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3
肿瘤的基本概念
These three malignant properties of cancer differentiate malignant tumors from benign tumors, which do not grow uncontrollably, directly invade locally, or metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant body sites like brain, bone, liver, or other organs
腺瘤I型
瘤
多发性内分泌 甲状腺癌 腺瘤II型
甲状旁经鞘瘤、白血病 NF2 I型
Li-Fraumeni 肉瘤、乳腺癌 白血病、脑肿瘤 P53 综合征
神经纤维瘤病 神经纤维瘤、 胶质细胞瘤、室管 NF2
II型
脑膜瘤
膜瘤
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11
肿瘤发生学说
三阶段学说 两次突变学说(克隆起源学说)
Cancer caused by a mutated gene is a hereditary cancer rather than a sporadic cancer
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29
抑癌基因
Mutations have been associated with increased risk of developing any kind of invasive cancer stomach cancer pancreatic cancer prostate cancer colon cancer
) 的活性 参与细胞分化、细胞周期及调控
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22
抑癌基因
PTEN