历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析37

2001年题目解析：71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.结构分析：71) 主句There // will be // 并列结构1 television chat shows / 后置定语hosted by robots, // 并列结构2 and cars / 后置定语 with pollution monitors // 定语从句that // will disable // them // 时间（条件）状语从句when // they // offend.词义推敲：there will be 将来会有，到时会有television chat shows hosted by robots 由机器人主持的电视谈话/聊天节目.chat shows：访谈节目host：to act as host at (an event) or to (a person) 主持、主办（活动）；招待cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车that will disable them：监控器就会使其（汽车）停驶disable them 使汽车失灵/停止运行/无法前进/不能开动/瘫痪/将阻止汽车开动offend (汽车)污染超标/违规参考译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。

得分重点：并列结构，定语从句，时间状语从句72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.结构分析：72) 并列结构1 Children // will play with // dolls / 后置定语equipped with / personality chips, // 并列结构2 computers / 后置定语with in-built personalities // 被动结构will be regarded并列结构11as // workmates // 并列结构22 rather than 省略结构（as）tools, // 并列结构3 relaxation // will be // in front of / smell-television, // 并列结构4 and // digital age // will have arrived. 词义推敲：doll：洋娃娃，玩具娃娃equip with：装备personality chip：个性芯片personality：distinctive qualities of a person, especially those distinguishing personal characteristics that make one socially appealing 人品个人独特的品质，特别是那些有区别性的、使某人具有社交魅力的个人性格chip：an integrated circuit 集成电路computers with in-built personalities 个性内置的计算机be regarded as 被当作workmate 同事rather than 而不是smell television 气味电视机digital age 数字（化）时代参考译文：孩子们将会与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍/装有集成电路块的有个人性格的玩偶玩，具有内置个性的计算机/内部装有人格化芯片的电脑将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将会在气味电视机前休闲/放松/休息/消遣/娱乐，届时数字化时代就来到了。

考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语中的翻译部分一直是众多考生重点关注和努力攻克的对象。

通过对历年真题的研究和练习，能够让考生更好地把握命题规律，提升翻译能力。

以下为大家呈现部分考研英语翻译真题及答案，并对其进行详细的分析和讲解。

真题一：The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities参考译文：几个世纪以来，在欧洲的大学里，对法律的研究一直被认为是一门基础的知识学科。

然而，只是在最近几年，它才成为加拿大大学本科课程的一个特色。

解析：这句话的翻译重点在于准确理解和处理一些词汇和短语。

“intellectual discipline”翻译为“知识学科”；“feature”在这里是“特色”的意思。

句子结构方面，“However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities”是一个倒装句，正常语序为“However, it has become a feature of undergraduate programsin Canadian universities only in recent years” 翻译时要注意调整语序，以符合中文的表达习惯。

真题二：While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults参考译文：在与年轻人接触时，我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们性格的影响，但在与成年人打交道时，就不那么容易忽视了。

Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1.[标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2.[标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。

2023年考研英语真题及答案解析2023考研英语二真题及答案解析完型填空真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a 1 job–a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing at that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you’re holiday down a job to pay the bills, it’s not4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly6 often have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it’s a 8 of priorit ies. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watchingtelevision or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be lesssocializing with your friends and le ss time with your family. It’s a 15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing–and that’s reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they ca n; it’s the one 17 supporter–something you can’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means 20 writing.1. [A] difficult [B] normal [C] steady [D] pleasant2. [A] combined [B] compared [C] confused [D] confronted3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition9. [A] highlight [B] sacrifice [C] continue [D] explore10. [A] relations [B] interests [C] memories [D] skills11. [A] until [B] because [C] while [D] before12. [A] put up with [B] make up for [C] hang on to [D] cut down on13. [A] intelligent [B] occasional [C] intensive [D] emotional14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible [D] instant18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively [D] gratefully20 [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above all完型填答案1. [B] normal2. [B] compared3. [A] If4. [D] easy5. [C] Remember6. [A] well-known7. [C] supplement8. [C] question9. [B] sacrifice10. [B] interests11. [C] while12. [D] cut down on13. [B] occasional14. [A] habit15. [A] tough16. [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable18. [D] quicker19. [C] productively20. [D] above all2023考研英语二翻译真题Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned! Changes in the light, the limitations of your palette, and just plain old lack of experience and technique meanthat what you start out trying to achieve s ometimes doesn’t come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you! Unexpected results have two benefits: for starters, you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment, and in time (often through repeated error) to realise that when one door closes, another opens. You quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents, and this means that thinking outside the box becomes second nature to the painter!Creative problem solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, and mean you’re more likely to be able to quickly come up with a solution when a problem arises.2023考研英语二小作文真题Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to the international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival, and2) invite them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10points)2023考研英语二大作文真题48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 2023年考研英语一答案Section I Use of Englishl【答案】A.coined2.【答案】pared3.【答案】D.Though4.【答案】C.hintedto5.【答案】D.differs6.【答案】B.cvidence7.【答案】C.argued8.【答案】B.forming9.【答案】A.analogous10【答案】D.even1l.【答案】C.perspective12.【答案】B.reducing13.【答案】A.However14.【答案】C.Superficial15.【答案】B.level16.【答案】D.added17.【答案】A.chances18.【答案】A.danger19.【答案】D.recognizes20.【答案】B.poorSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】[A] maintaining their plastic items22.【答案】[B]improperly shaped23.【答案】[D]prevent them from further damage24.【答案】[D]challenging25.【答案】[B]has profound historical significanceText 226、【答案】[C]reassess the necessity of college education27、【答案】B the shrinking value of a degree28、【答案】C employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees29、【答案】D further their studies in a specific field30、【答案】A lifelong learning will define themText 331.【答案】B received favorable responses32.【答案】A art can offer audiences easy access to science33.【答案】A their role may be underestimated34.【答案】B It exemplified valuable art-science alliances35.【答案】C should do more than communicating scieneeTcxt 436.【答案】D protect the rights of ordinary workers37.【答案】A hinder business development38.【答案】D Dismissing poorly performing managers39.【答案】B Employees suffer from salary cuts40.【答案】C is beneficial to bussiness ownersPart B41.【答案】Teri Byrd [F]Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals`well-being.42.【答案】Karen R.Sime [C] While animals in captivity deserve sympathy. zoo play significant role in starting young people sown the path of related sciences.43.【答案】Gerg Newbeny [A] Zoos, which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjcted to unfair criticism.life44.【答案】Dean Galles [D]Zoos have people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.45.【答案】John Fraser [G] Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve a an indispensable link between man and nature.Part C(46)lt was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.【参考译文】这也是场在制定和破坏密码的人之问展开的战争，这甚至对那些熟知这时期的人来说都是未知的。

考研英语真题试卷翻译答案翻译部分题目一：原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.翻译：技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

题目二：原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained optimistic and continued to work diligently towards their goals.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然保持乐观，并继续勤奋地朝着他们的目标努力。

题目三：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to address the environmental issues.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来解决环境问题。

题目四：原文：In recent years, the concept of sustainable developmenthas gained widespread attention.翻译：近年来，可持续发展的概念已经得到了广泛关注。

题目五：原文：The company's innovative approach to marketing has significantly increased its market share.翻译：公司在市场营销方面的创新方法显著增加了其市场份额。

题目六：原文：The research findings suggest that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health.翻译：研究发现，均衡饮食和定期锻炼对于维持良好的健康状况至关重要。

考研英语翻译题真题及答案近年来，考研英语翻译题在考研考试中占据了重要的位置。

通过翻译题，考生需要展示自己的英语语言表达能力以及对中英文之间准确翻译的理解和运用。

在备考阶段，了解历年的翻译题真题及其答案对于提高翻译水平和应对考试非常有帮助。

本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语翻译题的真题及答案，以供参考。

2017年翻译题材料：在英语阅读中，读者经常遇到不熟悉的词汇。

如果你查到这个词在原文中出现的次数较多，你应该试着推测其含义。

如果词汇只在原文中出现一次，你应该试着推测它的大致含义。

这样就能节约查字典的时间并提高阅读效率。

翻译题题目：《翻译要领》中的上述一段对于提高阅读效率十分有用，请你把这段话翻译成中文。

答案：在英文阅读中，我们经常会遇到我们不熟悉的单词。

如果你发现这个单词在原文中出现多次，你可以尝试猜测它的含义。

如果这个单词在原文中只出现一次，你应该试着推测它的大致含义。

这样做不仅能够节约查词典的时间，还能提高阅读效率。

2016年翻译题材料：互联网已经改变了人们的生活，也给国际间的联系带来了新的发展。

互联网的全球互通和信息的自由流动使得人们之间的思想交流更加频繁，也扩大了国际合作的领域。

互联网的迅速发展使得世界越来越紧密地联系在一起。

翻译题题目：《互联网时代的思想交流》中的上述材料，请你把这段话翻译成英文。

答案：The Internet has changed people's lives and brought new development to international communication. The global connectivity and free flow of information on the Internet have made the exchange of ideas among people more frequent and expanded the scope of international cooperation. Therapid development of the Internet has brought the world closer together.2015年翻译题材料：生活中，我们常常会遇到挫折和困难。

★★★黑暗版★★★考研英语历年翻译真题解析（1990－2007）内部资料沪江考研试题研究中心目录2007年黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析序： (iii)PREFACE (iv)英汉翻译高分攻略 (5)历年翻译真题汇编全译 (8)Text1.2007年试题 (8)Text2.2006年试题 (11)Text3.2005年试题 (16)Text4.2004年试题 (19)Text5.2003年试题 (23)Text6.2002年试题 (26)Text7.2001年试题 (29)Text8.2000年试题 (32)Text9.1999年试题 (36)Text10.1998年试题 (39)Text11.1997年试题 (42)Text12.1996年试题 (45)Text13.1995年试题 (51)Text14.1994年试题 (54)Text15.1993年试题 (56)Text16.1992年试题 (59)Text17.1991年试题 (61)Text18.1990年试题 (64)2007年黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析序：修订内容：（1）2007年总计1篇考研英语真题翻译及解析（2）新增索引目录全部由研英版版主daisy8475完成。

2006年黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析序：写段文字就算是对这次的修订做个简要的介绍吧。

早期的沪江黑暗版考研英语历年翻译真题解析是由沪江前辈stove完成的，做的很成功。

老实说，做这么一个工程，真的是感到诚惶诚恐，生怕砸了以前黑暗版的良好招牌。

几经易手，终于在今天暂时定稿，由于水平有限，在这个版本中难免还是有错误，希望大家指出。

这次的修订主要是围绕着刚刚过去的两次考试，收集了1990-2006考研,英语历年翻译真题18篇,，1990-2004年的只做了很小排版上的改动，以2005年，2006年的研英翻译真题为主修订。

修订内容：（2005，2006年总计3篇考研英语真题翻译及解析）首先感谢考研区首版zhuhui0991对此次修订的高度关注和给予的大力支持本次修订具体实行由学习交流区首席版主keerfan和研英版主daisy8475共同完成其中的大部分工作由keerfan完成2006年翻译真题的句子分段、2005年两篇文章的重点词汇由daisy8475完成内容校对由daisy8475完成版式编排由daisy8475完成祝所有的研友2008梦想成真！Try your best and you will get the best!Daisy84752007.7.28第n+2次修订PREFACE一本书最后写成却被安放在最前面的部分叫“前言”。

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。

只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选 B。

A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反，反抗”；D 项 betray 意为”背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。

2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选 B。

A 项actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。

3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是who（the guy），宾语是all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear 或shoulder，所以这里选 A，bore。

2009年Text 1习惯是件有趣的事情。

我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。

“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。

在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。

因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。

但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。

我们不要把自己看成是不可改变的习惯动物，相反，我们可以通过有意识的培养新的习惯来引导自身的改变。

事实上，我们对新事物尝试得越多——就会越远地走出自己的舒适地带——我们在工作场所及个人生活中就会变得越有创造性，但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。

相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。

《开放思想》一书的作者Dawna Markova说：“革新所需要的第一样东西，就是一种对好奇的着迷。

然而我们被教导去做‘决定’，就像我们的总裁称呼自己为‘决策者’那样。

”她补充道，“但是，决定意味着否决一切可能性而只保留一种。

一个优秀的具有革新精神的思想者总是在探寻许多其它的可能。

”她说，我们都是通过一些自己没有意识到的方法解决问题的。

研究人员在20世纪60年代末发现人类天生主要用四种方法应对挑战。

这四种方法是分析法，程序法，关联（或合作）法和创新法。

但是在青春期结束的时候，大脑关闭一半的能力，仅仅保留了那些大约在生命最开始的十几年时间里似乎是最有价值的思维方式。

目前标准化测试主要强调分析和程序的能力，也就是说，我们中很少有人会本能地使用创新和合作的思维方式。

M.J.Ryan是2006年出版的著作《今年我将......》一书的作者以及Markova女士的商业合作伙伴，她解释说：“这打破了美国信念体系里的主要规则——任何人都可以做任何事。

考研英语历年真题翻译部分(附答案，打印版)1990年 (2)1991年 (2)1992年 (3)1993年 (4)1994年 (4)1995年 (5)1996年 (5)1997年 (6)1998年 (6)1999年 (7)2000年 (8)2001年 (8)2002年 (9)2003年 (10)2004年 (10)2005年 (11)2006年 (11)2007年 (12)2008年 (13)2009年 (13)2010年 (14)2011年 (15)2012年 (15)真题翻译答案 (17)Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)1990年People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (21) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture.”(22) Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (23) That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Those who support the “nurture” theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. (24) The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories. (25) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (26) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (27) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (28) Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.1991年The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (31) The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at thepresent rate of use.(32) New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on, mankind is going to advance cautiously, and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all.To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. Although the birth-rate has dropped in some nations, including the United States, the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens.(33) The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year 2001?To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States. By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (34) This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.It seems almost certain that by 200l the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that, if necessity forces exports, it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.In fact, as food items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (35) Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.1992年“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. 31) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. 32) To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.33) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it.34) The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies, of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;What we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. 35) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1993年(31) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (32) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (33) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (34) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-know n incident in one of Motiere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (35)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.1994年According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (31) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (32) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innum erable directions.”(33)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (34) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on theheavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (35)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.1995年The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. (31) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (32 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. (33) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(34) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.(35) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1996年The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 31）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 32）This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 33）This seemsmostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a val id determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 34）However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to d eal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 35）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.1997年Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 31）Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.32）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “ I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.33）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.34）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh o ther’s interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.35）When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mank ind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1998年They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth. 31) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. Whatthe researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- Cobe -- had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).32) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait. 33) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.34) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 35) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true1999年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)31）While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequentl y partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.32）Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. 33）During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. 34）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research in terests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technical fallacy.” Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.35）It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticismof sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.2000年Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］2001年Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically。

考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
考研英语翻译真题
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1988年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析
Section VI Chinese-English Translation
Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)
56. 恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京。

57. 请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报。

58. 直到演出已经开始，他才匆匆赶到。

59. 经当地政府批准后，他们取消了原定的项目。

60. 他听到这意外消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。

Section VII English-Chinese Translation
Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points) 【关于考研英语翻译真题及答案解析】。

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。

首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。

第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。

第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。

第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。

二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。

本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。

根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。

而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。

而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。

3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译Set1.setback['setbæk]n. 挫折；失效；复发；倒退【同义词】frustration clawback【真题例句】Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the startup adult is ready for the move.（2007新题型）参考译文：即便工作提供的起始工资很低，并不能满足刚步入成年的年轻人追求迅速获得愉悦的需要，可是如果这些刚刚起步的成年人做好了准备，那么他们在从学校到工作这一转变中，挫折感可能会少些。

2.setting ['setiŋ]n. 安置；落山；(固定东西的)柜架底座；环境【同义词】context circumstance【真题例句】We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.（2009阅读1）参考译文：我们不假思索地按习惯行事，将大脑设为自动驾驶模式，放松地进人由熟悉的套路所带来的无意识舒适状态。

3.settle ['setl]v. 安定，安顿；停息；定居；解决，调停【同义词】deposit beach【真题例句】He opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate …（2009阅读4）参考译文：他打开《圣经》，并告诉他的父亲他看到的第一行字将决定他的命运……4.settlement ['setlmənt]n. 解决，决定，调停；居留区，住宅区【同义词】transactions disposal【真题例句】At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.（2014新题型）参考译文：该城的鼎盛时期约在公元600年，是当时世界上最大的人类聚居区之一。

考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译真题及答案考研英语翻译是考研英语中的一大难点，很多考生在备考过程中都会遇到困惑和挑战。

为了帮助考生更好地应对考研英语翻译，下面将介绍一些常见的翻译真题及答案，希望对考生有所帮助。

真题一：请将以下句子翻译成英文：中国改革开放以来，经济发展取得了巨大的成就。

答案：Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, remarkable achievements have been made in economic development.解析：这个句子是一个简单的陈述句，要求考生将其翻译成英文。

首先，考生可以通过理解句子的意思来确定翻译的方向。

句子中的“中国改革开放以来”可以翻译为“Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China”，“经济发展取得了巨大的成就”可以翻译为“remarkable achievements have been made in economic development”。

真题二：请将以下句子翻译成中文：The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences.答案：互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利。

解析：这个句子要求考生将其翻译成中文。

考生可以先理解句子的意思，然后将其翻译成中文。

句子中的“The Internet has greatly changed people's lives and brought about many conveniences”可以翻译为“互联网极大地改变了人们的生活，带来了许多便利”。

真题三：请将以下句子翻译成英文：他的成功离不开他的努力和毅力。

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。

作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。

二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。

鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。

A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。

B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。

空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。

A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。

考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析关于考研全国考研英语翻译真题及答案解析Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes. 1) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 2) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted, however, that from time to time, questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order. 3) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support, like all government support, requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisionsbased on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straightforward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science, but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory. 4) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 5) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.。