上海市普陀区2016学年第一学期质量监控试卷 高三英语(含参考答案)

上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末（一模）教学质量调研英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Love from the Apple TreeOnce upon a time, there used to be a tall and big apple tree. A little boy, every day to the tree down, climbed up 1 (pick) apples to eat, and slept in the shade of the tree. He loved the apple tree, and it loved to play with him. The little boy gradually grew up and stopped 2 (come) to play every day. One day he came to the tree, picked all the apples and left happily. Another day, the boy came again, and cut off all the branches, happily away to build a house himself. One summer, the boy came back, cut down her tree trunk, built a boat, 3 (sail) away, and did not come back for a long time. After years, the boy returned at last. He was old and wanted 4 more than a place to rest. “Old root is 5 (suitable) to sit down and rest, come on, sit down and rest with me!” The boy sat down, and the apple tree was so happy that it shed tears.This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parent. 6 we are young, we love to play with Mom and Dad. Having grown up, we leave them, and only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they 7 to make you happy.8 your parents can give you is not necessarily the best in the world, but they will try their best to give you all, and they are afraid that it is not enough; maybe they never said “I love you”, but love you in their own way for a lifetime, 9 is how most parents around the world show their love. For example, a tired father was watching his two daughters eat fried chicken, but he didn’t order anything, telling his daughters that he was not hungry, 10 more money in his pocket. We grow up to know that the world’s most affectionate lie is what the father and mother said: I do not love to cat it and I am not hungry.二、选词填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theTextbooks Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014.subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways thatconnection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, butcoming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be 15 up to the excessively high cost of their books—which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in 16 . But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself. While they may not be as dynamic(动态的)as an iPad, textbooks are not 17 or lifeless. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by raising questions for students to answer. That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to 18 questions.Today’s psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you 19 ?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you threw will land?” Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, choosing a textbook 20 can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace.三、完形填空Global surface temperatures last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average of 60.1 degrees, breaking previous records, from August 2016, by more than half arecord to the next,” said Ellen Bartow, a physical scientist with NOAA’S National Centers for Environmental Information.The report 22 what millions of people have experienced in recent months, including record-breaking heatwaves that have touched almost every corner of the globe. Asia, Africa, North America and South America had their warmest August on record, as did the Arctic, Europe and Oceania — a region that 23 Australia - had their second-warmest August on record, the report said.It wasn’t just the land that 24 : August set a record for the highest monthly sea surface temperature abnormally --- 1.85 degrees above average. The warming oceans 25 experiencing its fourth continuous month with the 26 shrinking sea ice, with Antarctica sea ice extent on record. Globally, sea ice extent in August was about 550,000 square miles less than the previous record low, set in August 2019.“We’ve seen unheard-of warmth in the global ocean, and that’s definitely alarming because its effects 27 beyond just the scope of the ocean,” Bartow-Gillies said. “Not only are you 28 marine habitats, but you’re affecting storm creation, you’re creating more instability in some areas, and you’re creating flooding events in other areas. There’s a whole host of 29 that come along with these warmer ocean surface temperatures that we’re seeing.”In fact, the report comes after a series of severe natural 30 that span the globe. This week, a Mediterranean storm caused serious flooding in Libya, killing more than 11,000 people. In Canada, wildfires burned through more than 42 million acres of forests this summer, and several are still burning. 31 global warming was not the singular cause of any of these disasters, heating of the Earth continues to 32 the likelihood of extreme weather events and wildfire worldwide.“The scientific evidence is 33 -- we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop 34 greenhouse gases,” read a statement from Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, which also35 that this summer was the hottest on record.21．A．distance B．jump C．travel D．flight 22．A．confirms B．emerges C．quotes D．argues 23．A．holds B．touches C．surrounds D．includes 24．A．boiled B．cooled C．stricken D．disappeared 25．A．contributed to B．suffered from C．resulted from D．devoted to 26．A．slowest B．lowest C．highest D．fastest 27．A．enlarge B．discharge C．extend D．undertake 28．A．creating B．saving C．remaining D．disturbing 29．A．issues B．debates C．events D．proposals 30．A．floods B．disasters C．storms D．earthquakes 31．A．Though B．Because C．Unless D．When 32．A．damage B．destroy C．decrease D．increase 33．A．irresistible B．unchangeable C．inaccessible D．unbearable 34．A．conveying B．releasing C．relieving D．dismissing 35．A．predicted B．expected C．doubted D．determined四、阅读选择The Adventures of Tom Sawyer changed the course of children’s literature in the United States as well as of American literature generally, presenting the first deeply-felt description of boyhood. Mark Twain published the novel in 1876, which centered on a smart naughty young boy living in a town along the Mississippi River. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer marked the further development of Mark Twain realism.An orphan, Tom Sawyer lived with his Aunt Polly and half brother, Sid, in St. Petersburg, Missouri; the fictional town was based on Hannibal, Missouri. The first few chapters highlighted Tom’s troubled tendencies. He angered his aunt by eating jam, and then he got in a fight with another boy. As punishment for his various misdeeds, Aunt Polly ordered him to whitewash the fence. However, Tom managed to convince other children that whitewashing was fun, and they ended up giving him various items for a turn at the fence. Later in the book Tom went to the cemetery with Huckleberry Finn, a wanderer whose father was a heavy drinker. They came across three grave robbers, including Injun Joe and Dr. Robinson. Thetwo men got into a fight, and Injun Joe murdered the doctor. Although Tom and Huckleberry promised never to tell anyone what they had seen, Tom eventually charged the escaped Indian Joc.At one point, Tom, Huckleberry, and a third boy decided to run away from home and became pirates (海盗). While on an island in the Mississippi River, they discovered that people thought they had died. The three dramatically reappeared during their funeral services. Tom and Huckleberry then decided to look for buried treasure in an abandoned house. The boys were forced to hide when Injun Joe and a partner arrived to bury their own treasure there. However, the two men then came across a gold storage in the house and decided to hide it elsewhere. One night Huck followed them, hoping to find the gold. When he overheard their plan to attack the Widow Douglas, Huck got help, and the crime was prevented. Tom later went on a picnic with his classmates. While exploring a cave, they became lost, and Tom later realized that the gold was likely to be in the cave, and he and Huckleberry discovered it. 36．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The story outlines the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.B．The story describes Mark Twain’s childhood.C．The story tells the story of Huckleberry.D．This passage comments on Mark Twain’s novels.37．What is the underlined part of the second paragraph trying to illustrate?A．Tom’s helpfulness.B．Tom’s honesty.C．Tom’sfriendliness.D．Tom’s naughtiness.38．What’s the correct order of the happenings in the third story?a. Huck followed those two.b. Then Tom and Huckleberry found gold.c. Tom and Huckleberry decided to search for buried treasure.d. Tom, Huckleberry and another boy ran away from home.A．a-c-b-d B．d-c-a-b C．b-a-d-c D．c-b-a-d39．In the author’s eyes, what kind of novel is the Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A．An interesting adventure novel.B．The most humorous story of children.C．The greatest works of children’s literature.D．The most popular historical novel.40．If you want to know the life of a cook, which novel would you choose?A．Edge of Here by Kelechi Okafor B．Starter Villain by John ScalziC．Creation Node by Stephen Baxter D．Land of Milk and Honey by C．Pam Zhang41．What does the underlined phrase mean in the first paragraph?A．A non-leading role.B．A viewer.C．A directorD．A writing style.42．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．In Fiction 2, the Solar System is getting colder.B．In Fiction 3, a single teacher inherited his uncle’s business.C．In Fiction 4, the author described events in the remote arca.D．In Fiction 5, you can experience black life through brain chips.In recent years, the International Space Field set off a new round of exploration craze, hoping to further master the space secrets and resources. Countries are busy developing rockets and satellites, developing manned space technology, formulating plans to explore the moon and Mars, and conquering space “One step ahead?”.When engineers develop a spacecraft, they ask a few key questions that guide their process, says David Klaus, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, who studies risk assessment and human spaceflight. They are, he explains, “What do we want to do? What does it take to do it? What can go wrong? And what can we do to reduce the chance of the bad things going wrong?” These questions seem simple enough, but the answers are essential.When NASA, SpaceX, Blue Origin or anyone else considers sending humans into space, the vehicle they build must do three things. First, it has to accommodate the crew members by meeting their basic needs such as oxygen, food and water. Second, it should allow them to accomplish mission objectives. Lastly, it must protect the people onboard and on the ground from the risks of spaceflight and reentry. Sometimes meeting one need introduces new risks. The crew needs to breathe, of course, but it was high-pressure tanks of liquid oxygen that caused an explosion on Apollo 13, and it was the fuel powering an oxygen generator that sparked a fire onboard the Mir space station in 1997.Not only do astronauts float through a near vacuum (真空) filled with radiation, but in low-Earth orbit, where the International Space Station (ISS) operates, crews have to deal with a growing cloud of debris (碎片) circling Earth, which are usually from old satellites. The ISS’s debris protective covering can absorb impacts from particles smaller than half an inch, but between 1999 and 2022, the station had to fire pushers 32 times to avoid contact with larger objects. A single hit would be dangerous; at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour, even something the size of a softball can cause severe damage.What is the point of looking decades into space and struggling to explore the vastness of the universe? The development of the space industry has brought humans many benefits, the most important of which is the spread of information. The cell phone signal and TV signal people use now are all benefiting from the development of the space industry. The ultimate goal of mankind is to go deeper into space, and to explore more unknown worlds, that is, the Moon, Mars and beyond, and what humanity is eager to achieve is a common home of freedom and equality.43．Why did the writer mention the explosion on Apollo 13 in Paragraph 3 and the fire onboard the Mir space station?A．To explain the high risks of the space industry.B．To show the disadvantages of the space travel.C．To prove the unexpected risks of the spaceflight process.D．To describe the new risks involved in meeting the requirements.44．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A．The space environment itself piles on danger.B．Any misstep on a space mission is fatal.C．It is very difficult to complete the space mission.D．Space engineers work hard to clean up space debris.45．What is the ultimate goal of human exploration of space?A．More unknown planets and stars.B．Freedom and equality of human beings.C．More protection against human diseases.D．Space secrets and endless resources. 46．What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?A．Studying space for countless years.B．Living in space for many years.C．Exploring space for some ten years.D．Observing space for several ten years.Is Human Brain Too Full?The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? The answer is no, because brains are more complicated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. 47 In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. 48 And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.49 When we search information, both relevant and irrelevant information will appear. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life.50 In a sense, forgetting is how our brains categorize memories, so the most relevant memories are ready to be taken out. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.A．While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability stressful.B．But in a new study researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occursin the brain.C．In the future, with the deepening of brain science research, human beings will eventually unlock the secrets of the brain.D．This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.E．When we obtain new information, the brain automatically attempts to make it into existing information by forming associations.F．The outside world is a judgment of the brain, but humans just don’t realize it.五、书面表达51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ChatGPT Helps People a LotIn real life, robot customer service in various applications are broadly similar to ChatGPT’s Al products. It is ChatGPT’s ability to learn the most with the highest level of intelligence that has made it a global hit. At the end of November 2022, AI research lab OpenAI launched AI chat software ChatGPT. So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people?First, chat with ChatGPT as if it were your friend when you’re bored, and it will constantly revise its parameters (参数) and behavior with your advice and guidance. So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. Take travel as an example. While there are a lot of travel recommendation sites out there right now, they can’t be customized to the individual, but you can ask ChatGPT for very specific information to get suggestions.Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. Children in the growth always like to listen to parents tell new stories, and story-telling gives a lot of parents a headache. What should we do when we run out of storybooks? ChatGPT is a great story generator, which generates a whole new story, as many as you want, based on the themes and characters you provide. It’s perfect.Third, let ChatGPT help you out when you’re not sure how to get started with a paper, oran article. Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there. Enter information about the type, title, column name, data, and so on, and ChatGPT will generate the table with one click. You can add columns and rows and do in-table calculations.According to ChatGPT’s own answer, it’s just an unconscious computer program. It can carry on self-active learning and realize task transfer under the regular instruction. Docs the answer ChatGPT gives you have to be the right answer? For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________六、翻译52．网络社交并不能代替现实生活。

2016年普陀区一模卷英语试题及答案2016年普陀区一模卷英语（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part I Listening (第一部分听力)略II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. He has a good m e mory for face.B.The valley goes from w e st to east..C. She has changed a lot in r e cent years.D. He had a pain in the n e ck..27. Which of the following words matches the sound /ba?t/?A. bitB. biteC. beatD. boat28. These two little girls were chatting happily all ________ way to school.A. aB. anC. theD. /29. The 17th Shanghai International Arts Festival ended November 16thA. onB. atC. inD. until30. Alice was shown around London by a friend of yesterday.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself31. The book is useful because it gives us advice on how to improve memory.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much32. We should be friendly to the old and care them in daily life.A.withB. forC. ofD. by33. Four students of the Drama Club come from Grade7, all come from Grade8.A anotherB othersC the otherD the others34.Don’t be afraid to make mistakes, you’ll never really learn the language.A orB soC butD and35.With all the lights on,the Bund looks much when the night falls.A beautifulB more beautifulC most beautifulD the most beautiful36. You are not allowed to enter the theater you have a ticket.A becauseB WhenC ifD unless37.Let’s have a discussion about whethea it is to talk on the phone while driving.A safeB saveC safetyD safely38.As it gose cooler ,you had better a coat over your sweater.A wearingB wearC to wearD wears39.In order to finish the task in time,John kept for four hours without rest.A workB to workC worksD working40.——did you take swimming classes last term?-——Once every two weeks.A How oftenB How manyC How longD How far41.My sister plenty of volunteer work in the past seven years.A doeaB is doingC has doneD had done42.Flora looked out of the window and found it heavily.A snowsB snowedC has snowedD was snowing 43——Doctor,it is too hard for me to give up smoking.——For your own health,I’m afraid youA canB mayC mustD need44.——You’ve done such a great job in the English speech contest, Sarah.——_________.A I agree with youB Thanks a lotC Please don’t say soD It’s hard to say 45——would you like me to get a cup of coffee for you?——_________.A Yes, please.B No, I wouldn’tC Yes, I’d like toD No, I don’t think so.III. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once(将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次）(共8分)A exercisingB causeC confidentD physicalE screenMillions of people now use computers for many different things. We often hear that computers have changed our lives for the better, But have they?Of course computers are useful, and have changed some people’s lives for the better. However, they also 46 problems, too. A large number of people who use computers a lot can get problems. They find that their eyesight get worse. For example. If they look at the 47 for too long . There will be in jures in computers users’ hands and arms.as people use the keyboard and the mouse too much .people who have computers are also spending more time sitting down. And less time 48 ; so many of them are becoming overweight.A turn offB properlyC responsibleD break downE teenagersAddiction is also a problem with more young people. They can spend hours and hours in chat rooms and surfing the net. Sometimes until very late an night. This means they can’t work or study 50 and can have problems keeping friends.Some studies in the unites states have shown that it 51 spend many hours, they will go with get lonely and upset.“Computers can be really useful to children. But parents and teachers sued to help children to learn to use computers in 52 and creative ways. ” says teacher Jane Shields. “ And children should also learn when it is time to 53 the computers and head outside to do something different.”IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable form(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。

上海市普陀区 2021-2022 学年第一学期高三质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a library. B. In a study hall C. In a restaurant. D. In a furniture store.2. A. Have a meeting. B. Have a meal. C. Go to work. D. Do some cooking.3. A. $5. B. $7.5. C. $10. D. $15.4. A. Tiring. B. Relaxing. C. Dull D. Worthy.5. A. The woman’s boots don’t fit her feet.B. The woman’s pullover matches her boots.C. The woman shouldn’t have worn the boots.D. The woman should buy the pullover instead of the boots.6. A. Working in a garden. B. Searching in a ship.C. Wandering in a street.D. Exploring in a cave.7. A. Discouraged. B. Annoyed C. Impressed D. Disturbed.8. A. The clothes are made from plants.B. The models are wearing real leather.C. The models are dressed up with pineapple leaves.D. The clothes are designed by some biology scientists.9. A. He will adjust his schedule.B. He doesn't like football lessons.C. He was too busy to take the lessons.D. He finds the football field crowded.10. A. She may get a tax refund for the skirt.B. She is likely to pay the bill by herself.C. She will lose weight to fit into the skirt.D. She may change the skirt for a larger one.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Long-distance runners should have light, thin bodies.B. Training in mountainous regions gives runners advantages.C. Many factors contribute to the success of marathon runners.D. Runners from mountainous areas are good marathoners.12. A. Efficient use of oxygen. B. Motivation to run.C. Slow breathing rate.D. Light and slim bodies.13. A. They give trainers positive feedback.B. They seldom get financial rewards.C. They mostly live in poor conditions.D. They gain nationwide popularity.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14 A. The first complete map of the world's coral reefs has been launched.B. Arizona State University has supported the coral science activities.C. Paul Allen's private company created super coral to help save reefs.D. Greg Asner will create the first worldwide, detailed coral reef map.15. A. A researcher from Arizona State University.B. The late co-founder of Microsoft Corporation.C. The manager of a private financial company.D. A professor from the University of Queensland.16. A. To gain free access to reef data.B. To join Asner’s team.C. To make their work more effective.D. To see the development of the maps.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The diary his grandfather kept.B. The stories his grandfather told him.C. His imagination of how his grandfather worked.D. His observation of how his grandfather worked.18. A. Repetition of words and phrases.B. Scenery painted in grey and brown.C. Long pauses within conversations.D. Cold atmosphere in the waiting room.19. A. He copes well with stress.B. He likes to have clear guidelines.C. He is patient and cooperative.20. D. He thinks he is a good leader.A. An actor forgetting his lines.B. An equipment failure.C. The wheelchair stuck on the stage.D. The injury of a character.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Billionaires Race to SpaceIn late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire100kilometers）founder of Amazon（23） __________(fly) to the edge of space—62 mile（sabove Earth's surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.“Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, （22）___________others weren't so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued,（23）___________be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first （24）__________ （c riticize ）a bout wasting enormous personal wealth. A week （25 ）__________the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund,（26）__________（develop）by his company Virgin Galactic.Critics say that the money（ 27） __________（go） toward commercial space travel w ould be better spent on（28）__________they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. （ 29 ）__________naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, "traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds（30） __________（put）toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That's money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. displacedB. featureC. groupedD. headlinesE. houseH. projected I. solution J. sustainableF. inevitableG. neutralK. withstandRainwater pouring into the New York City subway. Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater. These dramatic scenes made 31 in September 2021. As many as 40.5 million people have already been 32 by the effects of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, along with extreme flooding, are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk. By 2050, more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to 33 sea-level rise, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land.One solution architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years is to build floating cities. In 2019, the United Nations brought together a group of innovators. scientists, and marine engineers to discuss the future of 35 sea-based communities. “As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too,” said U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J.Mohammed. “Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption, as buildings can rise along with the sea.”These cities can be designed as climate 36 .They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics（水耕法）. “From traditional houseboat communities to high-tech experiments,there are many examples to learn from,” she added.Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development. Another planned community that's attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City, which is 37 to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years.Plans for Oceanix City 38 groups of hexagon-shaped（六边形）islands powered by solar and water energy. Tied to the seafloor, each human-made island would 39 around 300 people; the islands would be 40 together in communities of about 10,000residents.Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air, and dine on a ready supply of seafood.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that’s shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no 41 , makes its own electricity, and isn’t affected by bad weather. This is the hyperloop, a new vision for the world's 42 , safest, and greenest form of transportation. Many have 43 this new technology, but others say the hyper loop vision is just a bunch of hot air.Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float, stabilize, and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of mites through 44 tubes. Without air orground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.Supporters of the technology promote additional 45 of transporting passengers and cargo by hyperloop. For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport that's 46 , such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis. While the 47 would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan for them to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour. That’s more than twice the passenger 48 of the world's fastest trains.Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be 49 so they wouldn't interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife. And tubes would be covered with solar panels to power the hyperloop's systems. 50 , advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the future.But not everyone is on board. Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned, and otherwise they won’t be 51 for passengers. This would add several miles to the proposed tube tracks, Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the 52 out of the tubes before each vehicle’s departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast or serve as many passengers per hour as advertised, making them 53 existing high-speed transportation options.Hyperloop companies say they're 54 these concerns. They claim that they can safely maintain high speeds by having the vehicles bank around the turns as a plane does. And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer to 55 vehicles quickly, frequently, and safely.41.A. pollution B. sound C. energy D. wind42.A. cleanest B. lightest C. latest D. fastest43. adapted B. explored C. embraced D. developed44. totally hollow B. nearly airless C. steadily narrow D. highly flexible45. advantages B. costs C. qualities D. situations46.A. in constant demands B. on strict timetablesC. in changeableD. on essential services47.A. cabins B. lorries C. tubes D. vehicles48.A. fare B. capacity C. speed D. comfort49.A. underground B. parallel C. elevated D. shared50.A. However B. Therefore C. Beside D. Otherwise51. A. available B. economic C. easy D. safe52. A. force B. air C. heat D. water53. most popular of B. superior to C. no better than D. least profitable54. addressing B. causing C. voicing D. releasing55. ride B. pilot C. park D. alertSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Frida Kahlo was one of the most influential Latin American figures of the 20th century. As the daughter of a German father and a Mexican mother, she was born on July 6, 1907. She grew up in Coyoacan, on the outskirts of Mexico City.When she was seven, a viral disease called polio made her very sick, weakening the muscles in her right leg. While in school. Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution. It was essentially a fight for better living conditions for the disadvantaged. Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasants' rights. Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries.To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, he began to paint. In her paintings, Kahlo really explored her identity. Her Work deals wither status as a woman, her mixed ancestry, her turbulent marriage to Mexican communist painter Diego Rivera, the pain of her injuries, and her commitment to revolutionary politics. Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical, but Kahlo never considered herself a surrealist. Kahlo's work is unique because she took the bright colors and dramatic symbolism of Mexican culture and combined them with traditions from European art.In the most famous painting called "Two Fridas," she paints two versions of herself, one in traditional Mexican clothes and another in European clothes of an earlier century. A vein （静脉）connects the hearts of the two women, and blood is dripping out from one end. This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced.If you look closely.you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt.Check out how one of the hearts is broken. and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers.In a lot of ways, Kahlo had an unhappy life. She died when she was only 47 years old. Her art is filled with sadness, but it also expresses pride in her Mexican heritage and the joy of being a woman.56. What led Kahlo to support the rights of poor laborers?A.The fact that her father was a German migrant laborer.B.The time she spent working as a laborer during the 1920s.C.Her marriage to the Mexican nationalist painter Diego Rivera.D.Her experiences in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.57. Place the following events in time order: ①Kahlowas hurt in a bus accident; ②Kahlowitnessed the Mexican Revolution; ③Kahlobegan painting.A.①②③B. ②①③C. ②③①D. ③①②58. The underlined word "turbulent" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A.artistically well-matchedB.fantastic and extremely lovingC.filled with dramatic ups and downsD.very politically conscious59. How were Frida Kahlo's paintings similar to those of the surrealists?A.They both focused on gender identity.B.They both promoted socialist politics.C.They both contained dreamlike imageryD.They both combined Mexican and European art.（B）Aussie Walkabout ExperienceGo behind the scenes at Auckland Zoo and come eye to eye with some of our Australian neighbors. Come to the zoo before opening hours and experience the morning sights and sounds. Help the keepers feed the kangaroos and koala in the AussieWalkabout and take breakfast to a wide variety of birds.Tour features●A small group fully accompanied by an experienced guide.●Y our guide will photograph you immersed in your tour. The photos will b e recorded onto a complimentary CD, which you will receive at the tour conclu sion. A fantastic visual record of your unforgettable experience.PricingFamily: $220（2 adults, 2 minors）Adult: $80Minor（6-15years）: $40Tour dates and timesThe Aussie Walkabout tour runs on Thursday, Friday and Saturday—departing from the Information Centre at 8:00 am. This tour is approximately an hour and a half in duration—finishing at 9:30.Important things to know:◆G roup sizes vary from two to four people.◆T he minimum age for this tour is six years old and if you are under fifteen years of age you must be accompanied by a paying adult.◆Y ou may leave your kids under six with the babysitters at Aussie Fun Nurs ery next to the Information Center. There is a $10 charge for the service*（. Parent al Consent Form required）◆W ear flat, enclosed shoes and appropriate clothing for the weather conditions.◆P lease do not wear any loose jewellery or red clothing.*This service is only for those guests the have booked the Aussie Walkabo u t tour.Arrival detailsParticipants must arrive at the zoo by 8:00 am. If you arrive after this time there will be no opportunity to join the group, so please ensure you allow enough time for travelling and parking in the car park near the entrance. Your guide will give the group an initial personal safety briefing before the tour starts. Participants should note this iscompulsory.60. All the participants are required to __________.A.pay for the photos recorded onto a CDB.attend a talk on security before the tourC.pick up the guide in the car park near the entranceD.assist in the feeding of different species during the tour61. If a couple with their children, aged 5. 8. and 10 want to take part in this activity, how much will they pay?A.$220.B. $230.C.$260.D. $270.62. Which of the following is true according to the brochure?A.There is a free car park for visitors to the zoo.tecomers will be granted entry to the next tour.C.A minimum of four people are permitted on each tour.D.The tour takes place when the zoo is closed to the public（C）A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn't need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps. highest must aim highest. and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life's problems with grace as well.The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their uniforms. It's that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That's stupid and it makes the rest of us down here lazy.I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother,Lucy,to my favorite law professor,Howard.But these are personal contacts, people who have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal（基座）built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time,but it's dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who blindly adores.That was Barkley's point,not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn't abandon ourown moral compasses and look to them for true north.Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney genera（l首席检察官）in Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor（叛徒）for publicly attacking a fellow female when we need to stand together behind this "role model", or a fool for not going a step further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people? The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being anattorney general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can't just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we'd learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.63. Many people were angry with Charles Barkley mainly because ____________.A.he broke fundamental principles in lifeB.he was not good enough to be a role modelC.he doubted the perfection of some sports figuresD.he thought sports figures could have weaknesses64. According to Barkley, why is it dangerous to take public figures as heroes?A.Because we may let go of our own moral standards.B.Because an athlete or actress cannot match our dreams.C.Because we blindly admire public figures for their faults.D.Because we shouldn't waste time imitating public figures.65.From the passage we can infer that Kathleen Kane was _______.A.unfairly criticized due to being femaleB.the first female attorney general in the USC.less qualified than the public had expectedD.a role model for women seeking elected office66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Be Our Representatives for PerfectionB.Exploration of Our Own Heroic PotentialC.Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public FiguresD.Our Conventional Views of Female PoliticianSection CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefullymatching people to jobs.B.For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.C.High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.D.Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.E.The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization's culture.F.Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead toperformance goals.Motivating Employees under Unfavourable ConditionsIt is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of o ptimism. When an organization is shrinking,the best a nd mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. 67 The minor employees remain because their job options are limited. Morale（士气）also suffers during decline.People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary.Productivity often Suffers,as employees spend their time sharing rumors and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs.68 Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. Thechallenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.69 For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unitwithin a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management's perceptions of the employee's ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. 70Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.IV. Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Can Birdsong Make You Happier?If you are able to step outside and hear many types of birds, you might also have a greater feeling of well-being. Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University.The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S.state of Colorado. Danielle Ferraro, who led the Cal Poly study, says that there could be an evolutionary reason why we like birdsong. The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us. There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.Similarly, scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. The researchers looked at the European Quality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction. They looked at more than 26,000 adults from 26 European countries. "Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if their surroundings have a high species diversity," explains the study's lead author, Joel Methorst, a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.11So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, "We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can't necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板.（r ule）73.在任何情况下，我们都不能自行修理这电烤炉，以免发生危险。

上海市浦东区2016学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2016.12I. Listening Comprehension (25%)Section ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed.C. Excited.D. Puzzled.2. A. An accountant. B. A surgeon.C. An artist.D. A scientist.3. A. 2000 yuan. B.3200 yuan.C.1200 yuan.D.3600 yuan.4. A. On a plane. B. In a physical medical room.C. In a boat.D. In a school rest room.5. A. A job. B. An article.C. A book.D. An author.6. A. Twins. B. Classmates.C. Friends.D. Cousins.7. A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular exercises.D. Be careful when climbing steps.8. A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300 dollars to his budget.C. Travel overseas on his own.D. Join a package tour to Mexico.9. A. In case some problems should occur. B. In case they should be late.C. To avoid more work later on.D. To make better preparations.10. A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B. The rock band is going to play here for a month.C. Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its strong education system. B. Its population.C. Its growing tourism industry.D. Its bilingual signs.12. A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.B. More money should be spent on teacher training.C. An English-speaking environment should be built.D. Tourism industry should be promoted.13. A. The foreign investment will increase.B. It will bring the economic and social benefits.C. The education system will be strengthened.D. It will improve Singapore’s ranking in English level.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.13. A. He shopped for groceries.B. He took care of his sick parent.C. He cared for his younger brother.D. He made important family decisions.15. A. It may help children grow up quickly.B. It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.C. I t will turn children’s responsibility into a delight.D. It will make children more isolated and confused.16. A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.B. Children taking on adult responsibility.C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.D. The environment for children’s better growth.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tour guide. B. Editor.C. Journalist.D. Typist.18. A. Some newly discovered scenic spot.B. Big changes in the Amazon valley.C. A new railway under construction.D. The beautiful Amazon rain forests.19. A. In news weeklies.B. In newspapers’ Sunday editions.C. In a local evening paper.D. In overseas edition of U.S. magazines.20. A. To become a professional writer.B. To get her life story published soon.C. To be employed by a newspaper.D. To sell her articles to a news service.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream,young lady?”“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it fo r a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “What’s my motivation?”I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made me think: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,”Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ —runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportu nists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing(杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. natureSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-old entrepreneur （企业家）was on vacation in England four years ago and had to look up at the London Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging above him was a capsule full of diners who were served a new course each time a revolution was made. “I thought that was the coolest thing ever”, hesays. Baras, who founded in 2012to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, hasbeen studying them ever since.Pop-ups, which have been around since at least theearly 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours toseveral months, but their defining feature is that they aretemporary. They may be only a tiny part of the $709billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten aboost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way forentrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant ownerssee them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession（衰退）.The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menuconcept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back of somebody else’s kitchen cooking somebody else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves —and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups’ temporary natur e also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won’t tire of the concept. Some entrepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations —in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane —to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”56. What does the underlined part “a revolution was made” in Paragraph One possibly mean?A. Chefs designed creative dishes.B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.D. Great changes were made in the food industry.57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restauran ts’ fast development?A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideB. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingC. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basisD. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs’ originality59. The writer’s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsB. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsC. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurantsD. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants’ development(B)In four countries with fast-developing economies (BRIC) –Brazil, Russia, India, and China –the agricultural sector has become a proving ground for innovation.Juergen V oegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that“by transforming agriculture, we will not only meet thechallenge of feeding nine billion people by 2050 but do so inways that create wealth and reduce its environmental footprint.”BRAZILSoybeans on the RisePreserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil’s soybean production has increased. The country is now the world’s second largest producer of the crop. How did this happe n?Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This progress, says the World Bank’s Juergen V oegele, is an example of how “producing more food coexist with protecting the environment.”60. According to Juergen V oegele, innovation in agriculture will lead to all the following except ______.A. increased wealthB. the solution to the world’s food crisisC. less impact on natureD. the challenging of feeding the world’s population61. Which one is the appropriate number to fill in the blank in the chart?A. 95.6B. 104.2C. 14D. 8.662. What is the most important problem Brazil is faced with?A. Feeding nine billion people by 2050.B. Increasing its soybean production.C. Protecting its rain forest from deforestation.D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.(C)Spain’s Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes’book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it’s a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you’ll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as “Don Quixote de La Mancha”, an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinan te is not exactly cut out for life as a knight’s horse. He’s tired from years of farm work. He’s unlikely t o be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer’s daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes “Dul cinea del Toboso”, or “the sweet woman of Toboso”. How does Aldonza feel about Quijano’s attentions? She doesn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano’s imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Ce rvantes’ second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano’s house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight’s should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn’t often succeed.Cervantes’ novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano’s romantic nature: “quixotic”. In English we usethe word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes’ genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.63. On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.C. An En glish genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary of his death.64. Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote’s failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.66.According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .A.Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB.Quijano’s adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano’s quixotic nature in a truthful comedy.D. Quijano’s vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to lifeSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ten years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion forscience and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher.___69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.IV. Summary Writing (10%)Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what’s good for us and what isn’t, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It’s hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-fr ee’ milk? Tofu or chicken? It’s hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket. There are other benefits, too. Working together in the garden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.V. Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.解除病人的痛苦是医生的职责。

2016年上海普陀区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、综合填空（共16小题，每题1分，满分16分）1、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模（A篇）第25~33题Different forms of hospitality （好客）I am a British woman social anthropologist （人类学家）. I once spent a year in Moldova, in Eastern Europe,1（study） everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.I often found2surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes ofa Moldovan. This was3the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not toget4（involve） in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the centralmarket5（bring） back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.I was often invited to people's homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into theirhomes,6they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible.7 a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already been made, generally by the men,8were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected visitors were still offered as much food and drink as thehousehold9provide in the circumstances.2、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模（B篇）第34~40题How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth centuryThe majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteenth century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another,usually1（grow） food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other goods for sale.The labour was controlled by the husband,2his wife and children, too, had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the difference between starvation and survival.Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers. School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing3their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring4animals, sewing was handed down from parent to child.Also, most people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and thefamily5（pay） to work with cloth, wood or leather. In general, this work could be put aside and taken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.The process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. It was the use of steam to powermachinery6required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerous factories in many towns and cities. These in turn7（encourage）migration from the countryside in search of work. If electricity had preceded steam, domestic industry might have survived more fully.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）3、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模第41~50题2018~2019学年上海杨浦区上海市杨浦高级中学高二上学期期中第31~40题10分(每题1分) Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity boost （长寿原因） seems to come from marriage or a（n）1relationship. The effect wasfirst2in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers （鳏夫） were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. Theeffects3for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Marriage can do a lot. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can4to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip （翻转） side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and looking for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same5problems. Evenso, some people still favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10, 000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are6, affected by social-economic factors, health-service supply, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune （免疫力） system, leading to better health and less chance of7later in life. People in supportive relationships may8stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all9if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being10out, but Christakis says: "People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected."A. commentB. complexC. depressionD. expectE. equivalentF. holdG. mappedH. recommendedI. handleJ. notedK. severe三、完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）4、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模第51~65题Who needs sleep?It's 2 a.m. The time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. But pull back the curtains and you might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street. Night-timeis1just for sleeping. It has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything we didn't manage to finish during what used to beour2hours. Now,3sleeping, we can check our bank balances by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights or go to the gym.Such flexibility,4, has a price. Our bodies are run by circadian rhythms （昼夜节律）, a prehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our body temperature and level of alertness. It makes our brains andbodies5during the day and allows them to recover through the night. So powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a nightshift without break willnot6its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteers in isolation, without any indication of what time it is in the day, they still show daily cycles of temperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. But,7working against our body's natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage. Research also shows it may actually8our risk of health problems such as stomach diseases.Consultant Tom Mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly being completely9. "More and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours. This is going to have a（n）10impact on quality and length of sleep. If people don't go to bed at a reasonable time, say around 11p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, they will be unable to concentrate. You need sleep for restand11. If you stuff your mind with information for too long, then everything gets disorganized-you become12to manage daytime activities."The circadian rhythms that run the sleep/wake cycle are as oldas13itself. Our prehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during the day and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. Our night vision is not as fast as that of nocturnal （夜间活动的） animals—our natural rhythm was to sleep as the sun went down. The invention of the electric light obviously14that. Like most biological systems, circadian rhythms are not made to15. Our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence its Latin name, circadian, which means "about a day" .A. by all meansB. on earthC. in no timeD. to this dayA. sleepingB. wakingC. businessD. rushA. in terms ofB. regardless ofC. as a result ofD. instead ofA. furthermoreB. otherwiseC. howeverD. somewhatA. activeB. relaxingC. tiringD. consciousA. formB. destroyC. improveD. recoverA. EfficientlyB. ProudlyC. ContinuallyD. IndependentlyA. minimizeB. assessC. avoidD. increaseA. brokenB. enhancedC. emphasizedD. misunderstoodA. effectiveB. negativeC. directD. reliableA. reservationB. resettingC. repairD. replacementA. boredB. willingC. likelyD. unableA. evolutionB. clockC. mysteryD. huntingA. improvedB. changedC. speededD. followedA. measureB. reverseC. regulateD. discover四、阅读理解（共12小题，每题2分，满分24分）5、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模（A篇）第66~69题When milk arrived on the doorstep When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note-"Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery" -and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practiced to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. (1) Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer.A. to satisfy his curiosityB. to please his motherC. to show his magical powerD. to pay for the delivery(2) What can be inferred from Para. 3?A. He preferred tea to coffee.B. He had a large sum of money.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was a famous and popular person.(3) Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. It is forbidden by law.B. Its service is getting poor.C. It has been driven out of the market.D. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.(4) Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He planted flowers in it.B. He missed the good old days.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He was fond of tell interesting stories.6、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模（B篇）第70~73题CWU The communication unionHead of ResearchSalary:￡55, 271We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole.You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/or experience of the postal and/or telecommunications industry.Toapply,********************************************************************(Human Resources) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.Closing Date for Applications: 4th December2015Anticipated interview date: 17th December 2015No agencies please(1) In which column of a newspaper could we find the passage?A. Arts.B. Sales.C. Jobs.D. News.(2) One of the duties of the person to be appointed is.A. taking charge of research workB. seeking membership for the trade unionC. running a telecommunications companyD. managing a team of three or four members(3) If you want to apply for this position, you can do all EXCEPT.A. ask an agency for an application formB. dial 020 8971 7482 for more information**************************************D. send in an application before 4th December 2015(4) Which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?A. A chemister teacher with a master's degree.B. A clerk from a telecommunications company.C. A university graduate majoring in computer science.D. A director from a research centre with a master's degree.7、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模（C篇）第74~77题A child's nap often provides a much-needed rest for parents too, time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. And naps have to be a good thing for preschoolers, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sleep for their brains to develop. Short naps have also been shown to be good for adults-improving alertness and reaction times.So it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children over two years of age may not be a good idea after all. The review says that after two years of age, napping is associated with going to sleep later at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. So should we discourage naps in preschool children-even if they really seem to need one?Although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidence in the review actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. Also, the authors of the review article are clear that the research on children's naps is of poor quality: some studies rely on parents remembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.A study published in the Journal of Attention Disorders in February suffers from some methodological shortcomings （for instance small numbers-only 28 children between the ages of three and four, and only for five days）, but is at least a randomized （任意的） controlled trial, using actigraphs （活动记录仪） worn on the wrist to objectively measure sleep. It found that children who missed their naps slept better at night and scored higher in studies of memory and attention.Dr Mark Mahone, one of the authors, says that sleep at night may be of a better quality than during daytime napping. Having a sound sleep at night, he says, provides a greater proportion of the slow-wave, restorative sleep that promotes brain development and reinforces what has been learned the day before. The study also found that the children who went without naps did not sleep more at weekends.I could never get my children to nap, but for parents who can, there is no reason to stop. Mahone says that more research is needed before anyone starts making recommendations, and children's sleep requirements are known to be variable.(1) The word "counterintuitive" in Para. 2 most probably means.A. difficultB. unreasonableC. revolutionaryD. meaningless(2) What does the author think of the study published in Attention Disorders?A. Its objects are too young to take the test.B. Its findings are reliable due to the actigraphs.C. It has enough objects to produce the results.D. It provides various ways to help adults to take naps.(3) According to Dr Mark Mahone, a better-quality night sleep will result in.A. frequent rests on the sofaB. higher efficiency of learningC. more serious attention disorderD. fewer daytime naps at weekends(4) The author talks mainly about his or her.A. opinions on whether children need napsB. various systemic studies on children's napsC. comments on some studies on children's napsD. understanding of the functions of children's naps五、任务型阅读（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）8、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模第78~81题Are Bees Happier in Cities?We often think of them as living happily in wildflower meadows （草地） and rolling fields. But new research suggests Britain's bees are happier near towns and cities.A new study of wildlife sites across four English counties has found that most are home to fewer species of bees today than they were in the past. It found that the expansion of farmland has actually been more damaging to Britain's bee population than the concreting over （铺设混凝土） of the countrysidefor housing. For instance, meadows near Milton Keynes now boast more species of bee than sites in more rural areas.Reading University researcher Dr Deepa Senapathi believes intensive agriculture is to blame. Climate change could be destroying the relationship between bees and plants. That's according to a study that said warmer springs can change the life cycles of bees, which can throw them out of the plants they rely on. The research is the first clear example of the potential for climate change to destroy such critical relationships between species.While the gardens, parks and churchyards of towns and cities provide bees with a variety of plants to rely on and an extended flowering season, popular crops such as oilseed rape only bloom for a few weeks.Dr Senapathi said, "While concreting over the countryside may appear to be bad news for nature,we've found that progressive urbanization may be much less damaging than intensive agriculture."Urban areas may benefit bees more than farmland by providing a wide variety of flowering plants and an extended flowering season, according to the researcher."Over the past century, rural landscapes in Britain have become increasingly dominated by large amounts of monoculture—the growing of a single type of plant, which has helped encourage crop production, " she said. "But without a mixture of habitat and food sources, rural areas can sometimes be little better than green deserts for biodiversity （生物多样性）."Scientists around the country are trying to work out why populations of bees and other insects are falling. Pesticides, climate change and disease may, like intensive farming, be playing a role.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.）(1) According to the new study of wildlife sites across four English counties, the number of bee speciesis.(2) According to Dr Senapathi, the development of citiescauses to bees than farmlands in the suburbs.(3) What are the two advantages of urban areas over farmland when it comes to housing for bees?(4) Green deserts in the passage refers to the place where thereis.六、翻译句子（共5小题，满分22分）9、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三一模第82~86题Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 学生应该在课堂上举手回答问题。

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard 1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful.D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear aboutthe challenges (21) _______ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) ____________________________ (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concernis the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someonein a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a carin that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-centuryDutch painters.However, there are 31 ____ whether some paintingsattributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, andindeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ___ 32 itcould not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe __ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light37 _____ ontoitfrom below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, whichis not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was __ 40 from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he hadto make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by.A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge Aunique wilderness retreat onthe edge of the WorldHeritage-listed NationalPark and only 5 km from thesea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740 Number of nights2 4 4 Daily meals included in package Mountain buffet breakfastFree soft drink alwaysavailableHot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonOldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?B.C.Mountain Lodge. B. Pelican Resort.B.Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls anda 3-year-old boy costsA.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentageof hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided n ot to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their childr en to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

上海市普陀区2016学年第⼀学期质量监控试卷⾼三英语（含参考答案）上海市普陀区2016学年度第⼀学期质量监控试卷⾼三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2016.12.21I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Relaxed B. Annoyed C. Worried D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st B. On February 2ndC. On February 3rdD. On February 8th3.A. A basketball player B. A laundry workerC. A window washerD. A rock climber4.A. To a stationary shop B. To a gymnasiumC. To a paint storeD. To a news stand5.A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurtD. Bargain with the shop assistant6.A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next yearB. She has already told the man about her planC. She isn’t planning to l eave her universityD. She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually so emptyB. Dessert is served in the cafeteriaC. The cafeteria is near the libraryD. Coffee isn’t allowed in the library8.A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at lastC. She will turn to her managerD. She declines the man’s offer9.A. He doesn’t mind helping the woman B. He hesitates whether to help or notC. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mindD. He can’t help move the cupboard10.A. The washing machine is totally beyond repairB. She will help Wendy prepare annual reportC. Wendy should give priority to writing her reportD. The washing machine should be checked annuallySection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. because he always fired the waiters.B. because he followed several waiters.C. because he was a natural motivator.D. because he seldom had a bad day.12. A. Give adviceB. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept someone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C. Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D. We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D. Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B. She is enjoying her management study.C. She is not feeling very well at the moment.D. She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting.C. It is usefulD. It is difficult19. A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends..B. To try to change accommodationC. To spend more time on EnglishD. To stop attending language classes.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges(21)_____(face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)_______ amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障) facilities.Two women who (23)______(use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) _______(raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)_______ disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public. Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)______ ______ ______ I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it,” some people say. However, the women (27)______ use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28)______ it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29)______(inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停车架). Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)______(few) challenges for people withphysical disabilities.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be useCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt (伦勃朗) ?Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are __31__ whether some paintings attributed(归属) to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits know to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with painting that __32__ it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent(不⼀致) about the way the woman in the __33__ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear---yet the coat she is wearing has a __34__ fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been __35__ of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and __36__, but in this paining these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated(照亮) light __37__ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting __38__ that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood__39__ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels(⾯板), no painting known to by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was __40__ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Human beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that _ 41_ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42_ factors. But in a world of quotas(配额) and limits- ___43____ , the world in which most professional people operate- Dr Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased（有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __44 _he had already sentenced five or six other defendants （被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45__this idea, Dr Simonsohn and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___47____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __48____ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _49_ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were _50_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is _51_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsoph found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52__ that, then the score for the next applicant would _53_ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr Simonsoph proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a ___54_____ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it would be responsible for far worse things than the ___55___ of qualified business-school candidates.41A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42.A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43.A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44.A. if B. until C. though D. unless45.A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46.A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47.A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48.A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49.A. put B. got C. took D. gave50.A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51.A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52.A. below B. after C. above D. before53.A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54.A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55.A.rejection B. reception C.reputation D. recreationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Roald Dahl – the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach– would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dalh was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Ronald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their teachers! Later on, Ronald integrated this fear and d istrust of adults into many of his children’s books. During World War II, Ronald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a brokennose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was promoted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive -- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book -- charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A. He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B. He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C. He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D. He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57.Man y of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by _________ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB. his relationship with his parentsC. his time in the militaryD. his time away at boarding school58.What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach ?A. His lifelong love of peaches.B. The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C. The insects he found in his garden.D. The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59.Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A. He was the greatest children’s author of the 20th century.B. He published more than a dozen books for children.C. James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D. Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday l ocation doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain LodgeB. Pelican ResortC. Cedar LodgeD. None of the above61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican are close to the coast.B. Tourists can’t visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs______.A. $825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gavepreliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websi tes that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month o n rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especiall y on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?A. Physical beauty would be redefined.B. New catwalks would be constructed.C. Websites about dieting would boom.D. The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning toA. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?A. The French measures have already failed.B. New standards are being set in Denmark.C. Models are no longer under peer pressure.D. Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A. Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving models in FranceC. A Challenge to the Fashion Indust ry’s Body IdealsD. Threats to the Fashion IndustrySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given m the box.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It is difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people on the planet do not have enough to eat. 67 _______. Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (疟疾) and TB(肺结核) combined.The UN estimates that almost two thi rds of the world’s hungry people are in Asia., which is of course the world’s most populous continent. 68 _______.Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don’t have enough to eat.69 _______. They include wars, droughts, floods and the overuse of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market.But the most important reason, quite simple, is poverty — which has increased recently due to the economic effects of the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population and there are areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. 70 _______.The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat. IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.Teaching In “One of the Least Popular Jobs In the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example. “ I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacher—but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher.”It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason wh y people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London:”I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch anationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump 当选为美国总统。

2016上海市普陀区一模英语试卷及答案26. Which of the following underlined part is different in pronunciation from others?A. He has a good memory for faces.B. The valley goes from west to east.C. She has changed a lot in recent years.D. He had a pain in the neck.27. Which of the following words matches the sound [bait]?A. bitB. biteC. beatD. boat28. These two little girls were chatting happily all________ way to school.A. aB. anC. theD. /29. The 17th Shanghai International Arts Festival ended________ November 16th.A. onB. atC. inD. until30. Alice was shown around London by a friend of________ yesterday.A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself31. The book is useful because it gives us________ advice on how to improve memory.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much32. We should be friendly to the old and care________ them in daily life.A. withB. forC. ofD. by33. Four students of the Drama Club come from Grade 7, ________ all come from Grade 8.A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD. the others34. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes, ________ you’ll never really learn the language.A. orB. soC. butD. and35. With all the lights on, the Bund looks much________ when the night falls.A. beautifulB. more beautifulC. most beautifulD. the most beautiful36. You are not allowed to enter the theatre________ you have a ticket.A. becauseB. whenC. ifD. unless37. Let’s have a discussion about whether it is________ to talk on the phone while driving.A. safeB. saveC. safetyD. safely38. As it gets cooler, you had better________ a coat over your sweater.A. wearingB. wearC. to wearD. wears39. In order to finish the task in time, John kept________ for four hours without rest.A. workB. to workC. worksD. working40. --________ did you take swimming classes last term?--Once every two weeks.A. How oftenB. How manyC. How longD. How far41. My sister________ plenty of volunteer work in the past seven years.A. doesB. is doingC. has doneD. had done42. Flora looked out of the window and found it________ heavily.A. snowsB. snowedC. has snowedD. was snowing43. --Doctor, It is too hard for me to give up smoking.--For your own health, I’m afraid you_______.A. canB. mayC. mustD. need44. --You’ve done such a great job in the English speech contest, Sarah.-- ________.A. I agree with you.B. Thanks a lot.C. Please don’t say so.D. It’s hard to say.45. --Would you like me to get a cup of coffee for you?--________.A. Yes, please.B. No, I wouldn’tC. Yea, I’d like to.D. No, I don’t think so.that computers have changed our lives for the better. But have they?Of course computers are useful, and have changed some people’s lives for the better. However, they also ________ problems, too. A large number of people who use computers a lot can get ________ problems. They find that their eyesight get worse, for example, if they look at the ________ for too long. There will be injures in computers users’ hands and arms, as people use the keyboard and the mouse too much. People who have computers are also spending more time sitting down, and less time________, so many of them are becoming overweight.spend hours and hours in chat rooms and surfing the net, sometimes until very late at night. This means they can’t work or study________ and can have problems keeping friends.Some studies in the United States have shown that if________ spend many hours at computers, they will get lonely and unset.“Computers can be really useful to children. But parents and teachers need to help children to learn to use computers in ________ and creative ways,” says teacher Jane Shields. “And children should also lear n when it is time to________ the computers and head outside to do something different.”三、用所给词的适当形式填空。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t n eed to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before31. from 32. how【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。