厦门大学2007博士研究生入学考试英语试题

厦门大学博士考试英语真题2010年(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ______ the speakers stopped for refreshments. （分数：1.00）A.at largeB.at intervals √C.at caseD.at random解析：at large“自由行动，逍遥自在地”；at intervals“不时，时时”；at case“不紧张，自由自在”；at random“随便，随机的，随意的”。

根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是B。

2.When traveling, you are advised to take traveler's checks, which provide a secure ______ to carrying your money in cash.（分数：1.00）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative √解析：substitute“代替，代替物”；selection“选择”，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；preference“喜欢，偏爱”，强调选择时个人的偏爱；alternative “两者或两者以上挑一，取舍，抉择”。

根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。

3.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ______ character.（分数：1.00）A.graciousB.suspicious √C.uniqueD.particular解析：gracious“有礼貌的，宽厚的”；suspicious“多疑的，可疑的”；unique“独一无二的，唯一的”；particular“特别的，独有的”。

2007年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingReading ComprehensionFor the longest time, I couldn’t get worked up about privacy: my right to it; how it’s dying; how we’re headed for an even more wired, underregulated, overintrusive, privacy-deprived planet. I should also point out that as news director for Pathfinder, Time Inc.’s mega info mall,and a guy who makes his living on the Web, I know better than most people that we’re hurtling toward an even more intrusive world. We’re all being watched by computers whenever we visit Websites; by the mere act of “browsing” (it sounds so passive!) we’re going public in a way that was unimaginable a decade ago. I know this because I’m a watcher too. When people come to my Website, without ever knowing their names, I can peer over their shoulders, recording what they look at, timing how long they stay on a particular page, following them around Pathfinder’s sprawling offerings. None of this would bother me in the least, I suspect, if a few years ago, my phone, like Marley’s ghost, hadn’t given me a glimpse of the nightmares to come. On Thanksgiving weekend in 1995, someone (presumably a critic of a book my wife and I had just written about computer hackers) forwarded my home telephone number to an out-of-state answering machine, where unsuspecting callers trying to reach me heard a male voice identify himself as me and say some extremely rude things. Then, with typical hacker aplomb, the prankster asked people to leave their messages (which to my surprise many callers, including my mother, did). This went on for several days until my wife and I figured out that something was wrong (“Hey...why hasn’t the phone rung since Wednesday?”) and got our phone service restored. It seemed funny at first, and it gave us a swell story to tell on our book tour. But the interloper who seized our telephone line continued to hit us even after the tour ended. And hit us again and again for the next six months. The phone company seemed powerless. Its security folks moved us to one unlisted number after another, half a dozen times. They put special pin codes in place. They put traces on the line. But the troublemaker kept breaking through. If our hacker had been truly evil and omnipotent as only fictional movie hackers are, there would probably have been even worse ways he could have threatened my privacy. He could have sabotaged my credit rating. He could have eavesdropped on my telephone conversations or siphoned off my e-mail. He could have called in my mortgage, discontinued my health insurance or obliterated my Social Security number. Like Sandra Bullock in the Net, I could have been a digital untouchable, wandering the planet without a connection to the rest of humanity. (Although if I didn’t have to pay back school loans, it might be worth it. Just a thought. ) Still, I remember feeling violated at the time and as powerless as a minnow in a flash flood. Someone was invading my private space—my family’sprivate space—and there was nothing I or the authorities could do. It was as close to a technological epiphany as I have ever been. And as I watched my personal digital hell unfold, it struck me that our privacy—mine and yours—has already disappeared, not in one Big Brotherly blitzkrieg but in Little Brotherly moments, bit by bit. Losing control of your telephone, of course, is the least of it. After all, most of us voluntarily give out our phone number and address when we allow ourselves to be listed in the White Pages. Most of us go a lot further than that. We register our whereabouts whenever we put a bank card in an ATM machine or drive through an E-Z Pass lane on the highway. We submit to being photographed every day—20 times a day on average if you live or work in New York City—by surveillance cameras. We make public our interests and our purchasing habits every time we shop by mail order or visit a commercial Website.1．What information do you learn about the author that establishes him as an authority on this topic?A．He has suffered a lot in losing his privacy.B．He makes his living off of the Web.C．He knows how to monitor his account.D．He and his wife published a book concerning computer hackers.正确答案：B解析：细节题。

资料目录：厦门大学近年考博真题+考博经验分享1.2018厦门大学考博经验分享2.2019厦门大学考博经验分享3.2018双非学姐的厦大考博逆袭之路——本硕求学生涯历程2018厦门大学考博经验分享初试1英语：词汇：比较难，但没有考语法阅读理解：比较简单，反正比考研英语简单翻译：好像是2010年的真题写作：类似雅思的命题思路，可参照雅思的方法准备2人文基本素质客观题：不是行测那种，基本都不会，有考考研政治的哲学题，还有考厦大校训的出处。

感觉比较难准备主观题：三选一。

文科——国学热为主题写作2500字；经济——中国经济与世界经济平衡1500字；管理学——忘了3西方经济学，能回忆起的只有以下几题价格下降对产出的影响简述总供给三种模型标准费排污许可证IS-LM模型计算MC不等的情况下古诺、斯塔伯格模型感觉没有偏题，和前几年的真题有许多重复的地方，只要认真复习就不会考的太差。

可是要考比较好，就必须复习的时候尽量深刻理解。

复试笔试：分专业。

各专业有道统一的金融英译汉。

国际金融专业是——汇率决定论；人民币扩大波幅评述；欧债危机；还有些想不起来了，反正把国际金融的教科书及当前热点都准备了就差不多了。

但这是考博，准备的程度要比考研尽量深入一些。

英语口试：与外教对话几分钟。

除了自我介绍，还会针对个人情况问一些问题，以及经济方面的问题综合面试：陈述个人科研成果（这个环节非常重要，以往成果越多越加分）；外汇储备管理；银行盈利问题2.2019厦门大学考博经验分享2019年厦大国贸系的拟录取名单已经公布，虽然早已得知自己被录取，但还是长长地舒了一口气，不为别的，就是为自己一路以来的坚持而倍感欣慰。

3年前，当我还是那个长彻案椅，为考研而发奋的孩子时，厦大就是我的目标，但最终我成为了失败者。

尽管如此，在调剂的硕士学校读研期间，为了厦大的梦想，我还是努力坚持着。

今年我报了厦大和暨大两个学校，专业都是国际贸易学，两所学校考分竟然相同，都为231。

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that the speakers stopped fordeferments.A. at largeB. at intervalsC. at easeD. at random2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers' checks, which provide a secure tocarrying your money m cash.A. substituteB. selectionC. inferenceD. alternative3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC unique D. particular4. Choiring from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A. IndistinctlyB. separatelyC. irrelevantlyD. independently6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th the birth ofJesus Christ.A. in accordance withB. in terms ofC. in favor ofD. in honor of7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must thequalities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A. improveB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various productshandled by us with detailed and means of packing.A. specimensB. inspectionsC. samplesD. specifications9. Many of the conditions that population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment,poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A. bring forwardB. give rise toC feed up with D. result from10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily for a month or ayear as for a single day.A. put upB. stay upC. speed upD. make up11. The fact that the earth's surface heats provides a convenient way to divide it intotemperature region.A. infrequentlyB. irregularlyC. unsteadilyD. unevenly12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird a set of actions to protect itsoffspring.A. hastensB. releasesC. devisesD. initiates13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be totourist spending?A. attributedB. appliedC. contributedD. attached14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and for us m an advanced age;and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A. ingredientB. relianceC. shelterD. inclination15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to wonderfulbargains in the market.A. pick upB. bump intoC. pile upD. bring back16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree because it can teach them a great dealabout many issues related with climate change.A. livelyB. aliveC. livingD. live17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City shock and angerthroughout the world.A. temptedB. provokedC. summonedD. enveloped18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that girls in school was probably thesingle most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A. enrollingB. assigningC. involvingD. consenting19. The UN official said aid programs will be until there is adequate protection forrelief personnel.A. multipliedB. arrestedC. spannedD. suspended20. Despite almost universal of the vital importance of women's literacy, educationremains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.A. confessionB. identificationC. acknowledgementD. compliment21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now muchof their food.A. deliverB. importC. produceD. develop22. Because Jenkins neither nor defends either management or the striking workers,both sides admire his journalistic .A. criticizes...acumenB. attacks…neutralityC. confronts...aptitudeD. dismisses...flair23. Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages,but skeptics argue that the apes are only their trainers.A. imitatingB. condoningC. instructingD. acknowledging24. It is ironic that the insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they havebecome mere .A. original...clich6sB. banal...beliefsC. dubious...habitsD. philosophical-questions25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable , when weight loss______if not stops.A. moods...acceleratesB. feasts...haltsC. holidays…contractsD. plateaus...slows26. Since the author's unflattering references to her friends were so , she was surprised that her were recognized.A. laudatory...stylesB. obvious…anecdotesC. oblique... allusionsD. critical....eulogies27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religionherald the of morality?A. regulationB. basisC. beliefD. collapse28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be , and therefore____________external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.A. learned...immune toB. innate...unaffected byC. intricate...belong toD. specific...confused with29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy________at any price.A. orderB. emancipationC. hopeD. liberty30. As a person who combines care with , Marisa completed her duties with_________as well as zeal.A. levity...resignationB. enthusiasm...meticulousnessC. vitality... willingnessD. empathy...rigorPart II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Section A (30 points)Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Going Green After GrayVisanto Melina, R.D., got the surprise of her career last year, when the Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetarianism at a senior citizen center. "I thought there'd be four or five people," she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors who had paid a $5 fee to hear her advice. And their interest in better health wasn’t only keen; it was informed. "They've obviously been paying attention to new research," she says.If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldn't have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verified an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the year 2005，people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furthermore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that older people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with aging—weight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, increased cancer risk and impaired digestion—and you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R.D., author of the American Dietetic Association's position paper on vegetarianism.Quantifying this new trend isn’t easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research organization based in Des Moines, Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. More compelling evidence for the senior surge toward vegetarianism comes from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the ranks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N.Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledgling organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retired Persons, society executives say.An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats. However, this time it made her in. "The crash felt like the flu," she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She made a few at home, and her "flu" disappeared.More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61-year-old marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, she was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M.D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing what she says was an eight-inch thick file of statistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditional American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. "I didn't even have skim milk on my cereal," she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helped speed her recovery from surgery.1. What does Visanto Melino mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminarwere "informed" on the subject of better health?A. They had a clear understanding of the subject.B. They wanted more information on the subject.C. They were informed of the latest research on the subject.D. They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.2. What does the author mean by saying "... demographics are driving the drift"?A. The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.B. The growing trend toward vegetarianism is due to an increase in the number of olderpeople.C. Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combatproblems of aging.D. More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetarian diet to stay healthy.3. Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill?A. Because she caught the flu.B. Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.C. Because she was on a high-fat diet.D. Because she ate too much rich food.4. How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness?A. By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.B. By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.C. By not even having skim milk with her cereal.D. By following a strict vegetarian diet.5. Why is the passage titled "Going Green After Gray"?A. People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.B. A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.C. Older people tend to become vegetarians.D. Seniors like to attend seminars on vegetarianism.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:In most people's mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means…what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancements of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third Worldcountries - the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to man's ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.6. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B. Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C. A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.D. Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.7. It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that .A. the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperityB. economic growth has not contributed to the poverty of the Third World countriesC. growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third World countriesD. the stages of economic growth cannot be superseded or modified by social mechanisms8. With regard to the economic development in Third World countries the author is actually sayingthat .A. the people in these countries have not actually benefited from itB. inadequate investment has seriously affected the developmentC. deep debt virtually makes further growth in these countries impossibleD. agriculture in these countries should have been left intact9. The author seems to believe that prosperity .A. can be achieved without economic growthB. can only be achieved with economic growthC. is a tribute to man's ability and creativityD. is fragile in face of environmental catastrophes10. The answer of the author to the question “Do we need growth for prosperity” is .A. negativeB. positiveC. vagueD. inconclusiveQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The African elephant—mythic symbol of a continent, keystone of its ecology and the largest land animal remaining on earth—has become the object of one of the biggest, broadest international efforts yet mounted to turn a threatened species off the road to extinction. But it is not only the elephant's survival that is at stake, conservationists say. Unlike the endangered tiger, unlike even the great whales, the African elephant is in great measure the architect of its environment. As a voracious eater of vegetation, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna surroundings in which it lives, thereby setting the terms of existence for millions of other storied animals-from zebras to gazelles to giraffes and wildebeests-that share its habitat And as the elephant disappears, scientists and conservationists say, many other species will also disappear from vast stretches of forest and savanna, drastically altering and impoverishing whole ecosystems.It is the elephant's metabolism and appetite that make it a disturber of the environment and therefore an important creator of habitat. In a constant search for the 300 pounds of vegetation it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbrush and pulls branches off big trees as high as its trunk will reach. This creates innumerable open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. The resulting patchwork, a mosaic of vegetation in various stages of regeneration, in turn creates a greater variety of forage that attracts a greater variety of other vegetation-eaters than would otherwise be the case.In studies over the last 20 years in southern Kenya near Mount Kilimanjaro, Dr. Western has found that when elephants are allowed to roam die savannas naturally and normally, they spread out at "intermediate densities." Their foraging creates a mixture of savanna woodlands (what the Africans call bush) and grassland. The result is a highly diverse array of other plant-eating species: those like the zebra, wildebeest and gazelle, that graze; those like the giraffe, bushbuck and lesser kudu, that browse on tender shoots, buds, twigs and leaves; and plant-eating primates like the baboon and vervet monkey. These herbivores attract carnivores like the lion and cheetah.When the elephant population thins out, Dr. Western said, the woodlands become denser and the grazers are squeezed out. When pressure from poachers forces elephants to crowd more densely onto reservations, the woodlands there are knocked out and the browsers and primates disappear.Something similar appears to happen in dense tropical rain forests. In their natural state, because the overhead forest canopy shuts out sunlight and prevents growth on the forest floor, rain forests provide slim pickings for large, hoofed plant-eaters. By pulling down trees and eating new growth, elephants enlarge natural openings in the canopy, allowing plants to regenerate on the forest floor and bringing down vegetation from the canopy so that smaller species can get at it.In such situations, the rain forest becomes hospitable to large plant-eating mammals such as bongos, bush pigs, duikers, forest hogs, swamp antelopes, forest buffaloes, okapis, sometimes gorillas and always a host of smaller animals that thrive on secondary growth. When elephants disappear and the forest reverts, the larger mammals give way to smaller, nimbler animals like monkeys, squirrels and rodents.11. The passage is primarily concerned with _______________A. explaining why elephants are facing the threat of extinctionB. explaining difficulties in providing sufficient forage for plant-catersC. explaining how the elephant's impact on its surroundings affects other speciesD. distinguishing between savannas and rain forests as habitats for elephants12. In the opening paragraph, the author mentions tigers and whales in order to emphasize whichpoint about the elephant?A. Like them, it faces the threat of extinction.B. It is herbivorous rather than carnivorous.C. It is the largest extant land mammal.D. Unlike them, it physically alters its environment.13. A necessary component of the elephant's ability to transform the landscape is its .A. massive intelligenceB. threatened extinctionC. ravenous hungerD. lack of grace14. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. the natural tendency of elephants is to crowd together in packsB. the elephant is dependent upon the existence of smaller plant-eating mammals for itssurvivalC. elephants have an indirect effect on the hunting patterns of certain carnivoresD. the floor of the tropical rain forest is too overgrown to accommodate larger plant-eatingspecies15. Which of the following statements best expresses the author's attitude toward the damage tovegetation caused by foraging elephants?A. It is an unfortunate by-product of the feeding process.B. It is a necessary but undesirable aspect of elephant population growth.C. It fortuitously results in creating environments suited to diverse species.D. It has the unexpected advantage that it allows scientists access to the rain forest.Section B (10 points)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-E to fit into each of the numbered blank. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women over the whole world rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.A. Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste.B. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.C. The difference between men and women in the matter of fashion is fascinating.D. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress.E. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores.Part III. Short Answer Questions (10%)Directions:Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, ail the factors which are part of intelligence -- the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity—are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school andparents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually—and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.1. What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children'sintelligence?2. What do researchers conclude about children's learning patterns?3. In which area may school play a more important role?4. Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?5. The author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to .Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15%)Directions:Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1). When we talk about the danger of romantic love, we don't mean danger in the obvious heartbreak way—the cheap betrayals, the broken promises—we mean the dark danger that lurks when sensible, educated women fall for the dogmatic idea that romantic love is the ultimate goal for the modern female. Every day, thousands of films, books, articles and TV programs hammer home this message—that without romance, life is somehow barren.However, there are women who entertain the subversive notion, like an intellectual mouse scratching behind the skirting board, that perhaps this higher love is not necessarily the celestial highway to absolute happiness. (2). Their empirical side kicks in. and they observe that couples who marry in a haze of adoration and sex are, ten years later, throwing china and fight bitterly over who gets the dog.(3). But the women who notice these contradictions are often afraid to speak them in case they should be labeled cynics. Surely only the most jaded and damaged would challenge the orthodoxy of romantic love. The received wisdom that there is not something wrong with the modem idea of sexual love as ultimate panacea, but that if you don't get it, there is something wrong with you. You freak, go back and read the label. (4). We say the privileging of romantic love over all others, the insistence that it is the one essential, incontrovertible element of human happiness, traced all the way back to the caves, is a trap and a snare. The idea that every human heart, since the invention of the wheel, was yearning for its other half is a myth.(5). Love is a human constant: it is the interpretation of it that changes. The way that love has been expressed, its significance in daily life, have never been immutable or constant. The different kinds of love and what they signify are not fixed, whatever the traditionalists may like to tell you.。

厦门大学考博英语-8(总分：105.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.The "formal learning" refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom, regardless of whether such learning is ______ by conservative or progressive ideologies.（分数：0.50）A.securedB.attainedC.manifestrmed √解析：[解析] D选项：informed的意思为“提供资料(或情报、消息等)”，如：He informed his staff that he Was going to Europe on business．(他告诉职员他要到欧洲出差。

)句意：“正规的学习”是指所有的学习都在课堂上进行，不论知识传授者的思想意识是保守还是进步。

故选D。

其他三项意思分别是：secured使安全，(使)获得；attained实现，得到；manifest清楚表示，显露。

2.The fire was finally brought under control, but not ______ extensive damage had been caused. （分数：0.50）A.before √B.sinceC.afterD.as解析：[解析] 句子的大意为：火势终于被控制住了，但还是造成了巨大的损失。

not before表示“在这之前”，所以A项符合题意。

3.Some crops are relatively high yielders and could be planted in preference to others to ______ the food supply.（分数：0.50）A.enhance √B.curbC.disruptD.heighten解析：[解析] enhance提高，促进，夸张，宣扬。

厦门大学考研历年真题及答案解析聚创考研网汇集厦门大学各学院的专业考研真题等资料，同时与厦门大学专业课成绩前三名的各专业硕士研究生合作编写了研发的《厦门大学考研专业复习全书》及《全真模拟题解析》。

本书系统全面总结考研专业课知识，重难点分明，深度解析历年考研真题并进行命题预测，为考生节省大量宝贵的复习时间，帮助考生在扎实基础之上迅速提高专业课成绩，是今年考生从基础到冲刺阶段必备的考研专业课资料。

【亮点介绍】1.专业课深度解析部分从考研各知识点历年的考察频率和变化趋势，明确重要考点和参考书目的重要章节，从宏观试题分析、命题预测、全程规划建议、高分学长考研经验等角度直抵专业课考研资讯最前沿，准确把握专业课的考研规律。

2.核心考点解析部分根据官方参考书目编写，对教材内容进行精简整合，所有知识点均根据其历年考察的频率进行重要程度评估，并对真题考过的知识点进行明晰，免去考生自己查阅、分析的烦恼，深入探讨重点考点，精准洞察知识脉络。

部分难点附有重点提示和易出考试题型说明。

本部分内容对前几轮复习具有较大辅助作用，在考研后期复习阶段可脱离教材结合核心考点解析进行理解和记忆，提高考生的复习效率和复习效果。

3.历年真题及答案解析部分给出了专业课考试历年考研真题，内含详细而精准的参考答案。

聚创考研网根据厦门大学的每一年考试范围进行更新完善，年年相伴考研。

如需要完整版请联系微信mskaoyan购买。

【复习全书使用说明】一、复习全书（主要含核心考点和历年真题）的使用建议（一）复习第一招：按图索骥，宏观洞悉1.复习基础阶段：初步浏览及标识复习中的疑惑点，此阶段重在对整体知识内容留有印象，知晓重点，解决疑惑点；2.复习深化阶段：对应核心考点具体内容，增加标识，此阶段可对照具体内容的复习情况，把未熟练掌握内容进行标识及补充复习中发现的重要内容；3.复习冲刺阶段：可脱离参考书及复习全书中的核心考点解析部分，单独看框架和纲要回忆知识点并默写，以此查漏补缺，落实记忆。

厦门大学中文系文学理论与文学评论写作2008--2009语言文学基础2008—-2009文学2007文学基础2003——2006中西文艺理论基础2000—-2002,2004--2005文艺评论写作2000——2002中国现当代文学2000-—2006文艺理论2000—-2003，2006——2007中国文学史2001—-2002中国古代文学理论2001——2005中国文学批评史2006语言理论2004中外文学2000—-2002欧美文学与比较文学2004——2006戏剧基础知识2003—-2006文艺基础知识2003——2005美学与文艺理论2000-—2002美学与艺术概论2005语言学2008——2009历史系世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国近现代史2003——2004世界近现代史2003——2004专门史2002经济专门史2001经济史1999—-2000中国古代史2000中国通史1999—-2002通史1999中国考古学1999-—2005考古学通论1999考古学概论2000——2002中国古代史1999——2005哲学系哲学基础理论2008—-2009中西哲学史2008——2009新闻传播系新闻与传播实务2007——2010（注：2007、2010年试卷为回忆版)新闻学与传播学基础2006——2009(注：2006——2007年试卷为回忆版）新闻业务1999——2006广告学原理1996—-1997，2001-—2002公共关系原理与实务2002中国传播史1999——2005传播学理论2001——2004传播实务2004,2006广告与公关2003（回忆版）2003年传播学复试题目人类学与民族学系人类学理论方法2003人类学概论1999—-2001，2003人类学通论2008——2009文化人类学1999--2001人类学史1999--2001民族学通论2008——2009经济系宏、微观经济学2005-—2009（2005有答案）西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003—-2004,2006，2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002计划统计系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003-—2004，2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003—-2004，2006,2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002财政学1996——1998财政学综合考试1996——1998金融系金融学基础(联考)2002-—2010（2002-—2010有答案) 货币银行学综合考试1998—-2000货币银行学1998——2000货币银行学(复试）2000国际经济与贸易系宏、微观经济学2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005经济学2003--2004,2006，2009-2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002国际贸易1998——2002经济研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004,2006,2009—2010世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002王亚南经济研究院经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002,2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002会计系会计学2000--2005会计学综合考试2000-—2002管理学与管理经济学2003——2009（注:2005—-2007年为回忆版）企业管理专业综合考试(含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理）1998—-2002企业管理系管理学与管理经济学2003—-2007（注：2005--2007年为回忆版)企业管理专业综合考试（含人力资源管理、市场营销学）1998——2002 企业管理（含管理学、财务管理)1998——2002管理科学系运筹学（管理科学系）2002——2009旅游系（无此试卷）法学院法理学与民法学2000--2006法理学1995——2002，2005-—2006法理学与民事诉讼法学2003——2006法理学与宪法学2002，2005——2010（2010为回忆版)民法学1990，1998——2002民法学与商法学2003——2006民法学与宪法学2005-—2006民法学与刑法学2007,2009—-2010（2010为回忆版）综合国际法学2003-—2005国际公法与国际私法1997—-2002国际经济法1997—-2002(国际法学专业)综合考试1997——1999（民商法学、经济法学专业）综合考试2002民事诉讼法2000—-2002商法学2003经济法学1998-—2003民事诉讼法与刑事诉讼法2003宪法学与行政法学2003刑法学与刑事诉讼法学2003，2005——2006行政法与行政诉讼法学2005-—2006政治学系政治学与公共管理学2007—-2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002现代政治思想（中、西）2008-—2009公共管理系政策科学与经济学2007--2009政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003—-2006（word版本）政治学原理2002行政学2002综合考试（行政管理）2002——2006(注:无管理学部分）（word版本) 社会保障专业试题2004社会学系社会学原理2005，2008—-2009社会调查研究方法2005，2008-—2009人口研究所宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010西方经济学2002,2005经济学2003——2004，2006，2009-2010政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002思想政治教育系政治学与公共管理学2007——2009政治学与行政学2003——2006政治学原理2002行政学2002政治学2008——2009中共党史与思想政治教育学2008——2009英文系二外法语2001，2003—-2005（注:2001年的试卷共14页,缺第4页）二外日语2003二外德语2006——2009英语基础知识2003—-2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003-—2009（2006-—2009有答案）（注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998——2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003—-2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998——2002欧洲语言文学系二外英语2003——2006，2009（2009有答案）公共外语教学部二外法语2001，2003-—2005（注：2001年的试卷共14页，缺第4页)二外日语2003二外德语2006—-2009英语基础知识2003--2005（2005有答案）英语语言文学基础知识2002阅读及英美文学、语言学基础2003——2009(2006——2009有答案）(注：2006—-2009年的答案只有语言学基础部分的答案）阅读理解与英美文学基础知识1998--2000阅读理解及语言学、英美文学基础知识2001阅读与写作2002翻译与写作2003——2004写作与英汉互译2003--2006,2009英语写作2000英汉、汉英翻译1998-—2002日本语言文学系二外英语2003—-2006，2009（2009有答案）基础日语2005-—2006综合日语2003——2006日本文学2004日本文学史2003日语语言文化2004音乐系音乐学基础2008—-2009中外音乐史2008——2009美术系设计史2007——2009设计史论2004——2006艺术概论2007——2009中外美术史2008—-2009物理系高等数学（无线电物理专业)1998，2001-—2005电子线路2001——2002,2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004,2006——2009（2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004机电工程系自动控制原理2000-—2002，2004——2006，2008——2009模拟电路与数字逻辑2000-—2002微机原理2003-—2005微机原理及应用2000——2002电子线路2001--2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009（2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003——2004数学科学学院综合基础Ⅱ（数学各专业）（含高等代数、抽象代数）2007,2010基础综合Ⅰ（含数学分析、实变函数、常微分方程）2005—-2006数学分析2003——2004高等代数2003化学系物理化学1990—-1991,2000—-2002，2004，2007——2009(2008有答案）高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010分析化学2008——2010无机化学2008—-2009化学工程与生物工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008——2010传递过程与单元操作2008-—2009材料科学与工程系高分子化学1999高分子化学与物理2008-—2010材料科学基础2008-—2009基础化学2008——2010生命科学学院生物化学1999-—2001，2003--2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002——2010生物学2005普通生物学1994—-2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998-—2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003，2005,2007-—2010动物学1993——2005海洋系生物化学1999——2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994-—2009微生物学2002—-2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000,2002—-2003，2005，2008--2009 生物学概论1999，2001，2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001——2010植物生态学1996-—2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987—-2002，2004——2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998—-2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005——2009动物生物学2003,2005,2007——2010动物学1993—-2005海洋地质学2008——2009海洋管理概论2005——2009海洋科学导论2008——2009声学基础与数字电路2003——2009数学物理基础2008--2009无机化学2008——2009物理化学2008——2009环境科学中心环境评价规划与管理2001—-2009（其中2001、2002年分为规划管理与评价学两份试题）环境学导论2002—-2009环境工程学2007-2010有机化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002—-2006分析化学（环境科学、环境管理专业）2002——2006，2008——2009生物化学1999-—2001,2003-—2010细胞生物学1994——2009微生物学2002--2010生物学2005普通生物学1994——2000，2002——2003，2005生物学概论1999，2001,2004生态学2007——2010普通生态学2001—-2010植物生态学1996——2003，2005普通生物学基础2004——2005海洋生态学1987——2002，2004-—2005动物生理与海洋生态学2003普通动物学1998——2003植物生理学1998——2002植物生理生化2003植物生物学2005—-2009动物生物学2003，2005，2007--2010动物学1993——2005普通物理学2008——2009计算机科学系数据结构与计算机组成原理2003——2007数据结构与高级程序设计1997—-2002（2001有答案,答案只有数据结构部分）数据结构与C语言2004操作系统与编译原理1997-—2001组成原理与汇编语言2002电子工程系高等数学(无线电物理专业）1998,2001—-2005模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002信号与系统2007——2008（2007有答案）电路、信号与线性系统2003—-2006,2009（2006有答案）（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题，共4页，缺第3、4页）自动控制原理2000-—2002,2004——2006,2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009［其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试］普通物理学2002—-2004，2006-—2009(2006——2007有答案）电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003—-2004光电子技术2008——2009自动化系模拟电路与数字逻辑2000——2002自动控制原理2000——2002,2004——2006，2008-—2009电子线路2001——2002，2008——2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试] 普通物理学2002——2004，2006——2009(2006-—2007有答案)电动力学2002量子力学2002量子力学与电动力学2003--2004数据结构2008—-2009通信工程系信号与系统2007-—2008(2007有答案)电路、信号与线性系统2003——2006，2009(2006有答案)（注：2006年试卷缺电路的题，只有信号与线性系统的题,共4页，缺第3、4页）电子线路2001—-2002，2008--2009[其中2001年试题名称为：综合考试]医学院生物医学研究院药物化学2008-—2009有机化学（医）2008-—2009生物化学2007——2009物理化学(医学院）2010生理学2010建筑系建筑设计2001——2002中外建筑历史2001——2002，2008——2009概念性快速建筑设计2008——2009建筑技术概论2008—-2009土木系材料力学2008——2009结构力学2008-—2009南洋研究院国际政治2003-—2009国际关系史2003——2009宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003——2004,2006，2009-2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002台湾研究院宏、微观经济学2006，2009—2010经济学2003-—2004，2006,2009—2010西方经济学2002，2005世界经济综合2000世界经济A 2000政治经济学2000综合考试（含政治经济学、宏观经济学）2002 政治学与行政学2004——2005（缺案例分析）中西文艺理论基础2000-—2002，2004—-2005 文艺评论写作2000-—2002中国现当代文学2000--2005文学基础2003——2004中外文学2000—-2002世界近代史2002世界现代史2002中国古代史2000通史1999中国近现代史2002——2004世界近现代史2003——2004现代政治思想（中、西）2008--2009教育研究院普通心理学1986-—1988,2000-—2005普通教育学2000——2005教育学1985,1987——1988高等教育学专业综合考试1985——1987心理学1985，1987发展心理学与教育心理学1987—-1988 中外教育史、比较教育学1999—-2001。

2011年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Which sport has the most expenses ______ training equipment, players’personal equipment and uniforms?A．in place ofB．in terms ofC．by means ofD．by way of正确答案：B解析：句子的大意为：就训练设备、运动员的个人装备和服装来说，哪项运动花费最多?A项in place of“代替”；B项in terms of“就……而言，在……方面”；C项bymeans of“凭借……”；D项by way of“用……方法”。

所以B项符合题意。

2．All______is a steady supply of water to the farmland.A．which needsB．that is neededC．the thing is neededD．need正确答案：B解析：句子的大意为：所需要的就是对农田用水的稳定供应。

本句主语为不定代词all，“that is needed”为主语的定语从句。

所以B项符合题意。

3．Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______obtaining water is not the least.A．for whichB．to whichC．of whichD．in which正确答案：C解析：句子的大意为：住在澳洲中部的沙漠区会面临很多问题，获取水资源还不是最重要的。

2008年厦门大学考博英语真题及详解I.Reading Comprehension(40%)Part A(30points)Directions:There are3reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions1-5are based on the following passageForum for the Future,working with Tesco and Unilever,reckon that by2022what we buy, how we buy it and who from will have changed radically.In their report,Retail Futures,they took ahead15years to see what lies in store for shoppers and the retail groups.They see not only new or bigger store chains,more sprawling retail parks,and more poultry products and pasta sauces. Their visions range from multi-storey car parks converted into city centre allotments or“vertical farms”with produce markets where the parking payment booths once were,to a nation of stay-at-home shoppers who let their fingers do the walking to order in almost everything they need or let their refrigerators do the talking,with automatic,direct-to-store reordering and home delivery every time yoghurt,salad or beer stocks run low.Forum for the Future,a sustainable development charity founded by veteran environmentalist Sir Jonathon Porritt and which now advises more than100organizations in the public and private sector,says the reality of2022is probably somewhere between the two extremes.“It will be a mixture,”said Tom Berry,the Forum’s main sustainability adviser.The high street is vital to the economy and the environment:nearly three million people work in retail which generates6%of UK GDP and2.5%of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. The Forum says stores and retail groups have“a disproportionate influence over society”as a result of marketing campaigns and daily dealings with consumers.The Forum’s researchers identified a range of factors which will affect what we buy,how we buy and who we will buy from in the next15years.They include:climate change,which is likely to affect agricultural production;higher-or lower-oil prices;new technology;advances in energy production;more globalization and demographic changes that will mean more immigrant labor and more elderly and single person households.They could prompt new shopping formats,says the Forum,like“Tesco Silver”outlets with customized products for retired baby boomers.They also reckon the bell could be tolling for endless aisles of utility products like toilet paper and bin liners,which might only be sold online, or from a utility section at the back of a store,alongside vast vats of liquids like fabric conditioner, where shoppers could fill reusable containers.The long queue at the checkout could also be history when bar codes are read for prices immediately an item is dropped into a trolley.The online revolution,says the Forum,has only just started:“We can anticipate innovations such as“entering your postcode for hyper-local sourcing”.Consumers,however,might,also use the internet to cut out the middleman and source direct from farms and manufacturers“so posing a threat to major retailers”.The explosion in the number of TV channels and the rise of the Internet to download entertainment means store chains will have to work far harder to build,and keep,consumers’One retailer told the researchers:“We won’t be able to rely on hitting millions of people at 7.45pm on a Wednesday night with a Coronation Street advertising slot”.The Forum came up with four-different visions of the future depending on high or low economic growth and changing consumer outlooks;whether shoppers want more convenience or to do more for themselves;perhaps buying more locally sourced products with more information about what their families are eating and wearing.1.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The big retailers and experts have forecast an individualistic,optimistic society wheretechnology is held in very high regards.B.The big retailers and experts have gazed into the future and seen a new world of shopping.C.The big retailers and experts have recognized that the economy is buoyant and big businesswill met shoppers’demands.D.The big retailers and experts have predicted that consumer confidence will be low andpeople rely on big business for security.2.Which of the following behaviors has been carried out by Forum for the Future according to the passage?A.It provides methods for consumers to measure their energy use and carbon emission.B.It promotes campaigns for the big retailers to build up consumer confidence.C.It provides counsels for some public and private organizations.D.It predicts that the big retailers would become more powerful in2022.3.According to the report,the shopping scenario for shoppers and retailers in15years time will include the followings,except______.A.vertical farmsB.orders from home refrigeratorsC.home deliveryD.fingers doing the walking4.Which of the following aspects has influence on people’s shopping behaviors according to theresearchers?A.The changes of the population.B.The emission of the country’s carbon dioxide.C.The emerging of the baby boomers.D.The rearrangement at the back of the stores.5.When the Forum advances four kinds of future consumption,the condition not taken intoconsideration is______.A.smart package productsB.purchasing more local productsC.economic growthD.consumers perspectives【答案与解析】1.B文章第一段Forum for the Future预测到2022年what we buy,how we buy it and whofrom will have changed radically.可知Forum for the Future预测的是将来人们shopping 的情况。

Ⅱ历年考研真题试卷答案解析
厦门大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析
科目代码：869
科目名称：生态学
招生专业：生态学、环境科学、环境管理
考生须知：答案必须使用墨（蓝）色墨水（圆珠）笔；不得在试卷（草稿）纸上作答；
凡未按规定作答均不予评阅、判分
一、名词解释（30分）
1．生态入侵:
【考查重点】：
这是第三章的内容，连续出现多年，需要重点掌握。

【答案解析】：
人类有意或无意地把某种生物带进新的地区，倘若当地适于其生存和繁衍，它的种群数量便开始增加，分布区也会逐渐扩大。

2．K-对策:
【考查重点】：
这是第四章的内容，连续出现多年，需要重点掌握。

【答案解析】：
利于竞争能力增加的选择称为k-选择。

k-选择的物种称为k-策略者（K-strategistis）。

k-策略者是稳定环境的维护者，在一定意义上，它们是保守主义者，当生存环境发生灾变时，很难迅速恢复，如果再有竞争者抑制，就可能趋向灭绝。

3．生态交错区:
【考查重点】：
这是第六章的内容，连续出现多年，需要重点掌握。

【答案解析】：
生态交错区又称群落交错区或生态过渡带，是两个或多个生态地带之间（或群落之间）的过渡区域。

《厦门大学869生态学历年考研真题及答案解析》24/77。