1global environment

Chapter 3 Managing in a Global Environment1) Managers with an ethnocentric attitude do not trust foreign employees with key decisions or technology.Answer: TRUE2) When the twelve original members formed the European union in 1992, the primary motivation was to reassert the region's economic position against the United States and Japan.Answer: TRUE3) Only when a country's political/legal environment is unstable or revolutionary is it of concern to managers.Answer: FALSE4) Managers who want to get into a global market with minimal investment start with global sourcing.Answer: TRUE5) Parochialism is a tendency to ________.A) think highly of the foreign country in which the organization is doing businessB) focus on best approaches and people from around the globeC) view the world solely through one's own eyes and perspectivesD) let employees in the host country figure out how best to do things Answer: C6) The ________ was formed by twelve original members with the primary motivation of reasserting the region's economic position against the United States and Japan.A) African UnionB) European UnionC) Central America Free Trade AgreementD) Association of South-East Asian NationsAnswer: B7) How many members does The African Union have?A) 78B) 53C) 64D) 49Answer: B8) The International Monetary Fund is an organization of ________ countriesthat promotes international monetary cooperation and provides member countries with policy advice, temporary loans, and technical assistance to establish and maintain financial stability and to strengthen economies.A) 193B) 172C) 160D) 185Answer: D9) The forerunner of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was the ________ that was formed in 1947 to administer American and Canadian aid under the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II.A) Organization of European StatesB) Organizational Council of EuropeC) Organization for European Economic CooperationD) Organization for European InvestmentAnswer: C10) A ________ centralizes its management and other decisions in the home country.A) global companyB) multidomestic corporationC) multicultural companyD) multifaceted corporationAnswer: A11) Transnational organizations are also known as ________.A) ethnocentric organizationsB) polycentric organizationsC) borderless organizationsD) multidomestic organizationsAnswer: C12) ________ is the practice wherein an organization gives another organization the right to use its brand name, technology, or product specifications in return for a fee usually based on sales.A) Global sourcingB) ExportingC) SubsidizingD) LicensingAnswer: DA Foreign Alliance Talk (Scenario)As manager of the international department of your company, you have been asked by the local Chamber of Commerce to deliver a speech on foreign trade. The chamber president even goes so far as to say "and be sure to include the EU, NAFTA, and all that stuff because we're afraid that Ross Perot is right all the good jobs will leave the United States." As you pour over your notes, you try to choose the best information to present in the allotted half hour.13) You plan to explain during your talk that the acronyms EU, NAFTA, and ASEAN refer to ________.A) regional trade alliancesB) foreign airlinesC) soccer teams in EuropeD) new multinational corporationsAnswer: A14) One of the hottest topics of your talk will be the North American Free Trade Agreement. One of the points that you will emphasize is that________.A) between 1994 and 2007, merchandise trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico has decreased from 6.6 percent to 4.4 percentB) a large number of people have started migrating from the United States to Mexico in search of jobs and prosperityC) as of 2010, it remains the largest trade bloc in the world in terms of combined gross domestic product of its membersD) the United States, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica and El Salvador are its membersAnswer: C15) Write a short essay on the European Union.Answer: The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership of 27 democratic European countries. Three countries (Croatia, Macedonia, and Turkey) have applied for membership. When the 12 original members formed the EU in 1992, the primary motivation was to reassert the region's economic position against the United States and Japan. Before then, eachEuropean nation had border controls, taxes, and subsidies; nationalistic policies; and protected industries. These barriers to travel, employment, investment, and trade prevented European companies from developing economic efficiencies. Now with these barriers removed, the economic power represented by the EU is considerable. Its current membership covers a population base of nearly half a billion people and accounts for approximately 31 percent of the world's total economic output. The euro that is the common European currency is currently in use in 16 of the 27 member states and all new member countries must adopt the euro. Only Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Sweden have been allowed to opt out of using the euro. The euro zone is the world's largest unified economy after the United States and a major source of world demand for goods and services. Therefore, the importance of this regional trading alliance will continue to evolve as EU members work together to assert the region's economic power with successful European businesses continuing to play a crucial role in the global economy.。

environment; circumstance; setting; surroundings【计】ADA environment; environment【化】surroundings【医】environment; milieu; peristasis工业固体废物industrial solid wastes白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物organic pollutants三废综合利用multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率deforestation rate水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区water resource conservation zone海水淡化sea water desalinization造林工程afforestation project绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks防沙林sand breaks速生林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品environment-friendly products自然保护区nature reserve野生动植物wild fauna and flora保护生存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes环境恶化environmental degradation温饱型农业subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车small-displacement (engine) vehicles温室效应greenhouse effect工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂centralized treatment plant农药残留pesticide residue水土保持conservation of water and soil生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国turn the country green环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor联合国人类居住中心UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronize s” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:“一控”：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;“双达标”：1. 到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the endof 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) onstart-up projects提高全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification。

What is a Global Environmental Pollution Problem? J.T.TrevorsPublished online:4February2010#Springer Science+Business Media B.V.2010Global environmental pollution problems are not just problems that affect many people.Instead,they are those immense problems that affect the entire planet Earth.These problems may or may not affect all people at the same time,nor to the same level.Global environmental pollution problems may have com-menced many decades or centuries ago and are the result of additive,interconnected events that are manifested in a more complex present-day problem. It may also be true that the problem was generated at a relatively simple level of complexity but evolved into a more complex problem,requiring a complex solution.An excellent example of this type of global pollution problem is global climate change which is complex,requires the cooperation of all countries, and makes our human society and all living organ-isms vulnerable.Global climate change is really the sum of all pollution combined with natural changes in climate.Global problems are also problems where solutions may not be immediate and involve complex political,social,and economic components.Some humans will be resistant to change,cannot imagine the consequences,insist their values are correct,and may have constrained ideological,cultural,and political values and ideas.This is all occurring in a time of globalization—in increased interconnected-ness among countries in the areas of economics,trade, culture,and politics.It was not raining when Noah built the ark. Humans have the capacity to think ahead,plan, anticipate,predict,and be prepared.The future of humanity lies in anticipating and preventing global problems while fixing our existing problems at the local,national,and global levels.Of course,this is an immense challenge to humans because we disagree on forms of government,economics,basic human rights, war and conflict versus peace,and the distribution of resources on the planet.Humanity’s future is not guaranteed unless all people and all nations strive for a quality of life that is sustainable while managing our current climate change crisis and at the same time reducing human population growth and implementing conservation policies worldwide.This may seem like a utopian wish as we enter another decade with too many humans subjected to poverty,hunger,conflicts, wars,uneven distribution of resources,lack of universal basic human rights and needs,lack of education,potable water,public health,pandemics, transportation and communication infrastructure,dis-crimination,racism,religious intolerance,greed, power,dictatorships,unstable governments,a multi-tude of national and international security issues,and no legally binding agreement on climate change for countries.The list is not complete,but the point has been made.Water Air Soil Pollut(2010)210:1–2DOI10.1007/s11270-010-0337-9J.T.Trevors(*)School of Environmental Sciences,University of Guelph, Guelph,ON,Canada,N1G2W1e-mail:jtrevors@uoguelph.caIn the past,an immense amount of effort was devoted to solving or remediating existing problems. Today,we have the capacity to predict many prob-lems or changes.Science,engineering,and technolo-gy have enabled us to have immense predictive powers.Therefore,our capacity for insight and visionary thinking increases as more information is translated into knowledge.Visionary thinking is essential if we are to determine how humans share our planet,share our humanity,and share a common rulebook to prevent further damage to our biosphere. Visionary thinking and problem solving are necessary because climate change is an interlinked and complex problem with unrecognized outcomes.It may be that some proposed and attempted solutions are incorrect. Interconnected problems make solutions more diffi-cult.One could even suggest that the most important environmental problem is deciding what is the most important environmental problem.However humanity decides to solve global cli-mate change,it will involve information systems that will lead to entirely new disciplines and fields of knowledge.This will spawn new industries and hopefully a better sharing of resources in our common,shared,singular biosphere.Hopefully, there will be another renaissance in thinking, education,innovation,research,and cooperation for humanity.If you enjoy problem solving,thinking, education,humanities,laws,computing and infor-mation systems,policy formation and implementa-tion,and innovation and research,then use your skills and expertise to solve the most critical global problems—some of which were mentioned in this article.We also look forward to articles being submitted to this journal that assist in solutions to any environmental problem of significance.The point is—be successful at meaningful activities in research,not trivial ones.2Water Air Soil Pollut(2010)210:1–2。

绿色环保的英语作文（精选6篇）绿色环保的英语篇1Once man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.Today things are different. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources,and polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet,with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are caught.We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will disappear. Yet, we continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more trees. We see that if rivers are polluted with waste products, we will die. Yet, waste products arestill put into rivers.We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years, there won't be enough food.What can we do to solve these problems?If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food available. Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are kept.Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie them.The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a better and cleaner planet in the future.绿色环保的英语作文篇2Green, full of green color, pure and lovely, the tall trees, lovely grass, in the vast prairie. It is peak green, I love green. The color of the green symbol of spring, the beginning of all things. But if the environment polluted persecution, our world is only gray left. Look at that, luxuriantly green brook, now filled with filar silk smell, very dirty, that fresh air is gone, which is the car of carbon dioxide in the air. Ground water levels fall, climate warming, air pollution and greenhouse effect...We, from every little thing learned that could change the truth of life, an important enlightenment, also is a turning point in life, if everyone can become a green small guard, now, I want to the world how beautiful, how harmonious ah! Went up in every city in the big chimney, a large number of abandoned, carbon dioxide into the air, it was not as before so blue, the water is no longer clear.This is my advice to protect water: 1, can be used but relatively clean water flush the toilet, clean the floor or water the flowers. 2, water intermittent can turn off the faucet, avoid unnecessary waste. 3, a small amount of clothes to wash, avoid washing machines wash with plenty of water. 4, take a bath, will be the beginning of the vacancy of the cold water savings, can wash the clothes or other use. These recommendations are usually comprehend the truth of life. Blue earth mother, only the human and the nature harmonious development, don't be collected, deforestation, and consciously to protect trees, and water, I think you won't get so many natural disasters in the world, Arbor Day, world environment protection, and many other festivals, these are warned us: we have only one earth, we better good to protect him. Now the earth has become a biggreenhouses, mainly because: automobile tail emissions is overmuch, cause the hole in the ozone layer...The earth is everyone's home, protect the earth, starts from me, start from now, start from around things. In this way, our world will be more beautiful, more harmonious!绿色环保的英语作文篇3Environmental problems are as big as not for individual country or individual people to address。

2019职称英语综合类阅读精选：Managing In aGlobal EnvironmentManaging In a Global Environment 在世界环境中实行管理1.Assume for a moment that you're a manager going to work for a branch of a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home,but how? What should you be looking for?1、此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家世界组织的国外分支机构工作.。

你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么水准呢?你理应注意些什么?2.Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section,we'll look at some of those challenges and offer guidelines for responding. Although our discussion is presented through the eyes of a U.S. manager,our analytical framework could be used by any manager who nas to manager in a foreignenvironment,regardless of national origin.2、任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。

在这个节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。

环境保护专业术语中英互译环境保护专业术语中英互译Environmental pollution 环境污染 Global warming 全球变暖Environmental destruction环境破坏 Environmental risk 环境风险Persistent organic pollutants 持久性有机污染物 Global warming全球变暖Acid precipitation 酸性降水 Volatile organic chemicals 挥发性有机化学品Renewable resources 可再生资源Sustainable development 可持续发展 Fabric filters 织物过滤器On-site monitoring 现场监测 Receiving water body贮水池On-site monitoring 现场监测 Resource reuse 资源再利用Eutrophication 富营养化 Aerobic composting 好氧堆肥Nonrenewable resources 不可再生资源Nitrification 硝化作用Cyclone precipitator 旋风除尘器Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) 持久性有机污染物Chlorohydrocarbon 氯化碳氢化合物Greenhouse effect 温室效应Volatile organic chemicals（VOC）挥发性有机化学品Fabric filters 织物过滤器Biodegradation 生物降解Eutrophication 富营养化Hazardous waste 危险废物Sanitary landfill 卫生填埋Sustainable development 可持续发展Powder activated carbon 活性炭粉末环境问题 environmental problem 水处理 water treatment 二氧化碳 carbon dioxide 一次污染物primary pollutant生物多样性 biological diversity 生活垃圾domestic waste 空气污染air pollution 可生化降解污染物biodegradable pollutant氮氧化物nitrogen oxides 化学需氧量(COD) chemical oxygen demandBOD Biochemical oxygen demand 颗粒物(PM) particulate matter一级处理primary treatment 二级处理secondary treatment资源回收 resource recovery 面源污染non-point source pollution二氧化硫 sulfur dioxide 臭氧层 ozone layer总悬浮固体(TSS) total suspended solid环境影响评价(EIA) environmental impact assessment声压级 sound pressure level 去除率 removal rateTP total phosphorus 光化学烟雾photochemical smog颗粒物(PM)- Particulate Matter环境影响评价(EIA)- environmental impact assessment背景噪声 background noise有害废物hazardous waste 二次污染物secondary pollutant。

高考英语生态环保类⾼频主题词汇一、生物学/生态生态ecosystemn.生态系统eco-表示“生态”eco-balancen.生态平衡eco-friendly adj.对环境友好的ecologyn.生态学ecological adj.生态的-al为形容词后缀ecologist n.生态学家-ist为名词后缀，表示“人”生物，生命biologyn.生物学biologistn.生物学家biological生物上的creaturen.生物speciesn.物种diversityn.多样性diverse adj.多样的species diversity物种多样性bacterian.细菌generationn.代5G 中的Gsoiln.土壤fertilizern.肥料二、环境问题气候变化global warming全球变暖globe→global greenhouse gas温室气体greenhouse effect 温室效应atmospheren.大气层/氛围emissionn.排放sustainableadj.可持续的climate change气候变化extreme climate极端气候交通变化transportationn.交通运输trans- 表示“转变，转化”vehiclen.交通工具三、物质资源新能源sourcen.源头originn.起源original→originally 起源地resourcen.资源re-表示“再一次”，去源头获取资源substituten.替代品storagen.存储store→storage仓储shortagen.缺乏short→shortage短缺be lacking in缺乏lacking adj.缺乏的a lack of缺乏lack n.缺乏consumev.消耗consumption n.消耗consumern.消耗者energeticadj.有精力的fueln.燃料petrol/gasolinen.汽油gasn.天然气electricityn.电electronicadj.电子的（设备仪器等）electricadj.通电的material1n.材料四、污染物质塑料，化学物质plasticadj.塑料的chemicaladj.化学的 n.化学物质poisonous adj.有毒的poison→poisonouspesticiden.杀虫剂releasev.释放（气体等/未公开的资源）二氧化碳carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳五、危机危机，现状crisisn.危机die out灭绝disappearv.消失disappearance n.消失displacev.流离失所dis- + place 没有地方survivev.存活survival→survivor 幸存者separate v.分隔，分离separate frompopulationn.种群数量coexistv.共存co-表示“共同”come into existence开始形成trapv.& n.困住/陷阱potentialadj.潜在的/潜能威胁result in=contribute to导致result from=due to由于threatenv.威胁threat→threatened→threateningtough situation艰难的处境strugglev.& n.挣扎，斗争distributev.分散dis-表示“否定”六、政府举措制度，政策governmentn.政府establishv.建立（制度）policyn.政策launchv.发布（政策）monitorv.监测/监视figure out=make sense 弄清楚/使有意义explorev.探索explore→exploration 采取措施take measures 采取措施opposev.反对oppo-表示“相对”opponent n.对手constructv.建设construct→constructionreconstructv.重建contributev.贡献contribute to 贡献/导致removev.去除get rid of去除replacev.替代take the place of取代recyclev.回收adaptv.适应adapt to 适应，改编processn.过程，进程investigatev.调查investigation n.调查forecast=predictv.预测harmonyn.和谐degrade2v.降解apply to 适用于strategy n.战略restrictv.限制restriction n.限制limitv.& n.限制limitation n.限制preventv.阻止七、应对方法应对方法，效果reintroducev.重新引进trackv.& n.追踪，轨迹evolvev.进化evolution n.进化break down分解genen.基因genetic adj.基因的food chain食物链food supply食物供给supply chain供应链come into effect生效efficiencyn.效率efficient adj.有效率的productivityn.生产率productive adj.多产的behaviorn.行为behave v.行为表现得solutionn.解决方法adaptationn.适应八、常用表达表示“增加/减少”（搭配to表示增加到，by表示增加了）increasev.& n.增加improvev.提升growv.增长promotev.促进decreasev.减少（不及物）declinev.衰退reducev.减少（及物）reduction n.减少表示速度rapidlyadv.快速地swiftlyadv.快速地dramaticallyadv.急剧地slimlyadv.稍微地steady/stableadj.稳定的表示“估计/计算”estimatev.估计overestimate/underestimatev.高估/低估evaluatev.估计accurate=preciseadj.精确的accuracy n.精确calculatev.计算accumulatev.累计multiplyv.乘multi-表示“多重”multicultural表示“大量的”（作文中可使用）a vast/wide range of很大范围内的a large amount of大量的（接不可数）quantities of许多plenty of大量的plentiful adj.丰富的，众多的a great deal of大量的varieties of大量/不同种类的vary→various→varietymassive大量的3。

环保知识英文翻译环保概述Environmental Protection可再生能源Renewable Energy节能减排Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction碳排放Carbon Emissions污染控制Pollution Control可持续发展Sustainable Development垃圾分类Garbage Classification自然资源保护Natural Resource Conservation生态平衡Ecological Balance生物多样性Biodiversity绿色生态Green Ecology海洋保护Marine Conservation空气质量监测Air Quality Monitoring地球变暖Global Warming地球资源Earth Resources碳中和Carbon Neutrality环境政策Environmental Policies环保组织Environmental Organizations再生资源利用Recycling and Reuse of Resources 生态修复Ecological Restoration绿色能源Green Energy可降解塑料Biodegradable Plastics气候变化适应Climate Change Adaptation环保倡导Environmental Advocacy土壤污染Soil Contamination水资源管理Water Resource Management排放标准Emission Standards绿色城市Green Cities可持续消费Sustainable Consumption环境教育Environmental Education环境影响评价Environmental Impact Assessment 公众参与Public Participation可再生材料Renewable Materials环保行动Environmental Actions绿色经济Green Economy生态系统Ecosystem气候变化公约Climate Change Convention绿色技术Green Technology水质改善Water Quality Improvement植树造林Afforestation可持续建筑Sustainable Architecture社会责任Social Responsibility碳交易Carbon Trading以上为环保知识的一些英文翻译内容，希望能够帮助您更深入地了解环保领域的相关知识。