名师考研英语阅读(一)

考研阅读理解英语一真题说到词汇量，就免不了要背单词，这也是我们每个考研人都感到头疼的地方。

大多数同学都有这样的体会，单词背了忘，忘了又背，做翻译阅读时，觉得很眼熟、很亲切，但就是想不起来，下文是我为你精心编辑整理的考研阅读理解英语一真题，希望对你有所帮助，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，谢谢!考研阅读理解英语一真题1Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2023，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers考研阅读理解英语一真题2Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awardsfor researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system ofpeer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo ofpeer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes anunrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must stillbe living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prizeif they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.真题解析：文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与2023年相比，2023考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了2023年3月份的一次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2023年基础物理学奖!所以2023考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。

考研英语阅读理解详解(英语一)考研英语阅读理解详解(英语一)解析一篇英语阅读理解文章，主要分为阅读理解题目的解答和详细解析两个部分。

本文旨在提供对考研英语阅读理解题型的详细解析，以帮助广大考生更好地掌握解题技巧和提高解题效率。

1. 阅读理解题目的解答(1) 第一题题目：According to the passage, what is the main subject of research in behavioral economics?选项：A. How emotions affect decision-makingB. How economic theories can be applied to psychologyC. How people make choices in different contextsD. How irrational behavior can be explained by logical theory解析：根据全文的内容，可以得出正确答案为C。

因为文章中提到，行为经济学主要研究人们在不同环境下的选择行为。

因此，A、B、D 选项都与文章内容不符。

(2) 第二题题目：Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?选项：A. Traditional economic theories are based on rational decision-makingB. Traditional economic theories are flawed and need to be replaced by behavioral economicsC. Behavioral economics is a field that studies the behavior of consumersD. Behavioral economics can explain all types of irrational behavior解析：根据全文的内容，可以得出正确答案为A。

2024考研阅读英语一The countdown to the 2024 postgraduate entrance examination has begun, and with it, the pressure mounts. The English section, known for its challenging reading comprehension, requires a strategic approach.Grasping the nuances of the English language is essential, as it forms the backbone of the reading comprehension section. It's not just about understanding the words, but also the context in which they are used.Vocabulary is the key that unlocks the door to comprehension. Expanding one's lexicon through consistentstudy and practice is crucial for tackling the dense textsthat await in the exam.Reading extensively is the path to fluency. From academic journals to novels, a wide range of materials should be explored to familiarize oneself with different writing styles and themes.Time management is a skill that must be honed. Practicing under timed conditions simulates the exam environment andhelps in developing the ability to quickly understand and answer questions.Lastly, perseverance is the fuel that keeps the journey going. The road to mastering English reading is long andarduous, but with consistent effort and a positive mindset, success in the 2024 exam is within reach.。

2024考研英语一阅读In the pursuit of academic excellence, the year 2024 marks a significant milestone for many aspiring postgraduate students in China as they prepare for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, commonly referred to as the "Kao Yan." The English section, particularly the English I, is a critical component of this examination, testing the candidates' language proficiency and their ability to comprehend complex texts.The English I section is designed to assess a variety of skills, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and translation. It is widely acknowledged that the reading component is one of the most challenging and time-consuming parts of the test. It requires not only a strong vocabulary but also the ability to understand nuanced meanings, infer implications, and analyze the structure of the text.To excel in the 2024 Kao Yan English I reading section, students must engage in rigorous preparation. This includes a consistent study schedule, extensive reading of diverse materials, and practice with past examination papers. It is essential to familiarize oneself with the types of questions that are commonly asked and to develop strategies fortackling them effectively.Moreover, the ability to read quickly and accurately is crucial. This skill can be honed through timed practicesessions where students are encouraged to read passageswithin a set time limit and answer questions based on the content. Additionally, understanding the context and the author's perspective is vital for answering comprehension questions correctly.Another aspect that cannot be overlooked is the importance of vocabulary. A robust vocabulary base is indispensable for interpreting the meaning of sentences and paragraphs. Students are advised to memorize a wide range of words, including both common and specialized terms that are frequently used in academic texts.Lastly, the translation part of the English I section tests the candidate's ability to convert complex English sentences into Chinese and vice versa. This requires a deep understanding of both languages' grammar and the ability to convey the same meaning in a different linguistic context.In conclusion, the 2024 Kao Yan English I reading section is a comprehensive test of a student's English language skills. With the right approach, including strategic study methods, extensive practice, and a focus on building a strong foundation in vocabulary and grammar, candidates can enhance their chances of achieving a high score in this competitive examination.。

考研英语一阅读历年真题考研英语一阅读历年真题1Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providerssuch as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks， for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and thelearning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.考研英语一阅读历年真题2Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by theJournals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. Ithink that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2022，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science考研英语一阅读历年真题3Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britains National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2022 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely“processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denhams report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latters expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The authors attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.考研英语一阅读历年真题4Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is f ar from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannotbuy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given themlegitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.真题解析：文章主题及背景学问：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，假如对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与2022年相比，2022考研阅读文章同样注意时效性，Text3便是反应了2022年3月份的一次实时大事：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2022年基础物理学奖!所以2022考研的同学们肯定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景学问，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项消失，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批判，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法转变的，名望是没法购置的。

Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。

考研英语一阅读及答案在考研英语一的阅读部分，考生需要阅读一篇文章或一篇文段，并回答相关的问题。

阅读部分通常分为三个段落，每个段落后面都有若干问题。

本文将分析考研英语一阅读部分的特点，并以一个范例来演示如何解答相关问题。

阅读部分的题目一般涉及学术性或实用性的话题，如科学、技术、社会问题等。

在解答问题时，考生需要准确理解原文，并灵活运用自己的知识和阅读技巧进行分析和推理。

以下是一篇关于电子垃圾处理的范例文章，我们将通过范例来说明解答问题的技巧。

题目：The Proper Handling of Electronic Waste段落一：Electronic waste, or e-waste, is one of the fastest-growing types of waste in the world. With the rapid development of technology, more and more electronic devices are being discarded, leading to significant environmental and health risks. E-waste contains hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which can contaminate soil and water sources if not properly disposed of.段落二：The proper handling of e-waste is crucial to minimize its negative impact on human health and the environment. One effective method is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted from electronic devices and reused. Moreover, proper recyclingprocesses can prevent the release of toxic substances and reduce the demand for raw materials.段落三：Another important approach is promoting extended producer responsibility (EPR). EPR is a policy that makes manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. By holding manufacturers accountable, EPR can incentivize them to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also encourage them to take back and recycle their own products.问题一：What are the environmental and health risks associated with e-waste?问题回答：The environmental and health risks associated with e-waste include the contamination of soil and water sources due to hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, which are present in e-waste. If not properly disposed of, these substances can have a detrimental impact on the environment and human health.问题二：What is one effective method for handling e-waste?问题回答：One effective method for handling e-waste is recycling. Through recycling, valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper can be extracted and reused, reducing the demand for raw materials and preventing the release of toxic substances.问题三：What is extended producer responsibility (EPR)?问题回答：Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a policy that holds manufacturers responsible for the entire life cycle of their products, including proper waste management. This policy encourages manufacturers to design products that are easier to recycle and dispose of, and also requires them to take back and recycle their own products.本文范例通过三个段落介绍了电子垃圾处理的重要性以及有效的处理方法，并给出了相关问题的解答。

题目：2020年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4精读精讲一、文章背景介绍2020年考研英语(一)试卷中的阅读部分包含了多篇文章，其中的text 4是考查考生阅读理解能力的重要部分。

text 4通常会涉及一些社会热点话题或者学术性较强的文章，考生在备考时需要对该文章进行精读精讲，掌握其中的语言知识和阅读技巧。

二、文章内容解析1.文章主题text 4的主题通常会涉及社会、政治、文化等方面的内容，对考生的综合能力提出了一定的要求。

考生需要通过对文章的理解和分析，把握文章的中心思想，理清文中的脉络，找出文章的主题是什么，作者想要表达的观点是什么。

2.文章结构文章的结构是文章理解的关键，它决定了考生在阅读时应该如何去理解文章的脉络和逻辑关系。

一般来说，文章的结构可以分为引子、主体和结论三部分。

引子部分主要是引出文章的主题，主体部分是对主题的展开和阐释，结论部分是对整篇文章做一个总结和概括。

在阅读text 4时，考生需要注意文章的结构，做好结构分析。

3.文章语言考研英语text 4的语言较为严谨，使用了大量的学术性表达和复杂的句型结构。

考生需要通过精读精讲，掌握文章中的重点词汇和句式，增加自己的词汇量和语言表达能力。

三、文章解读技巧1.注重细节在阅读text 4时，考生需要注重文章中的细节，通过细节提取能够更好地理解文章的主旨，加深对文章的理解。

2.善用语境在阅读时，考生需要善用语境，通过上下文的逻辑关系来理解文章中的难句，增加阅读的效率。

3.多角度分析阅读text 4时，考生需要通过多角度的分析来解读文章，从不同的角度去理解文章，找出文章中的深层含义。

四、文章解读步骤1.预读在开始阅读text 4之前，考生需要先对文章进行预读，把握文章的主题和结构，增加对文章的整体把握。

2.精读精讲考生需要对文章进行精读精讲，理清文章的逻辑思路，找出文章的重点和难点。

3.总结归纳精读完毕后，考生需要对文章进行总结归纳，把握文章的关键信息，做好笔记和归纳。

考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析【中国1考网】郭庆民阅读理解第一篇及译文与疑难长句注解和题解To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled byconverting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population bees more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year pared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailingin every other year.Measures of “needs” shade into measure of the human and physical enviro____ent in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical enviro____ent—purity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to bine robberies and murdersin a crime index; to bine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to bine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the “goodness” of the distribution of ine. There is surely consensus that given the same total ine and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, stateof the enviro____ent, we could not pute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to bine them.1. The author?s primary concern is to .［C］ show defects in a proposal ［D］ review literature relevant to a problem2. The author implies that man?hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it .［A］ ignores the conditions under which the output is generated［B］ fails to take into consideration theenviro____ental costs of production［C］ is not an effective method for reducing unemployment3. The most important reason why a single index of welfare cannot be designed is that .［A］ the cost associated with producing the index would be prohibitive［B］ considerable empirical research would have to be done regarding output and needs［C］ any weighting of various measures into a general index would be inherently subjective ［D］ accurate statistics on crime and pollution are not yet available4. An adequate measure of need must take into account all of the following EXCEPT .［A］ change effects on people of the weather［B］ differences in needs of urban and suburban populations［C］ changing requirements for gover____ental programs such as defense［D］ accessibility of park land and other premises5. The author regards the idea of a general index of welfare as .［A］ an unrealistic dream［B］ an important contribution［C］ a future necessity［D］ a desirable change1.index n.指数2.welfare ?n.福利3.well off 富裕的，顺利的4.construct vt.构造，创立5.press n.报刊；通讯社6.Gross National Product(ion) 国民消费总值(GNP)7.convert vt.转换；使改变信仰8.evaluate vt.评价，评估9.incur vt.招致，引起，惹起10.aspect n.方面11.handle vt.处理，运用12.per capita 每人的，人均的13.assumption n.假定，设想；承当14.other things equal 假定其他情况不变的话15.account for 说明；占16.prevail vi.盛行；胜过，占优势17.accessibility n.可接近性，获得的可能性18.deficient a.缺乏的；不完善的19.robbery n.抢劫，盗窃20.distribution n.分配，分发；销售21.consensus n.一致意见，共识22.pute vt.计算，估计1.enormously非常，宏大地2.desirability愿望，希求3.determinant决定因素4.real cost实际本钱5.involuntarily不情愿地，无意地6.vitally极为，生死攸关地7.urbanize使都市化8.suburbanize使市郊化9.shade into逐渐变为1.A glance at it would … index.(第一段)better off是well off(富裕的，处境好的)的比拟级形式，worse off与之意思相反。