主动与被动用法的动词汇总
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英语主动表被动用法归纳一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
主动表被动12种情况⼀.谓语动词⽤主动表被动1. ⼀些连系动词(eg.look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove) 要⽤主动形式表被动含义。
The table feels cold. My advice proved to be wrong.2.当open,close, shut ,lock, move 等⽤作不及物动词且与can't,won't等连⽤表⽰主语属性,常⽤主动表被动。
eg.The door won't open.3.当read,wash,clean, cook,cut,wear, carry, record等⽤作不及物动词且与副词well ,easily ,slowly,quickly 连⽤表⽰主语属性. The book sells well. The food doesn't cut easily.4.某些表⽰开始和结束的动词(eg.begin,start,finish,end)主语为事物且不强调动作执⾏者。
When does the concert begin?The play ended at ten o'clock.5.不及物动词及短语⽤主动表被动含义(eg.take place,happen,come about,break out,appear,disappear,last,arise,belong to) The war lasted 3 years.6.表⽰静态动词(have,lack,fit,hold,suit)The hall holds 100 people.The shoes don't fit me.⼆.⾮谓语动词主动表被动1.不定式to blame, to let⽤作表语,⽤主动表被动。
Who is to blame?The house is to let.2.主语+be +adj +to do(不定式作状语且与主语构成逻辑上动宾关系)The text is easy to understand.3.不定时作定语和所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且有句⼦主语来完成。
英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语中的被动语态是表达动作的接收者的一种语法结构,而不是动作的执行者。
然而,有时我们也会使用主动语态来表示被动意义,这就是主动表被动用法。
以下是一些常见的主动表被动用法的归纳:
1. "动词+ oneself" 结构:这种结构表示主语自己对自己进行某个动作,有自我参考的意味。
例如:He hurt himself while playing soccer.
2. "动词+ each other" 结构:这种结构表示两个或多个主语互相进行某个动作。
例如:They helped each other with their homework.
3. "动词+ something" 结构:这种结构表示主语对某个物体进行某个动作。
例如:She painted the wall white.
4. "be + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语的状态或特征。
例如:The window was broken by the ball.
5. "get + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语经历了某种变化或受到某种影响。
例如:She got lost in the city.
6. "become + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语变成了某种状态或特征。
例如:The water became ice.
以上是一些常见的主动表被动用法。
1。
中学英语中主动表被动常见的六种形式中学英语中主动表被动常见的六种形式英语动词,通常都是主动形式表主动意义、被动形式表被动意义。
但在有些情况下,却要用主动形式表被动意义。
现将这些情况总结如下:1、某些系动词+形容词常见的这类系动词有:look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste, prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)等。
例如:This coat feels very soft and smooth.What he said sounds reasonable.The medicine tastes bitter.All he said proved (to be) true.The flowers smelling sweet (= which smell sweet) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海)W e wanted to get home before dark, but i t didn’t quite turn out as planned.(04浙江)2、某些用作不及物意义的动词+副词常见的这类动词有:wash, clean, cook, eat, drink, brew, fry, bake, iron, cut , dye , dry, sell, read, write, teach, translate, record, wear, draw, drive, ride, lock, unlock, close ,shut ,open, break, smoke, play, act, wind up, make up, blow, keep, burn, light , strike(划着), fire , pull, fill, begin, start, finish, complete, run(运转), stop, end, owe, print, move, let(出租), carry, handle, kill, , milk, pack, pick, split 等。
一、谓语动词的被动情况:1. 某些连系动词,如look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等,由于没有宾语,也就没有被动式,习惯以主动语态形式表示被动意义。
例如:Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来香。
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很软。
但是,当上述动词不用作系动词,作实意动词时,则不具有这种用法。
例如:His heart was felt still beating. 他的心脏仍在跳动。
Pepper can be tasted in the soup.汤里有胡椒粉的味道。
2. 一些动词read, wash, clean, cook, lock,shut,open,act,write,cut,wear、want、need、等,用作不及物动词时且表示主语的某种属性时,用主动表被动。
例如:The door won’t open.这门打不开。
It can’t move.它不能动。
【注意】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t(不能), won’t(不会)等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)3、need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),cannot bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。
The old building requires repairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after carefully.(=need to be looked after)这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
英语主动表被动用法归纳一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
九种动词主动表示被动含义的用法1、Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),be worth值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)。
你的头发该剪了。
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。
(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系) Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。
(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。
(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。
如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等,不定式用主动表被动。
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
英语中常用于被动态的动词及其短语:
be dressed in …穿着…be injured/hurt/wounded (in…) 受伤be seated 坐着(状态)v.s. be sitting be based on…以…为基础
be located/situated in/on… 坐落于…Our school is located/situated in the east of the town. be separated/isolated from…与…分开/隔离开The island is separated from the mainland.
be exposed to sth. 1)接触…2) 暴露在…His skin is often exposed to the sun. /They try to be exposed to English materials. (其主动用法expose oneself/sth. to …但多用于被动)
be devoted/dedicated to…致力于/ 奉献于…The teacher is devoted to his teaching career.
(其主动用法devote/dedicate oneself to sth.,但多用于被动)
be made up of/be composed of 由…组成The medical team is made up of/ is composed of 2 doctors and 4 nurses. be lost/ be gone (但:be missing) 不见了,消失了be lost in thought 陷入沉思中
be caught in a traffic jam/ a rain 赶上(交通阻塞/大雨等)He arrived late because he had been caught in a heavy rain. be covered/crowded with…覆满了…/挤满了…The land is covered with snow.
be lined with 两边排满了…The street is lined with big trees. be dotted with 点缀满了…
The sky is dotted with stars. The lake is dotted with boats
固定句型It is said/reported/believed/considered that sb./sth……
=sb./sth. is said/reported/believed/considered to do/be doing/have done…
…be left 剩下… Four apples are left.
(注意:Four apples remain. remain用主动) be killed 死了
(注意:die这个动词为主动用法)
表示“感到某种情绪”常用被动态be excited/satisfied/disappointed/amused/puzzled/confused
著名be (well) known to sb. 为某人所知be known as …作为…而著名be known for …因…而著名
Hangzhou is known as a famous tourist city for its West Lake to the whole nation. 杭州作为著名旅游城市因其西湖而闻名全国。
be fascinated by/ be obsessed by/be glued to sth 着迷于…; 深受…吸引
be called/named …名叫…The boy is named Andrew. I prefer to be called Tom.
英语中通常用主动语态的动词及其短语
belong to 无被动,无进行时result in…造成/ result from…由…造成无被动用法
happen, take place, occur/ break out, burst out 等表示发生/爆发等含义的短语
read 意为“上面写有…字样”时例如The sign on the door reads: 'no entry'.
weigh(重…),measure(测量结果为…)主动用法例如:The melon weighs 10 pounds. The room measures 6x6 meters.
consist of 由…组成(注意与be made up of的区别) The medical team consists of 2 doctors and 4 nurses. be to blame for…应负责/受到责备The driver is to blame for the accident.
所有的系动词都是主动用法(look, sound, smell, taste, feel, appear, get, become, remain, go wrong/bad, come true)sell, open, drive, write, wash, wear 表示“特性,性能”时用主动用法The book sells well.书卖得好The door opens easily.门很容易开The pen writes smoothly.钢笔写起来很顺The cloth washes easily这块布很容易洗(干净)The sweater wears comfortably. 毛衣穿着很舒服。
need,want,require 表示“需要被…”时后跟动名词主动用法
The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. (但不定式要用to be cleaned 表示出被动)
be worth doing (worth后一定跟动名词主动用法)The city is (well) worth visiting. wh- +不定式做动词的宾语时,不定式用主动
I don’t know where to go/what to say/whom to turn to for.
某些形容词作表语时,后面跟的不定式用主动形式。
如:easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable
The work is easy to do. The water is not fit to drink. The house is comfortable to live in.
有些动词用于主动和被动皆可,但含义有差别。
如:
prepared for sth. 为…做准备(动作)be prepared for sth. 为…做好了准备的(状态)determine to do sth. 决心做某事(动作)be determined to do sth. 下定了决心做某事(状态)
I have some clothes to wash. (主语I自己洗。
)
I have some clothes to be washed. (主语不洗,有待别人来洗。
)
中译英练习题中,若中文里没有主语,通常用被动态来翻译。
已经做了很多工作来防止环境污染。
Much/ A lot has been done to prevent the environment pollution.
已经采取了措施控制病毒传播。
Measures have been taken to limit the spread of the virus.
上海近几年来造了大量的高楼。
A large number of high rises have been built in Shanghai in the recent years. 已经花了很多钱在此工程上了。
A lot of money has been spent on the project.。