二轮复习阅读理解训练

大通回族土族自治县2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试语文考生注意：1.本试卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。

3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。

4.本卷命题范围：人教版必修上册。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，17分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一：“开荒南野际，守拙归园田”中“守拙”二字是诗人对自己归于田园生活的状态自述。

何为“守拙”？“此‘拙’乃是相对于世俗之‘机巧’而言，‘守拙’意谓保持自身纯朴之本性（自世俗看来为愚拙），不同流合污。

”（袁行霈）诗人宁愿归隐田园，也不愿违背本性投身于仕途的机巧之中。

除在《归园田居·其一》中提及“守拙”，诗人在其他诗词中也常以“拙”自居。

如《与子俨等疏》：“性刚才拙，与物多忤。

”《感士不遇赋》：“诚谬会以取拙，且欣然而归止。

”《杂诗·其八》：“人皆尽获宜，拙生失其方。

”《咏贫士·其六》：“人事固以拙，聊得长相从。

”可见，诗人对“拙”情有独钟。

“守拙”是远离官场黑暗，追求内心宁静的选择，是人生迷途处的智慧反思。

在《归园田居·其一》中“羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊”一句借用“比兴”的手法生动刻画了诗人入仕的状态。

“羁鸟”指笼子里的鸟，“池鱼”指失去自由的鱼。

借失去自由的“羁鸟”“池鱼”暗喻自己在官场中心志被束缚。

“旧林”“故渊”是“羁鸟”“池鱼”的归宿，暗喻田园才是自己率真本性的归宿。

“鸟”“鱼”的意象在诗人其他诗作中也多常见。

在《感士不遇赋》：“密网裁而鱼骇，宏罗制而鸟惊。

”在《始作镇军参军经曲阿作》：“望云惭高鸟，临水愧游鱼。

阅读理解（社会生活类）06十五、Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Ear th Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understan ding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grass –roots levelB. The business circleC. Government officialsD. University professors7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowestB. They have settled their environmental problemsC. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?A. EducationB. PlanningC. Green livingD. CO reduction【考点】考察社会生活类阅读【文章大意】作者在本文中把现在的美国环境问题和以前的环境问题进行了比较，尤其是几项数据的对比。

整本书阅读练《乡土中国》一、阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一“这棵栽植于道光年间的古树是一棵‘救命树’,保护在树上避难的村民免受洪水侵袭,如今我们将其列为‘乡愁保护点’,有工作人员定期进行检查和维护。

”在雄安新区大王镇大阳村,安新县乡愁保护工作队成员周建斌指着一棵古槐树说道。

雄安新区已经进入大规模开工建设阶段,在如火如荼的建设场面背后,一些承载村民过往记忆的古宅、老树依然挺立,成为雄安新区的“乡愁文化遗产”。

为保护雄安新区的“乡愁文化遗产”,雄安新区在全国没有经验可资借鉴的情况下,率先成立雄安新区“记得住乡愁”专项行动领导小组和工作专班,首创雄安新区“乡愁文化遗产”保护理念。

随着“记得住乡愁”专项行动的开展,雄安新区乡愁家底变得清晰起来。

目前,雄安全域物质类乡愁点总数2 367项,非物质类乡愁遗产总数186项。

“2020年新区征迁村原有88处‘乡愁保护点’,经过我们实地调查,又新增了93处。

”雄安新区管委会公共服务局乡愁专班组长辛公舜说。

据辛公舜介绍,在雄安新区的大规模开工建设中也出现了工程建设和“乡愁保护点”位置冲突的现象,雄安新区乡愁工作专班采取了“一案一政策”的活态保护措施,根据“乡愁文化遗产”价值和规划建设需要,针对每一处“乡愁文化遗产”的特点制定了“特殊”政策,有效保护“乡愁文化遗产”的同时也配合了施工单位的工程进度。

雄安新区未来将利用保存下来的古宅以及古宅构件建设历史街区,利用老物件建设展示新区农耕、渔猎以及民间艺术的博物馆,利用古树打造乡愁林,让未来的新区居民记得住“乡愁”。

除此之外,雄安新区将启动“数字乡愁”影像留存和“数字乡愁云”工作,运用虚拟现实技术、三维展示技术、计算机网络技术、三维实时渲染技术等,构建与现实世界孪生的数字虚拟空间。

通过对雄安新区内的数字乡愁点进行VR(虚拟现实)及视频解说制作,建立“数字乡愁”文化平台,最大限度保留和记录古村落乡愁。

未来,雄安新区将进一步打造相应的雄安历史文化传承基地和展示区域,将传统文化融入雄安城市风貌之中。

高考语文二轮专题复习训练：小说内容理解一、阅读下文，完成下面小题五星红旗在狱中飘扬①珍藏的红旗拿出来了，在大家眼前闪着夺目的光彩。

这面红旗，是那位不知名的同志——“监狱之花”的母亲，留下来的。

残留着弹孔，染透斑斑血迹的红旗，被她珍藏在一床旧棉絮里。

在她临危时，竟没有来得及交给自己的战友，而是在过了好久以后，人们才从她的遗物中找出来的。

②当红旗在大家眼前出现时，几只拿着针线的手，团团围了上来。

③“五星红旗！五颗星绣在哪里？”④“一颗金星绣在中央，光芒四射，象征着党。

四颗小星摆在四方，祖国大地，一片光明，一齐解放！”⑤“对，就这么绣。

”⑥尽管她们并不知道五星红旗的图案，但她们却通过炽热的心，把自己无穷的向往付与祖国。

不知是谁抢先绣上了第一针，接着，许多灵巧的手，飞快地刺绣起来。

热血沸腾着，把坚贞的爱，把欢乐的激情，全寄托在针线上，你一针，我一线，一针一线织绣出闪亮的金星。

⑦红旗正中，闪现了一颗星，接着，又出现了四颗。

⑧江姐依偎在李青竹身边，凝望着刺绣中的五星红旗，她不仅理解战友们的兴奋心情，她自己的心境，也和大家一样。

但是她在胜利的喜讯中，激动而又冷静，想得很多、很远。

也许此刻只有李青付才能理解她那复杂的心情。

她看见了胜利，可也看见了集中营的最后斗争。

她知道，在越狱和屠杀的斗争中，必须付出多少生命作为代价。

这代价，也许首先是自己，也许还有别人，但她宁愿用自己来代替一切战友，为党保存更多的力量。

然而，在欢乐的战友们面前，在五星红旗面前，她什么也没有讲。

⑨“江姐！”孙明霞双手捧起叠好的旗帜，带着无限的喜悦，走到缓缓地搓着线的江姐面前，“同志们希望你来宣布胜利的到临，也请你揭开这象征黎明和解放的战旗。

”⑩“我？”江姐笑着惊问。

⑪“是的，江姐！就是你。

”面前激起一阵热情、严肃而又诚恳的声音。

⑫“应该是你。

”李青竹等大家稍静之后，说道，“不能辜负同志们对你的信任和尊敬。

”⑬“好吧。

”江姐双手接过红旗，迎风一抖，五颗晶亮的全星，立刻随着红旗飞舞。

2024年高考语文第二轮专题复习强化训练：语言文字运用阅读下面的文字，完成下题。

事有凑巧，在不同的时间和不同的地方，我听见过三位老师讲“破釜沉舟”这个成语。

第一位教师是这样讲的：“‘破釜沉舟’表示坚决的意思。

做事一定要坚决。

无论做什么，只要是正当的、应该做的事，就必须抱定只许前进而不许后退、只许胜利而不许失败的决心，只有这样才能得到成功。

如果(______________)，工作还没开始就准备下失败的退路，那样一定不会成功。

①当然，②前进的目的必须正确。

③在这一点上，④我们不能跟古人相提并论。

由于时代的局限，古人，尤其是封建统治阶级的人，做事的目的在今天看来很多是成问题的，下定决心做好事是应当的，如果坚决做坏事，那就不应当了。

”第二位教师是另一种讲法，他说：“‘釜’就是锅，‘舟’就是船。

‘破’和‘沉’都是动词。

‘破釜’是‘使釜破’的意思，也就是把锅砸碎；‘沉舟’是‘使舟沉’的意思，也就是把船凿沉。

这样用法的动词叫作‘使动词’。

同是做饭的工具，古代叫‘釜’，现代叫‘锅’；同是水上运输工具，古代叫‘舟’，现代叫‘船’；这是古今词汇的演变。

像古代叫‘冠’，现代叫‘帽子’，古代叫‘履’，现代叫‘鞋’，都是这种情形。

曹植《七步诗》里有‘豆在釜中泣’的句子，______________，这里的‘釜’和‘舟’跟‘破釜沉舟’里的‘釜’和‘舟’意思相同。

”第三位教师讲得比较简单，话说得比较少。

他这样讲：“项羽渡河进攻秦朝的军队，渡河之后，把造饭的锅砸碎，把船凿沉，断了自己的退路，以示有进无退的决心，终于把秦军打败了。

后来大家就用‘破釜沉舟’这个成语表示下定最大的决心，不顾任何牺牲的意思。

”1．将下列俗语填入文中括号内，恰当的一项是（）A．干打雷不下雨 B．又吃鱼又嫌腥C．前怕狼后怕虎 D．首尾不能兼顾2．文中画线的语句中有一处表述不当，请标出原句序号后再做修改，并使修改后的语句与上下文的衔接流畅自然。

3．请在横线处仿照上句补写恰当的句子，要求内容正确贴切，语意完整连贯。

2023届高考语文二轮复习专题训练：散文阅读——拓展与延伸一、阅读下面文章，完成下面小题。

与稻田重逢谢枚琼①儿时记忆里，散布在村子里的每一块稻田，都像家里的孩子一样，有自己的名字。

村里人的心思似乎都扑在稻田里，唤起孩子的名字，一贯粗嗓门，而说到稻田呢，开口闭口则是“俺家的长丰大丘”“屋门口的三湾丘”……完全是一副温柔的声调。

②老家地处丘陵地带，稻田呈现出极不规则的形态，大小不一。

村民往往按其形状和所在地，给一丘丘稻田命名。

三角形的就叫三角丘，荷叶状的就叫荷叶丘，那丘最大的田，叫长丰大丘，弯弯曲曲的，就叫大湾丘。

从荒地上挥汗如雨地拓出几分田来的，那就叫新开丘好了。

稻田像个碗，装着村子绵长的日子。

③站在老屋门槛外，一抬眼就能看到长丰大丘。

长方形，规整，足有五亩三分，这样的大田在村里可不多见。

大丘的上面就是椿树塘，只要塘里有水，这田的收成就不愁了，所以叫它“长丰”还真不是没来由的。

一脚踩进黑油油的泥里，一股爽溜溜痒滋滋的感觉从足底直抵心里头。

长丰大丘以前可是谁家都想耕作的一块田。

分田到户时，爷爷靠运气抓阄分得了长丰大丘，高兴得不亚于中了头彩，一天里少不了要去田边转上几趟。

④田是好田，爷爷亦是种田好手。

一年两季里，稻子穗穗金黄饱满。

⑤几年之后，村里对田地进行调整，长丰大丘被后辈新初分去了，爷爷那时已八十高龄，虽种不动长丰大丘，却为此郁闷了好一阵子。

他还是喜欢每天到田边去转悠转悠，回来后唠唠叨叨，无非是新初那小子还不知道这几天要治虫哩，田里又要薅草了……⑥自上世纪90年代起，外面的世界越来越精彩，村里的年轻人如新初，大都加入打工的行列南下北上。

一片热闹声中，稻田的名字逐渐变得暗淡。

起始，两季稻改成一季，后来有的田连一季也不种了，任其杂草丛生。

椿树塘多年不曾清淤，塘堤也日渐破旧。

爷爷过世后，父母随我住到了县城。

长丰大丘，以及那些曾被村里人视为命根子的稻田，在我脑海里渐渐淡去。

母亲偶有念叨，今天怎么了？父亲接过话题：“现在种田的政策多好啊，不用交税，还有补贴。

50分阅读理解提分练(二)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A[2023·山东省济宁市三模]A Day Out at the City FarmCome and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey!Date：28 May 2023 (Sunday) Time：8 a．m. to 5 p．m.Venue: City FarmGUIDED TOUR 9 a．m. or 3 p．m.Free registration (registration ends 5 minutes before tour starts)Our friendly guide will share interesting facts about some common local plants and their uses. You will have an opportunity to touch, smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. Our guide will also highlight some farming methods that are environmentally friendly.WORKSHOPS1．What can a visitor enjoy during the guided tour?A．Trying out new farming methods.B．Tasting some vegetables and fruits.C．Visiting the farm without registration.D．Sharing knowledge of plants with the locals.2．How much need a couple with one child pay for My Miniature Garden?A．$40. B．$55.C．$65. D．$80.3．What is the main purpose of the event?A．To instruct visitors to prepare gifts.B．To advocate the protection of the farm plants.C．To publicize the sale of organic produce.D．To encourage people to grow their own food.BFifteen years ago, Claybourne Elder was a twenty something from Utah, standing in the back of a Broadway theatre watching “Putnam County Spelling Bee”， when an act of kindness opened a door to new possibilities.“This man came up to me and said, ‘Hey, are you from out of town？’And I said, ‘Yeah, I'm just here visiting.’ And the man handed me $200 and said, ‘You look ed like you were having more fun than the people in the expensive seats. Go to buy yourself a ticket to Sweeney Todd tomorrow. It'll change your life，’” Elder said. Elder never got the man's name—just $200 and a photo.Elder had never seen Sweeney Todd, so he bought “a great seat”. Starring in that production was the legendary Patti LuPone. “That did not seem real. Patti LuPone... she seemed like a person you read about in a book or heard about somewhere, but not someone you saw perform，” Elder said.He th en tried his best to earn a place on the stage. LuPone is now his co­star in the hit musical Company—a turning point of fate that goes back to the stranger who gave him the means to watch one of Broadway's biggest productions. “It takes that kind of generosity to show you what generosity can be, to turn around and do it again，” Elder said.Giving back is now a big part of his life. Once a month, he and his 4­year­old son pay for a stranger's meal at their local diner. Recently, he has started giving away free tickets to his show through social media.After every performance, Elder takes a picture with the strangers he buys tickets for and hangs the photos in his dressing room. “I hope that it awakens something in them, just like it did in me，” he said. “What I hope happens is that these people are shown some sort of sincere kindness from a stranger and hopefully in turn go out and do something kind for somebody who they don't know.”4．How did Elder feel when he saw Patti LuPone perform?A．Moved and grateful.B．Inspired but worried.C．Curious but doubtful.D．Surprised and excited.5．What did Elder do after seeing Sweeney Todd?A．He took Patti LuPone as his teacher.B．He tried to contact the stranger.C．He trained hard to become an actor.D．He created Company with Patti LuPone.6．Why does Elder give free tickets to those strangers?A．To get personal popularity.B．To take photos with them.C．To inspire them to do good deeds.D．To help them know more about his show.7．What is the best title for the text?A．An Act of Kindness Goes FarB．Hard Work Always Pays OffC．Luck Falls in an Unexpected WayD．A Good Play Can Change Your LifeCSherry Gao is pouring coffee made from single­origin beans, hoping that her Mandarin Coffee Stand in the city of Pasadenawill, California introduces you to your new favorite coffee and turns your preconceptions about Chinese coffee beans upside down.Much of the Western world imports its coffee from Africa and South America. But Gao hopes that throwing light on Yunnan­sourced coffee could expose customers to the coffee­producing region and help to break down prejudice against the beans, which for decades, until only a few years ago, were primarily used for instant products.“We wanted to highlight Chinese coffee because a lot of people nev er had Chinese coffee before，” Gao said. “Some have the mindset that it's bad or it's cheap, but that's not the case anymore. It's been changing so much over the last decade.”Recent experimentation with processing, such as the addition of fruit or sugarcane molasses during the production, is leading Yunnan's coffee to more flavorful results. “Every time a new product comes in, it tastes better than the last one，” Gao said.Farmers in China have grown tea for more than 3，000 years, but coffee has been grown there for only about a century in small quantities, with an uptick in the 1980s with government involvement. And the turn of the century and the 2010s saw a sharp growth with international corporations investing in the region's crops, initially for use in instant coffee.But in the last 10 to 15 years, tastes and demand for specialty and high­grade coffees emerged, especially from local growers and shops. The domestic demand for China­grown coffee has risen so dramatically that Gao says it's now much more expensive.To further connect with the community, Gao hopes to one day host classes for interactive how­to events. After all, she says, the Yunnan coffee tastes excellent when made in one's own kitchen with a pour­over system and she hopes it's only a matter of time before home specialty coffee enthusiasts catch on too.8．What's a misunderstanding of Chinese coffee beans?A．They are of poor quality.B．They have limited producing areas.C．They have a mild taste.D．They are used for flavored coffee.9．Wha t does the underlined word “uptick” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Output. B．Increase.C．Option. D．Investment.10．What does Sherry Gao expect to do in future?A．Offer community members coffee for free.B．Buy a pour­over system for her shop.C．Teach people to make Chinese coffee at home.D．Keep up with home specialty coffee fans.11．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Business.D[2023·山东省日照市三模]A new wearable device that wraps around your finger like a plaster can harvest sweat while you sleep and use it to generate electricity, according to the developers from University of California, San Diego.Most power producing wearable device require wearers to perform intense exercise or depend on external sources such as sunlight or large changes in temperature. But the new strip uses a passive system to generate electricity from sweat in your fingertips, even if you are sleeping or sitting completely still. This is because the finger tips are the sweatiest part of the body. So, thanks to a smart sponge material, this can be collected and processed by conductors.The energy harvester produced small amounts of electricity when the wearer presses down or starts to sweat, or from light finger tapping. It does this by converting activities like typing, texting, or playing the piano into extra charge.Finger tips have one of the highest concentrations of sweat grands in the body, with coach finger producing between 100 and 1，000 times more sweat than most other areas, according to the researchers.Co­first author doctoral student Mr. Bin said: “The reason why we feel sweatier on other parts of the body is that those spots are not well ventilated (通风的). By contrast, the finger tips are always exposed to air, so the sweat evaporated as it comes out. So rather than letting it evaporate, we use our device to collect this sweat, and it can generate a significant amount of energy.”The device is equipped with electrical conductors or electrode (电极) made from a carbon foam, which absorbs any finger sweat. Enzyme (酶) on the electrode then cause a chemical sweat molecule to generate electricity.The device only stores up a little bit power at the moment, and would take about three weeks of constant wear to power a smart phone, but the researchers hope to increase capacity in future.12．How is the new device different from other wearables?A．It is cost­effective.B．It is harmless to skin.C．It required no exercise.D．It produced electricity.13．What does the underlined word “evaporate” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Changes into a gas.B．Freezes in the air.C．Drops to the ground.D．Becomes bigger in amount.14．What is the disadvantage of the device?A．It is extremely small in size.B．It is very difficult to operate.C．It has a very limited power capacity.D．It relies much on temperature changes.15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．Sweats FingertipsB．Power from FingertipsC．An Electrical ConductorD．A Rechargeable Device[答题区]阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

议论文阅读一、(12分)阅读下文，完成下面小题。

把鲜花和掌声送给“备份英雄”①10月16日凌晨，神舟十三号载人飞船伴月升空，由航天员翟志刚、王亚平、叶光富组成的“新太空出差三人组”开始了为期半年的空间站生活。

至此，我国圆梦太空的航天员已有13位，这一数量是我国所有航天员人数的三分之一。

今年早些时候，执行神舟十二号飞行任务的聂海胜在天宫号空间站展示了一张我国现役共34位航天员的合影。

其中有一个人显得很特别，他是我国第一批航天员中唯一尚未执行飞天任务又仍在现役的邓清明。

自1998年宣誓成为一名航天员，23年间，邓清明每一天都在为实现飞天梦想而努力。

因为微弱的差距，他先后错过了成为神舟九号、十号、十一号执飞航天员的机会，并数次进入备份乘组。

每一次从零开始备战，邓清明都和主份航天员一样完成同样数量、难度和标准的训练。

②如今，55岁的邓清明依然坚持训练。

他说他永远记得，和自己同为第一批航天员的陈全说过，不管主份备份，都是航天员的本分——“我绝不容忍自己在号角催征时，还没有准备好。

”通过媒体报道，人们了解了邓清明的故事，给予了他不亚于任何飞天航天员的肯定和赞扬——“虽未披甲征战，已是鞠躬尽瘁。

”“鬓微霜，又何妨？”“你同样是中国航天的英雄。

”③事实上，除了邓清明，在中国航天史上，还有包括陈全等在内的5名直到退役也没能飞上太空的航天员。

然而，正是有了他们与战友间相互督促、你追我赶的训练，才让我国拥有了各方面素质均过硬的飞天好手；正是因为他们坚持多年一丝不苟地执行备份任务，才让所有参与发射任务的人既踏实又安心。

在那些圆梦太空的航天员中，最海胜也曾3次备份，驾驶神舟九号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器顺利对接的刘旺，则为那一刻整整准备了14年！④这样的“备份英雄”，同样存在于其他领域。

在2015年的纪念抗战胜利70周年阅兵仪式上，经过严格训练的女飞行员陶佳莉作为备份和编队战机一起起飞，但没有通过天安门广场。

她说，这也是一种受阅，检阅的是集体主义精神和对待不同分工的工作态度。

2022年中考语文二轮专题复习：现代文阅读理解-- 部编人教版九年级总复习2021年部编版中考语文阅读理解专题练习一、阅读下面选文，完成1~5题。

（19分）选材理由：文章通过描写祖父使用“木犁”耕田的几件平凡小事，赞颂了祖父辛勤耕耘、勤劳朴实的美好品质，展现了良好的家风和浓浓的亲情。

阅读本文，引导学生学习祖父的美好品质，树立勤俭节约的作风。

祖父的老物件①我的祖父是个木匠，但他又是生产队里的一个使牛好手，农忙的时候，他就停了木工活，回家赶农事。

②在我很小的时候，每到春耕，时常看到这样的情景：一张犁杖放在院子一角，犁杖上坐着一位老人，在咕噜咕噜地吸水烟，离他不远，站着一头牛，那便是我的祖父跟他宝贝黄牛，这是他们的“战前”画面。

我家的黄牛体格不大，但身上的毛发油亮，显得结实有力，黄牛正把头伸进饲料桶里，发出呼哧呼哧的满足的咀嚼声。

待黄牛吃完料抬起头来，祖父便牵上它，扛着木犁朝地里走去。

③下到地里，祖父驾上牛，便跟在犁杖后面，嘴里不停地吆喝着：“驾驾”，祖父的吆喝立即融入田野上耕田人的吆喝声里。

大田里。

一张张木犁深深插进泥土，犁出一垄又一垄黑乎乎的新泥，阳光下的新土变成一条条波浪，空气里充斥着泥土的味道。

④耕田是很辛苦的农事，牛要使劲扛轭拉犁，人要扶犁杖掌握犁地的深浅、方向、拐弯等等，人和牛要用他们的脚一步一步地将土地“丈量”完。

整个春耕，耕牛和人一耕就是十几二十天，量完一块地，又量完一块地。

这时候的祖父身体还很好，一天能耕2亩多，脚下还不觉沉重，而且，祖父舍得下力气，他耕的地吃土深，地面平，一眼望去，让人心里特别舒坦。

⑤有月亮的晚上，祖父还要加一会儿班，月色下的田野朦朦胧胧的，如水的月光洒在人和牛的身上，人与牛一前一后缓缓地行进着，构成一幅独特的水墨春耕图。

祖父牵牛回家的时候，村子里已经亮起一片灯光。

祖父将犁杖轻轻放到屋子的墙角里，然后坐下来吸水烟。

我有些不以为然，有一次跟祖父说：“就一张犁，随便放在外面就行了，何必要放到屋子里来，又是泥又是水的。

阅读理解－说明文基础题一、阅读理解。

Passage 1You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin V on Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re­examine their relationship to single­use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse”，a pair of 10­foot­tall plastic waves, frozen mid­crash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of V on Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, V on Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic”，V on Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.V on Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.() 1. What are V on Wong's artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco­friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.() 2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in Paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.() 3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.() 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesPassage 2During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, wecan't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face­to­face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.() 5. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A. It helps him concentrate.B. It blocks out background noise.C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.D. It encourages face­to­face interactions.() 6. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A. Total silence.B. 50 decibels.C. 70 decibels.D. 85 decibels.() 7. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotected.B. Limited working space.C. Restrictions on group discussion.D. Constant interruptions.() 8. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He's a news reporter.B. He's an office manager.C. He's a professional designer.D. He's a published writer.Passage 3Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non­human species, collapse is wellunderway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still­uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century，” Johnson said in an email.Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their “speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”() 9. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Scientific.B. Credible.C. Original.D. Relevant.()10. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is ________.A. worriedB. puzzledC. surprisedD. scared()11. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.D. The global collapse is well underway.二、精深练习。