上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试题 含答案

2020-2021学年上海市普陀区江宁学校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BPoaching and habitat loss have threatened Africa's two species of elephants, taking them closer toward the edge of disappearance, according to a new report released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).Before this update, Africa's elephants were grouped together and were evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN. This is the first time the two species have been sorted separately. In the past, elephants were mostly considered as either Asian elephants or African elephants. Forest and savanna elephants were typically classified as subspecies of African elephants.The African forest elephant is now listed as critically endangered and the African savanna elephant as endangered. The number of African forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a 31 -year assessment period. The population of African savanna elephants dropped by at least 60% over the last 50 years, according to the IUCN, which tracks the assessment risk of the world's animals. Africa currently has an estimated 415,000 elephants, counting the two species together.Both elephant species experienced significant population decreases because of poaching. Although it peaked in 2011, illegal hunting still happens and continues to threaten elephant populations. African elephants also face continued habitat loss as their land isconvertedfor agriculture or other uses.There is some good conservation news, the IUCN points out. Anti-poaching measures, combined with better land use planning to support better human-wildlife relationships, have helped conservation efforts. Some forest elephant population figures have stabilized in well-managed areas in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and savanna population figures have remained stable or have been growing, particularly in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area in southern Africa.But with constant demand for ivory and increasing human pressures on Africa's wild lands, concern for Africa's elephants is high, and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is more severe than ever.4. What can be inferred from the new report about African elephants?A. They are divided into three kinds.B. They are dying out.C. Their threat is mainly from poaching.D. Their population has grown in Africa.5. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 3?A. The detailed number of African elephants.B. The similarities of African elephants.C. The different types of African elephants.D. The present situation of African elephants.6. What does the underlined word "converted" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Expanded.B. Protected.C. Transformed.D. Forbidden.7. What's the authors attitude to the present situation of African elephants?A. Hopeless.B. Optimistic.C. Uncertain.D. Worried.COn the night of September 19, 1961, Betty Hill and her husband Barney were driving home through the White Mountains from Niagara Falls. They were travelling on anearly deserted two-lane highway when Betty noticed a steady light in the sky that was getting bigger and brighter.She thought it was a planet or a star. Barney, stimulated at her excitement, said it was probably just a wandering aeroplane. Whatever it was, it appeared to be following them.They stopped their car for a closer look. What they said happened next, changed their lives. The flying object was noiseless. It appeared to be spinning. It was as big as a jet but shaped like a pancake.So formed the tale of Betty Hill, a New Hampshire social worker who, with Barney, a postal worker, claimed to be kidnapped by aliens, who were from outer space, on a moonlit night about 60 years ago.After reluctantly going public with her experience, Hill, who died of cancer at her New Hampshire home, aged 85, became a celebrity on the UFO circuit and was known as the “first lady of UFOs”.Intriguingly, at the time of the incident, the Hills remembered nothing except that they had spied a strange object in the sky. Later, troubled by nightmares and other stress-related pains, the couple underwenthypnosis(催眠) where the full story came out with the aid of Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, an expert in medical hypnosis.On their night of contact the Hills arrived homeat 5 a.m., unable to account for two lost hours. They were alsoconfused by the odd marks on their telescopes, deep signs on the tops of Barney’s best shoes, Betty’s torn dress and strange circular markings on their car that made the needle of a compass jump wildly.After seeing them for six months, the psychiatrist concluded the Hills’ lost memory about the hours they lost on that night in 1961 “appeared to involve an amazing experience on the part of both of the Hills”. Whether the experience had been fantasy or reality, Simon could not say, but he said he was convinced they had not been lying. He guessed that it had been a kind of shared dream.Reports of aliens capturing humans and taking them aboard oddly shaped spacecraft were “comparatively rare” before 1975. After a movie, “The UFO Incident”, about the Hills came out, however, such stories increased.8. When they saw the strange object in the sky, Barney and Betty Hill ______________.A. were astonished at its strange flight and noiseB. regarded it as just a wandering car following themC. realized immediately what the danger it might causeD. showed curiosity in discovering what it really was9. The word “Intriguingly” in paragraph 6 most probably means “______________”.A. RidiculouslyB. TemporarilyC. RemarkablyD. Mysteriously10. The Hills later sought the help of a psychiatrist because ______________.A. they had lots of secrets in their lives after the strange experienceB. their lives were greatly disturbed by the unexpected experienceC. they wanted to share their unforgettable experience with the expertD. they hoped to forget completely what had happened to them11. This article was written in order to ______________.A. describe an unusual event to the readersB. convince readers of the existence of UFOsC. record how people were caught by aliensD. warn people of the dangers the UFOs causeDIn the Hollywood industry, most of the studios are using AI to make movies for various reasons such as getting the actors out of danger, replacing the actors indifferent scenes, forming appealing atmosphere to enhance（增强）the views, etc.Directors and producers are using VFX (Visual effects), animations and AI to makea model that looks like the actor and replaces the actor's place. In particular, AI is used in scenes where actor shave to produce certain stunts （特技）to develop setups in the studio artificially. VFX is used to later change the internal studio backgroundsto adifferent place in the movie.There are many movies with two characters of the same actor. When AI was not a part of the film, editors used different methods to show the two aspects of the same actor in one scene, but now AI is being used to form the second character of the same actor and is being performed to the viewers.By a perfect combination of animation, VFX and AI, realistic models are being created. And the most fun part is the fictitious character can hold the face of the actor but the age, hairstyles, and clothing can be changed to create more enhanced looks according to the movie scene and story. With the help of AI, the directors recreating appealing scenes to enhance the thrill and excitement. InJurassic Park,no dinosaurs were running but with the help of AI and visual effects, we could enjoy the scenes and the atmospheres.The directors and the producers direct to form a green screen including the obstacles and those green screens get replaced with the views that are made from AI and VFX, and the actors make the scenes alive and deliver the most suitable action-packed movie scenes. This method also enhances the viewers' experience, which makes the movie a blockbuster（大片）.12. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1?A. How AI helps actors.B. What AI brings to movies.C. Why AI is applied to movies.D. Where AI is made full use of.13. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. AI can be used as an editor.B. Editors consider AI irreplaceable.C. Editors used many methods to replace AI.D. AI makes what used to be complex scenes easier.14. What's the author's attitude to using VFX, animations and AI in movies?A. Supportive.B. Sceptical.C. Unconcerned.D. Enthusiastic.15. Which of the following could be the best title for thetext?A. What AI Brings Out Hollywood MoviesB. Why AI Is Applied to Hollywood MoviesC. Which Hollywood Movies Make Much Use of AID. How AI Is Being Applied to Hollywood Movies第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市普陀区20XX届高三一模英语试题1.B2.C3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.B9.A 10.B11-13 BDC14-16 BAA17.four /4 18.vegetable 19. Melissa 20.brown21. financial trader 22. cooking creative 23. a good thing 24. mental challenge25-29 A BBDA30-34 BCDBC35-40 DACBBC41-----49 FHABICEJD50---64 CBAAD DBCBD ACBBD65-68BABB69-71BBD 72-75DA DC76-80 DFCEB81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.第II卷I.Translation1. A film which appeals to the audience can arouse their interest from the very beginning.1 1 12. The workers of this nature reserve try to clean it by themselves but their efforts are not1 1 1 1 enough.3. She regained consciousness last night, but there is still a long way to go before she plays1 1 1 1 tennis again.4. A school excursion is a good chance for children to learn a great deal about their own1 1 1 1 country.5.Many Chinese—Americans are playing such an important role in the American economy1 1 1that in some fields nobody can substitute for them/ there is no substitute for them.1 1II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in over 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.Dear Editor,I’m writing to tell you something about the changes that have taken place in our English classes since modern teaching techniques started to be used in our school. It makes both teaching and learning easier and more interesting.Our teachers used to speak alone all the time in class, keeping students busy taking notes and leaving us no time to think. As a result, what was taught in class was difficult to understand or to remember. The classes were so dull that we gradually lost interest in learning the language.However, things are different now. With the help of computers and other equipment, the students in our school can not only listen, but also watch and speak a lot in class, which makes what is dull or difficult easier to understand and remember. Now English classes have become so interesting and lively that all the students are ready to master the useful tool.Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It's indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means. It can provide different students with more flexible and versatile ways of learning.Yours trulyWang Lin翻译评分标准（20分）1．单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。

普陀区2021学年第一学期高三英语质量调研参考答案I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1-5 CBBAC 6-10 DBACDSection B11-13 CAD 14-16 ABC 17-20 CABB评分标准：1. 1-10题，每小题1分。

2. 11—20题，每小题1.5分。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. flew 22. but 23. should/ could 24. to be criticized 25. before 26. developed 27. going 28. what 29. As 30 are being put/ have been put 评分标准：1. 21—30题，每小题1分。

2. 大小写不扣分，拼写错误扣1分。

Section B31-40 D A K I J G H B E C评分标准：31—40题，每小题1分。

III. Reading ComprehensionSection A41-55 ADCBA BDBCB DBCAB评分标准：41—55题，每小题1分。

Section B56-59 DBCC 60-62 BBD 63-66 DACC评分标准：56—66题，每小题2分。

Section C67-70 D B A F评分标准：67—70题，每小题2分。

IV. Summary WritingHearing different birdsongs makes people happier, as two studies show. American scientists who studied the impacts of birdsong on hikers explain birdsong signals security, pleasant weather and healthy surroundings. German researchers also found the environment with various species of birds led to people’s well-being. Therefore, people are recommended to plant native plants to increase the variety of birds. (58 words)评分标准：评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。

上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末（一模）教学质量调研英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、语法填空Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Love from the Apple TreeOnce upon a time, there used to be a tall and big apple tree. A little boy, every day to the tree down, climbed up 1 (pick) apples to eat, and slept in the shade of the tree. He loved the apple tree, and it loved to play with him. The little boy gradually grew up and stopped 2 (come) to play every day. One day he came to the tree, picked all the apples and left happily. Another day, the boy came again, and cut off all the branches, happily away to build a house himself. One summer, the boy came back, cut down her tree trunk, built a boat, 3 (sail) away, and did not come back for a long time. After years, the boy returned at last. He was old and wanted 4 more than a place to rest. “Old root is 5 (suitable) to sit down and rest, come on, sit down and rest with me!” The boy sat down, and the apple tree was so happy that it shed tears.This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parent. 6 we are young, we love to play with Mom and Dad. Having grown up, we leave them, and only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they 7 to make you happy.8 your parents can give you is not necessarily the best in the world, but they will try their best to give you all, and they are afraid that it is not enough; maybe they never said “I love you”, but love you in their own way for a lifetime, 9 is how most parents around the world show their love. For example, a tired father was watching his two daughters eat fried chicken, but he didn’t order anything, telling his daughters that he was not hungry, 10 more money in his pocket. We grow up to know that the world’s most affectionate lie is what the father and mother said: I do not love to cat it and I am not hungry.二、选词填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theTextbooks Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014.subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways thatconnection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, butcoming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be 15 up to the excessively high cost of their books—which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in 16 . But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself. While they may not be as dynamic(动态的)as an iPad, textbooks are not 17 or lifeless. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by raising questions for students to answer. That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to 18 questions.Today’s psychology texts, for example, ask: “How much of your personality do you think you 19 ?” while ones in physics say: “How can you predict where the ball you threw will land?” Experts observe that “textbooks come in layers, something like an onion.” For an active learner, choosing a textbook 20 can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace.三、完形填空Global surface temperatures last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average of 60.1 degrees, breaking previous records, from August 2016, by more than half arecord to the next,” said Ellen Bartow, a physical scientist with NOAA’S National Centers for Environmental Information.The report 22 what millions of people have experienced in recent months, including record-breaking heatwaves that have touched almost every corner of the globe. Asia, Africa, North America and South America had their warmest August on record, as did the Arctic, Europe and Oceania — a region that 23 Australia - had their second-warmest August on record, the report said.It wasn’t just the land that 24 : August set a record for the highest monthly sea surface temperature abnormally --- 1.85 degrees above average. The warming oceans 25 experiencing its fourth continuous month with the 26 shrinking sea ice, with Antarctica sea ice extent on record. Globally, sea ice extent in August was about 550,000 square miles less than the previous record low, set in August 2019.“We’ve seen unheard-of warmth in the global ocean, and that’s definitely alarming because its effects 27 beyond just the scope of the ocean,” Bartow-Gillies said. “Not only are you 28 marine habitats, but you’re affecting storm creation, you’re creating more instability in some areas, and you’re creating flooding events in other areas. There’s a whole host of 29 that come along with these warmer ocean surface temperatures that we’re seeing.”In fact, the report comes after a series of severe natural 30 that span the globe. This week, a Mediterranean storm caused serious flooding in Libya, killing more than 11,000 people. In Canada, wildfires burned through more than 42 million acres of forests this summer, and several are still burning. 31 global warming was not the singular cause of any of these disasters, heating of the Earth continues to 32 the likelihood of extreme weather events and wildfire worldwide.“The scientific evidence is 33 -- we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop 34 greenhouse gases,” read a statement from Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service, which also35 that this summer was the hottest on record.21．A．distance B．jump C．travel D．flight 22．A．confirms B．emerges C．quotes D．argues 23．A．holds B．touches C．surrounds D．includes 24．A．boiled B．cooled C．stricken D．disappeared 25．A．contributed to B．suffered from C．resulted from D．devoted to 26．A．slowest B．lowest C．highest D．fastest 27．A．enlarge B．discharge C．extend D．undertake 28．A．creating B．saving C．remaining D．disturbing 29．A．issues B．debates C．events D．proposals 30．A．floods B．disasters C．storms D．earthquakes 31．A．Though B．Because C．Unless D．When 32．A．damage B．destroy C．decrease D．increase 33．A．irresistible B．unchangeable C．inaccessible D．unbearable 34．A．conveying B．releasing C．relieving D．dismissing 35．A．predicted B．expected C．doubted D．determined四、阅读选择The Adventures of Tom Sawyer changed the course of children’s literature in the United States as well as of American literature generally, presenting the first deeply-felt description of boyhood. Mark Twain published the novel in 1876, which centered on a smart naughty young boy living in a town along the Mississippi River. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer marked the further development of Mark Twain realism.An orphan, Tom Sawyer lived with his Aunt Polly and half brother, Sid, in St. Petersburg, Missouri; the fictional town was based on Hannibal, Missouri. The first few chapters highlighted Tom’s troubled tendencies. He angered his aunt by eating jam, and then he got in a fight with another boy. As punishment for his various misdeeds, Aunt Polly ordered him to whitewash the fence. However, Tom managed to convince other children that whitewashing was fun, and they ended up giving him various items for a turn at the fence. Later in the book Tom went to the cemetery with Huckleberry Finn, a wanderer whose father was a heavy drinker. They came across three grave robbers, including Injun Joe and Dr. Robinson. Thetwo men got into a fight, and Injun Joe murdered the doctor. Although Tom and Huckleberry promised never to tell anyone what they had seen, Tom eventually charged the escaped Indian Joc.At one point, Tom, Huckleberry, and a third boy decided to run away from home and became pirates (海盗). While on an island in the Mississippi River, they discovered that people thought they had died. The three dramatically reappeared during their funeral services. Tom and Huckleberry then decided to look for buried treasure in an abandoned house. The boys were forced to hide when Injun Joe and a partner arrived to bury their own treasure there. However, the two men then came across a gold storage in the house and decided to hide it elsewhere. One night Huck followed them, hoping to find the gold. When he overheard their plan to attack the Widow Douglas, Huck got help, and the crime was prevented. Tom later went on a picnic with his classmates. While exploring a cave, they became lost, and Tom later realized that the gold was likely to be in the cave, and he and Huckleberry discovered it. 36．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．The story outlines the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.B．The story describes Mark Twain’s childhood.C．The story tells the story of Huckleberry.D．This passage comments on Mark Twain’s novels.37．What is the underlined part of the second paragraph trying to illustrate?A．Tom’s helpfulness.B．Tom’s honesty.C．Tom’sfriendliness.D．Tom’s naughtiness.38．What’s the correct order of the happenings in the third story?a. Huck followed those two.b. Then Tom and Huckleberry found gold.c. Tom and Huckleberry decided to search for buried treasure.d. Tom, Huckleberry and another boy ran away from home.A．a-c-b-d B．d-c-a-b C．b-a-d-c D．c-b-a-d39．In the author’s eyes, what kind of novel is the Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A．An interesting adventure novel.B．The most humorous story of children.C．The greatest works of children’s literature.D．The most popular historical novel.40．If you want to know the life of a cook, which novel would you choose?A．Edge of Here by Kelechi Okafor B．Starter Villain by John ScalziC．Creation Node by Stephen Baxter D．Land of Milk and Honey by C．Pam Zhang41．What does the underlined phrase mean in the first paragraph?A．A non-leading role.B．A viewer.C．A directorD．A writing style.42．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．In Fiction 2, the Solar System is getting colder.B．In Fiction 3, a single teacher inherited his uncle’s business.C．In Fiction 4, the author described events in the remote arca.D．In Fiction 5, you can experience black life through brain chips.In recent years, the International Space Field set off a new round of exploration craze, hoping to further master the space secrets and resources. Countries are busy developing rockets and satellites, developing manned space technology, formulating plans to explore the moon and Mars, and conquering space “One step ahead?”.When engineers develop a spacecraft, they ask a few key questions that guide their process, says David Klaus, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, who studies risk assessment and human spaceflight. They are, he explains, “What do we want to do? What does it take to do it? What can go wrong? And what can we do to reduce the chance of the bad things going wrong?” These questions seem simple enough, but the answers are essential.When NASA, SpaceX, Blue Origin or anyone else considers sending humans into space, the vehicle they build must do three things. First, it has to accommodate the crew members by meeting their basic needs such as oxygen, food and water. Second, it should allow them to accomplish mission objectives. Lastly, it must protect the people onboard and on the ground from the risks of spaceflight and reentry. Sometimes meeting one need introduces new risks. The crew needs to breathe, of course, but it was high-pressure tanks of liquid oxygen that caused an explosion on Apollo 13, and it was the fuel powering an oxygen generator that sparked a fire onboard the Mir space station in 1997.Not only do astronauts float through a near vacuum (真空) filled with radiation, but in low-Earth orbit, where the International Space Station (ISS) operates, crews have to deal with a growing cloud of debris (碎片) circling Earth, which are usually from old satellites. The ISS’s debris protective covering can absorb impacts from particles smaller than half an inch, but between 1999 and 2022, the station had to fire pushers 32 times to avoid contact with larger objects. A single hit would be dangerous; at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour, even something the size of a softball can cause severe damage.What is the point of looking decades into space and struggling to explore the vastness of the universe? The development of the space industry has brought humans many benefits, the most important of which is the spread of information. The cell phone signal and TV signal people use now are all benefiting from the development of the space industry. The ultimate goal of mankind is to go deeper into space, and to explore more unknown worlds, that is, the Moon, Mars and beyond, and what humanity is eager to achieve is a common home of freedom and equality.43．Why did the writer mention the explosion on Apollo 13 in Paragraph 3 and the fire onboard the Mir space station?A．To explain the high risks of the space industry.B．To show the disadvantages of the space travel.C．To prove the unexpected risks of the spaceflight process.D．To describe the new risks involved in meeting the requirements.44．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A．The space environment itself piles on danger.B．Any misstep on a space mission is fatal.C．It is very difficult to complete the space mission.D．Space engineers work hard to clean up space debris.45．What is the ultimate goal of human exploration of space?A．More unknown planets and stars.B．Freedom and equality of human beings.C．More protection against human diseases.D．Space secrets and endless resources. 46．What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?A．Studying space for countless years.B．Living in space for many years.C．Exploring space for some ten years.D．Observing space for several ten years.Is Human Brain Too Full?The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? The answer is no, because brains are more complicated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. 47 In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. 48 And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.49 When we search information, both relevant and irrelevant information will appear. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life.50 In a sense, forgetting is how our brains categorize memories, so the most relevant memories are ready to be taken out. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.A．While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability stressful.B．But in a new study researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occursin the brain.C．In the future, with the deepening of brain science research, human beings will eventually unlock the secrets of the brain.D．This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.E．When we obtain new information, the brain automatically attempts to make it into existing information by forming associations.F．The outside world is a judgment of the brain, but humans just don’t realize it.五、书面表达51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ChatGPT Helps People a LotIn real life, robot customer service in various applications are broadly similar to ChatGPT’s Al products. It is ChatGPT’s ability to learn the most with the highest level of intelligence that has made it a global hit. At the end of November 2022, AI research lab OpenAI launched AI chat software ChatGPT. So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people?First, chat with ChatGPT as if it were your friend when you’re bored, and it will constantly revise its parameters (参数) and behavior with your advice and guidance. So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. Take travel as an example. While there are a lot of travel recommendation sites out there right now, they can’t be customized to the individual, but you can ask ChatGPT for very specific information to get suggestions.Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. Children in the growth always like to listen to parents tell new stories, and story-telling gives a lot of parents a headache. What should we do when we run out of storybooks? ChatGPT is a great story generator, which generates a whole new story, as many as you want, based on the themes and characters you provide. It’s perfect.Third, let ChatGPT help you out when you’re not sure how to get started with a paper, oran article. Of course, it doesn’t always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it’s much easier to fill in the content from there. Enter information about the type, title, column name, data, and so on, and ChatGPT will generate the table with one click. You can add columns and rows and do in-table calculations.According to ChatGPT’s own answer, it’s just an unconscious computer program. It can carry on self-active learning and realize task transfer under the regular instruction. Docs the answer ChatGPT gives you have to be the right answer? For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________六、翻译52．网络社交并不能代替现实生活。

上海市普陀区2024届高三年级一模考试英语试卷(满分 140分,完卷时间 120分钟)考生注意：1. 完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. The class has kept the party a secret from Jack. B. Jack is organizing a party for the English teacher.C. Jack is surprised to learn of the party for him.D. Teachers will come to Jack's birthday party.2. A. They have interest in flying to space. B. They enjoyed the movie on spaceC. They will see a movie on space.D. They work hard on a space project.3. A. The woman remains a total mystery to him. B. The woman is still trying to finish her work.C. He has been lost in his research for a month.D. He didn't expect to finish his work so soon.4. A. The man should stop cooking the vegetables B. The man should try out some new cookersC. Overcooked vegetables are often tasteless.D. All the vegetables should be cooked fresh.5. A. The show he directed turned out to be a success.B. He enjoyed watching those comedies by famous directors.C. TV comedies have not improved much since the 1980s.D. New comedies are exciting just like those in the 1980s.6. A. He found his wallet in his car. B. He went to the lost-and-found office.C. He asked the woman to pick up his car.D. He left his wallet with his car in the garage.7. A. How to improve work efficiency. B. How to choose secretaries.C. The responsibilities of secretaries.D. The secretaries in the man's company.8. A. Why her phone was disconnected B. Why he could not get through to her.C. Why she didn't leave him a message.D. Why she refused to answer his call.9. A. He will be back soon to repair the computer. B. It will take longer to reconnect the computer to the netC. He has solved more complicated problems than thisD. A lot of problems will be solved online tomorrow.10. A. Picking up her French. B. Packing up for her trip.C. Making a study plan.D. Applying for a visa to France.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To install some audio equipment in a lab. B. To test their eyesight using a phone app.C. To send smartphone messages.D. To solve word search puzzles.12. A. They no longer concentrated on their task. B. They didn't go on until the ringing stopped.C. They called back right away.D. They wanted to answer the phone.13. A. A decline in sports activities. B. A rise in emotional problems.C. A decline in academic performance.D. A reduction in the amount of sleep.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The road was blocked. B. The road was flooded.C. The road was frozen with snow.D. The road was covered with spilled gas.15. A. A truck hit a barrier and overturned B. The truck driver slept while driving.C. The heavy snow made driving difficultD. A truck plunged into a pool of chocolate.16. A. It was lucky that no passenger got injured. B. It was hard to remove the spilled substance.C. It was long before the cleanup was finished.D. It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He wanted the store to give him a refund. B. He has doubts about the furniture delivered.C. He had to change the delivery time.D. He wanted to order some other furniture.18. A. Send the furniture back to the store. B. Buy another brand of furniture.C. Collect the furniture he ordered.D. Describe the furniture he received.19. A. Check the bill. B. Apologize to his wife.C. Replace the chairs.D. Give the money back.20. A. She recommended a new style. B. She greeted the man's children.C. She offered some gifts to the man.D. She apologized to the man once more.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ALove from the Apple TreeOnce upon a time, there used to be a tall and big apple tree. A little boy, every day to the tree down, climbed up (21)__________ (pick) apples to eat, and slept in the shade of the tree. He loved the apple tree, and it loved to play with him. The little boy gradually grew up and stopped (22) __________ (come) to play every day. One day he came to the tree, picked all the apples and left happily. Another day, the boy came again, and cut off all the branches, happily away to build a house himself. One summer, the boy came back, cut down her tree trunk, built a boat, (23) __________ (sail) away, and did not come back for a long time. After years, the boy returned at last. He was old and wanted (24) __________ more than a place to rest. "Old root is (25) __________ (suitable) to sit down and rest, come on, sit down and rest with me!" The boy sat down, and the apple tree was so happy that it shed tears.This is a story of everyone. The tree is like our parent. (26) __________ we are young, we love to play with Mom and Dad. Having grown up, we leave them, and only come to them when we need something or when we are in trouble. No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they (27) __________ to make you happy.(28) __________ your parents can give you is not necessarily the best in the world, but they will try their best to give you all, and they are afraid that it is not enough; maybe they never said "I love you", but love you in their own way for a lifetime, (29) __________ is how most parents around the world show their love. For example, a tired father was watching his two daughters eat fried chicken, but he didn't order anything, telling his daughters that he was not hungry, (30) __________ more money in his pocket. We grow up to know that the world's most affectionate lie is what the father and mother said: I do not love to cat it and I am not hungry.Section BA. contributorsB. publisherC. conferencesD. alternativesE. chalkedF. passiveG. general H. inherited I. completely J. duly K. orderTextbooksTextbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest (31) __________ in the world. It costs about $I million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of (32) __________, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that (33) __________, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at (34) __________ where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year.It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks. But this can be (35) __________ up to the excessively high cost of their books—which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in (36) __________. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself. While they may not be as dynamic(动态的)as an iPad, textbooks are not (37) __________ or lifeless. From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by raising questions for students to answer. That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to (38) __________ questions.Today's psychology texts, for example, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you (39) __________?" while ones in physics say: "How can you predict where the ball you threw will land?" Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an onion." For an active learner, choosing a textbook (40) __________ can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AGlobal surface temperatures last month were 2.25 degrees warmer than the 20th century average of 60.1 degrees, breaking previous records, from August 2016, by more than half a degree, according to NOAA researchers. "That to me is a really huge (41) ___________ from one record to the next," said Ellen Bartow, a physical scientist with NOAA'S National Centers for Environmental Information.The report (42) ___________ what millions of people have experienced in recent months, including record-breaking heatwaves that have touched almost every corner of the globe. Asia, Africa, North America and South America had their warmest August on record, as did the Arctic, Europe and Oceania — a region that (43) ___________ Australia - had their second-warmest August on record, the report said.It wasn't just the land that (44) ___________ August set a record for the highest monthly sea surface temperature abnormally --- 1.85 degrees above average. The warming oceans (45) ___________ experiencing its fourth continuous month with the (46) ___________ shrinking sea ice, with Antarctica sea ice extent on record. Globally, sea ice extent in August was about 550,000 square miles less than the previous record low, set in August 2019."We've seen unheard-of warmth in the global ocean, and that's definitely alarming because its effects (47) ___________ beyond just the scope of the ocean," Bartow-Gillies said. "Not only are you (48) ___________ marine habitats, but you're affecting storm creation, you're creating more instability in some areas, and you're creating flooding events in other areas. There's a whole host of (49) ___________ that come along with these warmer ocean surface temperatures that we're seeing."In fact, the report comes after a series of severe natural (50) ___________ that span the globe. This week, a Mediterranean storm caused serious flooding in Libya, killing more than 11,000 people. In Canada, wildfires burned through more than 42 million acres of forests this summer, and several are still burning. (51) ___________ global warming was not the singular cause of any of these disasters, heating of the Earth continues to (52) ___________ the likelihood of extreme weather events and wildfire worldwide."The scientific evidence is (53) ___________ --- we will continue to see more climate records and more intense and frequent extreme weather events impacting society and ecosystems, until we stop (54) ___________ greenhouse gases," read a statement from Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, which also (55) ___________ that this summer was the hottest on record.41. A. distance B. jump C. travel D. flight42. A. confirms B. emerges C. quotes D. argues43. A. holds B. touches C. surrounds D. includes44. A. boiled B. cooled C. stricken D. disappeared45. A. contributed to B. suffered from C. resulted from D. devoted to46. A. slowest B. lowest C. highest D. fastest47. A. enlarge B. discharge C. extend D. undertake48. A. creating B. saving C. remaining D. disturbing49. A. issues B. debates C. events D. proposals50. A. floods B. disasters C. storms D. earthquakes51. A. Though B. Because C. Unless D. When52. A. damage B. destroy C. decrease D. increase53. A. irresistible B. unchangeable C. inaccessible D. unbearable54. A. conveying B. releasing C. relieving D. dismissing55. A. predicted B. expected C. doubted D. determinedSection B(A)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer changed the course of children's literature in the United States as well as of American literature generally, presenting the first deeply-felt description of boyhood. Mark Twain published the novel in 1876, which centered on a smart naughty young boy living in a town along the Mississippi River. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer marked the further development of Mark Twain realism.An orphan, Tom Sawyer lived with his Aunt Polly and half brother, Sid, in St. Petersburg, Missouri; the fictional town was based on Hannibal, Missouri. The first few chapters highlighted Tom's troubled tendencies. He angered his aunt by eating jam, and then he got in a fight with another boy. As punishment for his various misdeeds, Aunt Polly ordered him to whitewash the fence. However, Tom managed to convince other children that whitewashing was fun, and they ended up giving him various items for a turn at the fence. Later in the book Tom went to the cemetery with Huckleberry Finn, a wanderer whose father was a heavy drinker. They came across three grave robbers, including Injun Joe and Dr. Robinson. The two men got into a fight, and Injun Joe murdered the doctor. Although Tom and Huckleberry promised never to tell anyone what they had seen, Tom eventually charged the escaped Indian Joc.At one point, Tom, Huckleberry, and a third boy decided to run away from home and became pirates (海盗).While on an island in the Mississippi River, they discovered that people thought they had died. The three dramatically reappeared during their funeral services. Tom and Huckleberry then decided to look for buried treasure in an abandoned house. The boys were forced to hide when Injun Joe and a partner arrived to bury their own treasure there. However, the two men then came across a gold storage in the house and decided to hide it elsewhere. One night Huck followed them, hoping to find the gold. When he overheard their plan to attack the Widow Douglas, Huck got help, and the crime was prevented. Tom later went on a picnic with his classmates. While exploring a cave, they became lost, and Tom later realized that the gold was likely to be in the cave, and he and Huckleberry discovered it.56. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The story outlines the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.B. The story describes Mark Twain's childhood.C. The story tells the story of Huckleberry.D. This passage comments on Mark Twain's novels.57. What is the underlined part of the second paragraph trying to illustrate?A. Tom's helpfulness.B. Tom's honesty.C. Tom's friendliness.D. Tom's naughtiness.58. What's the correct order of the happenings in the third story?a. Huck followed those two.b. Then Tom and Huckleberry found gold.c. Tom and Huckleberry decided to search for buried treasure.d. Tom, Huckleberry and another boy ran away from home.A. a-c-b-dB. d-c-a-bC. b-a-d-cD. c-b-a-d59. In the author's eyes, what kind of novel is the Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A. An interesting adventure novel.B. The most humorous story of children.C. The greatest works of children's literature.D. The most popular historical novel.(B)⏹ 1. Star Wars: From a Certain Point of View- Return of the JediTo mark the 40th anniversary of the release of Return of the Jedi, this selection sees 40 scenes fromthe movie recreated through the eyes of a supporting character, from robots to Mon Mothma.So, among the 40 writers and artists contributing, we have Olivie Blake giving a glimpse into the mind of Emperor Palpatine, Mary Kenney telling the story of Wicket the Ewok's dream of a quiet day onthe forest moon of Endor and Charlie Jane Anders looking into that terrifying open mouth in the desert ofTatooine.⏹ 2. Creation Node by Stephen BaxterStephen Baxter is the author of one of my all-time favourite moments in a sci-fi novel: the oceansclose over the top of Everest in Flood. I think of his drowned Earth relatively often - it is an imageburned into my brain. His latest book sounds equally interesting and I'll definitely be giving it a read. Setin 2255, it follows the discovery of an object called Planet Nine, which a woman named Salma spotsfrom her spaceship.It's not a planet, or the "ninth" of anything; it was briefly believed to be a black hole, but then it sends a message that there is something waiting on its surface. Meanwhile, a quasar(类星体)has appeared and is heating up the solar system. Lots to deal with, then.⏹ 3. Starter Villain by John Scalzi⏹This is the sort of sci-fi novel that needs to be described as a joke, I feel. It's set on Earth today and sees divorced substitute teacher Charlie inherit his long-lost late uncle Jake's business. Unfortunately forCharlie, he also inherits his uncle's enemies. We are also promised intelligent, talking spy cats andunionised dolphins - what's not to like?⏹ 4. Land of Milk and Honey by C. Pam ZhangI loved Zhang's first novel, How Much of These Hills Is Gold, set in the 19th-century Old West. Ihighly, highly recommend it: Zhang is a phenomenal writer. Her second book moves the action to thenear future, where food crops are disappearing and a smog is spreading. Hoping to escape her troubledreality, a chef takes a job in a mountaintop settlement for the global elite (精英) and discovers plans toreshape the world.⏹ 5. Edge of Here by Kelechi OkaforWhat a treat this sounds: a short story collection to dip into in this busiest of months. Okafor, who is host of the Say Your Mind podcast, sets out to explore contemporary Black womanhood, but sets herstories in a Black Mirror version of the near future. There's one in which you can experience someoneelse's emotions through a chip in your brain, one where you can view bits of a distant relative's life withhelp from your DNA.60. If you want to know the life of a cook, which novel would you choose?A. Edge of Here by Kelechi OkaforB. Starter Villain by John ScalziC. Creation Node by Stephen BaxterD. Land of Milk and Honey by C. Pam Zhang61. What does the underlined phrase mean in the first paragraph?A. A non-leading role.B. A viewer.C. A directorD. A writing style.62. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. In Fiction 2, the Solar System is getting colder.B. In Fiction 3, a single teacher inherited his uncle's business.C. In Fiction 4, the author described events in the remote arca.D. In Fiction 5, you can experience black life through brain chips.(C)In recent years, the International Space Field set off a new round of exploration craze, hoping to further master the space secrets and resources. Countries are busy developing rockets and satellites, developing manned space technology, formulating plans to explore the moon and Mars, and conquering space "One step ahead?".When engineers develop a spacecraft, they ask a few key questions that guide their process, says David Klaus, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, who studies risk assessment and human spaceflight. They are, he explains, "What do we want to do? What does it take to do it? What can go wrong? And what can we do to reduce the chance of the bad things going wrong?" These questions seem simple enough, but the answers are essentialWhen NASA, SpaceX, Blue Origin or anyone else considers sending humans into space, the vehicle they build must do three things. First, it has to accommodate the crew members by meeting their basic needs such as oxygen, food and water. Second, it should allow them to accomplish mission objectives. Lastly, it must protect the people onboard and on the ground from the risks of spaceflight and reentry. Sometimes meeting one need introduces new risks. The crew needs to breathe, of course, but it was high-pressure tanks of liquid oxygen that caused an explosion on Apollo 13, and it was the fuel powering an oxygen generator that sparked a fire onboard the Mir space station in 1997.Not only do astronauts float through a near vacuum (真空) filled with radiation, but in low-Earth orbit, where the International Space Station (ISS) operates, crews have to deal with a growing cloud of debris (碎片) circling Earth, which are usually from old satellites. The ISS's debris protective covering can absorb impacts from particles smaller than half an inch, but between 1999 and 2022, the station had to fire pushers 32 times to avoid contact with larger objects. A single hit would be dangerous; at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour, even something the size of a softball can cause severe damage.What is the point of looking decades into space and struggling to explore the vastness of the universe? The development of the space industry has brought humans many benefits, the most important of which is the spread of information. The cell phone signal and TV signal people use now are all benefiting from the development of the space industry. The ultimate goal of mankind is to go deeper into space, and to explore more unknown worlds, that is, the Moon, Mars and beyond, and what humanity is eager to achieve is a common home of freedom and equality.63. Why did the writer mention the explosion on Apollo 13 in Paragraph 3 and the fire onboard the Mir space station?A. To explain the high risks of the space industry.B. To show the disadvantages of the space travel.C. To prove the unexpected risks of the spaceflight process.D. To describe the new risks involved in meeting the requirements.64. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A. The space environment itself piles on danger.B. Any misstep on a space mission is fatal.C. It is very difficult to complete the space mission.D. Space engineers work hard to clean up space debris.65. What is the ultimate goal of human exploration of space?A. More unknown planets and stars.B. Freedom and equality of human beings.C. More protection against human diseases.D. Space secrets and endless resources.66. What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?A. Studying space for countless years.B. Living in space for many years.C. Exploring space for some ten years.D. Observing space for several ten years.Section CA. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual abilitystressful.B. But in a new study researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.C. In the future, with the deepening of brain science research, human beings will eventuallyunlock the secrets of the brain.D. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.E. When we obtain new information, the brain automatically attempts to make it into existing information byforming associations.F. The outside world is a judgment of the brain, but humans just don't realize it.Is Human Brain Too Full?The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? The answer is no, because brains are more complicated than that. Instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form. Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. (67) __________.In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. (68) __________ And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly vulnerable to interference.(69) __________ When we search information, both relevant and irrelevant information will appear. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people arc able to remember almost every detail of their life. (70) __________ In a sense, forgetting is how our brains categorize memories, so the most relevant memories are ready to be taken out. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't become too full.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.ChatGPT Helps People a LotIn real life, robot customer service in various applications arc broadly similar to ChatGPT's Al products. It is ChatGPT's ability to learn the most with the highest level of intelligence that has made it a global hit. At the end of November 2022, AI research lab OpenAI launched AI chat software ChatGPT. So what exactly can ChatGPT do, and how can it help us ordinary people?First, chat with ChatGPT as if it were your friend when you're bored, and it will constantly revise its parameters (参数)and behavior with your advice and guidance. So the more you talk to it, the more it knows what you want, and the more it responds to you. Take travel as an example. While there are a lot of travel recommendation sites out there right now, they can't be customized to the individual, but you can ask ChatGPT for very specific information to get suggestions.Second, ChatGPT can be used when you want to create content but lack ideas. It can open your mind to ideas as well as create ideas for you. Children in the growth always like to listen to parents tell new stories, and story-telling gives a lot of parents a headache. What should we do when we run out of storybooks? ChatGPT is a great story generator, which generates a whole new story, as many as you want, based on the themes and characters you provide. It's perfectThird, let ChatGPT help you out when you're not sure how to get started with a paper, or an article. Of course, it doesn't always provide the right content, so we can learn from its framework, and it's much easier to fill in the content from there. Enter information about the type, title, column name, data, and so on, and ChatGPT will generate the table with one click. You can add columns and rows and do in-table calculations.According to ChatGPT's own answer, it's just an unconscious computer program. It can carry on self-active learning and realize task transfer under the regular instruction. Docs the answer ChatGPT gives you have to be the right answer? For conscious humans, it might be better to pick from all the possible answers.V. Translation72. 网络社交并不能代替现实生活。

2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷一、听力选择题1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A new company.B．The woman’s job duty.C．Mr. Baker’s work .2. What is the relationship between the speakers?A．Mother and son.B．Husband and wife.C．Brother and sister3.A．They planned to go skiing in the rain.B．They just want to grab the chance.C．They will probably change their mind.D．They’ll go skiing even in the rain.4. Where does the conversation take place?A．At a fast food restaurant.B．At the butcher’s.C．At a cafe.5. Why does the man suggest the woman try swimming?A．She swims very well.B．Swimming keeps her slim.C．The gym does her less good.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。

1. What problem does Roger have with exams?A．He isn’t clever.B．He isn’t confident.C．He doesn’t work hard.2. How does the man decide to help Roger?A．By helping him to stay calm.B．By finding an expert for him.C．By giving him some advice about his future.3. What do we know about the woman?A．She is easy to be tired.B．She often feels nervous.C．She finds exercise is a good way to relax.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

2020-2021学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, whenit comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.4. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.5. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.6. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.7. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.CDid you know people who live in different parts ofChinahave different habits and preferences? For example, people from southernChinaprefer to eat vegetables, while people from northChinalike to eat meat. According to a new study in a journal, gene variations (变异) might be responsible for these differences. Researchers fromChina’s BGI collected genetic information from 141,431 Chinese women, who came from 31 provinces and consisted of 36 ethnic minority groups.They found that natural selection has played an important role in the ways that people living in different regions of China have developed, affecting their food preferences, immunities (免疫力) to illness and physical features.A variation of the gene FADS2 is more commonly found in northern people. It helps people metabolize (新陈代谢) fatty acids, which suggests a diet that is rich in flesh. This is due to climate differences.Northern Chinais at ahigher latitude. This weather is difficult to grow vegetables in. Therefore, northerners tend to eat more meat.The study also found differences in the immune systems of both groups. Most people in southernChinacarry the gene CR1, which protects against malaria. Malaria was once quite common in southernChina. In order to survive, the genes of people in the south evolved to fight against this disease. However, people in the south are also more sensitive to certain illnesses, as they lack the genes to stop them.Genes can also cause physical differences between northerners and southerners. Most northerners have the ABCC11 gene, which causes dry earwax, less body smell and fewer sweats. These physical differences are also more beneficial to living in cold environments. Southerners are less likely to have this gene, as it did not develop in their population.8. What did the new study focus on?A. Regions.B. Eating habits.C. Gene variations.D. Ethnic minority groups.9. What is the main function of the gene FADS2?A. It helps store fat.B. It helps digest meat.C. It helps gain weight.D. It helps treat an illness.10. According to the study, most northerners ________.A. sweat less frequentlyB. are immune to malariaC. prefer vegetables to meatD. are more sensitive to climates11. How many differences did the study find related to genes?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.DEvery racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners．Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys（赛马骑师）and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．Butin medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on twodifferent pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，anothermathematician，took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)，a medium one (1,900 meters)，and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction fromthe track surface．The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can bedevastatingas well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．12. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?A. Make a good start．B. Plan for the race early．C. Run slowly on the starting line．D. Try runningquickly all the time．13. What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?A The experience and data from previous horse races．B. The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．C. The success in studying runners' winning strategies．D. The performance of horses on different race distances．14. What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?A. Boring．B. Damaging．C. Astonishing．D. Puzling．15. What can we infer from the text?A. Runners have the same energy output of muscles．B. Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．C. What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．D. World champion runners made a contribution to the study．第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市普陀区2024届高三一模英语试题(含听力）一、听力选择题1. What are the speakers talking about ?A．Their neighbors.B．Their holiday plans.C．Their favorite part-time jobs.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A．Read the school magazine.B．Help him with an article.C．Join the school band.3.A．On May 10.B．On May 9.C．On May 8.D．On May 7.4. What went on at Cooper's last night?A．A movie show.B．A birthday party.C．A sales promotion.5.A．Improving health B．Building muscle C．Flexibility D．Weight loss二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1. What might be the symptom of exam stress according to the speaker?A．Eating disorder.B．Muscle ache.C．Brain injury.2. How many ways are talked about to deal with exam stress?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.3. What’s the purpose of the speaker?A．To warn.B．To complain.C．To inform.7. 听下面一段长对话，回答小题。

1. Where are the speakers?A．In the man’s house.B．In a clothing store.C．In a design company.2. What does the woman say about her business?A．It focuses on personal needs.B．It only provides formal clothing.C．It attracts mainly young customers.3. When will the wedding take place?A．In one week.B．In four weeks.C．In one year.8. 听下面一段较长对话，完成以下小题。

2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案解析)2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案解析)[此处省略题目部分]Introduction英语试卷是评估学生英语能力的重要工具之一。

本文将带您深入了解2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷，并提供答案解析，以帮助学生更好地备考。

Section 1: Listening Comprehension (听力理解)The listening comprehension section assesses a student's ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consists of multiple-choice questions based on audio clips. This section helps evaluate students' listening skills and their comprehension of spoken English.Section 2: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)The reading comprehension section evaluates students' ability to understand written English texts. It includes a variety of passages, such as news articles, interviews, and fictional stories. Questions are based on the passages and may require students to identify main ideas, analyze details, or draw conclusions.Section 3: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇和语法)This section tests students' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar rules. It assesses their ability to choose the correct word or phrase, complete sentences with appropriate vocabulary or grammar forms, and identify errors in sentences.Section 4: Translation (翻译)The translation section examines students' proficiency in translating English sentences into Chinese or vice versa. It assesses their understandingof grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure in both languages.Section 5: Writing (写作)The writing section measures students' ability to express themselves in written English. It typically consists of essay prompts, where students are asked to provide their opinions or perspectives on a given topic. This section evaluates their ability to organize ideas, use appropriate language, and convey their thoughts effectively.Answer Analysis (答案解析)答案解析部分为学生提供试题的答案，并分析解释正确答案的原因。

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard 1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful.D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear aboutthe challenges (21) _______ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) ____________________________ (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concernis the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someonein a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a carin that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-centuryDutch painters.However, there are 31 ____ whether some paintingsattributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, andindeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ___ 32 itcould not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe __ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light37 _____ ontoitfrom below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, whichis not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was __ 40 from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he hadto make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by.A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge Aunique wilderness retreat onthe edge of the WorldHeritage-listed NationalPark and only 5 km from thesea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740 Number of nights2 4 4 Daily meals included in package Mountain buffet breakfastFree soft drink alwaysavailableHot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonOldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?B.C.Mountain Lodge. B. Pelican Resort.B.Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B.Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C.All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D.Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls anda 3-year-old boy costsA.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentageof hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided n ot to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their childr en to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Big Sister’s WeddingThree days before the wedding,Grand Aunt personally entrusted a special small package for Aunt Baba to hand to Big Sister.On___1___(open)the elegant leather case in Aunt Baba’s room,Big Sister found a lovely pendant(吊坠)made of ancient green jade hanging on a heavy gold chain.She immediately put it on and breathed with pleasure while she admired ___2___in the mirror.Then she begged Aunt Baba and me not to mention Grand Aunt’s gift to a soul,obviously intending to keep the pendant___3___telling Niang.The wedding was a formal and brilliant affair with a ceremonial dinner party for five hundred in the grand ballroom on the ninth floor of the Cathay Hotel,___4___(situate)at the border of the Bund and fashionable Nanjing Road and overlooking the Huangpu River.The room___5___(fill)with masses of fresh flowers,and the Chinese character for double happiness was outlined in red blooms against the wall.Big Sister was elegantly dressed in a beautiful pink Qipao and silver shoes___6___Samuel wore a tuxedo(燕尾服).Two professional radio comedians acted as masters of ceremonies.I had nothing to wear but an old pink Qipao___7___had been handed down by Big Sister when she grew out of it.___8___I didn’t look particularly nice,at least I didn’t stand out and no one noticed me.My three older brothers,however,were having a horrible time. For this special occasion,Father ordered them___9___(have)fresh hair-cuts.My brothers’heads were shaved cleanly,so not a trace of hair____10____(remain).They were wearing dark-blue,traditional,long Chinese clothes with high collars and cloth buttons.I thought the brothers would make a lot of unexpected things on the Big Sister’s wedding.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can beused only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A．generated B．mechanically C．partnership D．reforming E.poweredF.efficiencyG.growingH.greatlyI.sustainableJ.revolutionizeK.emissionsThe Inevitable Plastics Revolution The Guardian once called plastic“Man’s worst invention”.One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions.For example,plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their___11___;it also increases the shelf life of foods,reducing food waste and the need to transport more.So plastics have an important role to play in creating a___12___future.Currently that isn’t the case.Of the24.5million tons of plastic waste___13___in Europe each year,only14per cent is recycled.The rest is burned,buried or lost on land or at sea.Indeed,the European plastics industry emits95million tons of CO2each year,about3.7 per cent of total___14___.One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.That has to change,says Marc,one of the world’s leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers.“With a___15___population,we need to find a way to make better use of our resources.”In___16___with the recycling technology company,Mura Technology,it wants to___17___the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions.The approach will change the way we make plastic.Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals,using processes___18___by fossil fuels.While a great deal is thrown away,a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be____19____recycled.This involves washing,drying and grinding the material, then heating and___20___it into a new product.But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed.In order to reduce pollution,the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.三、完形填空What do you know about fashion?The fashion industry,which has become one of the most____21____to the planet,is having a moment of punishment.But which changes make a difference,and which ones just____22____in the wash?In fact,the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry,the most environmentally unfriendly industry.A friend of mine____23____an antique clothes store in the north of London.Business has been good for many years,which makes her acquire a large fortune.Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing.Most of it is____24____,but if you know what you are looking for,there are raw diamonds.The storehouse has a long history.It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料)that were used to make cheap clothing for the____25____in Victorian Britain.A century on,____26____has changed.Nowadays,it is full of modern-day inferior products,all____27____cheap clothing made for the masses around the world.Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried,not being reused.The items are the products of an industry that,in the past30years,has become one of the most successful and also most____28____on the planet.Known as fast fashion,it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜)with cheap and cheerful clothes.But after three decades of continuous growth,the model is in____29____with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement–even from within the industry–that it is time to______30______.Otherwise,“Fast fashion”creates a mountain of unsellable,cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.“The fashion industry represents a key environmental______31______,”says Kirsi Niinimäki at Aalto University in Espoo,Finland.“Eventually,the long-term stability of the fashion industry______32______the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.”Like fast food,fast fashion is all about instant______33______on the cheap.One wonders:What can we do about it?Don’t you have any clothes on?It’s not that______34______.More importantly,don’t waste,learn to control your desires and______35______falling into this“Fast fashion”lifestyle.As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said,the“Fast fashion”industry is profit-driven,but consumers who have experienced“over-consumption”will naturally grow tired of it,and the market will have its choice.21．A．convincing B．interesting C．confusing D．damaging 22．A．carry out B．come out C．set out D．break out 23．A．builds B．runs C．supports D．controls 24．A．expensive B．useless C．worthless D．attractive 25．A．businessmen B．children C．locals D．masses 26．A．little B．few C．much D．many27．A．on behalf of B．in the form of C．for the sake of D．in terms of 28．A．effective B．destructive C．preventive D．alternative 29．A．quarrel B．argument C．fight D．conflict 30．A．tell the truth B．hit the brakes C．pave the way D．break the ice 31．A．threat B．effect C．problem D．protection 32．A．results from B．consists of C．brings about D．relies on 33．A．ambition B．action C．satisfaction D．attraction 34．A．far B．extreme C．bad D．complex 35．A．enjoy B．imagine C．miss D．avoid四、阅读理解Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest,daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens.Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health,emotional well-being and school performance,according to the National Sleep Foundation,most adolescents get less than eight.Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye.“There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,”said Stephanie J. Crowley,PhD．“One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.”Crowley said,“there are two competing forces:one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.”Because of this complex conflict,RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian(昼夜节律的)system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.To solve teen sleep shortage,the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of2.5hours.The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier.This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime,like limiting certainafter-school activities.Researchers were able to shift the teens’bedtime by an hour and a half earlier,and theirtotal sleep time increased by approximately an hour.“The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,”Crowley said.“And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn’t need to be shifted any earlier.They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration.”The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired,and less angry,and they exhibited better concentration.The students’morning attention improved as well.36．According to the author,what’s the major sleeping problem in teens?A．Most teens’circadian clocks have changed.B．Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.C．Too much sleep affects teens’academic performance.D．Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.37．What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning two competing forces?A．To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.B．To emphasize the significance of teens’night-time routine.C．To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.D．To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.38．What can we learn about the bright light therapy?A．It makes teens go through many different changes.B．It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.C．It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.D．It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.39．What is the best title of the passage?A．Teens’Sleeping Time B．Helping Teens Get More Sleep C．Experiment on Teens’Behavior D．Improving Teens’ConcentrationTop HeadlinesLayover or Nonstop?Unique Pattern of Connectivity Lets Highly Creative People’s Brains Take Road Less Traveled to Their Destination October14,2022_____________?_________________ Mar.14,2022—Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative,one that shows promise ofMar.28,2022—A new study showshighly creative people’s brains appear towork differently than others,with anatypical approach that makes distantconnections...Researchers Develop Real-Time LyricGeneration Technology to Inspire SongWritingAug.10,2021—Music artists can findinspiration and new creative directions fortheir song writing with...Latest HeadlinesAha!+Aaaah:Creative Insight Triggersa Neural Reward SignalApr.9,2020—A new neuroimaging studypoints to an answer of what may havedriven the evolutionary development of...succeeding far better than current ways ofsparking...Teaching Pupils Empathy MeasurablyImproves Their Creative AbilitiesFeb.2,2021—Teaching children in a waythat encourages them to empathize with othersmeasurably improves their creativity,andcould potentially lead to several otherbeneficial learning outcomes,new research...updated11:02pm EDT⚫Creativity Assessments for Students⚫Use Your Team’s Emotions to BoostCreativity⚫Measuring Creativity,One Word at a Time⚫Creative Insight Triggers a Neural RewardSignal⚫Where in the Brain Does Creativity ComeFrom?⚫Caffeine Boosts Problem-Solving Ability40．What’s the passage mainly about?A．News on teaching.B．News on creativity. C．News on technology.D．News on caffeine.41．Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar.14,2022?A．More Methods Help You Creative B．Many Ways Help You Succeed C．Anyone Can Be Creative D．Everyone Can Be Stimulated 42．Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．Highly creative people work differently than others.B．Anyone can find inspiration and new ways to create.C．Encouraging kids to help others is a way to improve their creativity.D．A new neuroimaging study leads to human creativity.Wildlife populations around the world are facing dramatic declines,according to new figures that have led environmental campaigners to call for urgent action to rescue the natural world.The2022Living Planet Index(LPI),produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL),reveals that studied populations of mammals,birds,reptiles(爬行动物)and fish have seen an average decline of69per cent since1970,faster than previous predictions.The LPI tracked global biodiversity between1970and2018,based on the monitoring of31,821 populations of5230vertebrate(脊椎动物)species.Mark Wright of WWF says the degree of decline is destructive and continues to worsen.“We are not seeing any really positive signs that we are beginning to bend the curve of nature,”he says.Freshwater vertebrates have been among the hardest-hit populations,with monitored populations showing an average decline of83per cent since1970.The Amazon pink river dolphin,for example,has experienced a65per cent decline in its population between1994 and2016.Meanwhile,some of the most biodiverse regions of the world are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife,with the Caribbean and central and south America seeing average wildlife population declined by94per cent since1970.Habitat loss and reduction is the largest driver of wildlife loss in all regions around the world,followed by species overexploitation by hunting,fishing or poaching(偷猎).In December,governments from around the world will gather in Montreal,Canada,for the COP15Biodiversity Framework,a much-delayed summit that aims to agree on a set of new targets intended to prevent the loss of animals,plants and habitats globally by2030.“This is a once-in-a-decade opportunity that’s coming up,”says Robin Freeman of ZSL.He says it is vital that governments use the summit to agree on“meaningful,well measurable targets and goals”.“We need governments to take action to ensure that those goals deal with the complicated combined threats of climate change and biodiversity,in order for us to see a meaningful action,”says Freeman.But some researchers are critical of the LPI’s use of aheadline figure of decline,warning it is easy to be misunderstood.The findings don’t mean all species or populations worldwide are in decline.In fact, approximately half the populations show a stable or increasing trend,and half show a declining trend.“I think a more appropriate and useful way to look at it is to focus on specific species or populations,”says Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data.But Wright says the LPI is a useful tool that reflects the findings of other biodiversity indicators.“All of those show they all scream there is something going really very badly wrong,”says Wright. 43．What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?A．Loving and protecting nature.B．Preserving the diversity of nature. C．Underestimating the benefits of nature.D．Destroying and changing nature. 44．In paragraph2,the author mentions the Amazon pink river dolphin to show______. A．the number of Amazon dolphins is on the riseB．freshwater vertebrates are at risk of extinctionC．there are no positive measures to protect natureD．some of the world’s wild animals are in decline45．What can we learn about people’s response to the issue mentioned in the passage? A．It makes sense to focus on a particular species.B．Preventing the loss of habitats by2030is certain to happen.C．New agreement on the prevention of habitat loss will be in vain.D．The Caribbean wildlife has been well protected in recent decades.46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A．The COP15Biodiversity FrameworkB．Wildlife Population Declining SharplyC．Urgent Action to Save the EarthD．Correct Interpretation of LPI五、六选四Engaging in Family MealsEngaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home.A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higherlikelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together,and not in front of a television.The researchers surveyed259patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University.______47______“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,”lead study author Keeley J.Pratt,PhD,the Ohio State University,Columbus,OH,USA,said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home.______48______The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight,also called“weight talk.”“While open communication with children about health is beneficial,it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors.That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,”Professor Pratt said.______49______Families with younger children,regardless of gender,were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together,and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.As kids grow up,the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.______50______“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss,prevent the beginning of obesity in children,and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,”Professor Pratt said. A．The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.B．They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.C．There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study. D．This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients. E．Previous study has shown parental obesity(肥胖)is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.F．Someone has no power to influence the family,but they are influencing each other.六、概要写作51．Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Graduates Turn to TeachingChina has witnessed a66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade,and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs.According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education,the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from172,000to 11.44million in the past decade.Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’salaries and status within society,and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching.However,another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.Chu Zhaohui,a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences,said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people’s changing perception of the economic situation,job stability and security,which are major concerns for graduates.In view of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years,many college graduates just want a stable job,so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession,and many students from well-known universities have joined the competition.Of course,everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example.Wang Lin,who graduated from a famous university,said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school,inspired by her own history teacher.She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her.In fact,there are many such cases.While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China,landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．今天的香肠炒饭闻起来很香,我都流口水了。

2019-2020学年上海市普陀区沙田学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BRain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in products, such as toothpaste and cleansers. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash clothing, tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain,and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) combines to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen said. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”4. What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B. They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D. They cause acid rain and plastic rain.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Waysto deal with microplastics.B. The wide use of microplastics.C. Where microplastics come from.D. How microplastics pollute water.6. What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B. The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D. Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.7. The main purpose of the article is to________.A. call on people to use fewer plastic productsB. warn people of the danger of microplasticsC. introduce the sources and effects of microplasticsD. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rainCI’ve been putting my passport to good use lately. I use it asa coaster and to level unsteady table legs. It makes an excellent cat toy.Welcome to the pandemic (疫情) of disappointments. Canceled trips or ones never planned in case they would be canceled. Family reunions, study-abroad years, lazy beach vacations. Poof. Gone. Ruined by a tiny virus, the list of countries where our passports are not welcome is long.It is not natural for us to be this sedentary (定居的). Travel is in our genes. For most of the time our species has existed, we've lived as nomadic (游牧的) hunter-gatherers. But what if we can't move? What's a traveler to do? There are ways to answer that question. "Despair," though, is not one of them.We are an adaptive species. We can tolerate brief periods of forced sedentariness. We pass the days glancing through old travel journals and Instagram posts. We gaze at souvenirs. All this helps. For a while. Then, what hope do we have?I think hope lies in the very nature of travel. Travel involves wishful thinking. It demands a leap of faith, and of imagination, to board a plane for some faraway, land. Travel is one of the few activities we engage in not knowing the outcome and are drunk in that uncertainty. Nothing is more forgettable than the trip that goes exactly asplanned.That's one reason why I have faith in travel's future. In fact, I'd argue travel is an essential activity. It's not essential the way hospitals and grocery stores are essential. Travel is essential the way books and hugs are essential. Food for the soul. Right now, we're between courses, enjoying where we've been, expecting where we'll go. Maybe it'sZanzibarand maybe it's the campground down the road that you've always wanted to visit.8. From the first paragraph we learn that the author is _______ .A. desperateB. humorousC. boredD. worried9. From the author's perspective, what's the point of travel?A. To feel hopeful.B. To make a wish.C. To take adventures.D. To broaden horizons.10. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By showing evidences.B. By providing examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By interpreting opinions.11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Where to go for a trip.B. Why people need to travel.C. How to fight the pandemic.D. What people should do at home.DSome of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every evening when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.Dad’s comb was bought when he married Mum. Every evening, he would smile, hand me the comb and say: “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was more than happy to do it. This seems amundanetask, but it brought me such joy at that time. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad started his own business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and he didn’t come home as much as he used to. Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home.Today, I’ve graduated from college and Dad’s business are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me continued. Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early and said to me, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink. It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. I brushed the comb, and it hit me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his comb was such a joy.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. This time, I noticed my day has aged. But his smile is still as heartwarming as before. Dad carefully places his comb on top of his wallet. After so many years, I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.12. As a child, the author helped her dad clean his comb happily because ________.A. she was good at cleaning the combB. she thought that she should do that as a good girlC. her dad was home early to spend the evening with herD. the comb was important for her father and her mother13. Which of the following words can best replace the underlined wordmundanein paragraph two?A. importantB. excitingC. unnecessaryD. uninteresting14. When the author said, “It’s a new comb. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it.”, she felt ________.A. disappointedB. impatientC. tiredD. sorry15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Evenings With Dad.B. How to Clean the Comb.C. My Memory with My Dad.D. I Love My Family Members.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Billionaires Race to SpaceIn late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon ____21____ (fly) to the edge of space—62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth’s surface—on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.“Best day ever,” Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, ____22____others weren’t so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued, ____23____be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.Bezos wasn’t the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first____24____ (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week ____25____the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, ____26____ (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic.Critics say that the money ____27____ (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on ____28____they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. ____29____naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, “traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.”But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds _____30_____ (put) toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That’s money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.【答案】21．flew22．while23．should24．to becriticized25．before26．developed27．going28．what29．The30．are put【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

2020-2021学年普陀中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn Friday morning when 53-year-old Thong Pham broke into the house through the unlocked back door, he took a steak knife from the kitchen.It was dark, and the family didn't know what Marley was barking (吠) at. Taylor, Amber and their girls Finley, 6,and Sadie, 4, soon woke up and came downstairs, too. “Well, it was dark so we couldn't see anything, only could hear Marley,” Amber recalled, saying her husband then went for the lights. “And once he turned the hall light on, we realized that the guy was holed up in the corner trying to hide.”“So I think he got to the front door and realized he couldn't get out, and by that point in time, Marley's got him cornered,”Taylorsaid. Pham slashed (砍) both Marley and Taylor, and blood went everywhere. Taylor shared a video summary to his Facebook page, where he said Marley was stabbed (刺) up to six times, mostly around the head and neck area. “And as I pulled back, blood shot out of my arm,”Taylorcontinued. “She got him pretty good and I got him pretty good in the face.”“But it was really hard because I was trying to make sure that my husband wasn't going to die,” Amber explained, adding that she was trying to protect their two girls. “When he realized that the two girls were in the house, that's when he kind of backed up and started running. "Taylorexpressed gratitude to everyone for their thoughts and prayers. And the family is thankful for their dog Marley.“She's our hero,” Amber said. “If it hadn't been for her, that guy could have gone in the...he could have gone to their rooms or something.”Tayloradded, “Yeah, I mean, the story plays out very differently if Marley's not there.”1. Why did the family come downstairs before daybreak?A. To stop a break-in.B. To lock the back door.C. To check on Marley.D. To turn the hall light on.2. What happened during the fight?A. Pham dug a hole in the corner.B. Marley was injured but bit back.C. Taylor had a backup from neighbors.D. Amber fought back to protect her girls.3. What doesTaylormainly express on his Facebook?A. Forgiveness.B. Concern.C. Anger.D. Appreciation.BWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bring about more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment. Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, because someone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.4. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.5. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.6. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.7. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.CAs an eco-minimalist, Su Yige has maintained an environmentally friendly and sustainable lifestyle for the past three years while studying in Canada. She takes her own bag when she goes grocery shopping and uses second-hand items as often as possible. She avoids almost all paper-related products unless she has to use a public toilet while away from home.Diligence and thrift are time-honored traditional Chinese virtues. Su's family is a good example of this, according to the native of Weihai, Shandong province. Although they have little formal “green” knowledge, her parents lead a very environmentally friendly life.For example, the family has used the same hair dryer for more than a decade, and Su remembers many of her mother's clothes from as far back as kindergarten. “As long as something can still be used, my mother will not replace it with a new item,” she said.“I frequently asked my father to bring the plastic bag back home after dumping our waste in the trash bin. He was unhappy, and argued that instead of making that request, I should go downstairs to dump the waste myself” she said. In another move, her father criticized her for doing too much shopping online. Eventually, they both made steps toward becoming better environmentalists. Her father brings the bag back for reuse and she has only bought two pieces of clothing online in the past six months.Back in Canada, Su is looking forward to finding a job related to sustainable development in China after she graduates as a computer science major in the summer.8. Which of the following best describes Su Yige?A. Conservative.B. Nostalgic.C. Economical.D. Productive.9. What can be found about Su's mother according to the third paragraph?A. She has a lot of formal green knowledge.B. She regards using the same items as a lifestyle.C. She always wears old clothes due to lack of money.D. She will not replace the old items until they are out of style.10. What can be inferred about Su and her father?A. Both of them like to criticize each other.B. Su's father is particular about her clothes.C. The relationship between them is very tense.D. They urge each other to become more environmentally friendly.11. What can we learn about the author soon after she graduates in Canada?A. She will stay there to look for a job.B. She will put effort into computer science.C. She will devote herself to her motherland's future.D. She will come back to China to stay with her parents.DFaming is a tradition among many in South Dakota, one that is not always easy to keep in the family. But one family has survived four generations and hopes to continue long into the future. The year was 1933 when Ed VanderWal's father first stepped onto the farm. Now 80 years later, Ed carries the passion(热情) his father gave him for farming every daywhile working the fields on the family farm in Volga.“Well, I was in the first grade when my dad moved here to this farm and I grew up on the farm. And that's what I was interested in doing more,” Ed said. But that love of working the land didn't stop with Ed. He's passed it down to his six sons. Some of them run farms of their own now, but two of them, Scott and David, still work side by side with their dad every day.Some people might worry that working sun up to sun down with family seven days a week would lead to a few family spats(争吵). But for the VanderWals, the constant time together works just fine.“When families work together on a farm, it's a challenge at times getting along. Everyone has to pull their weight and do their share. And that, of course, transfers from one generation to the next,” Scott said.And while they all get along like any family, with good days and bad, it's tradition that keeps each generation teaching the next.“But we taught them to work with animals at a young age, like most farmers do. So it's nice to be able to pass that tradition onto the next generation,” Scott said.The youngest generation of the VanderWals, Ed's three grandsons and a granddaughter, all started learning farming techniques at a young age.12. Why did Ed VanderWal devote himself to the farm?A. Because he grew up on the farm.B. Because he was affected by his father.C Because he could do nothing but work on the farm.D. Because he wanted to set a good example for his sons.13. What can we know from Paragraph 2?A. Managing a farm is a real challenge.B. Ed has divided his farms into six parts.C. Ed taught his sons how to work on farms.D. Scott and David own their own farms now.14. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The VariderWals have strict family rules.B. Ed's tradition has great effect on the local.C. Ed's grandchildren will drop out of school.D. Ed's farms have no lack of successors (继承者).15. What's the best title of the passage?A. A Faming Family.B. A Successful Farmer.C. The Agricultural 'Tradition.D. The Agricultural Generation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语I.ListeningComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd. C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually empty B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C. The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffe isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man’s offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12.Agive advice B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Accept so meone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats. B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) ___________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities. Two women who (23) __________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise)awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wi th the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful. Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very muchlike that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 ____ it could not be a work byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 ____ o nto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ peoplethe ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community serviceon that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year,at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. R egardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hittheir students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs Holiday Plus Need a break? Choose from these three wonderful holidays!HolidaylocationMountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the World Heritage-listed National Park and only 5 km from the sea Pelican Resort A true coral island right on the Great Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Swim straight for the beach Cedar Lodge A mixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings for those over 25Price* $330 $580 $740Number of nights2 4 4 Daily mealsincluded in package Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optional extra) Renovation: resort willclose for May Free minibus trip around island Plane flights to WilsonIsland only $50Oldest living rainforest Free bikes and tennis courts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from airport Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours1/2 hour by minibus10 mins by taxi *Price ： per person, per package, twin share Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.I n contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and tak e responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。

普陀区2019学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上—律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

1.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She is going to Thailand.C. She likes collecting postcards.2. A. To go out to have a cup of coffee.C. To make a cup of coffee for him.3. A. Tn a civil court. B. Tn a cybercafe.4. A. Engineering. B. Geography.5. A. 14:00. B. 17:006. A. The man will pick up Professor Rice at her office.B.The man didn't expect his paper to be graded so soon.C.Professor Rice has given the man a very high grade.D.Professor Rice won't see her student in her office.7. A. She had to be a liar sometimes.C. She had little chance for promotion.8. A. There was no park nearby.B.The woman hasn't seen the film yet.C.The weather wasn't ideal for a walk.D.It would be easier to go to the cinema.9. A. Dr. White comes from Greece.B.The woman couldn't understand Greek at all.C.The woman didn't follow the professor's explanation.D.Dr. White talked about the geography of Greece yesterday.10. A. It is more comfortable and convenient to take a bus.B.It is worth the money taking a plane to Vancouver.C.It is not always more expensive going by air.D.It is faster to go to Vancouver by bus.B. She is going on vacation.D. She has traveled all over the world.B.To enjoy the coffee in the office.D. To help him finish the program.C.At a sports club.C. Math.C. 18:00.D. At a theatre.D. Physics.D: 19:00.B. She is required to be slim.D. Her salary is not satisfactory.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation -will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Babies have the ability to learn before birth.B.Newborn babies are influenced by mothers' ability.C.Newborn babies can recognize the sounds of their mother.D.Babies only want food and to be kept warm and dry.12. A. By 18 months of age. B. By 6 months of age.C. By two years of age.D. By one year of age.13. A. They can recognize the different surroundings.B.They can identify the sounds of the mother tongue.C.They can imitate the sounds of the second language.D.They can differ the sounds of two different languages.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To form an official league team. B. To join the Organization Earth.C.To win the world championship.D. To compete with Greece's best teams.15. A. A luxurious life is no longer a dream.B.Life in the refugee camp is at times tense.C.The players care more about their racial identity.D.There are fewer fights between people of different races.16. A. Organization Earth is composed of refugees.B.The love for the football brings the refugees together.C.Greek government provides support for football training.D.Hope Refugee United has beaten the Greece9s best team.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A tourist guidebook. B. An annual traveler report.C. A travelling magazine.D. An airport ranking list.18. A. 3 weeks. B. 13 days. C. 31 hours. D. 3 hours.19. A. To illustrate the poor service.B.To state the cause of the delay.C.To praise the kindness of other passengers.D.To complain about the position of the Gate.20. A. They provide useless directions and services.B.They are completely indifferent to travelers9 needs.C.They are extremely caring about passengers' safety.D.They provide the wrong address of the nearby hospital.TL Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given -word; for the other blanks, use one word that bestfits each blank.Surprise! A New PenguinA team of scientists in New Zealand recently came across the remains of a previously unknown species of penguin—by mistake. The discovery of the Waitaha penguin species, which has been extinct for 500 years, is exciting news for the scientific community (21) it gives new insight into how past extinction events can help shape the present environment.The researchers uncovered the Waitaha penguin remains while studying New Zealand's rare yellow-eyed penguin. The team wanted to investigate the effects (22) humans have had on the now endangered species. They studied centuries-old bones from (23) they thought were yellow-eyed penguins and compared them with the bones of modern yellow-eyed penguins. Surprisingly, some of the bones were older than (24) (expect). Even more shockingly, the DNA in the bones indicated that they did not belong to yellow-eyed penguins. The scientists concluded that these very old bones (25) have belonged to a previously unknown species, which they named the Waitaha penguin.By studying the bones, scientists further concluded that the Waitaha penguin was once native (26) New Zealand. But after the settlement of humans on the island country, its population (27) (wipe) out Based on the ages of the bones of both penguin species, the team discovered a gap in time between the disappearance of the Waitaha and the arrival of the yellow-eyed penguin. The time gap indicates that the extinction of the Waitaha penguin created the opportunity for the yellow-eyed penguin population (28) (migrate) to New Zealand.(29) yellow-eyed penguins tlmved (兴盛) in New Zealand for many years, that species now also faces extinction. The yellow-eyed penguin today is considered one of the world's (30) (rare) species of penguin, with an estimated population of 7,000 that is now the focus of an extensive conservation effort in New Zealand.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Autism Spectrum DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, affects how people communicate with and relate to others. Most people with autism don't understand some of the basic social 31 that others take for granted. They might have trouble making eyecontact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures. And over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don,t use speech. Along with communication 32 , people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or 33 behaviors. Many are sensitive to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects. Some have 34 disabilities, but about half have average or above average IQs. It's also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory fbr certain details, and many excel in math, science, music, or art.With such a wide variety of symptoms, no two people with ASD are alike. The behaviors vary so much that they used to be 35 as different disorders. One was Asperger Syndrome, where people obsess over particular topics, 36_nonverbal social cues, and may not understand appropriate social behaviors.Even though there's no cure fbr ASD, therapy and medication can help people adjust. Scientists are also doing clinical 37 to find other solutions. They've learned that 1 out of every 68 children in the US has the disorder, but they still aren't sure what causes it. No matter why it happens, ASD is being 38 at a higher rate every year. This doesn,t mean it's becoming more common. It just means more people are aware of the condition and getting professional help early, and awareness is 39 . The more we learn about autism, the more we can understand and relate to those who have it.It's important to note that people with ASD deserve the same respect, fairness and chances that people without ASD receive. This will help people with ASD 40 and grow in our communities.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The experienced cellist Rostropovich tripped him purposely to 41 him of pre-performance panic. Mr. Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. T a lready fell. What else could happen?^, Today, music schools are addressing the problem of _42 in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, 43 mind.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging 44 , from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline,45 visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't deny that you're tense, they urge; some excitement is 46 , even necessary fbr dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies fbr the moments before 47 , “Take two deep abdominal（腹部）breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile," she says. "And not one of these "please don,t kill me' smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the 48 , people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. "She doesn't want performers to think of the audience as ajudge.Extreme demands by conductors or parents are often 49 stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-laiown violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve..When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the heartbeat, which was just total 50 . I came to a point where I thought, 'If I have to go through this to play music, I think Vm going to look fbr another job.'" Recovery, he said, involved developing humbleness—recognizing that whatever his talent, he was lilcely to make mistakes, and that an 51 concert was not a disaster.It is not only 52 artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great singer Franco Corelli is another example. "We had to push him on stage," his partners recalled.53 , success can make things worse. 6C In the beginning of your career, when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don,t have any 54 ，'‘ Singer June Anderson said. "There's less to lose. Later on, when you're known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to 55 . " He added, T never stop being nervous until Fve sung my last note.”41. A. assure B. cure C. remind D. rob42. A. anxiety B. adolescence C. principle D. psychology43. A. absent B. blank C. keen D. narrow44. A. advice B. choices C. services D. education45. A. instead of B. along with C.such as D. with regard to46. A. definite B. neutral C. natural D. precious47. A. ceremony B. performance C. lecture D. rehearsal48. A. audience B. orchestra C. staff D. choir49. A. at the face of B. at the root of C. in favour of D. in contrast with50. A. craze B. fault C. failure D. panic51. A. unusual B. imperfect C. invalid D. unpopular52. A. talented B. unknown C.young D. experienced53. A. Actually B. Certainly C. Luckily D. Similarly54. A. appreciation B. contribution C. expectation D. satisfaction55. A. learn B. offer C. say D.loseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Leftover again? HurrayHere's the deal: You're as hungry as a horse and you want a delicious meal from a fine restaurant, but you're a little low on funds.So what do you do? If you happen to live in Europe, the answer is as easy as pie: You pull out your smartphone or tablet, and tap Too Good To Go,Europe's most popular app. Approximately 23,000 restaurants and food sellers post their leftover offerings on the app for half their usual cost.Why all this incredible generosity? Unbelievably, one-third of the world's food is thrown away, and nearly one billion people don't have enough to eat. Besides, burning wasted food releases harmful carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. Thafs why environment-minded companies around the world are creating apps for phones, tablets, and other smart devices that connect uneaten fdod with people who want or need it.After a long day at work, Anne, a 34-year-old student, pulls out her smartphone and chooses a noodle dish—pasta with mushrooms. Then she heads to a restaurant on the banks of the Spree River, where the owner packs her dinner and also offers her a scoop of free ice cream, which is a reward for bringing her own container.Indeed, there are many programs serving the same mission around the world. Tn America, people are using an app called Food for All. One hour before a restaurant closes, its staff can post leftover meals to the app for up to 80 percent off menu prices. The app also allows customers to donate leftover meals to others.Tn the Netherlands, 77,000 people have downloaded an app called NoFoodWasted.This program allows grocery store workers to share products that are approaching their expiration dates with customers who might need them.Some countries are taking their commitment to reducing food waste a step further. France and the Czech Republic, for example, have laws that prohibit restaurants and grocery stores from throwing away food. Instead, workers are required to donate that food to charity.So think about if there might be a better use for your uneaten vegetables. The planet will thank you.56.What is this passage mainly about?A.Restaurants can post leftover meals on the app Food for All.B.Apps are designed connecting leftover food with people in need.C.Stores share food approaching their expiration dates with customers.D.It's popular for people to claim food that might otherwise be thrown away.57.What is the result when lots of food is thrown out and later burned up?A.Carbon dioxide is given off, worsening the problem of climate change.B.Some countries have laws making restaurants donate the food they make.ernments have made many apps that let people find cheap meals.D.Nearly one billion people on the planet do not get enough food to eat.58.What can you infer from the passage?A.Anne packed a tasty pasta and mushroom dish to give away to charity.B.The restaurant Anne visits sells its leftover food at a discount each day.C.The 80-percent-off deal offered on app is not available during lunch hours.ws have been passed to prevent restaurants from throwing out leftover flood.59.This passage would be most useful for a student research project on .A.application of technology to help solve the problem of leftover foodws to help promote the safe transportation and sale of food productsC.restaurants using high-tech solutions to reduce packaging wasteD.methods to design apps that connect restaurants with customers61.These two medicines are most suitable for .A. a child who has a common coldB. an adult who has trouble falling asleepA. Medicine A.B. Medicine B.C. Both medicines.D. Neither medicine.C. a teenager who slightly hurt his wristD. an old man who has stomach bleeding62.Which of the following can be found in the instructions?A.Acceptable Daily Intake (ADT).B. Ingredients of the medicine.C. Facts about the origin of the medicine.D. Names of the doctors to consult.(C)Imagine how you'd feel if you had to get more than 9,000 tons of junk out to the sidewalk. Thafs how much trash is floating around in space. In fact, there's about 4 million pounds flying over our heads in low-Earth orbit. Daan, a Dutch artist, and his team at Space Waste Lab have come up with a creative plan that could clear up space junk in a spectacular fashion.①Most space waste comes f?om dead satellites and rockets. Functioning satellites are the backbone of the information systems that keep our world running smoothly. But all the satellites eventually become obsolete within just a few decades. When they die out, there5s the problem of them drifting in outer space, collecting in what scientists call the "graveyard orbit.,, Maybe you're thinking, “Why should I care about garbage 12,500 miles above me?" Well, all that fun stuff that satellites help beam down to us—mobile games, Instagram, cat videos一could be shut down by space waste. Lots of old junk floating around up there, plus new satellites added each year, means more and more high-speed collisions (碰撞). And when chunks of junk crash into one another, they break apart into millions of pieces, quickly building up speed and turning into fast-moving objects, which are dangerous to operational satellites as well as astronauts working on the International Space Station.②Space waste is a problem that's escalated so much, some scientists say that by 2050 we'll be forced to stop launching new spacecraft altogether, including new satellites. Think about that for a minute. When the last satellites finally become disused, GPS, cell phones, and the Internet will no longer function.③So we have to find a way to deal with this space garbage，and Daan pictures a sort of trash pickup, which involves grouDS of small SDacecraft casting large nets into orbit that would collect space debris (碎片)and send it back toward Earth at top speed. Here's the best part—while reentering Earth's atmosphere, the pieces of junk would burn up all at once, creating a light show similar to hundreds of shooting stars falling in the night sky. A spectacle indeed!To get ready for such an amazing effort, Space Waste Lab has been traveling to major cities across Europe and enlightening the public on the problem of the junk in space.④But Daan doesn't just talk about ways to relieve the problem—he's created something a little grander than that. Tn October 2018, his team launched Space Waste Lab Performance, an outdoor art exhibition that shows the location of each piece of space trash using large lasers that make each debris look a bit like a star wandering slowly and silently over the sky, allowing viewers to wav e and say, “Hallo, space trash!"63.The word "obsolete" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to "A. accessibleB. profitableC. floatingD. outdated64.According to the passage, which sentence best replaces the question mark in the diagram?EffectsSharp pieces of metal canfly through space junk.A.Working satellites can be damaged and astronauts can be hurt.B.Satellites can help people track the weather and find new locations.C.There is more junk floating in space each year as new satellites are added.D.The Space Waste Lab Performance can show people where satellites are located.65.Which of the following best supports the idea that space waste should be dealt with very soon?A. Sentences ①B. Sentence ②C. Sentence ③D. Sentence ④66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Space Junk Harms Digital SystemsB. Artists' Proposal to Save SpaceC. A New Glimpse into Outer SpaceD. Test of Waste Collection NetsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than, you need.How Colleges Can Measure Up in Teaching "Critical Thinking"After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels asked the teaching staff to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education's most important goals: critical thinking skills. 67 Mr. Daniels needed to justify the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen dramatically in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. 68 However, they need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors could use standard grading scale to measure how well students did in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication and language literacy.69 The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or language literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global reputation for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are demanding advanced thinking skills from college graduates. 70TV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 -words. Use your own words as far as possible.New Research on Kids' Poor Math AchievementTf the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat, Mom or Dad may be partly to blame, according to the new research published in Psychological Science.A team of researchers found that children of math-anxious parents learned less math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxious themselves——but only when these parents provided frequent help on the child's math homework.Previous research from this group has established that when teachers are anxious about math, their students learn less mathduring the school year. The current study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents' and children's math anxiety. These findings suggest that adults' attitudes toward math can play an important role in children's math achievement.“We often don't think about how important parents5 own attitudes are in determining their children's academic achievement. But our work suggests that if a parent is walking around saying 6 Oh, 1 don't like math' or 'this stuff makes me nervous/ kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,explained Beilock, professor in psychology."Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts to children, and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve a problem in a novel way," added Levine, Beilock's colleague.438 first- and second-grade students and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were assessed in math achievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year. As a control, the team also assessed reading achievement, which they found was not related to parents5math anxiety. Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxiety around math and how often they helped their children with math homework.The researchers believe the linl< between parents' math anxiety and children's math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.后悔虚度光阴有意义吗？(point)73.科学家们已证明，“吸猫擔狗”是一种减轻压力的有效方式。

普陀区2018-2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly ____1____Joel Stein‘s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven‘t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in ____2____ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven‘t we all had a panic attack ____3____learning we‘re going to have a son, since that means we‘re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide ____4____ to be happy or sad about the results of football th rowing? Haven‘t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, ____5____ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn‘t fully enjoy were ___6___ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets ____7____ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.____8____this is only Stein‘s first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I ____9____ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is ____10____ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.【答案】1. as 2. the3. when4. whether5. driving6. those7. turned8. Though/Although/While9. have recommended10. that【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。