic growth will be well positioned in the global economy. Investing in education and skills development, fostering a culture of innovation, and creating an enabling environment for technology start-ups are critical steps towards building a resilient and competitive economy.In conclusion, technology is driving the global economy towards a new frontier of growth, efficiency, and interconnectedness. Understanding its impact and harnessing its potential will be essential for nations seeking to prosper in the 21st century.。
Europe's debt crisis欧洲债务危机Spot the pattern看变化模式Jul 5th 2011, 18:55 by R.A. | WASHINGTON2011年7月5日18：55 R.A./华盛顿HERE'S a chart showing the yields on 10-year Greek debt over the past three months. See the pattern?本图显示的是在过去3个月10年期希腊债券的收益率。
变化模式看清楚了吧？There's a spike, followed by a decline, followed by a higher spike, followed by a decline to a higher trough, and so on. European leaders keep taking steps to avert disaster, and each time markets are less assuaged.有个尖峰，接着是下跌，然后又是稍高一些的尖峰，接着跌入一个较高的波谷，如此反复。
欧洲国家的领导人一直在采取措施避免灾难，而每一次市场都没有大的起色。
The latest spike corresponds to the stalemate over the IMF's willingness to continue making bail-out payments without a new, long-term rescue package in place (and the corresponding disagreement over how to rollover Greek debt, plus the drama surrounding the passage of Greece's new austerity plan). The IMF agreed to keep paying, French and German banks seemed willing to sign on to a rollover plan, and Greece got its new austerity programme through parliament. But it wasn't long before trouble kicked up again.最近的尖峰反映了这样一个困境：国际货币基金组织愿意继续救助，但又没有制定出一个长期的一揽子救助计划（同时也反映出如何缓解希腊债务各方存在分歧，以及希腊的新紧缩计划能否通过依然有变数）。
Lesson 1Science and technology--Table-top astrophysicsHow to build a multiverseSmall models of cosmic phenomena are shedding light on the real thing THE heavens do not lend themselves to poking and prodding. Astronomers there fore have no choice but torely on whatever data the cosmos deigns to throw at them. And they have learnt a lot this way.Thus you can even study chemistry in space that would be impossible in a labora tory. Some astronomers,though, are dissatisfied with being passive observers. Real sci entists, they think, do experiments. It isimpossible—not to mention inadvisable—to g et close enough to a star or a black hole to manipulate itexperimentally. But some thin k it might be possible to make meaningful analogues of such things, and even of theun iverse itself, and experiment on those instead.Ben Murdin of the University of Surrey, for example, has been making white dw arfs. A white dwarf is the stellarequivalent of a shrunken but feisty old-age pensioner. It has run out of fuel and is contracting and cooling as itheads towards oblivion—but t aking its time about it. As they shrink white dwarfs pack a mass up to eight times thes uns into a volume the size of Earth. A consequence of stuffing so much matter into so little space is that whitedwarfs have powerful magnetic fields. Many aspects of a whit e dwarfs mechanics, including how long it will last, arethought to depend on its magn etism. But it is hard to measure.To make estimates, scientists examine the light a white dwarf emits for telltale pa tterns left by stellar ingredientslike hydrogen. They then compare this spectrum with a theory, based on calculations from first principles, of howmagnetic fields effect light emitted by hydrogen. The predictions agree with experiments up to the strongest field smankind can muster—about 1,000 tesla, generated in a thermonuclear detonator.The problem is that the theory puts white dwarfs magnetic fields at 100,000 tesla or more, well beyondhumanitys reach. Dr Murdin built his own little white dwarf to s ee if the theory looked good. It consists of a siliconcrystal sprinkled with phosphorus atoms. A silicon atom has four electrons in its outer shell. In a crystal, all four areused to bind it to neighbouring atoms. Phosphorus has five outer electrons. Insert a phosph orus atom into thesilicon lattice and you are left with an unused electron. Since phosp horus also has one more proton in its nucleusthan silicon does, taken together the extr a particles resemble a hydrogen atom: a single electron tethered to asingle proton. Ho wever, the extra electron is much less tightly held by the extra proton in this pseudo-h ydrogenthan it would be in real hydrogen. This weaker grasp means that it takes much less magnetism to make a givenchange in the pseudo-hydrogens spectrum than it wou ld for real hydrogen.So when Dr Murdin placed the crystal in a 30-tesla magnet at Radboud Universit y in the Netherlands, he wasmimicking the conditions in a 100,000-tesla white dwarf. And the spectrum came out looking just the way thetheory predicted. A black hole in a bath… Creating a star in a laboratory is small beer compared with creating ablack hol e. This is an object that is so massive and dense that not even light can flee its gravitat ional field. Lookinginside one is therefore, by definition, impossible.All the more reason to try, says Silke Weinfurtner of the International School for Advanced Studies, in Trieste,Italy. Dr Weinfurtner plans to make her black hole in the bath. The bath in question, properly called a flume, is awater-filled receptacle 3 metre s by 1.5 metres and 50cm deep, across which carefully crafted trains of ripples canpa ss. In the middle of the tank is a plug hole. If the water going down the hole rotates fa ster than the ripples canpropagate, the ripples which stray beyond the aqueous event h orizon will not make it out. They are sucked downthe drain. Then the researchers will check whether the simulacrum affects water waves in a way analogous to thatwhich g eneral relativity predicts for light—itself a wave—approaching an astrophysical black hole.According to Albert Einsteins theory, a region immediately outside the event hori zon of a rotating black hole willbe dragged round by the rotation. Any wave that enter s this region but does not stray past the event horizonshould be deflected and come ou t with more energy than it carried on the way in. To detect this super-radiantscattering, as the effect is called, Dr Weinfurtner will add fluorescent dye to the water and illumi nate the surfacewaves with lasers. The waves, often no bigger than one millimetre, ca n then be detected using high-definitioncameras.Stefano Liberati, Dr Weinfurtners colleague in Trieste, reserves the greatest enthu siasm for another aspect ofthe experiment. It might, if the researchers are lucky enoug h, offer clues to the nature of space-time. Could thecosmic fabric be made up of discre te chunks, atoms of space if you like, rather than being continuous, as isassumed by re lativity? This problem has perplexed physicists for decades.Many suspect black holes hold the answer, because they are sites where continuo us relativity meets chunkyquantum physics. Waterborne holes serve as a proxy. Water is, after all, made up of just such discrete chunks:molecules of H2O. As wavelengths f all—equivalent to rising energy—waves reach a point where the size ofmolecules ma y begin to influence how they behave. If Dr Weinfurtner and Dr Liberati observe som e strangebehaviour around their event horizons, theorists will be thrilled. And home-b rewed universes Even benchtop blackholes, though, are nothing compared with the a mbitions of Igor Smolyaninov of the University of Maryland.For Dr Smolyaninov wants to create entire universes. The way light travels throu gh the four dimensions ofspace-time is mathematically akin to how it moves through metamaterial. These are substances with featuresmeasured in nanometres, or billionth s of a metre, which let them bend light in unusual ways. For example they canforce lig ht to skirt along the outside of an object, hiding it from view as if behind an invisibilit y cloak. Space-time,too, bends light, in ways that depend on how mass is distributed within it. In principle, then, metamaterials oughtto be able to mimic how light moves not just through the space-time scientists on Earth are familiar with, but alsoother poss ible space-times to which they do not, and never will, have access. Two years ago Dr Smolyaninovsuggested an experiment with various metamaterials, corresponding to u niverses with different properties lashedtogether into a home-brewed multiverse.In a paper to be published in Optics Express, he and his colleagues report that the y have succeeded. Ratherthan fine-tune metamaterial to exact specifications, which is finicky and expensive, the researchers usednanoparticles of cobalt, which are relatively easy to get hold of, and suspended them in kerosene. They thenapplied a magnetic fi eld which, thanks to cobalt's ferromagnetic nature, arranged the particles into thin col umns. Inspace-time terms the length of the columns is time and the two axes perpendi cular to the length represent thethree spatial dimensions in a real universe.To build his multiverse, Dr Smolyaninov added slightly less cobalt to the kerosen e, about 8% by volume, thanwas needed to maintain stable nanocolumns. Natural fluc tuations in the density of the fluid then lead to thespontaneous erection of transient na nocolumns—equivalent to space-times popping up only to fizzle and re-emerge elsew here in the multiverse. They could be detected by their effect on polarised light shone through thematerial. Whether all this ingenuity unravels any cosmic truth is uncertain. Cliff Burgess, a theorist at PerimeterInstitute for Theoretical Physics in Ontario, has h is doubts. But he thinks that such experiments are neverthelessworth pursuing. Like ta p-dancing snakes, he says, the point is not that they do it well, it is that they do it at all 科学技术--桌面上的天体物理学怎样构建多元宇宙微小模型逐步揭开宇宙中各种现象的奥秘苍穹由不得人随意翻弄。
