主旨观点型题目特点及解题技巧

言语理解与表达：主旨观点型题目特点及解题技巧主旨归纳是公务员考试阅读理解中最常见的一个考点，与之对应的题型则是主旨观点型题目。

它主要考查考生对文段整体的把握能力，包括归纳文段的中心、主旨，判断作者的态度、观点等。

一、主旨观点型题目的题型特点（一）材料特点主旨观点型题目的材料来源以主流媒体的时评性文章为主，截取的段落一般具有相对独立性，脱离了文章的语境依然可以表达完整的含义。

其中比较典型的情况是截取其中一个小标题下的一段文字，或是删去起提示作用的首句或末句的一段文字。

中公教育专家建议考生在做题过程中可联系选材上的这一特点，对文段所处的上下文展开合理想象，以帮助确定答案。

（二）提问方式特点主旨观点型题目的提问方式灵活，常见的有“这段文字的主旨是”、“这段文字意在说明”、“这段文字旨在阐明”、“这段文字的核心观点是”、“对这段文字概括最准确的是”、“这段文字意在强调”等。

无论以何种方式提问，此类题型的核心考点都是考查考生对文段整体的把握能力。

二、主旨观点型题目中的关键信息中公教育专家经过多年公务员考试研究发现，在阅读主旨观点型题目材料过程中，当遇到首尾句、关联词语和高频词语时，考生应当重点关注，这会对做题有重要帮助。

首尾句常是文段的中心句，正确答案常是对此句的转化。

关联词语常能帮助考生理清文段的结构脉络，提示文段的重点。

公务员考试中常见的关联词语主要有转折、因果、递进、条件、假设、并列六种。

高频词语具有提示文段论述主题的作用，正确答案通常应包含这一内容。

三、主旨观点型题目的解题技巧（一）锁定特定字眼找主旨主旨观点型题目的答案通常具有一定深度，基于此特点，锁定材料或选项中包含特定字眼的句子或选项，便能在最短时间内初步确定答案。

这一技巧对于分秒必争的公务员考试而言尤为重要。

此类特定字眼有：“务必”、“亟待”、“应（该）”、“必须”、“需要”、“要”、“最重要的是”等。

（二）依据论述对象找主旨论述对象指的是文段展开所围绕的中心话题。

行测言语理解技巧：主旨观点题解题技巧公务员行测考试主要是考量大家的数学推理能力和逻辑分析能力，下面由小编为你精心准备了“行测言语理解技巧：主旨观点题解题技巧”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯！行测言语理解技巧：主旨观点题解题技巧在公务员考试行测当中，言语理解的主旨观点提示必考题型，而其他所占的题量比较大。

相对于言语理解当中的其他题目，主旨观点类的题目，它的难度并不高，是我们拿分的关键。

那现在就跟大家分享一下主旨观点类题目的一些解题技巧。

一、关注关键词1、关联词：表转折、因果、递进、假设、条件的关联词(eg：因此，虽然/但是，因为/所以，不但/而且，只要/如果，只有/才等)2、指代词：这、那、其、此3、引出作者观点或文段重点的词语：总之、在我看来、认为、要求、应该例题：虚拟博物馆兴起于上世纪90年代，相比实体博物馆，虚拟博物馆可以展示所有的藏品.观众无需与藏品保持距离，只需轻点鼠标就可以从不同方位看到作品，并实现人机交互。

因此不少人担心实体博物馆会逐渐失去魅力。

而事实恰恰是，通过数字化的影响，人们了解到那些原作，便更想走进实体博物馆接触它们。

这段文字意在强调：A.虚拟博物馆与实体博物馆并不存在冲突B.虚拟博物馆使艺术传播的途径更加简单C.复制作品不能取代原作给人的心灵震撼D.博物馆虚拟化能极大实现艺术教育功能【答案】A。

解析:“而事实恰恰是”是典型的表转折的短句，转折之后是重点。

文段先叙述不少人担心实体博物馆会逐渐失去魅力，然后通过“而事实恰恰是”进行了转折，因此文段的重点强调“通过数字化的复制，人们……更想走进实体博物馆接触它们”，即虚拟博物馆可以对实体博物馆的发展形成促进作用，以此来纠正虚拟博物馆的出现让实体博物馆“逐渐失去魅力”的观点。

即作者意在说明虚拟博物馆与实体博物馆并不存在冲突。

B项突出虚拟博物馆的一个作用，但没有涉及虚拟博物馆对实体博物馆的影响;C项偏离文意，文段重点不是论述复制作品带来的心灵体验;D项指出虚拟博物馆的教育功能，但未能突出对实体博物馆的促进作用。

三支一扶行测备考言语理解：主旨观点题的解题技巧言语理解与表达这部分题目是各位考生初步了解省考时最熟悉的题目类型，然而深入接触后发现最熟悉的题目如今变成了“最熟悉的陌生人”。

部分考生做题时会感觉某个选项是正确的，但是具体分析之后发现主观的理解与题目本身的意思相去甚远，于是陷入深深的迷惑中难以自拔。

那么在面对这样的困境时改如何去化解呢，今天中公教育专家就以主旨观点题为例携手各位考生一起攻克言语难题。

一、主旨观点之主题词各位考生在面对主旨观点题目时常常会有“我怎么知道作者想表达什么意思”，“我怎么知道出题人怎么想的”这样的困惑。

其实有这样的困惑也是正常的，那怎么去解决呢?今天给大家提供一个非常好的技巧和方法。

其实作者写文章时都会围绕一个主题来阐述，各位考生在做题时只要能够通过高频词和关键句中的论述对象两个方法抓住体现文段核心内容的主题词，那将会事半功倍。

【例】写作事实上不但是为了向外发表，贡献社会，同时也是研究工作的最后阶段，而且是最重要、最严肃的阶段。

不形成文章，根本就没有完成研究工作，学问也没有成熟。

常有人说“某人学问极好，可惜不写作”，事实上，此话大有问题。

某人可能学识丰富，也有见解，但不写作文，他的学问就只停留在简单看法的阶段，没有经过严肃的思考与整理，就不可能真正是系统的。

这段文字主要强调了( )A.论文写作的重要性B科学研究的首要目的C.研究工作的评价标准D.知识与实践的内在【中公解析】A。

文段第一句话指出“写作是研究工作最重要、最严肃的阶段”;后接着以反面论证的说明“形成文章”的重要性;而后以“常有人说”进行举例，说明“形成文章”的重要性。

由此可知，整段文字的主体说的都是“写作”，根据主题词可排除B、C、D三项。

故本题答案为A选项。

此题分析完文段发现文章中的主题词为“写作”，而只有A项有主题词，则可快速确定答案，不必详细分析其它无主题词选项。

主题词是非常有效的方法，各位考生在做题时可以通过锁定主题词的方法，快速解题。

行测答题技巧：主旨观点题的选项特点分析行测科目中的主旨观点题旨在考察学生对于文段的中心、主旨的归纳能力以及对于作者的态度和观点的判断能力。

中公教育专家王海旭将针对此类题型中的正确选项和错误选项的特点进行介绍，但是不建议学生不读题目直接运用如下特点，这些特点只在阅读文断后选项间对比时起到节约时间的作用，一些特殊情况还要结合题目做具体分析。

一、正确答案的特点1.全面。

前文已经提到过此类题目考察学生的归纳概括能力，如果文段中出现两个以上的描述对象，而选项中只提及其一，大多是错误选项。

例题一：领导干部读书学习也应该有这三种境界：首先，要有“望尽天涯路”那样志存高远的追求，有耐得住“昨夜西风凋碧树”的清冷和“独上高楼”的寂寞，静下心来通读苦读;其次，要勤奋努力，刻苦钻研，舍得付出，百折不挠，下真功夫、苦功夫、细功夫，即使是“衣带渐宽”也“终不悔”，“人憔悴”也心甘情愿;再次，要坚持独立思考，学用结合，学有所悟，用有所得，要在学习和实践中“众里寻他千百度”，最终“蓦然回首”，在“灯火阑珊处”领悟真谛。

下列表述最能概括上述文字内容的是( )。

A.读书要有明确的目标和坚持的恒心B.读书要和实践相结合C.读书要讲究方法和技巧D.要爱看书、勤读书和善读书【答案】D。

解析：通过文段中“首先”、“其次”、“最终”的论述说明文段包含并列的三部分，所以答案应该是对这三部分的概括。

选项A、B、C分别是对其中一个要素的概括。

D选项中的“爱读书”、“勤读书”、“善读书”则分别对应文段三个分论点，故D为正确选项。

以上例题是对三个分论点的简单概括。

而有些题目中可能论述了两个分论点，主旨是在探讨两个描述对象之间的关系，这是如果只是看到其一或者对两个描述对象进行简单概括则是不可取的。

例题二：20世纪60年代以前，世界各国普遍重视防洪的工程建设，即通过修建大坝、水库等水利设施对洪水进行控制。

但在60年代以后，世界各国在防洪规划中越来越重视非工程措施的运用，即通过洪水预警、灾情评估、洪灾保险等多种手段，结合各种工程措施，从而尽可能减少洪灾对人类经济、环境和社会发展的影响。

行测片段阅读主旨观点题解题技巧在行测文科方向，言语理解与表达是十分重要的一大类题型，不仅题量较多，学生做题的正确率也较低。

其中主旨观点题出题频率较高，题量考察较多，是片段阅读的得分项。

因此掌握此类题型的解题要点十分重要。

学生要在自己练习的过程中熟练掌握并运用，相信可以做好主旨观点类的题。

所以中公网校专家根据今年考试形式，给各位考生们一些建议，希望对大家有帮助。

1.运用各种常见文段解题：根据历年考题的总结，主旨观点题有很多常见的文段类型，包括转折文段，总分文段，分总文段，并列文段等。

每一种文段都可以快速确定文章的主旨，进而找出主旨观点。

分总文段可以根据总结词词来判断文段，总结词包括因此，故，总之等标志词，也可以通过文段的内容来判断。

知道该文段是分总文段，可知重点内容也就是主旨观点应为总句，对总局进行同意转述可以快速锁定答案。

【例1】2015年,全球工业机器人销量为24.8万台，同比增长12%，其中中国工业机器人全年销量累计6.67万台，占全球工业机器人市场份额超过1/4。

这是继2013年我国超过日本成为全球第一大工业机器人消费市场以来，连续3年占据全球第一的位置。

在日前召开的2016世界机器人大会上，国际机器人联合会(IFR)发布的统计数字也显示，中国是全球增长最快的工业机器人市场，从2010年到2016年，中国工业机器人的总供给量年均增长速度约为40%。

这段文字主要说明的观点是：A.中国的工业机器人市场全球增长最快B.中国成为世界第一大工业机器人市场C.中国工业机器人市场连续3年超过日本D.中国工业机器人市场份额大于日本【中公解析】B。

解析：文段首先介绍了2015年中国工业机器人市场份额增大，并继2013年超过日本后连续3年成为全球第一大工业机器人市场，进而通过2016年国际机器人联合会数据揭示，中国是全球增长最快的工业机器人市场，故作者主要想说明的是分总后的结果，应该选择A项。

C、D项和日本比较不是最终的目的，而B 项也是为了说明现在中国增长快的现状，故均非文段重点，排除。

阅读理解中的主旨题与详细题技巧阅读理解是许多考试中都会出现的题型，主要测试考生对文章内容的理解和把握能力。

而在阅读理解中，主旨题和详细题是两个常见的题型。

本文将就主旨题和详细题的技巧进行探讨，以帮助读者更好地解答这些题目。

一、主旨题技巧主旨题是阅读理解中的重要组成部分，要求考生从文章中抓住重点，准确找出文章的中心思想。

以下是一些解答主旨题的技巧：1.审题准确：阅读题目时，要细致观察题目表达的关键词，包括但不限于“主要观点是”、“主要目的是”、“本文主要讨论”等词语提示。

正确理解题目的要求，才能有效地找到文章的中心思想。

2.略读全文：在回答主旨题之前，首先快速浏览全文，把握文章的结构，并且注意标题、首段和尾段的内容，这些地方通常能给出作者的中心观点。

3.追求总结：有时候文章会通过提出问题、列举实例或者使用比较对比等方式来进一步阐述观点，考生需要通过理解文章的逻辑关系，将这些细节进行总结，找出作者的核心观点。

4.排除干扰项：注意对比文章中的一些细节和观点是否与题目不符，排除与文章无关的选项，将选择范围缩小，提高答题准确率。

二、详细题技巧详细题要求考生理解文章中的具体细节，通常需要较长的语句或段落进行解答。

以下是一些解答详细题的技巧：1.读清题意：注意题目中的具体要求，例如“根据第二段的内容回答问题”或者“根据作者对某个现象的描述选择最佳选项”。

确保理解题目的要求，帮助准确找到信息。

2.细读相关段落：对于详细题，通常需要仔细阅读与问题有关的段落或者句子，理解其中的具体细节，包括数字、时间、地点、人物等信息。

3.注意词语的意义：有时候题目中会涉及到特定词语或短语的含义，考生需要在阅读文章时留意这些词语，理解其在文章中的具体意思。

4.排除干扰项：与主旨题类似，详细题也需要排除与文章无关或与题目要求不符的选项，提高答题准确率。

总结：阅读理解中的主旨题和详细题是考生常见的题型，通过掌握解答技巧，可以提高解题效率和准确度。

公务员考试主旨观点型题目解题技巧
1.解题原则：概括要全面
概括要全面指的是要全面概括文段的“要点”。

一般情况，材料在论述时出现了几个要点，正确选项就应该体现几个要点，要点不全的多为错误选项。

例题：领导干部读书学习也应该有这三种境界：首先，要有“望尽天涯路”那样志存高远的追求，有耐得住“昨夜西风凋碧树”的清冷和“独上高楼”的寂寞，静下心来通读苦读；其次，要勤奋努力，刻苦钻研，舍得付出，百折不挠，下真功夫、苦功夫、细功夫，即使是“衣带渐宽”也“终不悔”，“人憔悴”也心甘情愿；再次，要坚持独立思考，学用结合，学有所悟，用有所得，要在学习和实践中“众里寻他千百度”，最终“蓦然回首”，在“灯火阑珊处”领悟真谛。

下列表述最能概括上述文字内容的是( )。

A.读书要有明确的目标和坚持的恒心
B.读书要和实践相结合
C.读书要讲究方法和技巧
D.要爱看书、勤读书和善读书
解析：此题答案为D。

文段讲了读书的三种境界：首先，要耐得住清冷与寂寞，能静下心来通读苦读，即要爱读书；其次，要“勤奋努力、刻苦钻研”，即要勤读书；再次，要讲究方法和技巧，即要善读书。

A、B、C三项都只是三种境界中的某一种，只有D项全面地概括了所有境界。

名师点评：即使不细看文段，仅从“三种境界”、“首先”、“其次”、“再次”这几个词语也可得知，文段论述了三个要点，根据“概括要全面”的解题原则。

可知正确选项应该体现三个要点。

四个选项中只有。

主旨类题目答题技巧
1. 嘿，先得把题目看清楚咯！就像找宝藏一样，得知道宝藏在哪里呀！比如说，“你觉得幸福是什么”，那咱就得抓住“幸福”这个关键词，可别跑题啦！
2. 别着急回答啊，要好好思考一下！这就好比做菜，得慢慢琢磨放什么调料味道才好。

像“说说你最喜欢的季节”，那就得在脑子里过上一遍四季的样子再回答呀。

3. 把自己的想法有条理地说出来呀！好比整理房间，得把东西都摆整齐咯。

比如“谈谈你的梦想”，那就得清楚地说出梦想是什么，怎么去实现。

4. 多用点具体例子呀，这样才生动呢！就像画画，有了具体的细节才好看。

像“描述一下你遇到过的困难”，可别光说个困难的名字就完啦，说点具体经历会更吸引人哦！
5. 注意语言表达呀，别太生硬啦！像是走路，得自然流畅呀。

“说说对某件事的看法”，得用让人听起来舒服的方式表达自己的观点。

6. 最后检查一遍呀，可别有错别字或语病！这就类似出门前照照镜子，整理整理形象。

做到这些，你回答主旨类题目的技巧不就大大提升啦！
我的观点结论就是，只要按照这些方法去做，大家在答主旨类题目时就能更加得心应手啦！。

国家公务员考试主旨观点题技巧国家公务员考试主旨观点题技巧(精选3篇)国家公务员考试主旨观点题技巧精选篇1主旨观点题主要考察大家阅读理解的能力，包括：①概括归纳阅读材料的中心、主旨;②判断作者的态度、意图、倾向、目的。

因此，我们在做主旨观点题目时，一定要培养耐心阅读和用自己的话去归纳概括的习惯。

另外，想要做对题目，选项的分析也是必不可少的。

接下来，我们通过一道题目来感受一下：【例】很多人觉得，只要孩子听力没问题，掌握母语是一件自然而然的事情。

到了学龄阶段，则以为孩子的语言学习和教育交给学校和老师就可以了。

事实上，认为学校能解决一切问题恐怕只是家长的一厢情愿，家庭才是孩子语言能力形成的最初场所，也是最重要场所。

在博纳德·斯波斯基语言实践、语言管理和语言意识的三维理论框架下，尤其是面对复杂的多语言环境，家长的语言意识显得异常重要。

费什曼认为，家庭是母语代际传递、连接、使用和稳定的基础。

已有研究显示，传承语或者双语能力的保持更多依赖家庭，而不是学校;而如果没有家庭支持，学校语言政策的效果也难以保证。

这段文字意在强调：A.家庭语言教育具有重要意义B.母语学习不能“自然而然”C.家庭是母语学习的最佳场所D.家长支持是语言学习的前提【答案】A。

解析：第一步，阅读材料。

文段开篇说到了大多数人的观点，认为孩子掌握母语是自然而然的事，且语言学习和教育交给学校和老师就可以了。

通过事实上反驳了大多数人的观点，认为学校能解决一切问题只是家长的一厢情愿。

紧接着，作者表达了自己的观点，家庭才是孩子语言能力形成的最初和最重要的场所。

后文通过博纳德、费什曼的观点和已有的研究，进一步佐证了事实上之后的内容。

因此，文段重点是转折之后作者表达观点的内容。

第二步，用自己的语言概括一下。

文段强调了家庭对孩子语言能力形成的重要性。

第三步，分析选项。

A项对应文段重点部分，且与概括的重点内容含义相近，可以保留。

B项对应转折前后两句话，先说大多数人认为母语学习可以自然而然，转折之后说这是家长的一厢情愿。

主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题（topic、subject、main idea、general idea）型和标题（title）型两类。

在确定文章的标题(title)的时候，我们要以文章的中心为依托。

但应注意的是，中心大意不完全等同于标题。

文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明，而且通常是名词或名词短语。

一. 正确选项的特点(1)标题概括类题目：体现概括性，（最大程度上覆盖全文）;针对性(标题不能过大或过小);醒目性(可吸引读者)(2)中心思想类题目：体现全面性，避免以偏概全；(3)段落大意类题目：体现针对性，避免张冠李戴。

二. 干扰项的特点1. 以偏概全。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 断章取义。

干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

3. 主题扩大。

干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

4. 张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。

考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

5. 无中生有，似是而非。

有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

三、解题技巧(1) 主题句在开头.模式:总---分----分,即开门见山. 新闻报道,说明文,议论文常用此方式.(2) 主题句在末尾. 模式: 分---分---总,即先摆事实,后作结论.(3) 主题句在中间. 模式: 分---总---分(引言---主题---解析或提问---回答-----解析)(4). 根据首尾抓大意(首尾呼应) 模式: 总---分---总(5) 无住题句,归纳各段要点抓大意..(6) 找高频词.四、实例分析实例分析1：Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yoursel f first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thou ghts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll upyour sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If y ou think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remembe r, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat (拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!（2008年广东卷阅读理解B 篇）49. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success.B. How to face challenges in your life.C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities.实例分析2：Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discover y could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.（2008年全国卷阅读理解D篇）56. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Codeine: A New MedicineB. Chocolate May Cure CoughsC. Cough Treatment: A Hard CaseD. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs实例分析3：Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor”help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.…There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy.While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it’s started, it’s easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.（2007年广东卷阅读B篇）50．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A．How to Live Truthfully B．Importance of Peacefulness C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect D．Happiness through Honorable Actions 实例分析4：He’s an old cobbler (修鞋匠) with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris……When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend…above all, his pride in his craft.These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”, when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption(消费) rather than a way to realize their own abilities. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.（2006年广东卷阅读B篇）63．This story wants to tell us that _________.A．craftsmen make a lot of money B．whatever you do, do it well C．craftsmen need self-respect D．people are born equal实例分析5：How many people have I met who have told me about the book they have been planning to write but have never yet found the time? Far too many.This is Life, all right, but we do treat it like a rehearsal (排演) and, unhappily, we do miss so many of its best moments.…（2006年广东卷阅读D篇）68．The first paragraph of the passage tells us that _______.A．we always try to find some time to write a bookB．we always make plans but seldom fulfill themC．we always enjoy many of life’s best momentsD．we always do what we really want to do学以致用（一）(1)Albert Einstein who made great contributions to people, was regarded as one of the greatest scientists in the world.Once there was a young man who disliked doing anything but wanted to be successful. He asked Einstein to tell him the secret of success: Einstein wrote him a formula: A=X+Y+Z. Seeing this, the young man got puzzled. So he had to ask what it meant. Einstein explained it to him, “A stands for success and X stands for the proper way and Y, hard work…” “And what about Z”? The young man asked anxiously, expecting to get what he wanted. “Z stands for less empty talk and more hard work..”Answered Einstein slowly. On hearing these, the young man slipped away, feeling ashamed of himself.The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ___________.A．Albert Einstein B．one of the greatest scientistsC．the secret of success D．a young man(2)As a human being you may have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life.You may approach life with the philosophy of the vegetable, in which case your life will consist in being born, eating, drinking, sleeping, mating, growing old, and dying.The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business. A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business, and they arrange, their conducts and behavior accordingly. If you believe that life is a business your firstquestion of life, naturally, is “What do I get out of it?” and your first reaction to any new experience is ,”How much is this worth to me?” In a word, based on this attitude, happiness becomes a matter of successful competition.The great majority of human beings today look at life as if it were a business. Their basic philosophy is one of competition and efficiency.The third attitude toward life is the approach of the artist. Here the basic philosophy is “What can I put into it?”, and the basic relation of the individual to his fellow-men is one of co-operation and common sense. This point of view has been proved by history; for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their fellow-men. The more we investigate and the more we learn about living the more we become convinced that the artistic attitude is the only one which is consistent with human happiness.What’s the main idea of the passage?A．You may have three attitudes to life.B．You may approach life with the philosophy.C．The attitude toward life is the approach of the artist.D．Happiness becomes a matter of successful competition.(3)As we proceed through life, we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation required us to behave in different ways. We may be faced with a large project which, in order to be accomplished efficiently, demands the cooperation of each person. In this instance, we must be flexible, supportive, and be willing to compromise. Each person is only a small part of a much large machine.Being competitive also plays a role in life. The desire to succeed and do better than others inspires us to work harder. If there was no competition a sports meet would never be exciting and successful; we could never have champions.To succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to know when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?A．We must learn when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.B．To succeed in life, we must learn cooperation.C．Each person is only a small part of a much large machine.D．Being competitive also plays a role in life.(4)On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing the violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was handing on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin ‘s grand entrance for a long time!What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph?A.The roller skates needed further improvement.B.The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D.Merlin got himself into trouble.(5)Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish choose to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without you knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(判断性的) thinking.When you think critically, you take control of you thinking processes. Otherwise you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking oneview against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of the critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen ----- beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters , and facts, you are a critical thinker.Activities of the mind are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banish Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak.But Einstein immediately put Coffman at ease by saying,”Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.”What would be the best title of the passage?A. Thinking and Critical ThinkingB. Thinking is Natural and HumanC. Understanding Critical ThinkingD. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence学以致用（二）(1)Now, it’s important for the managers in a company to understand what their customers want if they are going to develop effective marketing strategies (策略). There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets, for example, is to int erview customers while they’re doing their shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the results of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies.It’s also quite normal for top mana gers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing freely with the public, as if they were ordinary customers, to get an idea of how customers act.Another way to get information from customers is to give them something…it also allows the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers and which age-groups to attract.Another strategy used at some well-known parks such as Disneyland is for top managers to spend at least one day in their work…(安徽)67. The main idea of the text is _________.A. how to do market researchB. how to develop marketing strategiesC. how to find out customers’ social needsD. how to encourage customers to spend more money(2) If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare,” “Samuel Johnson,” and “Webster,” but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English——William the Conqueror.Before 1066, in the land we call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups…But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Norman led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England, for about a century, French became the official language of English while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and law come from French rather than German. Insome cases, modern English even shows a distinction between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo--Saxon in its words…When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.(全国)70. What is the subject discussed in the text?A. The history of Great Britain.B. The similarity between English and French.C. The rule of England by William the Conqueror.D. The French influences on the English language.(3) For centuries, the only form of written correspondence (通信)was the letters were, and are, sent by some form of postal service, the history of which goes back a long way. Indeed, the Egyptians began sending letters from about 2000 BC, as did the Chinese a thousand years later.Of course, modern postal service now are march more developed and faster, depending as they do on cars and planes fore delivery. Yet they are still too slow…The invention of the fax (传真) machine increased the speed of delivering documents even more…The fax service is still very much in use when copies of documents require to be sent, but, as a way of fast correspondence, it has been largely taken the place of by email…There are advantages and disadvantages with emails. If you send some one an email, then he will receive it extremely quickly…However, if you write something by email, which you might later regret, and send it immediately, there is no chance for second thoughts…44. The text mainly deals with_________. (陕西)A. the progress in correspondenceB. the advantage of fax machinesC. the advantage of emailsD. the invention of fax machines(4) [2009年安徽卷]Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.Recite and repeat in conversation.When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips.Ask the other person to recite and repeat.After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you.Admit you don’t know.Most of people will feel sympathy if you say, “I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Another way is to limit yourself tolearning just first names. Last names can come later.Go early.Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you.59. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Tips on an important social skill.B. Importance of attending parties.C. How to make use of associations.D. How to recite and repeat names.(5) [2009年重庆卷]Sir Steven Redgrave, winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals, once said, “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes (糖尿病). Believing my career (职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it—the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”61. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.(6) [2009湖北卷]When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices(装置)tell the time----which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, o thers----apparently including some distinguished men of our time----are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to £250,000 for a piece. …But these days all watches tell the time as we ll as all other watches. …So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?Watches are now classified as “investments”(投资). A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15,000 to £30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a a matter of fashion. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.64. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Timex or Rolex?B. My Childhood TimexC. Watches? Not for Me!D. Watches----a Valuable Collection(7) [2009福建卷]We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while alsohelping our wallets.…Scientists have reported recently that the w orld is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere.We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. . We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household(家庭) produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce?… “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said.Good advice, I thought. We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened. We s hould not let this happen again. It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary.79. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Saving Energy Starts at HomeB. Changing Our Habits Begins at WorkC. Changing Climate Sounds ReasonableD. Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult(8) Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness. (2007广东B)50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. How to Live TruthfullyB. Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respectD. Happiness through Honorable Actions(9 How many people have I met who have told me about the book they have been planning to write but have never yet found the time? Far too many.This is Life…We take jobs to stay alive and provide homes for our families always making ourselves believe that this style of life is merely a temporary state of affairs along the road to what we really want to do. Then, at 60 or 65, we are suddenly presented with a clock and several grandchildren and we look back and realize that all those years waiting for Real Life to come along were in fact real life.In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English：“Have a nice day” they speak slowly and seriously in their shops, hotels and sandwich bars. I think it is awonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment: to value this very day. How often do we say to ourselves, “I’ll take up horse-riding (or golf or sailing) as soon as I get a higher position,” only to do none of those things when I do get the higher position…71. What is probably the best title for the passage? (2006年广东阅读D71)A. Provide Homes For Our FamilyB. Take Up Horse-ridingC. Value This Very DayD. Stay Alive(10) Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?Always give credit….Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world… “Catch people doing something right!” he says. Then tell everyone about it.Take informed risks. “The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,” …But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail…Encourage enthusiasm (热情)….Be enthusiastic yourself --You will be followed by everyone. (2005年广东B 63)63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Leadership Is of Skills and TechniquesB. Leadership Is Very ImportantC. Not Many Can Be LeadersD. How to Be a Leader(11) Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.…The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!67. Which of the following would be the best title for this text?A. Choice of Good ProductsB. Disadvantages of ProductsC. Effect of Packaging on ShoppingD. Brand Names and Shopping Tricks(12) Different cultures emphasize (强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust…Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech inThailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems…People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other…(安徽)75. What would be the best title for the text?A. Multicultural Environment.B. Cross-Cultural Differences.C. How to Understand Each Other.D. How to Build Up a Relationship.13 Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way (银河系)? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach your destination. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut eye. They would have to sleep for years.European researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a spaceflight to distant planets. "If there was an effective technology, it could make deep space travel a reality," said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month.What seems like a science fiction is not completely unlikely. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep like state where they don’t age. They have now moved on to the small, non hibernating mammals (哺乳动物) like rats.A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex. "It’s like moving from a simpl e Apple computer to a supercomputer," said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy’s University of Pavia. Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism (新陈代谢) to lower so they would need less energy.Medical research, however, is just half of a spaceflight hibernation system. There is a challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter. Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor (监控) life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator.According to Ayre, the six person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission (使命) to Jupiter’s moon (木星的卫星) Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six persons on a five year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045.72.According to the article, the hibernation research _______.A. is just an ideaB. is always a science fictionC. has already finished successfullyD. has made some progress73.In a hibernating state, a person needs ________.A. less sleepB. more foodC. less energyD. more movement74.The first try of the hibernation technologythe six person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiter’s moon Callisto.。