China’s Single’s Day Breaks Sales Records Again

Tutorial centres教案Tutorial centres A Class of One ---- Independent Learning(More language input) 涓€銆?绔犺妭鍒嗘瀽锛堜竴锛夌患杩?銆??1ndependent, describe, convenient, expand, provide ith, communicate绛夈€?2 閫氳繃瀛︿範璇炬枃锛屼簡瑙ｈ嚜涓诲规硶銆?锛堜簩锛夐槄璇荤洰鏍?1?2鐞嗚Вс€?3 寮鸿皟瀛︿範鐨勯噸瑕佹€э紝杩涗竴姝ユ槑纭甆ever too old to learn ?锛堜笁锛夋暀瀛︽柟娉??锛堝洓锛夐噸鐐瑰拰闅剧偣璇嶆眹瀛︿範1) 鏍稿績璇嶆眹飦?independent 飦?continue 飦?describe 飦?pace 飦?convenient 飦?communicate飦?determined2) 鎷撳睍璇嶆眹飦?expand 飦?solution 飦?instructor 飦?demanding飦?motivation 飦?strict-discipline3) 璇嶇粍鍜岀煭璇?飦?be described as 飦?at one鈥檚own pace 飦?sth. be convenient to sb. 飦?meet one鈥檚personal goals 飦?provide sb. with sth.飦?make comments 飦?tailor 鈥?to 飦?be determined to 飦?keep high motivation and strict-discipline 飦?enjoy a real sense of achievement and satisfaction 浜屻€?eaching Designs锛??Pre-readingВ锛屽張鑳借嚜鐒跺湴换鍔? 飦?鐜扮殑B?飦?璇峰?鏈?While-readingВс€?飦?瑙ｆ枃绔犲ぇ鎰忋€?飦?ф剰锛屾帉鎻℃枃绔犵殑绡囩珷缁撴瀯銆?飦?90椤礎1?1] 銆婄墰娲ヨ嫳?Post-readingВ鎴戝浗鐜板湪鐨勮嚜瀛﹁€冭瘯鍙栧緱浜嗚繘灞曘€?2][閾炬帴1] 璇存槑锛?Вс€傛彁渚涗竴浠芥暀妗堛€?I. Skimming Skim the passage to get the general idea of the passage. Answer following Wh- questions and then finish Exercise A2 on Page 91: 涓€銆?What is 鈥淚ndependent Learning鈥? 浜屻€?What is the advantage of 鈥淚ndependent Learning鈥?鈪? Scanning Scan the passage to find facts to complete the following sentences. An Independent Learning Centre offers students _________ that help them _________, __________, or _______________ that interest you. It provides students with_______, ________ and other materials such as __________. Students can get touch with their instructors by _______, _________, ________ or ________. And the instructors will read their papers and give their comments in the same way. Then the grades will be recorded by _________.鈪? Reading Ask the students to read the passage once again to have a deep understanding of the passage. 1. Read the passage one paragraph after another. 2. Ask students to raise questions about each paragraph to test their understanding of the paragraphs. 3. Summarize each paragraph of the passage.鈪? Word study independent describe pace provide comment tailor determined(¤瘝姹? 鈪? Production To enlarge students鈥?knowledge and deepen their understanding of the importance of study. 1. Read the supplementary reading material. Get some information from the material. 2. Answer some questions after the material 3. From the given material and what they have learnt from the text, the teacher help the students understand the importance of education and the proverb --- Never too old to learn.[閾炬帴2] 璇存槑锛?搴槄璇昏兘鍔涚殑鍩瑰吇銆?Self-Study Test System Thriving The commemorate of the 15th anniversary of China 鈥檚examination system for the self-taught, the State Education Commission held the National Higher Education Self-Teaching Examination Work Meeting in Beijingrecently. Vice-Premier Li Lanqing said in his letter of congratulations to the meeting that over the past 15years, the self-study examination system has made substantial progress. Experience has proven that the self-teaching examination system is an effective method to enhance education in developing countries. This particular approach is a creation of the socialist educational system with Chinese characteristics. Since its inception a sizable self-taught system has been formed, which is dominated by state testing based on self-study supplemented with guidance and assistance. They system has spread to 30 provinces, autonomous regions锛堣嚜娌诲尯锛塧nd municipalities and the region of Hong Kong. According to incomplete statistics complied in the latter half of 1995, over 4.3 million actually participated in the 1996 spring examination. Thus far 6.1 million registered students have passed theself-study examination, 2018 times the number of registered college students and 2.6 times the number of adult students throughout China. About 250,000 self-taught students graduate from colleges and universities every year, 40 percent of the number graduates from ordinary colleges and universities and 55 percent of the number of graduates from adult colleges. Functioning as the largest open universities in China today, the self-taught program has helped in bringing forth large numbers of students who can well adapt their studies to social demands, making it an educational form irreplaceable by ordinary an adult colleges and universities, as well as an important component of China鈥檚tertiary education structure. Theself-study program has evolved into a fairly complete educational system encompassing regular college course and specialties and granting regular certificates. BEIJING REVIEW, NOVEMBER 18-24, 1996Related exercises: Fill the blanks according to the material: 飩?The self-teaching examination system is an effective method to _________ in ________________.飩?Since its inception, the system has spread to _____ provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and the region of Hong Kong. 飩?________ peopleapplied to be tested in ______ subject areas, and ________ actually took part in the 1996 spring examination. Thus _________ registered students have passed the_________ examination. 飩?___________ self-taught students graduate from colleges and universities every year, _______ of the number of graduates from ordinary colleges and universities and _________ of the number of graduates from adults colleges. 飩?As the largest open university in China today, __________ has helped large numbers of students who can well _______ their studies ______________, which makes it an educational form __________ by ordinary and adult colleges and universities, as well as an important component of China鈥檚_______________.Open questions: What information do you get from the material? Will you further your education either in the way of independent learning or self-studying?。

五下Unit 7 Chinese festivals 知识点复习一、单词festival节日Spring Festival春节January一月February二月call叫作，称作Chinese New Year 中国农历新年get together团聚dumpling饺子Dragon Boat Festival端午节May五月June 六月dragon boat race赛龙舟place地方、地点rice dumpling粽子Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节September九月October十月moon 月亮moon cake月饼Double Ninth Festival 重阳节November 十一月old 老的，年纪大的mountain山，山脉rice cake重阳糕Mother’s Day 母亲节Father’s Day父亲节B.词组1. in January/February在一月/二月2.at this festival 在这个节日3. get together with their family和他们的家人在一起4. eat dumplings吃饺子5.watch dragon boat races看龙舟赛8.eat moon cakes and fruit吃月饼和水果6. in some places在一些地方7. look at the moon at night在夜晚看月亮9. a festival for old people老人们的一个节日10. climb mountains爬山11. eat rice cakes 吃重阳糕12. a day for mothers 母亲们的一天13. like all festivals喜欢所有的节日14.on Mother’s Day在母亲节15. give their mothers presents给他们的母亲礼物16. on the second Sunday of May在五月的第二个星期日17.talk about the presents for mum谈论给妈妈的礼物18.a good idea一个好主意19.Happy Father’s Day 父亲节快乐20.my favourite festival我最喜爱的节日21.sing songs to me唱歌给我听22.on 31st October在十月31号23.dress up装扮24.knock on people’s doors敲人们的门25.Trick or treat?不招待就使坏。

中国节日的英文名，考试常考，背了就拿分！
中国节日有很多，你知道用英文怎么说吗？这些节日考试经常出现哦！
元旦 New Year's Day
情人节 Valentine's Day
国际妇女节 International Women's Day
植树节 Tree Planting Day
愚人节 April Fools' Day
国际劳动日 International Labor Day
中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day
中国共产党成立纪念日Anniversary of
the Founding of the Communist Party of
China
建军节 Army Day
国庆节 National Day
教师节 Teachers' Day
万圣节 Halloween
母亲节 Mother's Day
春节 Spring Festival
元宵节 Lantern Festival
端午节 the Dragon-Boat Festival 七夕节 Double-Seventh Day
中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival
重阳节 Double Ninth Festival
腊八节 Laba Festival
节日的英文名不仅在英语阅读，听力，作文中会经常出现，而且在日常生活中也是很有用的呢！赶紧学起来吧！。

牛津3B Unit11 a good idea教学设计Text book Fun with English 3B Unit 11 Title A good idea Period 2 Aims 1.To provide students with basic language to ask other people what do they do at leisure time. 2.Review sport words; learn to say the 4 words correctly: cilmbing, skating, skiing, rowing. ing 鈥淟et鈥檚go 鈥︹€?and 鈥淭hat鈥檚a good idea鈥?to make sentences correctly. 4.To cultivate their interest of learning English and the consciousness of communicating in English. Main points and difficult points 1. Sentence: Let鈥檚go 鈥?That鈥檚a good idea. 2. Part A Look and say 3. Do a survey Aids Pictures, tape recorder, balls Period Two: Step 1: free talk 1) T: How are you? Ss: I鈥檓happy. 2) T: What鈥檚the weather like today? Ss: It鈥檚sunny day. Ss: It鈥檚warm. T: Yes, spring is coming. How beautiful it is! You see, there are many pretty __flowers___and green __trees.__ Where is it? Ss: Park. T: Let鈥檚go to the park. Ss: Ok. Let鈥檚go. T: Now, follow me! (sing the song) Step 2 words reviewing and teaching. 1.1) I like this park very much. Look, there is a nice lake in the park. The water is clean. Please guess: What do you like doing ? I like鈥?help students answer the question using this sentences pattern) S1: I like swimming. T: Do you like swimming? Ss: Yes, I do. (swimming , swimming, I like swimming) T: What do you like? (Point to the lake) S2: I like fishing. (fishing, fishing, I like fishing) Ss: What do you like? T: I like rowing. (鏉夸功) 2) first look at my mouth, then read after me. 3) train, train go go go. 2. And I also like climbing in spring. (鏉夸功) (PPT show the hill) 1) read the words by climb the ladders. 2) T carries the bag and say: Do you like climbing, If Ss say 鈥測es鈥?T says: let鈥檚go climbing. Give the bag to S1. S1: Let 鈥檚go climbing. T: Help them say: Good idea. ( write the title on the Bb) At the same time, we learn That鈥檚a good idea. Read several times and practice. 3.1) Oh, season changes quick. I feel very cold. Now we are in winter. Everything turns towhite.(T acts cold.) (PPT shows) The lake is frozen. Can you guess what I like doing in winter? Ss: Do you like swimming? T: Absolutely not. It鈥檚too cold, I鈥檓not strong enough. Ss: Do you like running? T: Yes, I do. But not on the frozen lake, it鈥檚dangerous. T: I鈥檒l tell you, I like skating. (鏉夸功) 2) first look at my mouth, then read after me. 3) T reads loudly, you read lowly. 4锛塂o you like skating? Ss: Yes, I do. T: Ok, let鈥檚go skating. (鏉夸功) 2锛?look at the hill, the hill is covered by the snow. T: Let鈥檚go skiing. Boys read, girls read. Group one, two, three read.Step 3 practice: 1) 4 pictures: Missing game. (the show the missing picture) T: Do you like鈥? (ask individuals) Ss: Yes, I do. T: Let鈥檚go 鈥?Ss: Good idea./That鈥檚a good idea. (Do you like et鈥檚go鈥?鐒跺悗澶у2) Say and act: Ask one of them to come to the front and let her/him choose one picture(鎴栬€呮槸鍐) then act. Others ask like this? Ss: Do you like鈥? (according to his/her action) S1: Yes, I do. No, I don鈥檛. Ss: Let鈥檚go鈥?What do you like? S1: Good idea./ That鈥檚a good idea. I like鈥? T: That鈥檚a good idea. (鏉夸功) Let 鈥檚go鈥?Good idea. 鈥?Work in pairs.Step 4 presentation Now you know Miss He likes鈥?and I know you like鈥?next let鈥檚see what David likes doing. Watch carefully. 1) listen and watch. Listen to the tape with a guiding question Q1: Does David like swimming? What does David like? Ss: Yes, he does. Q2: What are they going to do? Ss: They are going to swimming. 2) 3) Read along the video with the subtitle. 4) Read the words together. 5) Listen and imitate Practice with partner. Step5 do a survey swimming running jogging climbing fishing skating skiing rowing father mother grandpa grandma Friend (鐜板湪璇惧爞family members ) Make dialogues according to the survey. Eg. S1: Do you like鈥? S2: Yes, I do. / No, I don鈥檛. S3: What do you like? S4: I like 鈥?Unit 11 A good idea Let鈥檚go 鈥?That鈥檚 a good idea.Resources Reference book Postscript。

2024年五年级英语时态的混合使用单选题30题1.I _____ my homework yesterday.A.doB.doesC.didD.doing答案：C。

“yesterday”表明是过去的时间，要用一般过去时，did 是do 的过去式。

A 和B 选项都是一般现在时，D 选项doing 不能单独作谓语。

2.She _____ to school every day.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going答案：B。

“every day”表明是一般现在时，主语she 是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用goes。

A 选项go 用于第一、二人称和复数，C 选项went 是过去式，D 选项going 不能单独作谓语。

3.We _____ a picnic last weekend.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having答案：C。

“last weekend”表明是过去的时间，要用一般过去时，had 是have 的过去式。

A 和 B 选项都是一般现在时，D 选项having 不能单独作谓语。

4.My brother _____ football now.A.playB.playsC.playedD.is playing答案：D。

“now”表明是现在进行时，be 动词+动词的现在分词，is playing 符合。

A 和B 选项是一般现在时，C 选项是过去式。

5.I _____ to the park yesterday.A.goB.goesC.wentD.will go答案：C。

“yesterday”表明是过去的时间，要用一般过去时，went 是go 的过去式。

A 和B 选项是一般现在时，D 选项will go 是一般将来时。

6.She _____ her room every Sunday.A.cleanB.cleansC.cleanedD.is cleaning答案：B。

“every Sunday”表明是一般现在时，主语she 是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用cleans。

UN(China)Clara&WollenceBack ground:China, located in east Asia,is the second lagest country in the word.In mainland,Chinese goverment established the people's congress system. China has a colorful folk culture,with 56 different nations in the mainland.Chinese major environmental problems are the lack of water and air pollution. Up to the year 2010, the GDP of China more than $7.2 trillion, has become the second economic power in the world. However,the per capita gross national product(GNP) is only the 89th in the world.China's position in the world is volatile. China has not been impacted much of he financial crisis and still maintain the basic balance of the world economy. However,some countries such as Japan often have collision abhout the territory with China. China has a very good relationship with Pakistan, Korea, myanmar.Russiais China鈥檚 Strategic partnership.The relationship is not very good between China and South Korea, Indonesia,especially with Japan.China adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace, willing to establish and develop friendly relations and cooperation with all countries.Problem 1:the air pollutionthe situation in China:The current atmospheric pollution situation is still very serious in our country. Total suspended particulate matter in the urban atmospheric environment is out of limit; Sulfur dioxide pollution has been at a higher level; Motor vehicle exhaust pollutant emissions increased rapidly.1. Sulfur dioxide.Coal consumption continues to increase, the resulting sulfur dioxide emissions rising sharply. In all kinds of emission source, power plants and industrial boilers emissions accounted for 70%.By expanding scope of acid rain pollution, caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide has been extended to most of the south of the Yangtze river, east of the qinghai-tibet plateau region. The annual average precipitation pH below 5.6 for a threshold effect of acid rain area have accounted for about 30% of the area of the country.2. The smoke and dust.Smoke's main emission source is coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers, as a result of the local power plants use most of the inefficient precipitator, so the soot emissions are generally 5 to 10 times of national large power plant.3. Motor vehicle exhaust pollution.Driven by economic growth, increase of motor vehicles in our country is rapid in recent years, especially in some big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and others鈥?motor vehicle growth rate is far higher than the national average. Auto emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions rise year by year. Because of the densely populated city, traffic is relatively large, motor vehicle exhaust pollution in the proportion of urban air pollution is also rising.the solution of China:Taking actions to improve the air pollution is essential. The prevention and control of atmospheric pollution hazard and management way is various, here is the main method is introduced.(1). Reasonable industrial layout is important.This could facilitate the spread of pollutants and plant between each other can reuse the exhaust gas, reducing exhaust emissions.(2). Changing the fuel is also a good solution.For example,the development of urban industrial and civil coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas, low sulphur fuel and new energy (solar, wind, geothermal, etc.).To promote mining, to remove most of the sulfur in coal.(3). Automobile emissions should be reduced. The main way is to change the engine combustion design and improve the quality of the oil burning, which strengthen traffic management.(4). Chimney dust need to be solved better.The technology of controling the sulfur dioxide in flue gas should be used more widely.Problem 2:decreasing number of fish in the oceanthe situation in China:Recent years,the number of Catches in the east sea of China about 6 million tons. It seems that fishery resources is increasing. However, there are problems which are hidden.With resource development efforts of the blind increase, these important economic and big species gradually reduced. 1970s, the main species caught offshore in lower economic value, including the types of horse-faced puffer, Pacific herring and so on. Since the 1980s, small pelagic fish gradually replaced the traditional groundfish fishing became the main target. Bohai Sea fishery resources survey in 1992 showed that crustaceans and animal production decreased by 39 percent 10 years ago, compared with the average weight of fish spawning 30 percent only 10 years ago. Perch, shrimp, crab and other economically important fishery resource biomass yield of 29% just 10 years ago. Besides,the fish species decreased significantly. The overall situation is not very good.We are losing the fishery resources.The reason is that the ocean have be put in too much waste water and polluted.For instance,the oil pollution in China's coastal is really serious. The oil is one of the largest pollutants.The oil pollution do great harm to the marine biological resources.The oil could form a thin film oil in the water easily, causing a widespread phenomenon of lack of oxygen.The oil film can stick to a large number of fish eggs and larvae, making them dead from suffocation.It can also make eggs and larvae deformed.This kind of pollution leads to that fish and shellfish accumulating certain carcinogens.the solution of China:1.The government should build more policy about protecting fisheries.And,the government should make sure that the policy can be conducted well.2. Implementing a regular fishing time is necessary.Besides,In the fishing moratorium, fishing must be totally banned.3. During the period when the fish are breeding, fishing should be stopped.At the same time,increase the intensity of fish breeding.4. The government can also implement reward for people who keeping fish,and encourage the investment of fish breeding industry.Problem 3:global warmingthe situation in China:Our country think the global warming is serious and we should take measures. At the beginning, let me tell you something that happened in recent years. 銆€銆€n 2008, the south of China suffered from a snowstorm. Our country got huge losses of economy and casualties. Because of it the airplane couldn鈥檛 take off, the crops died, nearly all of the shops were closed, and the electricity was cut off. People 鈥檚 daily life was seriously affected. Some people even can not be together with their family during the holiday.Another story is about the polar bear. As we all know, the glacier was gradually melt.. In 2004, America sciences found 4 polar bears were drown. The polar bear is good at swimming, it is amazing that they were drown. Polar bear is not Aquatic organisms, they need ice to sit on. But the recent years, the ice has melt, the habitat of the polar bear is less and less. Because they couldn鈥檛 find things to eat, some polar bear went to a village, the villager are afraid of going out, and send SOS to the police office.These things all because of the global warming, it is us human beings who causes the global warming. We develop our country without caring about the environment. We pour out high emission of the industry gas and the automobile exhaust which lead to global warming.Our country think the global warming is serious锛宎nd it is our fault. We should take measures to slow down he speed of global warming.slution of China:It is the human beings that cause the global warming, and it is our duty to pay for it. Think about how to be fair, our country think some developed country should reduce the emission firstly. And because they are developed, their economic is better than the developing country. What they have done that affects environment is also more than developing country. So they should do more than us to save the environment and reduce the speed of global warming. The earth is our home, and all of us should do something to protect it, then it doesn鈥檛 mean that us developing country can do everything. We also should decrease the emission, of course, we canemission more than developed country. We hope one day the global warming can under the control, and we can be not so afraid of it.。

五年级英语复习知识点2024五年级英语是一个重要的学习阶段，也是英语学习的基础。

在这个阶段，我们需要掌握并熟练应用一些基本的语法、词汇、术语以及阅读和写作技巧。

本文将从以下几个方面介绍五年级英语的复习知识点。

语法1.一般现在时一般现在时表示习惯性、常规性的动作或状态。

主语为第三人称单数时，动词要加“-s”。

例如：He plays basketball every day.（他每天打篮球。

）2.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。

通常以动词的过去式为标志。

例如：We went to the park yesterday.（我们昨天去了公园。

）3.现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行中的动作。

通常由be动词的现在分词（am/is/are）和动词的现在分词构成。

例如：They are playing soccer now.（他们正在踢足球。

）词汇1.数字数字在日常生活和学习中有着重要的作用。

我们需要掌握基本的数字表达方式。

例如：one（一）、two（二）、three（三）、four（四）、five（五）等。

2.学科词汇五年级涉及到许多学科词汇，例如 math（数学）、science（科学）、history （历史）、geography（地理）等。

我们需要在掌握基本词汇的基础上，进一步了解这些学科的相关知识。

3.动物和植物动物和植物是我们周围的重要生物群体，也是英语学习中不可或缺的词汇。

我们需要掌握动物和植物的名称，并了解它们的特点和习性。

术语1.时间时间是我们日常生活中不可或缺的，也是英语学习中重要的术语。

我们需要掌握如何用英语表达时间，例如：What time is it?（现在几点了？）2.方位方位也是英语学习中需要掌握的一个重要术语。

我们需要了解如何用英语表达方位，例如：The bank is on the left.（银行在左边。

）阅读和写作技巧1.阅读阅读是学习英语的重要途径。

来源：译言网Singles Day: China's online shopping holiday光棍节：中国的网购狂欢节翻译类型：英文翻译—欢迎广大翻译爱好者交流！翻译人员：yangtingyu19902012-11-14英文原文BEIJING (AP) —Lei Shujie, a designer in Shanghai, piled up a wish list for the quirky holiday dubbed "Singles Day" that has grown into China's — and possibly the world's — busiest online shopping day.Clothes, a pillow, a cabinet to give a friend —Lei put off buying until Sunday, when retailers promised discounts of up to 70 percent. "The prices are irresistible," she said.Singles Day was begun by Chinese college students in the 1990s as a version of Valentine's Day for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11, or "11.11" — four singles. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to woo that special someone and end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn it into a major shopping event as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China's answer to Cyber Monday in the United States —the day after Thanksgiving weekend, when online Christmas shopping begins and merchants have their busiest sales day.Companies that rushed to cash in on the holiday ranged from Alibaba Group, operator of China's biggest e-commerce platforms, to rival platforms such as 360buy Ltd., mom-and-pop companies that sell online and delivery services."This is very, very big for us," Steve Wang, vice president of and head of website operations, said in a phone interview before sales started.The 50,000-plus merchants on Alibaba's consumer-oriented Taobao and platforms, took in a total of 19.1 billion yuan ($3 billion) from midnight Saturday to midnight Sunday, the company announced early Monday.That would top the total of $1.25 billion that research firm comScore said U.S. online retailers took in last year on Cyber Monday and might make Singles Day the biggest e-commerce sales day on record.The spending binge will be welcome news for communist leaders who want to shift the basis of growth in the world's second-largest economy from trade and investment to consumer spending and service industries. Weak global demand for Chinese exports has added to the urgency of ramping up domestic consumption.China has the world's biggest population of Internet users, with 538 million people online. Its population of online shoppers also is the biggest at 193 million, versus 170 million for the United States, according to Boston Consulting Group. It trails the U.S. and Japan in online spending but,despite average incomes less than one-tenth the American level, is forecast to rise to first place as early as 2015.The Communist Party's latest five-year development plan calls for more than quadrupling annual e-commerce volume from 2010 levels to 18 trillion yuan ($2.9 trillion) by 2015. The party tries to block access to online material deemed subversive or pornographic but promotes Web use for business and education."The Internet today in China is similar to television in the 1960s and '70s in the West — the place where consumers congregate and companies need to locate," Boston Consulting Group said in an April report.Alibaba, founded by a former English teacher, Jack Ma, grew into one of the world's biggest e-commerce players by linking Chinese suppliers with Western manufacturers and retailers. It branched into consumer sales with the 2003 launch of Taobao, which operates . Alibaba also operates China's biggest online payment system, Alipay. accounted for 45.1 percent of business-to-consumer online sales in China in the three months ending in September, according to Analysys International, a research firm in Beijing. 360buy was in second place with 17.4 percent. Boston Consulting Group said more products were sold through Taobao in 2010 —about 48,000 per minute —than at China's top five bricks-and-mortar retailers combined."Alibaba has so many assets that they can integrate that it's hard to compete with them," said Mark Natkin, managing director of Marbridge Consulting, a technology consulting firm in Beijing.Other rivals include clothing retailer , bookseller , Inc.'s joint venture with a Chinese partner, and traditional retailers such as consumer electronics chain Suning Ltd. that have expanded online. Walmart Stores Inc., which operates 340 outlets in China, boosted its online presence last month by expanding its stake in online retailer Yihaodian to a controlling 51 percent.In addition to its e-commerce platform used by other merchants, 360buy also is China's biggest online retailer, selling consumer electronics and other goods directly to customers.The source of Singles Day's rise as China's online shopping day is a matter of debate by Chinese commentators and industry analysts.Some cite demographics and timing: University graduates who adopted the holiday earn more and shop online. Singles Day comes as people receive monthly paychecks and need to buy winter clothes. Unlike other events such as the Lunar New Year, China's biggest family holiday, it involves few other expenses such as travel or banquets, leaving more money for gifts.And there is the romantic angle that might prompt shoppers to open their wallets."This is about giving a gift that will woo that perfect someone," Natkin said. "If you play your cards right, you only need to make that purchase once."Lei, the Shanghai designer, wound up buying only the pillow from her shopping list for 118 yuan ($18) because other discounts weren't as big as she hoped."I will wait to see if I can get them later," she said.Companies began preparing for Sunday months in advance.At its headquarters in Hangzhou, southwest of Shanghai, Alibaba set up 200 lounge chairs for its 800-strong staff to rest during the day. The company rented 180 rooms at nearby hotels for longer breaks.On , called Tian Mao, or "Sky Cat," in Chinese, goods ranged from clothes, books and furniture to discounts on restaurant meals and travel packages. An auto dealer in the southern city of Shangrao offered 23 percent off BMW 3-series luxury cars ordered Sunday.China's delivery companies had 800,000 employees working Sunday, including 65,000 temporary workers hired for the holiday, the China Daily newspaper said, citing the country's delivery industry association.One of the biggest, YTO Express Co. Ltd. in Shanghai, planned to have 30,000 vehicles on the road, the newspaper said, and expanded its daily handling capacity by 50 percent to 6 million packages for the day.英文翻译成中文北京（美联社）——雷舒洁是上海的一位设计师。