The Bilingual Brain翻译

第五部分补全短文Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think they’re too heavy，but the distorted body image may often have its roots in chilmlood．the results of a new study suggest．ReSearchers found that among more than 2，400 thin women they surveyed，nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy_1__ B Experiences in childhood，including having an ill parent，or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age，were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image．____．According to the study authors，1ed by Dr．Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society，Copenhagen，society’s “ideal”female body is moving toward an underweight physique·_2 D Research suggests that many normal—weight wome．~1 wish to weigh less．____To investigate body image among thin women，the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal__3__( F) The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits．。

单词brain的汉语是什么意思单词brain的汉语是什么意思英语brain是很简单的一个单词，不过还是有必要了解一下它的汉语意思的.。

快来看看店铺为你准备了英文单词brain表达的汉语意思，欢迎大家阅读!brain的汉语意思英 [bren] 美 [bren]第三人称单数：brains第三人称复数：brains现在分词：braining过去分词：brained过去式：brained基本解释名词脑; 智慧; 聪明的人; (群体中)最聪明的人及物动词打破…的脑袋; 打…的头部相关例句名词1. Some of the best brains in the province are here tonight.今晚我们省内的一些智囊人物云集在这里。

2. He's got brains.他有头脑。

3. That man has a fine brain.那人脑筋好。

4. Use your brains.动动脑筋。

5. He is the brains of the company.他是该公司的智囊。

brain的单语例句1. He believed by drawing in this'collective brain weight'there was a greater chance to reach desired levels of development and prosperity.2. The participants who squelched their terror and pressedthe " snake approach " button showed activation of a brain region called the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex.3. Previous research had established that a whiff of it affected women's mood, sexual and physiological arousal and brain activation.4. One surprise was the activation of the cerebellum - a section of the brain at the base of the head.5. This signature includes strong activation in a brain area called the anterior cingulate cortex.6. She began by studying the corpus callosum, the cable of nerves that channels all communication and cooperation between the brain's two hemispheres.7. It can take weeks to tell the extent of damage, and months of intense rehabilitation to try to spur the brain's capacity to recover.8. Zhang Ming was diagnosed with brain cancer in September 2006 and had three bouts of major surgery last year.9. Because extroverts have less internally generated brain activity, they search for more external stimuli to energize them.brain的词典解释1. 脑;大脑Your brain is the organ inside your head that controls your body's activities and enables you to think and to feel things such as heat and pain.e.g. Her father died of a brain tumour.她父亲死于脑瘤。

英语作文开头模板带翻译Title: The Importance of Learning a Second Language。

Opening:Learning a second language has become increasingly important in today's globalized world. With the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing interconnectedness of different cultures and economies, the ability to communicate in more than one language has become a valuable skill. In this article, we will explore the importance of learning a second language and the benefits it can bring to individuals and society as a whole.Learning a second language is not just about acquiring a new set of vocabulary and grammar rules; it is about gaining a deeper understanding of different cultures and perspectives. In a world where diversity is celebrated and global collaboration is essential, being able to communicate in more than one language can open up a world of opportunities. Whether it is for personal enrichment, career advancement, or simply to connect with people from different backgrounds, the benefits of learning a second language are undeniable.One of the most obvious benefits of learning a second language is the increased job opportunities it can bring. In today's competitive job market, employers often value candidates who are bilingual or multilingual. Being able to speak a second language can give individuals a competitive edge and open up doors to new career paths and opportunities. In addition, many multinational companies and organizations require employees who can communicate with clients and partners from different parts of the world, making bilingualism a highly sought-after skill.Furthermore, learning a second language can also have cognitive benefits. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, improved multitasking abilities, and a greater capacity for creative thinking. This is because learning a second language requires the brain to constantly switch between differentlinguistic systems, which can lead to improved cognitive flexibility and mental agility. In addition, being bilingual has been linked to a reduced risk of cognitive decline in old age, as the brain's ability to process and retain information is enhanced through the constant practice of using two languages.From a cultural perspective, learning a second language can foster greater understanding and empathy towards people from different backgrounds. Language is not just a means of communication; it is also a reflection of a society's values, traditions, and beliefs. By learning a second language, individuals can gain a deeper insight into the customs, history, and literature of another culture, which can lead to a greater appreciation and respect for diversity. In a world that is increasingly divided by language barriers, the ability to speak multiple languages can promote cross-cultural understanding and harmony.In addition to the personal and professional benefits, learning a second language can also have a positive impact on society as a whole. Multilingualism has been shown to promote social cohesion and reduce prejudice and discrimination. When individuals are able to communicate in multiple languages, it creates a more inclusive and welcoming environment for people from different linguistic backgrounds. This can lead to greater social integration and a stronger sense of community, as people are able to connect and collaborate across linguistic and cultural boundaries.In conclusion, the importance of learning a second language cannot be overstated. From increased job opportunities and cognitive benefits to a greater understanding of different cultures and enhanced social cohesion, the advantages of bilingualism are numerous. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to communicate in more than one language is not just a valuable skill, but a necessity. Therefore, individuals and society as a whole stand to benefit greatly from the pursuit of language learning. Whether it is through formal education, immersion programs, or self-study, investing in learning a second language is a worthwhile endeavor that can enrich and expand one's personal and professional horizons.。

年轻人是否应该寻找学习搭子英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Should Kids Learn Another Language?Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. My teacher asked us to write about whether kids our age should learn another language besides the one we already speak at home. I think it's a really interesting question to think about!In my opinion, I believe it's a great idea for kids to start learning a second language when they are young. There are lots of good reasons why. Let me tell you about some of the biggest benefits:First of all, it's much easier for kids to pick up a new language compared to adults. Our brains are like sponges at this age, able to soak up and remember new words, pronunciations, and grammar rules way faster than grown-ups can. The older you get, the harder it becomes. So we have an advantage while we're still young that we should take advantage of!Secondly, knowing another language can open up lots of doors and opportunities later in life. In our world today, being bilingual is a very valuable skill to have. It can help you get better jobs, make new friends from other cultures, travel to different countries, and understand different perspectives. It's like having a special superpower!For example, my aunt speaks Spanish in addition to English. Thanks to her language skills, she was able to spend a year teaching English in Spain after college. She made lots of Spanish friends, saw amazing places, and had adventures she never would have experienced if she couldn't speak the local language. How cool is that?Another big reason to learn a second language is that it's actually good for your brain! Studies show that bilingual people tend to be better at multitasking, focusing, problem-solving, and thinking creatively compared to monolingual people. Juggling and switching between two languages gives your brain an awesome mental workout.My older cousin is learning Mandarin Chinese and she told me it has helped her get better grades because it made her mind sharper. Knowing multiple languages also helps prevent issueslike dementia when you're older because it builds up your brain's abilities. Who doesn't want a healthier, smarter brain?We play games, sing songs, use apps and websites, and even act out skits and conversations. My friend takes weekly group classes where they cook dishes from different countries while practicing the language. Anything that gets you using and experiencing the language in real-life situations is perfect for implanting it in your mind.Another option is joining a dual-language immersion program at school where you learn half the subjects in the new language, half in English. That way, you're constantly switching between the two languages and really exercising those bilingual brain muscles.The earlier kids start getting exposed this way, the easier it becomes. We literally rewire our minds when young to operate in multiple languages just as naturally as moving between video game levels. It's pretty amazing when you think about it!I can't imagine NOT taking the chance to become bilingual or even multilingual while I have this once-in-a-lifetime window. Just think, if I start learning a language now, by high school or college I could be fully fluent and have a huge leg up in life compared to if I waited until later.There's actually a Mandarin proverb that says: "To learn a language is to have one more window from which to view the world." Why would we kids want to limit ourselves to just one tiny window into this huge, amazing world around us? We're like explorers – the more languages we can learn, the more worlds we can travel, the more perspectives we can experience!So those are my thoughts. If you ask me, kids today are so lucky to have the opportunity and resources to easily pick up a second or third language while we're still young sponge-brains. We have to take advantage of this skill that will last forever and keep paying dividends throughout our whole lives. Why not give ourselves that gift?At the very least, we should all be trying our best and giving it a solid effort. Who knows, you might surprise yourself and realize you're a natural linguist! Maybe in a few years, I'll be that multilingual kid effortlessly switching between English, Spanish, and Mandarin. How powerful would that be? Pretty powerful if you ask me!篇2Should Young People Learn English? A Kid's TakeHey there! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. I love playing video games, reading comic books, and hanging out with my friends. One thing my friends and I have been talking about lately is whether we should try to learn English or not.Some of my buddies think English is really important and we need to study it hard. Others think it's a waste of time since we already speak our native language. I've been thinking about it a lot and here's what I reckon:English is basically the global language these days. Like, everyone uses it to communicate across different countries and cultures. If you can speak English, you can talk to people from all over the world! How cool is that?My parents always say that knowing English will open up more opportunities for me when I'm older. They tell me I'll have a much easier time getting a good job or going to a top university if my English skills are strong. I'm not sure I really care about that stuff yet, but I know my parents want what's best for me.Then there's all the awesome movies, TV shows, video games, books, and music that's in English. Some of my favorite things like Harry Potter, Avengers movies, and Minecraft are English originally. If I learn English well, I can fully experience and understand that awesome content. Instead of having to rely ontranslations or subtitles, I can get it straight from the original source. Wouldn't that be incredible?My English teacher is always going on about how English helps you communicate better and express yourself more clearly too. He says it's a really logical and precise language. I'm not fully convinced by that yet since I think I communicate just fine in my native tongue. But who knows, maybe learning English will level up my self-expression skills!However, I do think it's getting easier and more fun to learn English these days. There are so many cool resources like cartoons, games, music videos and more that make it way more engaging. As long as I put in the effort, maybe learning English doesn't have to be totally soul-crushing?At the end of the day, I figure becoming bilingual and learning English has way more pros than cons. Sure, it'll be challenging at times. But imagine being able to connect with people across the globe, experience amazingmovies/games/media, and open up more opportunities for myself later on? That seems totally worth it to me.My friends and I are just kids so it's hard to fully appreciate the importance of English skills right now. We're mostly just focused on games, sports, and goofing around as usual. But I dorealize that buckling down and learning this world language will be super valuable. Who knows, maybe I'll grow up to be an English teacher myself one day? Or a world traveler who speaks multiple tongues? The possibilities are endless.So that's my take - becoming bilingual in English is 100% a worthwhile goal for young people like me. It connects us to the wider world, allows us to experience amazing content, and opens doors for our future lives and careers. Sure, it won't be easy. But taking on that challenge by studying hard and immersing myself in English will definitely pay off in the long run. Full steam ahead, ye篇3Should Young People Try to Learn English?English is like this super hard thing that everybody thinks is really important. All the grown-ups are always talking about how we have to learn it. My teachers are constantly going on and on about how English is the language of the world and that it will help us get better jobs when we're older. They make it sound like if we don't learn English, we'll end up flipping burgers for the rest of our lives!I kind of get why they push English so much. After all, it is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Lots of countries use it as an official language or at least teach it in schools. Knowing English can definitely open up more opportunities when it comes to jobs, travel, and connecting with people from different cultures.But is it really that big of a deal if we don't become fluent English speakers? I mean, we live in our own country where our native language is spoken everywhere. As long as we stay here, do we really need to stress about learning another language? I'm sure I could find a decent job without English, even if it's not some super fancy career.Then again, the world is getting more and more connected these days with the internet and all the new technology. Maybe English really will be important no matter where I end up living and working. Businesses operate globally now, so knowing English could allow me to work for an international company or communicate with colleagues from other countries. If I want to travel the world someday, English will probably come in really handy too.I have some friends who have started taking extra English classes on the weekends. They say it's tough, but that learningEnglish is opening their minds to different cultures and new ways of seeing the world. Maybe they're right and studying English at a young age could make me a more open-minded and globally aware person. That could be really valuable, especially if I want to work in an international field someday.On the other hand, learning a new language – especially one as crazy as English with all its weird rules and inconsistencies – is just really hard! The grammar makes no sense sometimes, there are all these irregular verb forms to memorize, and don't even get me started on pronunciation and spelling. Why can't the English speakers make up their minds on stuff like that? My parents didn't learn English until they were adults and they seem to be doing just fine without it. Do I really want to spend hours suffering over confusing English lessons as a kid?But maybe that's just the lame excuse I'm making because I'm lazy and find English difficult. The truth is, English can be fun too sometimes. I really like reading stories and watching movies in English. Sure, I have to work harder to understand everything, but that makes me feel accomplished when I can follow along. Some of the idioms and expressions in English are really hilarious too once you get the deeper meanings behind them. I have toadmit it's kind of a self-satisfying feeling when I can understand the English jokes that leave my parents scratching their heads.So should kids my age try to become fluent English speakers or not? I guess it depends on our individual goals and interests. If we want to be open to opportunities abroad or work for international companies someday, learning English is probably a smart move that will give us an advantage over people who only know one language. But if we're just looking for a simple life where we can get by knowing only our native language, then stressing over learning perfect English might not be worth the effort. Just getting the basics could be good enough.Personally, I think learning English is probably the way to go, even if it's just the basics at first. The world is rapidly globalizing, so having English skills will likely become even more important by the time I'm an adult looking for jobs. Who knows, I might discover I really enjoy learning languages once I get the hang of English! It could open up lots of cool opportunities for me in the future.But man, I really hope the adults can come up with more fun and engaging ways for kids to learn English. Sitting through boring textbook lessons and dry grammar drills is not going to cut it for me. Maybe we could learn English through video games,movies, music, and other entertainment. That could make studying the language seem more like a hobby and less like grueling homework. Anything to make this language-learning journey easier for us students!So in the end, I'd say young people today should absolutely try to learn at least some English while we're still kids. It will set us up with an incredibly useful skill for the future job market and allow us to connect with so many other cultures around the world. We just have to find ways to make the learning process more fun and engaging for kids my age. Because seriously, those grammar worksheets are just way too much of a drag. Let's learn English through cooler stuff like video games and movies instead - that's my vote!篇4Title: Should We Learn English at a Young Age?Hi there, friends! Today, I want to talk to you about an important topic – learning English at a young age. It's a big discussion among kids, parents, and teachers nowadays. Some say we should start learning English as early as possible, while others think it's not that necessary. As a kid, I have my own thoughts on this, and I'm excited to share them with you!First of all, let me tell you why learning English at a young age is so important. English is not just another language – it's a global language spoken by people from all over the world. It's the language of science, technology, business, and entertainment. If you know English, you can travel to many countries and communicate with people from different cultures. You can read books, watch movies, and play games in English, which opens up a whole new world of knowledge and fun!But that's not all! Learning a new language at a young age is said to be easier than learning it when you're older. Our brains are like sponges when we're kids, and we can soak up new information much faster. We don't have to worry about accents or grammar rules as much as adults do. We can just listen, repeat, and learn naturally, like how we learned our first language.Imagine being able to speak English fluently from a young age. You won't have to struggle with pronunciation or feel shy about making mistakes. You'll be able to express yourself confidently and make friends from all around the world. How cool is that?Think about all the opportunities that knowing English can bring you. You'll have an advantage when applying for jobs or studying at universities in the future. You'll be able to travel andexplore new places without worrying about language barriers. And who knows, maybe you'll even become a famous writer, actor, or scientist one day, sharing your ideas and stories with people all over the world in English!So, what do you think? Should we start learning English at a young age or not? Personally, I believe that the benefits of learning English early on outweigh any challenges. It's a skill that will open up so many opportunities for us in the future, and it's never too early to start.Imagine being able to watch your favorite movies without subtitles, read books without having to translate every word, or chat with friends from different countries without any language barriers. Doesn't that sound amazing?So, let's embrace the opportunity to learn English at a young age. Let's challenge ourselves, have fun with it, and see learning as an adventure. Who knows, maybe one day, we'll be the ones teaching English to others and sharing our love for this amazing language with the world!What do you think, friends? Are you excited to start learning English or continue your English learning journey? Let me know your thoughts and experiences in the comments below.Together, we can explore the wonderful world of languages and unlock endless possibilities for our future!篇5Should Young Kids Find a Study Buddy to Learn English?Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm a 4th grader. I love learning new things, especially English! English is a super important language that lets me talk to people from all around the world. But sometimes, English can be really hard and confusing to learn all by myself. That's why I think having a study buddy is a great idea for kids like me who are trying to get better at English.What exactly is a study buddy? It's basically a friend that you study and practice with. You can help each other out when you get stuck, make learning fun by turning it into games and activities, and just have someone there to keep you company and motivated. My best friend Timmy and I are study buddies, and I'll tell you all about how it works for us!First off, Timmy and I get together after school a couple times a week to do our English homework together. We take turns reading passages out loud, which helps with pronunciation. When one of us gets a word or grammar rule wrong, the otherone gently corrects them. We make flashcards for new vocabulary words and quiz each other. Hands down, studying with Timmy makes getting through those boring worksheets way more bearable!But studying together is about more than just homework - we also find fun ways to practice our skills. Sometimes we'll look up English tongue-twisters online and see who can say them the fastest without messing up. Other times, we'll play games like having one person describe an object without saying what it is, and the other person has to guess based on the description. My favorite is when we put on a play by acting out a short story or scene from a book we're reading in class. We use different voices and gestures to make it dramatic and hilarious!Having Timmy as my study buddy keeps me motivated too. When I'm feeling discouraged because English is too hard, Timmy reminds me how far I've already come and that it's okay to make mistakes while learning. He pushes me to keep trying my best. And when he's the one struggling, I return the favor by cheering him on. It's like we're a team working towards the same goal!There are tons of other benefits too. Studying together helps the time go by faster instead of just sitting alone staring at abook for hours. We can ask each other questions when we're confused about something. And we keep each other accountable - if I don't do my English homework, Timmy will for sure call me out on it at our next study session!Another challenge is actually finding time for you and your buddy to get together regularly. Between school, homework, extracurriculars, and our families' schedules, it can be a struggle. But Timmy and I are committed to our study time - that's how important it is to us!All in all, I 100% recommend finding a good study buddy if you want to boost your English skills. You'll learn way more, have a lot more fun, and stay on track better than just trying to go at it alone. Just make sure you pick someone you get along with and can really buckle down with.So there you have it - that's my take as a kid on why study buddies are awesome for learning English! I've got to run for now, but let me know if you have any other questions. Thanks for reading, and happy studying!篇6Should Young People Look for Chances to Learn English?Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to talk to you about a super important topic - whether kids and teenagers like me should try to learn English.In my opinion, the answer is YES! English is like the coolest, most useful language ever. By learning it, a whole new world opens up to you. Let me explain why I think every young person should jump at any chance to study English.First off, English is basically the language of the internet and technology these days. All the best videos, games, apps and websites are in English. If you know English, you can understand tutorials, watch fun shows, play multiplayer games with kids from other countries, and so much more. Without English, you're really limited in what you can do online.Secondly, English is really important for travel and making new friends. These days, people from all over the world speak at least a little English. So if you go on vacation or have visitors from abroad, knowing English helps you communicate and meet new people. You can ask for directions, order food, tell jokes, and make friends so easily if you know English. It's like a common language that connects the whole world.But knowing English isn't just fun and games. It also opens up awesome opportunities for your future career and studies.Lots of the best universities teach their classes in English. And many of the top jobs require good English skills to communicate with people from other countries. By starting to learn English now, you'll give yourself a huge advantage for getting into a great university or finding a cool job later on.Some people might say "English is too hard to learn" or "I don't have time to study another language." But those are just excuses! The truth is, English is one of the easier languages for people to pick up, especially when you start young like us kids. And you don't need hours and hours of studying every day. Just playing English video games, watching movies and shows, listening to music, or reading books can help your English skills grow bit by bit. It's fun, not work!The way I see it, English is kind of like a superpower. By learning it, you get to access awesome entertainment, make friends globally, and prepare yourself for future success. Why would you not want those amazing benefits?! That's why I think every young person needs to get excited about English and look for as many opportunities as possible to practice it.So there you have it - my thoughts on why learning English is an absolute must for all you kids and teens out there. If your school offers English classes, sign up! If there are English campsor activities in your area, beg your parents to let you join. Any chance you get to hear, speak, read or write English, take it! The more you work on your English skills now, the more you'll be able to enjoy technology, make friends around the world, get into a good university, and land your dream job down the road.English has given me so many awesome experiences already at my young age, like watching my favorite YouTubers, playing online games with friends from other countries, and helping my family order food when we're traveling. I honestly can't imagine my life without English! It's brought me so much joy and opportunity. That's why I'm super grateful my parents encouraged me to start learning English as soon as I could, and why I'll never stop trying to improve my skills.So what are you waiting for? The world of English is waiting for you! Start getting excited about learning it today and you'll be on your way to amazing opportunities. Being multilingual is simply the best, so let's all become English rock stars together! Thanks for reading, and happy language learning!。

美联英语提供：英语阅读：双语能力对大脑的益处惊人！两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/kuaisu.aspx?tid=16-73675-0双语能力对大脑的益处惊人！ni hui shuo zhong wen ma? If you answer ed “si”,”oui” or ”hui” and you are watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world bilingual and multilingual majority. And besides having an easier time traveling, or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends. So what does it really mean to know a language?你会说中文吗？如果你能回答“si”、“oui”或者“是的”，而且能看懂这个英文短片，那么你就跟世界上很多人一样、具备双语能力或是多语能力。

除了旅游时沟通比较方便、看电影不需要字幕这些好处之外，通晓两种或者三种以上的语言，意味着你的大脑在结构上或运作上与你那些单一语言的朋友有着明显的不同。

所以到底什么才能算通晓一门语言呢？Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading. While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in vary proportions. And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be classified into three general types.衡量语言能力，主要包含两个主动部分——说和写，和两个被动部分——听和读。

the benefits of a bilingualbrain概括双语大脑的好处众所周知，掌握两种或多种语言的人被称为双语者。

事实上，研究表明双语大脑具有许多好处。

下面，我们将探讨一些双语大脑的益处。

双语大脑具有更高的认知灵活性。

双语者需要不断切换和掌握两种语言，这对他们的大脑提供了训练。

这种频繁的切换锻炼了他们的认知灵活性和注意力调控能力，使他们在不同任务间的切换更加高效。

同时，研究还发现，双语者相对于单语者更善于处理冲突和抑制干扰，这使得他们在解决问题和做出决策时更为灵活和准确。

双语大脑对脑健康有益。

研究表明，双语使用者在晚年患上认知障碍疾病的风险较单语使用者要低得多。

双语大脑的锻炼和刺激可以延缓认知衰退的过程，保护大脑健康。

实际上，双语者的大脑结构与功能有所不同，这使得他们更加抗衰老。

双语大脑提高了个人的跨文化交流能力。

掌握多种语言使双语者能够更深入地理解和交流不同文化背景的人。

他们可以更好地适应和融入多元化的环境，在不同文化之间建立起桥梁。

这对于工作和人际关系来说是一项宝贵的技能，也能带来更广阔的发展机遇。

双语大脑还有助于提高学习能力。

研究表明，双语者在学习新语言或其他学科时往往更加敏捷和有优势。

由于他们已经熟悉了语言学习的过程，他们可以更快地适应新的学习挑战。

此外，双语者在注意力、记忆和解决问题方面也表现出更好的能力，这对于学术成就有着积极的影响。

双语大脑的好处是多方面的。

除了提高认知灵活性、保护脑健康和提高跨文化交流能力外，双语大脑还带来了学习优势。

因此，学习和掌握多种语言不仅仅是为了交流的需要，同时也对我们的个人发展和脑力训练具有重要意义。

2014年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案词汇选项：ck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A. receivesB. deservesC. preventsD. accepts2.His knowledge of French is fair.A. quite goodB. very usefulC. very limitedD. rather special3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A. returnB. increaseC. realizeD. double4.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A. commentsB. signsC. mannersD. noises5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A. fineB. winterC. outdoorD. extra6.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. disappointmentB. excitementC. angerD. calm7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A. damageB. voiceC. argumentD. doubt8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. partsB. painsC. aspectsD. results9.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A. seriousB. deepC. mainD. particular10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. considerC. imagineD. discover11.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A. keeping out ofB. getting intoC. asking forD. suffering from12.I’m sure I’ll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A. treatB. holdC. entertainD. keep13.Several windows had been smashed.A. brokenB. cleanedC. replacedD. fixed14.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A. partyB. celebrationC. unionD. conference15.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A. jumpB. hopeC. silenceD. life阅读判断：Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’ offices last year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians surveyed by the American of Orthopedic (整形外科的) Surgeons listed backpacks as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps （有垫的背带）and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the backand shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your back? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker (储物柜) to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground, but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16. About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. 70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Children should put all the books in their locker.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. A 10-15 minutes’ exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned概括大意与完成句子：Eye problems1. Our eyes are under a great deal of stain these days as computer work. Television viewing ,night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands Sunlight. Especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts(白内障)2. The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) tayer means more short-wave ultraviolel(UV) rays(紫外线)are reaching the earth. And these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜)causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts .The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV tense. However our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.3. “poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably m ore common and there has been a big merease in minof eye complaints in the over-40s” says Dr. MirelleBonnet. Who took part in recent research. She says that six muscles controlling each eye move more than 100.000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest4. It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors ,but new research is challenging this assumption5. Recent student suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United Staes and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close. Two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10 say the researcher most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10 say the researchers.6. Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye mus’ operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场)that make it work hard it is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision,which result from staring at a screen23 paragragh 2___B___24 paragragh 3___A__25 paragragh 5___D___26 paragragh 6___E___ A,the development of poor night vision B,the grealest threat to the eyesC,the function of sunglassesD,the reason for children’s nearsightedness E,the effects of computer on the eyesF,the ways to reduce eye complaints27 Sunligh in the summer is believed to be one cause of ___B___28 We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect___D___29 we used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from___A___30 Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to___E___A.our parentB.clouded visionC.eye musclesD.our eyesputer useF.eye move阅读理解：第一篇：The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children..The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain.A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.31 Kart kim’s study showed thatA people learn English and Korean in different waysB Children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second languageC it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluentlyD people’s brain will not change when they are learn second language32 How did Kim and Hirsch study the brain of two groups of blingual peopleA They interview them in English and KoreanB they ask them to say the same languageC They used an MRI scanner to observe their brainD They ask them to talk about what had they done before33 Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does paragragh 3 discuss?A impactB functionC locationD size34 Kim and Hirsch find that childrenA Use the same region in Broca’s area to learn their first and second language.B Learn a second language slowei than aults.C are better at acquiring the brain to program the structures of their first languageD use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language35 It can be inferred from the last paragraghA Students do better in high school than in collegeB Bilingual children will learn better in collegeC mothers are good language teachersD it take more time for adults to learn a second language第二篇：Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents orpersonal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one partof the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.38. Gardner believes thatA. children have different intelligencesB. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.39. According to Gardner, schools shouldA. promote development of all intelligences.B. test students’ IQs.C. train students who do poorly on tests.D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.40. Gardner thinks that his theory has aA. musical foundation.B. intrapersonal foundation.C. linguistic foundation.D. biological foundation.第三篇：Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a. sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the 'middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drugAmbien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.3 He says the agency believes the risk of. such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.41. The FDA announced thatA. thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday.B. only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders.C. some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects.D. some makes of sleeping pills provides false information to their patients.42. The FDA warned that some sleeping pillsA. can help people to learn to cookB. prevent people from driving while asleepC. present life-threatening risk to patientsD. have severe effect on a patient’s long-term memory43. What happened to Painck Kennedy last year?A. He crashed his car into a security barnerB. He was killed furing a car accidentC. His car broke down on the way homeD. He was treated for stomachache44. After taking the drug Ambien, some peopleA. are unable to dirveB. don’t know how to cookC. suffer from eating problemsD. fall asleep while walking45. The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced itA. the FDA takes more strict regulationsB. drug companies listen to patients’ adviceC. the New York Times releases more reportsD. people don’t drink alcohol while taking these pills补全短文：Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically, mentally, emononally, and spirtualy. In fact every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive. Healing way, so how can we get more laughter into our lives?__46__.Psychologist and author. Steve Wilson ,has some answers.Many people believe that we are born with a sense humor. They think” either you’ve got it or you don’t Dr. Wilson points out that this is fals e__47__”The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth __48__.(After all when a baby laughs we don’t rush over and say that kid has a great sense of humor) A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a latetime.Sometimes people think that they don’t have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers. Dr. Wilson remark us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor __49__.Then we will make others laugh, too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and to see the funny side of everyday life. One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation . Consider this sign from a store winoow. Any tautly merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of a equal quality. The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store’s excellent service __50__.As Dr. Wilson says “good sense of humor means that you don’t’ have to be funny, you just to see what’s funny”A.What is true, however, is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileB.However that does not mean that infants have a sense of humorC.He advises us to lose our inhibitiors and try to laugh at ourselvesD.Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?E.Everyone experience this emotionF.He had a serious purpose but if you have a sense of humor ,you will probablyfind the sign funny参考答案：46-50：DABCF完形填空：BedwettingMillions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don’t __51__ their friends, so it's easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. But you are not __52__.The fancy __53__ for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are __54__, there's a good __55__ that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. Just like you may have __56__ your mom's blue eyes or your uncle's long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.The most important thing to remember is that no one __57__ the bed on purpose. It doesn’t mean that you're __58__ or a slob, It's something you can't help __59__. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and don't __60__ up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic __61__ that he's in the bathroom peeing -- only to wake up later and discover he's all wet. Many kids who wet the bed are very __62__sleepers. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log - they just stay asleep.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are __63__ on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend's or a realitive’s house. That's because kids who are anxious __64__ wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly. So the brain may be thinking, "Hey, you! Don't wet someone else’s bed!”This can help you __65__ dry even if you're not aware of it.51.A. speak B. report C. tell D. ask52.A. lonely B. yourself C. one D. alone53.A. symbol B. sign C. name D. mark54.A. asleep B. unknown C. unaware D. sleepy55.A. function B. chance C. risk D. ability56.A. inherited B. made C. seen D. bought57.A. climbs B. wets C. cares D. fixes58.A. lazy B. untidy C. unclear D. stupid59.A. thinking B. doing C. working D. looking60.A. wake B. live C. set D. rise61.A. memory B. thought C. idea D. dream62.A. deep B. slow C. light D. clever63.A. bad B. sad C. poor D. dry64.A. about B. for C. over D. with65.A. end B. stay C. last D. begin更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2014年英语专八真题阅读理解答案(网友回忆版)11. A have12. C to offer13. B to provide14. D decide15. A cultuer16. B perfered17. D similar18. D easy19. B unapproachalbe20. D sociable21. B say22. B sociabel23. A young24. D 25C26. D role27. C effects28. B offer29. D exercise30. A features第一篇：The Bottom Line on HappinessBy Clayton M ChristensenMy class at Harvard Business School helps students understand what good management theory is and how it is built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how the company got into its situation and to examine what action will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turn those theoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to those three questions: First, How can I be sure I’ll be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my spouse and my family will bec ome an enduring source of happiness? Third, How can I be sure I’ll stay out of jail? Though the last question sounds lighthearted,it’s not. Two of the 32 people in my Rhodes scholar class spent time in prison. Jeff Skillin of Enron fame was my classmate at Harvard Business School.I graduated HBS in 1979, and over the years, I’ve seen more and more of my classmates come to reunions unhappy, divorced, and alienated from their children. I can guarantee you that not a single one of them graduated with the deliberate strategy of getting divorced and raising children who would become estranged from them. And yet a shocking number unwittingly implemented that strategy. The reason? They didn’t keep the purpose of their lives front and center.Having a clear purpose has been essential to me. But it was something I had to thing long and hard about before I understood it. When I was a Rhode Scholar, I was in a very demand academic program, trying to cram an extra year’s worth of work into my time at Oxford. I decided to spend an hour every night reading, thinking and praying about why God put me on this earth. It was a very challenging commitment bec ause every hour I spent doing that, I wasn’t studying applied econometrics. I was conflicted about whether I could really afford to take time away from my studies, but I stuck with it and ultimately figured out the purpose of my life.My purpose grew out of my religious faith, but faith isn’t the only thing that gives people direction. For example, one of my former students decided that his purpose was bring honestly and economic prosperity to his country and to raisechildren who were as capably committed to his cause, and to each other, as he 第二篇：2. Why Bilinguals Are SmarterSPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers wereasked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins ? one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle.In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging bec ause it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function ? a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind ? like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in othercontexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often ? you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,”says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.”In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life).In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of trials, the infants were presented with an audio cue and then shown a puppet on one side ofa screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not.Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism ? measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language ? were more resistant than others to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of onset.was. His purpose is focused on family and others, as is mine.第三篇：内向者的力量Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles.We're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable.We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts——which means that we've lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts——in the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you'er not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts.Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corproate America.Some fool even themselves, until some life event——a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like——jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaitances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themsevles. We live with a value systemthat I call the Extrovert Ideal—— the omnipresentbelief tht the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypalextrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups.We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual—— the kind who's comfortable "putting himself out there." Sure,we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those wo get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.Introversion——along with its cousions sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness——is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology.Introverts living under the Extrovert Idal are like women in a a man's world,discounted because of a trait that goes to the coreof who they are. Extorversion is an enormouslyappealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.The Extrovert Idal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name.Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarteer, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocityof speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvet is stigmatized——one informal study,by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Idal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions——from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer——came from quiet and cerebralpeople who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds a第四篇：毛姆短篇小说《雨》刚开始的选段By W. Somerset MaughamIt was nearly bed-time and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit his pipe and, leaning over the rail, searched the heavens for the Southern Cross. After two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer to heal than it should, he was glad to settle down quietly at Apia for twelve months at least, and he felt already better for the journey. Since some of the passengers were leaving the ship next day at Pago-Pago they had had a little dance that evening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last. A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with the Davidsons, and he strolled over to her. When he sat down under the light and took off his hat you saw that he had very red hair, with a bald patch on the crown, and the red, freckled skin which accompanies red hair; he was a man of forty, thin, with a pinched face, precise and rather pedantic; and he spoke with a Scots accent in a very low, quiet voice.Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard, which is due to propinquity rather than to any community of taste. Their chief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their days and nights in the smoking-room playing poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged the compliment. It was only because he was of an argumentative mind that in their cabin at night he permitted himself to carp."Mrs. Davidson was saying she didn't know how they'd have got through the journey if it hadn't been for us," said Mrs. Macphail, as she neatly brushed out her transformation. "She said we were really the only people on the ship they cared to know.""I shouldn't have thought a missionary was such a big bug that he could afford to put on frills.""It's not frills. I quite understand what she means. It wouldn't have been very nice for the Davidsons to have to mix with all that rough lot in the smoking-room.""The founder of their religion wasn't so exclusive," said Dr. Macphail with a chuckle."I've asked you over and over again not to joke about religion," answered his wife. "I shouldn't like to have a nature like yours, Alec. You never look for the best in people."He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years of married life he had learned that it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the last word. He was undressed before she was, and climbing into the upper bunk he settled down to read himself to sleep.When he came on deck next morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silver beach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with luxuriant vegetation. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the water's edge, and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoaris; and here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in black, and wore round her neck a gold chain, from which dangled a small cross. She was a little woman, with brown, dull hair very elaborately arranged, and she had prominent blue eyes behind invisible pince-nez. Her face was long, like a sheep's, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather of extreme alertness; she had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, and without inflection; it fell on the ear with a hard monotony, irritating to the nerves like the pitiless clamour of the pneumatic drill."This must seem like home to you," said Dr. Macphail, with his thin, difficult smile."Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. We've got another ten days' journey to reach them.""In these parts that's almost like being in the next street at home," said Dr. Macphail facetiously."Well, that's rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one does look at distances differently in the J South Seas. So far you're right."Dr. Macphail sighed faintly."I'm glad we're not stationed here," she went on. "They say this is a terribly difficult place to work in. The steamers' touching makes the people unsettled; and then there's the naval station; that's bad for the natives. In our district we don't have difficulties like that to contend with. There are one or two traders, of course, but we take care to make them behave, and if they don't we make the place so hot for them they're glad to go."Fixing the glasses on her nose she looked at the green island with a ruthless stare."It's almost a hopeless task for the missionaries here. I can never be sufficiently thankful to God that we are at least spared that."Davidson's district consisted of a group of islands to the North of Samoa; they were widely separated and he had frequently to go long distances by canoe. At these times his wife remained at their headquarters and managed the mission. Dr. Macphail felt his heart sink when he considered the efficiency with which she certainly managed it. She spoke of the depravity of the natives in a voice which nothing could hush, but with a vehemently unctuous horror. Her sense of delicacy was singular. Early in their acquaintance she had said to him:"You know, their marriage customs when we first settled in the islands were so shocking that I couldn't possibly describe them to you. But I'll tell Mrs. Macphail and she'll tell you."Then he had seen his wife and Mrs. Davidson, their deck-chairs close together, in earnest conversation for about two hours. As he walked past them backwards and forwards for the sake of exercise, he had heard Mrs. Davidson's agitated whisper, like the distant flow of a mountain torrent, and he saw by his wife's open mouth and pale face that she was enjoying an alarming experience. At night in their cabin she repeated to him with bated breath all she had heard.nd the treasures to be found there.11. A have12. C to offer13. B to provide14. D decide15. A cultuer16. B perfered17. D similar18. D easy19. B unapproachalbe20. D sociable21. B say22. B sociabel23. A young24. D 25C26. D role27. C effects28. B offer29. D exercise30. A features。

implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don‟t have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school —and as a result handicapped later in life?_4_ What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace?_ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory，such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers‟ names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can‟t.4The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can‟t forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also inte rfere with an individual‟s ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience?5 _5_ We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future.。