翻译教程01

格式：ppt
大小：535.50 KB
文档页数：47

下载文档原格式

英汉翻译教程(1)教学文稿

2. the nature of translation
Translation means translating meanings(Nida).
……
3 the rules of translation
Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 3 principles(1797) :
3.4 Hans & Vermeer：the theory of “skopos”
3.5 钱钟书：化境
Sublimed adaptation
3.6 傅雷：
“神似”论 spiritual conformity
Polysystem translation theory Deconstruction theory Culture turn in translation …
2. the nature of translation
Translation is an intentional, interpersonal, partly verbal intercultural inte001）
The translation of science and technology works from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty.
The translation of Western natural science and social science works (1840-1919)
The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work.
The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.

翻译课程第一讲

第一讲选择最佳的译文。

1.大厅的灯晃得我睁不开眼。

The lights in the hall are so bright that I could not open my eyes. 2.中国是一个历史悠久，人口众多的国家，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类做出了重大的贡献。

China is a populous country with a time-honored history. It’s a home of a splendid ancient civilization and a major contribution to human progress.3. They killed a bottle of Erguotou between them.他们灭了一瓶二锅头。

4.这本书再三重印，仍然供不应求。

Though we got this book reprinted several times ,the readers’ demand still exceeds its supply.I，定义：1.马建中（1894）析其字句之繁简，书其文体之变态及其理精神，析之所以然；模写其神情，仿佛其语气；阅读者所得之益，与观原文无异。

---善译翻译评论家马建中---“善译说”（1），善译的条件：“其平日冥心钩考，必先将所译者与所以译者两国文字深嗜笃好…”强调译者平日对本国语言文字和对象国语言文字必须有很高的修养，对语法学、词源学、文体学、修辞学等学科佑很深的研究，这是对译者的素养提出的最高要求。

（2），善译的过程：“一书到手，经营反复，确知其意旨之所在，而又摹写其神情，仿佛其语气，然后心悟神解，振笔而书”。

这体现了译者在整个翻译过程中理解和表达的全部。

（3），善译的实质：“译成之文适如其所译而止，而曾无毫发出入于其间”。

也就是“等值”翻译理论。

（4），善译的效果：“能使阅者所得之益与观原文无异”，这实质上达到了所谓“等效”翻译的效果。

英汉翻译教程第一讲完整版.ppt

11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 11.水滴石穿.
12. Creep before you walk.
12. 循序渐进。
13. Don't put the cart before the horse.
13. 不要本末倒置。
14. Don't trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.
11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 12. Creep before you walk. 13. Don't put the cart before the horse. 14. Don't trouble trouble until trouble
境和风俗习惯的影响而具有不同的特点。 Drug : 药; 大麻（美俚）
1.2.5 社会政治
一些词语的意义，有时与社会政治密切相关。就是说，社会制度相同，有关文化之间的差异就比较少；社会制度不同，差异就相对地多一些。如：
working class; peasant propaganda; Exploit （开发利用、获取利润）汉语中是：“剥削”
1.2.6 文学艺术
文学艺术反映一个民族的感情色彩。对待同一事物，不同民族的文化感情色彩可能完全不同
Dragon, dog, ox
不同文化艺术中，人们还常常用不同的事物表达相同的思想。
Work like a horse 像老黄牛一样干活。
As strong as a horse As stupid as a goose
Scope of translation

英译汉教程(第一章)

• Source language, target language/ receptor language; translator, author; original, version/translation
2
Classification of Translation
1）从译出语和译入语的角度来分类: 本族语译为外语，外语译为本族语；
许渊冲贺杨振宁新婚双语诗句
• 振宁不老松，扬帆为小翁，岁寒情更热，花好驻春风。 • The ageless won’t grow old. You sail with your young bride. Love will warm winter cold. Spring will ever abide.
5
不懂外文的翻译家---林纾
• 林纾，字琴南，号畏庐、冷红生。生于1852年，福建闽县人。中国近代翻译家、文学家。先后翻译英、美、法、俄、德、瑞士、比利时、西班牙、挪威、希腊和日本小说183种，出版了160余部，其中不少是世界名著，如《巴黎茶花女遗事》（La Dame aux Camelias）、《黑奴吁天录》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）《快肉余生述》（David Copperfield）、《贼史》（Oliver Twist）、《王子复仇记》（Hamlet）等，在早期翻译家中影响很大，是大量介绍西方文学的第一人。
第一章绪论
A General Introduction About Translation
1
Definition of Translation
• “the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” (J.C. Catford ) • Cross-linguistic transformation of meaning

大学英语翻译全教程第一讲（完美版）[范文大全]

大学英语翻译全教程第一讲（完美版）[范文大全]第一篇：大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)翻译理论与实践（以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础）第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1．广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。

它包括不同语言间的翻译（如英汉互译）语言变体间的翻译（如古今语言、不同方言的互译）、语言与其他交际符号的转换（如把交通规则画成交通标志）。

他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”，不强调“完全的忠实”。

也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论，这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。

2．狭义的翻译指语言活动，是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。

这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”，表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通；强调“一种语言到另一种语言”，排除了同一语言间各变体的互译；强调“忠实地”，避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。

奈达（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: Th e Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译，并专指“书面表达内容”，以区别于有独特之处的口译（interpretation）。

二、翻译的分类1．从所涉及的代码性质看，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和语符翻译（intersemiotic translation）。

(完整版)英汉翻译教程

英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）严复：信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。

The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似--—spiritual conformity。

Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。

强调原作神韵再现。

钱钟书：化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅：宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。

目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流.4．直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿； chain reaction连锁反应；gentlemen's agreement君子协定； one country, two systems 一国两制；The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流；paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气； go to one’s external rest——-安息； the long sleep——-长眠；see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂； blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿：直译不等于死译（dead translation）:街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。

英语翻译翻译第1课

翻译的特点之二
• 不同民族的文化影响其语言的使用和表达，不同民族的文化影响其语言的使用和表达，其文化渗透于日常用语之中，其文化渗透于日常用语之中，如颜色词的文化内涵等。文化内涵等。
• 1）I’m feeling blue today. ） • 2) That man who makes the air blue is capable of anything. • 3) He is the black sheep of the family. • 4) She began to cry when the black tidings reached her. • 5) The young man is a green hand in doing this work. • 6) The thief was caught red-handed. • 7) When we started to criticize her work, she saw red.
English-Chinese Translation: Theory and Practice 英汉翻译：理论与实践英汉翻译：
教学目的与要求
• 教学目的：教学目的：阐释翻译的性质与特点、介绍翻译的基本理论、阐释翻译的性质与特点、介绍翻译的基本理论、概括翻译的常用技巧、揭示英汉语言、文化、概括翻译的常用技巧、揭示英汉语言、文化、思维的差异、提高英语理解和汉语表达水平，维的差异、提高英语理解和汉语表达水平，加强文字素养、培养跨文化交流的能力。文字素养、培养跨文化交流的能力。 • 教学要求：教学要求：能灵活地运用所学翻译理论与常用技巧，能灵活地运用所学翻译理论与常用技巧，发挥主观能动性，做到忠实、观能动性，做到忠实、通顺地翻译中等难度的文学作品节录，以及英美报刊杂志有关政治、经济、学作品节录，以及英美报刊杂志有关政治、经济、历史、文化等时文；提高逻辑思维、形象思维、历史、文化等时文；提高逻辑思维、形象思维、经验思维等认知能力，经验思维等认知能力，通过翻译表现出较高的综合素养。合素养。

英汉翻译教程1

我国比较全面的翻译标准是由清代
翻译家严复于１８９８年提出来的，他认为优秀的译文应该做到“信”、 “达”、“雅”，即忠实于原著，译文流畅，文字典雅。
Criteria of Translation

１９５１年傅雷先生提出了文学翻译的 “传神”论。即，“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是翻译的最低标准。译文同原文如果能在形式上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”“神似”，这是翻译的高标准。然而翻译中的“形似”“神似”往往不能兼得。如果“形似”“神似”不能兼顾时，我们应该大胆地摆脱原文形式，着意追求译文与原文的“神似”。
Criteria of Translation
1964年，钱钟书先生提出了翻译的“化境”之说：“文学翻译的最高标准是化。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于化境。” 所谓“化境”，就是原作向译文的“投胎转世”，文字形式虽然换了，而原文的思想、感情、风格、神韵都原原本本地化到了译文的境界里了，丝毫不留下翻译的痕迹，让读者读译作就完全像在读原作一样。

耳语口译(whispering
interpretation)：耳语口译顾名思义是一种将一方的讲话内容用耳语的方式轻轻地传译给另一方的口译手段。视阅口译(sight interpretation)：视阅口译（视译）是以阅读的方式接收来源语信息，以口头方式传出信息的口译方式。
口译按其传译方向，可分为单向口译
Characteristics of Interpretation
交流的信息内容包罗万象，是口译

翻译(一)第一章PPT课件

Definition of Translation
❖Translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
Some Famous Cultural Viewpoints
❖ *翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解自己民族的文化。不仅如此，还要不断地把两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们会说：他必须掌握两种语言；确实如此，但是不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言(王佐良1989)。
Cultural Views on Translation
❖In the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, i.e. translation is an "intercultural communication"; hence the terms of "intercultural cooperation", "acculturation", and "transculturation".
on translation (45 minutes). ❖ Be aware of the important role translation plays

英汉翻译教程1课文

5.Yet it was a manly face, serious and intelligent, and Chu judged him to be in his middle twenties. 可是，那是个男子汉的面庞，严肃而聪颖，朱德看他大概是二十五六岁的年龄。 in his twenties 可译作码二十多岁 in his middle twenties 二十五六岁汉语没有相应的说法，只好译作 in the twenties 二十年代
8. He wanted to join the Chinese Communist Party group in Berlin, he would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which had turned to ashes beneath his feet. 他要求加入中国共产党在柏林的党组织，他一定会努力学习和工作，只要不再回到旧的生活里去——它已经在他的脚底下化为尘埃了——派他做什么工作都行。 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党顺逆结合 Party group 党组织 but return to his old life 只要不再回到旧的生活里去 but=except return to 回到 turn to ashes 化为尘埃 turn to 转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动 beneath his feet 在他的脚底下这句可改为：他一定会努力学习和工作，派他做什么工作都行，只要不再回到旧的生活里去，旧的生活已经在他的脚下化为尘埃了。
立即去周恩来的住处
省略

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2017/7/2
翻译教程
20
drill
The EEC‘s common agricultural policy is a dinosaur which is adding 1300 dollars a week to the food bill of the average British family. 欧盟旨在给普通英国家庭每周１３００圆粮食补贴的共同农业政策是不和时宜的．
drill
11.thus SF is not only change speculator(构思者)but change agent,sending an echo from the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. 11.因为科幻小说不仅仅是变化的构思者,而且还是实施者,使适合人类的未来和正在塑造未来的今天遥相互应。
expression
1.literal translation 2.free translation
Free translation

Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson call ―the useful trouble of the rain‖. 人类一直很推崇坦尼森所说的这句话:―雨既有用,又带来麻烦.‖
浓茶 strong tea 浓墨 thick (or dark)ink 浓烟dense smoke 青山 green hill 青天 blue sky 开车 to drive a car 开船 to set sail 上自行车to get on a bike 上飞机to board a plane 上山to go up (or to mount) a hill
词组
AB同义或近义的并列词组 bear and forbear v.忍耐 hale and hearty a.矍铄的，健壮的 heart and soul n.全心全意 pick and choose v.挑选 pick and steal v.盗窃，偷偷摸摸 wear and tear v. 磨损
Word translation drill
Anything but /nothing but he is anything but a dreamer. he is nothing but a dreamer. The examination was anything but easy.

Word translation
drill
2.如果一个国家基本上处于分裂状态，那就要由政府把他团结起来，这增加了管理方面的开支，从而相应地减少了本来可以用以发展国家的经济资源。
drill
5.Philip‘s father was a surgeon in good practice and his hospital appointments suggested an established position. 菲利浦的父亲是个外科医生，由于找他看病的人很多，各医院请他会诊也多，因此他在医务界已占得一席之地。
Translation drill
1.It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates,diploma and degrees that no one wants to know about.
英汉对比
词序不同 Art and literature 文艺 Fire and water 水火 land and water水陆 Flesh and blood血肉 Rich and poor 贫富 Sooner or later 迟早
词组
Drill 华侨和祖国人民血肉相连。 Overseas Chinese have flesh-and –blood ties with people of the motherland. We shall start ,rain or shine,at half past six tomorrow morning. 无论晴雨，我们都在明晨六点半出发。
Word translation drill
Kill 1.please kill the engine. 2.he is dressed to kill. 3.you are killing me. 4.she kills her child with kindness. 5.the pigs all kill well.
drill
12.He thought that directly internal confidence in the government declined, her financial structure would be in danger. 12.他认为一旦国内对政府的信心下降，政府的财政体制就会出现危机。
英汉语言的对比
并列词组 A and B A or B 词序相同 Countries,big or small,should be equal. Don‘t confuse cause and effect. The enemy soldiers put all to fire and sword. 敌军到处烧杀。 I have looked for it up and down.
translation
1.我认为时机已成熟。就业部门和教育部门应同大学携手修正我们的教育制度，使之能合理地使用学生的才能、勤奋和刻苦。而现在他们这些才能和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的证书、文凭和学位上。
Translation drill
2.If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.
drill
He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his words after losing several games. Eat one‘s words: take back what he said不能译成食言（break one‘s promise）
2017/7/2 翻译教程 18
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
drill
15.But for all the thick tress,the bitter wind would blow the house to pieces. 15.如果不是所有这些浓密的树木挡住，大风就会把屋子吹成碎片。 16.But for all the efforts,he did not succeed. 16.但是尽管他再三努力，还是没有获得成功。
Emotive coloring example

politician/statesman renown/notoriety The paper provides us with no insight and lacks some depth ,it is but a fine writing.
Collocation example

大风大雨大浪 strong wind ,heavy rain, high waves Cut the cake,cut the nail ,cut the wheat, cut the tree After years as an unsuccessful businessman,he ‗s finally made it. We were tired of waiting and doubted whether the bus would come before long.
13.I think ,however,that, provided work is not excessive in amount,even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. 13.然而，我认为，对大多数人来说，只要工作量不是太大，即使所做的事再单调也总比无所事事好受。
drill
牛顿将哥白尼，开普勒，伽利略等人在天文学及力学方面的发现综合起来，加上自己的发现，将其糅合成一个体系。时至今日，这一体系仍是世界上最伟大的科学成就之一。
drill
When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it . The days stretch out in an endless vista.（远景）. So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life. 当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是不可想象的。我们很少想到它。来日方长，前途无量。于是，我们忙于琐碎的事物，几乎意识不到我们对待生活的这种冷漠的态度。