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《药理学》教学通用参考书及推荐阅读文献目录一、教学通用参考书1． Bertram GK 主编. 基础与临床药理学 (Basic & Clinical Pharmacology). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, McGraw-Hill. 第1版, 2001年2月.2． Hardman JG, Limbird LE 主编. 治疗学的药理学基础(Goodman & Gliman’s the Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. 10th editon). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, McGraw-Hill. 第1版, 2002年2月.3． Frishman WH, Sonnenblick EH 主编. 心血管药物治疗学 (Cardiovascular Pharmacotherpeutics). 西安: 世界图书出版公司, McGram-Hill Book Co Singapore, 1998年8月第1次重印.4．药物治疗学 (Pharmacotherapy, 4th edition). 北京: 科学出版社, McGram-Hill. 英文影印第1版, 2000年9月.5． Topol S 主编. 心血管病学 (Teabook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2nd edition). 济南: 山东科学技术出版社. 第1版, 2003年5月.6． Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC 主编. 分子神经药理学龄前 (Molecular Neuropharmacology). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, McGram-Hill. 英文影印第1版, 2001年11月. 7． Mycek MJ, Harvey RA, Champe PC 主编. 图解药理学散(Lippincott’s lllustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 2nd edition). 北京: 中国协和医科大学出版社, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 英文影印第1版, 2002年1月.8．杨藻宸主编. 医用药理学. 北京: 人民卫出版社. 第3版, 1994年6月.9．杨宝峰主编. 药理学. 北京: 人民卫出版社. 第6版, 2003年8月.10. 苏定冯主编.心血管药理学. 北京: 科学出版社. 第1版, 2001年10月.11. 杨藻宸主编. 药理学和药物治疗学. 北京: 人民卫出版社. 第1版, 2000年8月.12. 周宏灏主编. 分子药理学. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江科学技术出版社. 第1版, 1999年5月.13. 李家泰主编. 临床药理学.北京: 人民卫生出版社.第2版, 1997年.14. 陈修主编. 心血管药理学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 第3版, 2002年.二、推荐阅读文献第二章药物代谢动力学1. Shargel L and Yu A.B.C: Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, 3rd ed, East Norwalk, Appleton & Lange, 1993.2. Wilkinson GR. Pharmacokinetics: The Dynamics of Drug Absortion, Distribution, and Elimination. In: Hardman JG and Limbaird LE. Ed.The Pharamcological Basis of Therapeutics.New York. McGraw-Hill.2001，3-30.第三章药物效应动力学1. Kenakin TP, Bond RA, Bonner TI. Definition of pharmacological receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 1992;44:351-62.2. Stephenson RP. A modification of receptor theory. Br J Pharmacol. 1956;379:393第四章影响药物效应的因素1. Moyle G.Double "d" drug danger. AIDS Read. 2003;13:15-16, 23-24.2. Rogers JF, Nafziger AN, Bertino JS Jr. Pharmacogenetics affects dosing, efficacy, and toxicity of cytochrome P450-metabolized drugs. Am J Med. 2002；15;113:746-750.3. Weinshilboum R. Inheritance and drug response. N Eng J Med. 2003 Feb 6;348（6）: 529-537.4. Zhou HH, Koshakji RP, Silberstein DJ, Wilkinson GR, Wood AJ. Altered sensitivity to and clearance of propranolol in men of Chinese descent as compared with American whites. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:565-570.第五章传出神经系统药理学概述1. Jordan D. The autonomic nervous system and behaviour. Acta Neurol (Napoli).1991;13: 539-548.2. Yates BJ, Stocker SD. Integration of somatic and visceral inputs by the brainstem: functional considerations. Exp Brain Res. 1998;119:269-275.第六章胆碱受体激动药和胆碱受体阻断药1. Pitschner HF, Schlepper M, Schulte B, Volz C, Palm D, Wellstein A. Eelective antagonists reveal different functions of M cholinoceptor subtypes in humans. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1989;Suppl:92-196.2. Takayanagi I, Koike K, Satoh M, Okayasu A. Drug receptor mechanisms in smooth muscle: beta-chloroethylamine-sensitive and -resistant receptor mechanisms. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1997;73:1-22.3. Takayanagi I, Koike K, Satoh M. Transition of drug receptor mechanisms. J Smooth Muscle Res. 1992;28:35-54.第七章抗胆碱酯酶药和胆碱酯酶复活药1. Jokanovic M, Maksimovic M. Abnormal cholinesterase activity: understanding and interpretation. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1997;35:11-16.2. Sidell FR. Clinical effects of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors. J Appl Toxicol. 1994;14:111-113.第八章肾上腺素受体激动药1. Arch JR. beta(3)-Adrenoceptor agonists: potential, pitfalls and progress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 ;12;440:99-107.2. Civantos Calzada B, Aleixandre de Artinano A. Alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes. Pharmacol Res. 2001;44:195-208.3. Waldeck B. Beta-adrenoceptor agonists and asthma--100 years of development. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 ;7;445:1-12.第九章肾上腺素受体阻断药1. Haeusler G. Pharmacology of beta-blockers: classical aspects and recent developments. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16 Suppl 5:S1-S9.2. Wallukat G. The beta-adrenergic receptors. Herz. 2002;27:683-690.第十章局部麻醉药1. Grant SA. The Holy Grail: long-acting local anaesthetics and liposomes. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16:345-352.2. Leri F, Bruneau J, Stewart J. Understanding polydrug use: review of heroin and cocaine co-use. Addiction. 2003;98:7-22.3. Meechan JG. Supplementary routes to local anaesthesia. Int Endod J. 2002;35:885-896.第十一章全身麻醉药1. Rogers JF, Nafziger AN, Bertino JS Jr. Pharmacogenetics affects dos ing, efficacy, and toxicity of cytochrome P450-metabolized drugs. Am J Med. 2002;15:746-750.2. Tassonyi E, Charpantier E, Muller D, Dumont L, Bertrand D. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the mechanisms of anesthesia. Brain Res Bull. 2002;57:133-150.3. Zuurmond WW, Meert TF, Noorduin H. Partial versus full agonists for opioid-mediated analgesia-focus on fentanyl and buprenorphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2002;53:193-201.第十二章镇静催眠药1. Casellas P, Galiegue S, Basile AS. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and mitochondrial function. Neurochem Int. 2002;40:475-486.2. Mason PE, Kerns WP 2nd. Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) intoxication. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:730-739.3. Stahl SM. Selective actions on sleep or anxiety by exploiting GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor subtypes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:179-180.第十三章抗精神失常药1. Crider AM, Scheideler MA. Recent advances in the development of dopamine D（3）receptor agonists and antagonists. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2001;1:89-99.2. Frazer A, Benmansour S. Delayed pharmacological effects of antidepressants. Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7 Suppl 1:S23-S28.3. Jones HM, Pilowsky LS. Dopamine and antipsychotic drug action revisited. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:271-275.4. Sawa A, Snyder SH. Schizophrenia: diverse approaches to a complex disease. Science. 2002;296:692-695.5. Slassi A. Recent advances in 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonists and agonists and their potential therapeutic applications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002;2:559-574.6. Tarsy D, Baldessarini RJ, Tarazi FI. Effects of newer antipsychotics on extrapyramidal function. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:23-45.第十四章抗癫痫药1. Loscher W. Basic pharmacology of valproate: a review after 35 years of clinical use for the treatment of epilepsy. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:669-694.2. Pitkanen A. Drug-mediated neuroprotection and antiepileptogenesis: animal data. Neurology. 2002;12;59:S27-S33.第十五章治疗帕金森病及其他运动障碍的药物1. Factor SA, Friedman JH. The emerging role of clozapine in the treatment of movementdisorders. Mov Disord. 1997;12:483-496.2. Jankovic J. Complications and limitations of drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 2000;55(12 Suppl 6):S2-S6.3. Stern MB. Contemporary approaches to the pharmacotherapeutic management o f Parkinson's disease: an overview. Neurology. 1997;49(1 Suppl 1):S2-S9.4. Tintner and Jackovic. Treatment option for Parkinson’s disease. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2002;15:467-476.第十六章中枢神经系统兴奋药1. Donovan JL, DeVane CL. A primer on caffeine pharmacology and its drug interactions in clinical psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2001 Summer;35:30-48.2. Frank GC. The power of the perk. Understanding the health effects of caffei ne. Adv Nurse Pract. 2002;10:43-47.第十七章解热镇痛抗炎药1. Aspirin. New uses for an old standby. Mayo Clin Health Lett. 2002;20:7.2. Kawai S. Recent development of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Nippon Rinsho. 2002;60:2370-2377.3. Pham T. Comparative efficacy of antalgesics and noN-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Presse Med. 2002;7;31:4S3-S6.4. Richard Polisson. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: practical and theoretical considerations in their selection. Am J Med. 1996;2;100: 31-36.第十八章镇痛药1. Andersen G, Christrup L, Sjogren P. Relationships among morphine metabolism, pain and side effects during long-term treatment: an update. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003; 25: 74-91.2. Przewlocki R, Przewlocka B. Opiods in chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001; 429:79-91.3. Rogers JF, Nafziger AN, Bertino JS Jr. Pharmacogenetics affects dosing, efficacy, and toxicity of cytochrome P450-metabolized drugs. Am J Med. 2002;15;113:746-750.第十九章钙通道阻滞药1. Arekh AB & Penner R. Store Depletion and Calcium Influx. Pharmacology Review. 1997; 77:901.2. Gibson A, McFadzean I, Wallace P, et al. Capacitative Ca2+ entry and the regulation of smooth muscle tone. TIPS. 1998;19:266.3. Jackson WF. Ion Channels and Vascular Tone. Hypertension. 2000;35:173.4. Zhu X & Birnbaumer L. Calcium Channels Formed by Mammalian Trp Homologues. NIPS. 1998;13:211.第二十章抗心肌缺血药1. Deedwania PC, Carbajal EV. Role of beta blockade in the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1997; 80 suppl 2:S23-S28.2. Kubler W. Secondary and primary prevention of coronary heart disease: platelet aggregation inhibitors and anticoagulants. Z Kardiol. 2002;91 Suppl 2:40-48.3. Strashnyi VV, Lysenko AF. Evolution of the market of calcium dihydropyridinic antagonists and their use in the treatment of chronic forms of ischemic heart disease. Lik Sprava. 2002; 16-20.4. Walenga JM, Fareed J. Current status on new anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs and devices. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1997;3:291-302.第二十一章抗高血压药1. Fisher ND, Hollenberg NK. Is there a future for renin inhibitors? Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001;10:417-426.2. Guidelines Subcommittee: 1999 World Health OrganizatioN-International Society of hypertinsion guidelines for the management of hypertension. J Hypertens. 1999; 17: 151-183.3. Hollenberg NK, Sever PS. The past, present and future of hypertension management:a potential role for AT⑴-receptor antagonists. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2000;1:5-10.4. Oluwole BO, Du W, Mills I, Sumpio BE. Gene regulation by mechanical forces. Endothelium. 1997;5:85-93.第二十二章治疗慢性心功能不全的药物1. Haas S. Future potential indications for an oral thrombin inhibitor. Hamostaseologie. 2002;22:36-43.2. Hermann DD. Beta-adrenergic blockade 2002: a pharmacologic odyssey in chronic heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2002;8:262-9;283.3. Kohno M, Matsuzaki M. Drugs for the heart failure. Nippon Rinsho. 1994;52 Suppl(Pt 1):1072-1079.第二十三章抗心律失常药1. Brembilla-Perrot B. Antiarrhythmic drugs in atrial fibrillation. Rev Prat. 2002; 15; 52: 1317-1323.2. The search for novel antiarrhythmic strategies. Sicilian Gambit. Jpn Circ J. 1998; 62: 633-648.第二十四章调血脂药和抗动脉粥样硬化药1. Boumendil EF. Descriptive study of lipid-modulating drug use in a French professional population. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47:1163-1171.2. Lau BH. Suppression of LDL oxidation by garlic. J Nutr. 2001;131:985S-988S.3. Malkonen M, Muona M, Manninen V. Studies on hypoxic dyslipidaemia. Effect of lipid modulating drugs. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1982;668:130-135.4. Miyazaki A, Horiuchi S. Development of new antiatherosclerotic agents--ACAT inhibitors and CETP inhibitors Nippon Rinsho. 1999;57:2842-2847.第二十五章利尿药和脱水药1. Ambrosioni E, Bacchelli S. Delayed delivery diuretics: from pharmacology to clinical use. ardiologia. 1999;44 Suppl 1:533-536.2. Paul S. Balancing diuretic therapy in heart failure: loop diuretics, thiazides, andaldosterone antagonists. Congest Heart Fail. 2002;8:307-312.3. Ruzicka M, Leenen FH. Combination therapy as first-line treatment of arterial hypertension. Can J Cardiol. 2002;18:1317-27.第二十六章消化系统药1. Plosker GL, Lamb HM. Diclofenac/Misoprostol. Pharmacoeconomic Implications of Therapy. Pharmacoeconomics. 1999;16:85-98.2. Welage LS, Berardi RR. Evaluation of Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, and Rabeprazole in the Treatment of Acid-related Disease. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2000;40:52-62.第二十七章呼吸系统药1. Campbell LM. From Adrenaline to Formoterol: Advances in Beta-agonist Therapy in the Treatment of Asthma. Int J Clin Pract. 2002;56:783-790.2. Karlsson JA, Fuller RW. Pharmacological Regulation of the Cough Reflex—from Experimental Models to Antitussive Effects in Man. Pulm Ph armacol Ther. 1999; 12: 215-228.第二十八章子宫平滑肌药1. de Groot AN, van Dongon PW, Vree TB, Hehster YA, van Roosmalen J. Ergot alkaloids. Current status and review of clinical pharmacology and theraputic use compared with other oxytocics in obstetrics and gynaecology. Drugs. 1998;56:523-535.2. den Hertog CE, de Groot AN, van Dongen PW. History and Use of Oxytocics. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;94:8-12.第二十九章肾上腺皮质激素类药物1. Belvisi MG, Brown TJ, Wicks S, Foster ML. New Glucocorticosteroids with an improved therapeutic ratio? Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2001;14:221-227.2. Struthers AD. Aldosterone: cardiovascular assault. Am Heart J. 2002;144:S2-S7.3. Szefler SJ. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of budesonide: a new nebulized corticosteroid. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104:175-183.第三十章甲状腺激素和抗甲状腺药1. Cavalieri RR. Iodine metabolism and thyroid physiology: currentconcepts.Thyroid.1997; 7: 177-181.2. Cooper DS. Antithyroid drugs for the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:225-224.3. Eng PH, Cardona GR, Fang SL, et al. Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is assocoiated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide sympoter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Endocrinology 1999;140:3404-3410.4. Eskandari S, Loo DD, Dai G, et al. Thyroid Na+/I- sympoter, mechanism, stoichiometry, and specificity. J Biol Chem 1997;272:27230-27238.第三十一章胰岛素及口服降血糖药1. Gin H, Rigalleau V. Oral anti diabetic polychemotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. 2002;28:350-353.2. Horton ES, Clinkingbeard C, Gatlin M, et al. Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemia control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1660-1665.3. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 3). Lancet. 1998a;352:837-853.第三十二章性激素类与避孕药物1. Genazzani AR, Bernardi F. Estrogen effects on neuroendocrine function: the new challenge of pulsed therapy. Climacteric. 2002;5 Suppl 2:50-56.2. Pitkin J. Compliance with estrogen replacement therapy: current issues. Climacteric. 2002; 5 Suppl 2:12-19.第三十三章组胺与抗组胺药1. Simons FE, Simons KJ. Clinical pharmacology of H1-antihistamines. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2002;17:141-178.2. Winbery SL, Lieberman PL. Histamine and antihistamine in anaphylaxis. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2002;17:287-317.第三十四章 5-羟色胺和5-羟色胺受体阻断药1. Hoyer D, Hannon JP, Martin GR. Molecular, pharmacological and functional diversity of 5-HT receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;71:533-554.2. Jones BJ, Blackburn TP. The medical benefit of 5-HT research. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;71:555-568.第三十五章抗贫血药1. Burns DL, Mascioli EA, Bistrian BR. Parenteral iron dextran therapy: a review. Nutrition. 1995;11:163-168.2. Kapur D, Agarwal KN, Agarwal DK. Nutritional anemia and its control. Indian J Pediatr. 2002;69:607-616.3. Macdougall IC. Strategies for iron supplementation: oral versus intravenous. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999;69:S61-S66.第三十六章作用于凝血系统的药物1. Burns DL, Mascioli EA, Bistrian BR. Parenteral iron dextran therapy: a review. Nutrition. 1995;11:163-168.2. Kapur D, Agarwal KN, Agarwal DK. Nutritional anemia and its control. Indian J Pediatr. 2002;69:607-616.3. Macdougall IC. Strategies for iron supplementation: oral versus intravenous. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999;69:S61-S66.第三十七章免疫抑制药1. Jacobsohn DA. Novel theraputics for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002; 9:1271-1280.2. Jacobsohn DA, Vogelsang GB. Novel Pharmacotheraputic approaches to prevention and treatment of GVHD. Drugs. 2002; 62: 879-889.第三十八章免疫兴奋药1. Mocellin S, Rossi CR, Lise M, Marincola FM. Adjuvant immunotherapy for solide tumors: from promise to clinical application. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2002;51:583-595.2. Rhodes J. Discovery of immunopotentiatory drugs: current and future strategies. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002;130:363-369.第三十九章抗菌药物概论1. Bassetti M, Melica G, Cenderello G, Rosso R, Di Biagio A, Bassetti D. Gram-positive bacterial resistance. A challenge for the next millennium. Panminerva Med. 2002; 44: 179-184.2. Coates A, Hu Y, Bax R, Page C. The future challenges facing the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002;1:895-910.3. Labro MT. Antibiotics as anti-inflammatory agents. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002; 3: 61-68.4. Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001;358: 135-138.第四十章 ?-内酰胺类抗生素1. Mascaretti OA, Danelon GO, Laborde M, Mata EG, Setti EL. Recent advances in the chemistry of beta-lactam compounds as selected active-site serine beta-lactamase inhibitors. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5:939-953.2. Massova I, Mobashery S. Structural and mechanistic aspects of evolution ofbeta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5:929-937. 3. Page MI. The reactivity of beta-lactams, the mechanism of catalysis and the inhibition of beta-lactamases. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5:895-913.第四十一章氨基苷类抗生素1. Ambrose PG, Owens RC Jr, Garvey MJ, Jones RN. Pharmacodynamic considerations in the treatment of moderate to severe pseudomonal infections with cefepime. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;49:445-453.2. Bolzan AD, Bianchi MS. Genotoxicity of streptozotocin. Mutat Res. 2002;512:121-134.3. Geller DE, Pitlick WH, Nardella PA, Tracewell WG, Ramsey BW. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of aerosolized tobramycin in cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2002;122:219-226.第四十二章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及多肽类抗生素1. Paganini H, Marin M. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and antimicrobial spectrum of teicoplanin. Medicina (B Aires). 2002; 62 Suppl 2:52-55.2. Smilack JD, Wilson WR, Cockerill FR 3rd. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, and metronidazole. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991;66:1270-1280.3. Trefzer A, Salas JA, Bechthold A. Genes and enzymes involved in deoxysugarbiosynthesis in bacteria. Nat Prod Rep. 1999; 16: 283-299.第四十三章四环素类及氯霉素类抗生素1. Leviton I. Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Cancer Invest. 1999;17:87-92.2. Watanabe N, Kasahara A, Nakada K, Hayashi J. Mutagens inducing mutations in mammalian mitochondrial DNA. Nippon Rinsho. 2002;60:35-38.第四十四章人工合成抗菌药1. Hooper DC. Mechanism of action and resistance of older and newer fluroquinolones. Clin Infec Dis. 2000;31:S24-S28.2. Labeling requirements for systemic antibacterial drug products intended for human use. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2003; 68:6062-6081.3. Norrby SR. Side-effects of quinolones: comparisons between quinolones and other antibiotics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1991;10:378-383.第四十五章抗结核病药及抗麻风病药1. Abe C. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility testing and its standardization. Kekkaku. 1998;73:649-655.2. Talwar GP. An immunotherapeutic vaccine for multibacillary leprosy. Int Rev Immunol. 1999;18:229-249.3. Volmink J, Garner P. Interventions for promoting adherence to tuberculosis management. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;2:CD000010.4. Wada M. The adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis drugs and its management. Nippon Rinsho. 1998;56:3091-3095.第四十六章抗真菌药和抗病毒药1. de Clercq E. Highlights in the development of new antiviral agents. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2002;2:163-175.2. Fishman JA. Summary: future directions in antifungal therapy. Transpl Infect Dis. 2002; 4 Suppl 3:67-68.3. Rebora A. Antiviral drugs: unapproved uses, dosages, or indications. Clin Dermatol. 2002; 20:474-480.第四十七章抗寄生虫药1. Dominguez JN. Chemotherapeutic Agents Agonist Malaria: What Next After Chloroquine? Curr Top Med Chem. 2002;2:1173-1185.2. Ridley RG. Medical Need, Scientific Opportunity and the Drive for Antimalarial Drugs. Nature. 2002;7;415:686-693.3. Webbe G. Community-wide Treatment of Schistosomiasis with Praziquantel. Trop Doct. 1999;29:172-176.第四十八章抗恶性肿瘤药物1. Mormont MC, Levi F. Cancer chronotherapy: priciples, applications, and perspectives. Cancer. 2003; 97: 155-169.2. Schwartsmann G, Ratain MJ, Cragg GM, Wong JE, Saijo N, Parkinson DR, Fujiwara Y, Pazdur R, Nemman DJ, Dagher R, DiLeone L. Anticancer drug discovery and development throughout the world. J Clin Oncol. 2002; 20: 47-59.。
教师授课方案一、高血压概述血压是指血管内的血液对血管壁的侧压。
多以毫米汞柱为单位.现多以帕为单位。
血压可分为：动脉压、毛细血管压和静脉压。
血压一般为动脉压，它能促使血液克服阻力,向前流动,——-如动脉血压过低（低血压）则不能维持血液有效循环，以供应各器官组织的需要。
-——血压过高(高血压)则增加心脏和血管的负荷，心脏必须加强收缩才能完成射血任务，严重时可引起心室扩大，心输出量减少，使循环功能发生障碍；血压过高还可导致血管破裂，严重时要影响生命.高血压病是最常见的心血管疾病，是严重危害人类健康的主要疾病之一。
是冠心病、脑卒中、心肾功能衰竭的主要病因。
新知识：世界卫生组织最新的高血压诊断标准：成年人在收缩压140mmHg（18。
6kPa）或以上。
舒张压为在90 mmHg（12。
0kPa）或以上者为高血压。
取消了原来临界高血压的说法。
根据舒张压高度和脑、心、肾等重要器官损害的程度，可分为轻、中、重度或一、二、三度高血压病。
二、抗高血压药的分类中枢降压药神经节阻滞剂肾上腺素能神经阻滞剂血管舒张剂肾上腺素受体阻断药作用于离子通道的降压药肾素―血管紧张素系统（RAS）的降压药利尿降压药三、常用抗高血压药（一）利尿药代表药：氢氯噻嗪 Hydrochlorothiazide1.特点：临床抗高血压的一线药，可单独应用治疗轻度高血压或与其他药物联合应用治疗中、重度高血压。
2。
降压机制：用药初期机制:通过排钠排水，使细胞外液和血容量减少而降压；长期用药机制：钠量减少，钠—钙交换，使胞内钙含量减少①血管平滑肌舒张而降压；②血管平滑肌对收缩血管物质的反应性降低；③可诱导动脉壁产生扩张血管物质，如激肽、前列腺素等。
（二）血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶抑制药代表药：卡托普利 Captopril 依那普利Enalapril肾素-血管紧张素—醛固酮系统(RAAS）在心血管系统中是重要调节因素，亦参与了高血压的发病机制.ACEI通过对RAAS中的血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶抑制，减少Ⅱ的形成，从而发挥心血管系统疾病的治疗作用，可降低病死率，提高生活质量.机制：1。
第八章抗高血压药药物分类：1. 肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制药①ACEI卡托普利、依那普利、雷米普利、贝那普利②AT1受体阻断药氯沙坦、缬沙坦、厄贝沙坦、坎地沙坦2. 钙离子通道阻滞药硝苯地平、氨氯地平、尼莫地平、尼卡地平、尼群地平、维拉帕米、地尔硫卓3. 利尿药（噻嗪类）氢氯噻嗪4. 交感神经抑制药①中枢性抗高血压药可乐定、莫索尼定、甲基多巴②去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢阻断药利血平、胍乙啶③α受体阻断药哌唑嗪、特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、乌拉地尔④β受体阻断药普萘洛尔、拉贝洛尔、卡维地洛5. 血管扩张药①直接扩血管药硝普钠②钾通道开放药米诺地尔、二氮嗪第九章抗心绞痛药1. 硝酸酯类硝酸甘油、硝酸异山梨酯、单硝酸异山梨酯2. β受体阻断药普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔、其他3. 钙通道阻滞药硝苯地平、尼卡地平、氨氯地平、维拉帕米、地尔硫卓4. 其他抗心绞痛药曲美他嗪、吗多明、尼可地尔、伊伐布雷定第十章抗心力衰竭药物分类11. 作用于β受体的药物①β受体和α1受体阻断药卡维地洛②β1受体激动剂多巴酚丁胺、扎莫特罗2. 减负荷药①肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制药a. 血管紧张素I转化酶抑制药（ACEI）b. 血管紧张素II受体（AT1）拮抗药②利尿药轻度：噻嗪类；中度：口服袢利尿药或与噻嗪类与留钾利尿药合用；重度：静注呋塞米③血管舒张药④钙通道阻滞剂（二氢砒啶类慎用），氨氯地平和非洛地平3. 强心苷洋地黄毒苷、地高辛4. 非强心苷类氨力农、左西孟旦药物分类21. 正性肌力药①强心苷②β肾上腺素受体阻断剂③其他正性肌力药2. 非正性肌力药①血管紧张素受体阻断剂②血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂③利尿剂④血管扩张药第十一章抗心律失常药心律失常发生机制：1.冲动形成障碍：①正常自律机制改变；②异常自律机制形成。
2. 触发活动：①早后除极（EAD）；②迟后除极（DAD）3. 冲动传导障碍——折返激动：①环形通路，通路长度大于冲动“波长”；②单向传导阻滞;③折返。
第二十三章抗高血压药【内容提示及教材重点】成人血压经常≥21.3KPa（160mmHg）/12.6KPa（95mmHg）为高血压。
抗高血压药物的分类：一线用药包括：1.利尿药；2.血管紧张素I转化酶抑制及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（AT1）阻断药；3.β受体阻断药；4.钙拮抗药；其它药物有：5.交感神经抑制药包括中枢性抗高血压药、抗去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢药、肾上腺素受体阻断药；6.扩血管药（直接舒张血管药、钾通道开放药、其他扩血管药）（一）利尿药：中效利尿药如氢氯噻嗪、氯噻酮是基础降压药，单独使用适用轻度高血压，中重度时常与其他药物合用；高效利尿药仅短期用于高血压危象和高血压伴肾功能不全患者。
注意电解质和代谢紊乱，如低血钾, 高肾素, 高血糖, 高血脂等。
（二）钙拮抗剂：因松驰小动脉平滑肌，降低外周血管阻力而降压。
降压时一般不减少心输出量和心、脑、肾血流量；不引起体位性低血压；不引起水钠潴留；一般对老年人、低肾素活性的高血压疗效较好；二氢吡啶类对血管选择性强，降压易引起反射性交感兴奋(控释剂可延长作用时间，降低反射性兴奋作用)；（三）β受体阻断药：常用无内在活性的β受体阻断药；对支气管敏感者宜选用选择性β1受体阻断；该类药降压时作用缓慢、平稳，适用于轻、中度高血压(尤其是伴有心绞痛和脑血管疾病和心输出量和肾素活性高患者)；不引起体位性低血压；常口服给药(静脉给药因反射性交感神经兴奋，降压效果差),停药过快易至血压反跳；长期用药不产生耐受性(可长期用药)；常与利尿药、血管扩张药合用，取长补短。
（四）血管紧张素Ｉ转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（AT1）阻断药：ACEI如卡托普利，通过抑制整体或局部RAAS的AT Ⅱ形成，减少缓激肽的降解，对血管、肾发挥直接作用，并进一步影响交感神经系统及醛固酮的分泌而降压，降压时无反射性心率增快；对脂质和糖代谢无不良影响；改善血管重构，防止动脉粥样硬化；降压无耐受性；对心脏有保护作用；对肾脏有保护作用。
