《英美文学》复习纲要

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一． 课程介绍：课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、语言、语言、文化发文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

戏剧、小说、散文等。

二． 《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：识记： 有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：领会： 在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献的文学贡献二．练习：二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.  A . Old----Renaissance A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C . Middle ---- Renaissance C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2).. 2).. The The The Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English English literature literature literature extends extends extends from from from 1066 1066 1066 up up up to to to the the ______ century.  A . mid-13th A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.  A . sonnet A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us us a comprehensive realistic a comprehensive realistic picture picture of of of the the the English English English society society society of of of his his his time time time and and and created created created a a a whole whole whole gallery gallery gallery of of of vivid vivid characters from all walks of life.  A. A. Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer B. B. William Shakespeare Shakespeare C. C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). 5). For For For the the the Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, ______ ______ ______ was was was regarded regarded regarded as as as the the the English English English Homer. Homer. His reputation reputation has has has been been been securely securely securely established established established as as as one one one of of of the the the best best best English English English poets poets poets for for for his his wisdom, humor and ______.  A . Geoffrey Chaucer----wits A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C . Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.  A . Old English, Greek, Latin A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin  C . Old English, Greek, French C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). 7). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer is is is the the the greatest greatest greatest writer writer writer of of of the the the Medieval Medieval Medieval period period period in in in English English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.  A . couplet A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). 8). Thematically Thematically Thematically the the the poem poem poem “Beowulf” “Beowulf” “Beowulf” presents presents presents a a a vivid vivid vivid picture picture picture of of of how how how the the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.  A. A. spiritual----hero B . B. natural----leader C. spiritual----god D. natural----monster 9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.  A . man A. man B. theory C. doctrine D. era 10). 10). Geoffrey Geoffrey Geoffrey Chaucer Chaucer Chaucer introduced introduced introduced from from from France France France the the the rhymed rhymed rhymed stanzas stanzas stanzas of of of various various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.  A . rhymed A. rhymed B. alliterative C. social D. visionary 2. Explain the following literal terms. 1). Romance 2). Heroic Couplet 3). Epic 3. Answer the following questions. 1). How many groups do the Old English poetry poetry divided into? What divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why? 2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature? Chapter1. The The Renaissance Period一．重点一．重点前言部分前言部分1． 文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2． 人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3． 文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：练习：Renaissance Period 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). 1). The The The Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, in in in essence, essence, essence, is is is a a a historical historical historical period period period in in in which which which the the the European European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval medieval Europe, Europe, Europe, to to to introduce introduce introduce new new new ideas ideas ideas that that that expressed expressed expressed the the the interests interests interests of of of the the the rising rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.  A . Greek and Roman A. Greek and Roman B. humanist C. religious D. loyal 2). 2). Generally, Generally, Generally, the the the ______ ______ ______ refers refers refers to to to the the the period period period between between between the the the 14th 14th 14th and and and mid-17th mid-17th centuries. centuries. It It It first first first started started started in in in Italy, Italy, with with the the the flowering flowering flowering of of of painting, painting, painting, sculpture sculpture sculpture and and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.  A. Medieval Period B . B. Renaissance C. Old English Period D . D. Romantic Period 3). ______ is is the the the essence essence of of the the the Renaissance. Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.  A. Humanity---- William Shakespeare B. Humanism-----Francis Bacon  C. Humanity---- Geoffrey Chaucer D. Humanism----William Shakespeare 4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The The most most most famous famous famous dramatists dramatists dramatists in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance England England England are are are Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe, Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.  A . novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer A. novel--- Geoffrey Chaucer B. poetry----Francis Bacon C . drama----Ben Jonson C. drama----Ben Jonson D. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer 5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique antique authors authors authors and and and is is is frequently frequently frequently taken taken taken as as as the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance on on on its its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.  A . Roman ---- moral A. Roman ---- moral B. French---- reason C. Roman---- man D. French---- God 6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.  A. Latin B. French C. Greek D. Anglo-Saxon 7). 7). Wyatt, Wyatt, Wyatt, in in in the the the Renaissance Renaissance Renaissance period, period, period, introduced introduced introduced the the the Petrarchan Petrarchan Petrarchan ______ ______ ______ into into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.  A. drama----free B . B. sonnet----blank C . C. terzarima----blank D. couplet----free 8). 8). In In In the the the early early early stage stage stage of of of the the the English English English Renaissance, Renaissance, Renaissance, poetry poetry poetry and and and ______ ______ ______ were were were the the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.  A. fiction B. dramatic fiction C. poetic drama D. novel 9). 9). By By By emphasizing emphasizing emphasizing the the the dignity dignity dignity of of of human human human beings beings beings and and and the the the importance importance importance of of of the the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.  A. humanists B. Protestants C. Catholics D. playwrights 10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science in England.  A . A. A. Edmund Edmund Edmund Spenser Spenser B. B. Christopher Christopher Christopher Marlowe Marlowe C. C. Francis Francis Francis Bacon Bacon D. Ben Jonson 2. Explain the following literal terms.  1). the Renaissance Period  2). blank verse  3). Humanism 3. Answer the following questions.  1). 1). Make Make Make a a a comment comment comment on on on the the the influence influence influence of of of Italian Italian Italian literary literary literary works works works upon upon upon the the literature in the Renaissance England.  2). Make a comment on humanism  3). 3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England? 文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

《英美文学》课程考试大纲
一、基本描述
课程名称：英美文学（English and American Literature）
学分: 3
学时：45+45 （课内实验(践)：上机：课外实践：）
适用专业：英语
开课单位：外国语学院外语系
课程负责人：汤红
教材与主要参考书目：《英美文学选读》张伯香外语教学与研究出版社1999年12月第2版
内容概述：《英美文学》课程的教学内容是根据本课程的性质、学习目的以及英语专业教学的特点确定的。

本课程主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮和流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。

（考核要求：A—重点考核；B—一般考核；C—了解）三、考核方式
试卷考核
四、大纲编写的依据与说明
根据专业培养目标及教学计划，综合该课程权威体系编写。

起草人：汤红审核人：章联日期：2016年11月9日。

英美文学（2）复习大纲1. Multiple Choices （30 points）基本的文学史实，包括不同时期文学的特点，主要作家的作品以及写作特点等。

2. Gap Filling (10 points)主要作家的代表作3. Definition of Terms (20 points)ImageryWords or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.American TranscendentalismAme rican Transcendentalism or “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” is more of a tendency, an attitude, than the philosophy of Transcendentalists. To “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits. The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as the follows:Firstly, the Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirits, or the Over soul, as the most import thing in the Universe.Secondly, they stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual was the most important element of society.Thirdly, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Transcendentalism is based on the belie f that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of senses.As a philosophical and literary movement, Transcendentalism flourished in New England from 1830s to the Civil War. Its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau.Free VerseFree Verse is a verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern. Although most free verse belongs to the 19th and 20th centuries, it can be found in earlier literature, particularly in the Psalms of the Bible.NaturalismAn extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writers usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment or heredity.ImagismIt is an influential literary movement that took place in Europe and America from about 1910 to 1920. The imagist poet creates a single sharp image that evokes an emotional response in the reader. Imagism was in a reaction to the “bad habits” of the 19th century poets who were too explicit in their commentary and too repetitious in their subjects, patterns, and meters.Local ColoristsA group of writers who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of specific regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, the other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. The major local colorists are Hamlin Garland, Mark Twain.Lost GenerationThis term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. When the First World War broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in “the war to end all wars” only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experience in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature, for example, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, etc. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression. They were later called by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, also expatriates, “The Lost Generation”.Hemingway HeroesThose protagonists in Hemingway’s fiction, who survive in the process if seeking to master the code known as “grace under pressure” with honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.American Puritanism1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religionAmerican Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. It has become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, rather than a set of tenets, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe. Without some understanding of Puritanism, there can be no real understanding of American culture and literature.The Jazz Agethe era that immediately followed World War I and lasted until the beginning of the Depression, during which jazz increased in popularity. It was a reaction to the austerity and hardship of the war and was characterized by extravagance and hedonism.4. Questions (22 points)Because I could not stop for DeathSong of MyselfThe Road Not TakenPactIn a Station of the Metro5. Topic Discussion(18 points)Summarize the story of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and comment on the theme of the novel。

英美文学选读复习资料英美文学选读复习资料英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧等。

这些作品代表了英美文化的精髓，对于理解这两个国家的历史、社会和文化有着重要的意义。

在学习英美文学时，我们需要掌握一些重要的作品和作家，以及他们的主要思想和风格。

首先，我们来看看英美文学的起源。

英国文学可以追溯到中世纪，最早的英国文学作品是史诗《贝奥武夫》。

这部作品讲述了一个英雄的故事，强调了勇气、荣誉和忠诚的重要性。

这种史诗的传统在英国文学中一直延续到今天，影响了许多作家，如莎士比亚和狄更斯。

莎士比亚是英国文学的巅峰之作。

他的戏剧作品包括悲剧、喜剧和历史剧，涵盖了各种主题和情感。

莎士比亚的作品具有深刻的人物描写和复杂的情节，他的语言也非常美丽和富有表现力。

莎士比亚的作品对于理解人性和社会问题有着重要的启示，被广泛地研究和演出。

在美国文学方面，最早的作品可以追溯到殖民地时期。

这些作品主要是宗教文学，反映了殖民地居民的信仰和价值观。

其中最著名的作品是《普利茅斯植民者的历史》，它记录了普利茅斯植民者在美洲建立殖民地的经历。

这些作品对于理解美国的宗教和政治历史有着重要的意义。

美国文学的巅峰时期是19世纪，这个时期出现了许多重要的作家和作品。

其中最著名的是马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。

这部小说以一个少年的视角描写了美国南方的奴隶制度和种族歧视，对于美国社会的问题提出了尖锐的批评。

这部小说被认为是美国文学的经典之作，对于后来的作家产生了重要的影响。

除了莎士比亚和吐温，还有许多其他重要的英美作家和作品。

例如，英国的狄更斯和奥斯汀，美国的海明威和福克纳。

这些作家的作品涉及了各种不同的主题和风格，从社会问题到个人成长，从浪漫主义到现实主义。

他们的作品代表了英美文学的多样性和丰富性。

在学习英美文学时，我们不仅需要了解这些作家和作品，还需要理解它们的背景和文化内涵。

英美文学反映了英国和美国的历史、社会和价值观，它们是这两个国家文化遗产的重要组成部分。

英美文学考试题型及复习提纲（2008级）一、考试题型：本次考试共有5个大题，总分为100分，考试方式为闭卷考试，考试时长为120分钟，具体分值分布如下：I．选择题，20个小题，每小题2分，共40分。

考试内容为文学综合知识。

II.连线题，10个小题，每小题1分，共10分。

考试内容为作家与作品。

III.名词解释。

1. Puritanism 2. Free Verse. 3. American Naturalism3个小题，每小题5分，共15分。

考试的内容为文学术语。

IV. 篇章阅读。

3个小题，每小题5分，共15分。

考试的内容：作品。

1. Song of Myself2. I heard a Fly buzz -- when I died --"3.The Road Not TakenV. 短文写作。

一个小题，满分20分，考试的目标是对所学的作品进行赏析与评论。

二、考试总目标: 考察学生英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力，分析作品的艺术特色的能力、正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，以及阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。

三、美国文学本学期授课基本内容（请结合授课讲义PPT，lecture 1-11）Part one: The early American literature1. American Puritanism（清教主义）⑴Puritans=Calvinists(加尔文主义)1. John Calvin, a theologian, Puritans believed most doctrines preached by him, so they were also called CalvinistsPuritans wanted to “purify the church” to its original state, because they thought the church was corrupted and had too many ritualsTo be a Puritan: taking religion as the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original sin(原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的), total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救)Life style of Puritans: pious（虔诚的）, austerity（简朴）of taste, diligence and thrift, rigid sense of morality, self-relianceThe Puritan dominating values were: hard work，thrift，piety ，sobriety。

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that peoplecould understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstandingforms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

英美文学考试复习点重点整理1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P2922.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现)4.三姐妹指的是？5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P3036.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P1169.乌托邦is written in form of ?P3310.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P5011.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？12.最著名作家：乔叟P1913.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P514.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年1.John MiltonHe was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.2.RomanceRomance was the most prevailing kind of literature of theupper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.3.the EnlightenmentIt is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, socialcustom, and religious belief.4.NeoclassicismThe neoclassical movement began in the mid-18th century and brought about a revival of interest in the old classical work. The neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be in judged in terms of its service to humanity./doc/0d16361832.html,ke poetsAlso called Lake School, it is a name applied to a group of poets in the 19th century, including Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. They had lived in the Lake District in the northwest of England and shared a community of literary and social outlook in their works.6.MetaphysicalAbout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a schoolof poets called “Metaphysical”, including Donne, Herbert, Marvell, Vaughan, and Crashaw. The work of the metaphysical poets are characterized their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression and by generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.7.Heroic coupletsA heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. The use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Chaucer in The legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.8.BalladsBallad was the most important department of English folk literature. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. They are anonymous narrative poems bearing the characteristics of folklore and designed for singing or oral recitation in various English and Scottish dialects. Ballad is mainly the literature of the common people and one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society through the ballads. The subjects of ballad are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal—minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle. Usually a ballad deals with a single episode and the beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction to the characters and background information.回答问题1.撒旦为什么选择伊甸园作为复仇之地2.写一个关于傲慢与偏见的小结（作者、人物角色、情节、后果）和主题评价Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen, first published in 1813.翻译题1.P103①Throw open all doors; let the re be light ; let every man think and bring his thoughts to the light;dread not any diversities of opinion.②Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity.③Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the marking.2.P193It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewedinterest in medieval literature.。

文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。

I. Fill in the blanks.1.The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were (Britons), a tribe of (celts)2.Who is Julius Caesar? (the Roman Conqueror)3.Beowulf is a ( pagan) poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society4.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of（pagan）5.The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two divisions, ( pagan) and (Christian).6.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing (knightly)adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.7.(Popular ballads) are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by the oral transmission.8.For nearly 400 years before the coming of the English, Britain had been a(Roman)province. After the Romans left Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates. 10.They were three tribes from Northern Europe: (Angles) (Saxons),and (Jutes)11.（Alfred the Great）is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.12.In the year (1066), at the battle of (Hastings), the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons13.After the Norman Conquest, (feudal) system was established in English society14. (Geoffery Chaucer) the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poetry of England, was born in London about 1340.15.The hero in the romance is usually the ( knight).16.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ( Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales).17.When he died, Chaucer was buried in (Westminster Abbey )the Poet' s Corner18.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?( Romeo and Juliet). A. Othello B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Hamlet莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》19.Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a (couplet) with the rhyme scheme ( abab cdcd efef gg.)20.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme21.(Humanism) is the key-note of the (Renaissance).22.How many works did William Shakespeare produce? (37) plays, 154 sonnets and 7 long poems.23.Shakespeare’s Comedies are T he Merchant of Venice; The Twelfth Night; A24.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream and (As You Like it). {四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night}25.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.26.English Renaissance Period was an age of (drama) and (poetry)27.“Renaissance” is a (French) word that means "rebirth". It was a rebirth of learning and art.28.The Renaissance first began in (Italy) in the 13th and 14th centuries.29.One of the features of the Renaissance is the thirsty curiosity for the (classical) literature, especially Greek and Roman literature. Another feature is the keen interest in man and human activities.30.The (prologue) provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.31.Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the (London) dialect, so profusely used by the poet32.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? (Grendel)33.It was during the Roman rule that (Christianity) was introduced to Briton.34.The following are the poetic form of Beowulf, the use of (alliteration), (metaphors) and (understatement)35.In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, why does Gawain take the lady’s green girdle? (because he doesn’t want to die).36.（Edmund Spenser）was known as “the poets’ poet.”37.“To be, or not to be—that is the question” is taken fro (Hamlet)38.Christopher Marlowe, the pioneer of drama gave new vigor to (blank verse) with his mighty lines.II. Major Authors and Their WorksGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟Foreign Influences1. Boccaccio(薄伽丘）Decameron 《十日谈》2.Dante 但丁Three Stages1.The French period (1360~1372)Under the influence of French poetryThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》2. Italian period (1372~1385)Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceThe House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Cressie《特罗勒斯与克莱西》3. English period (1386~1400)Free from any foreign influenceThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《汉姆莱特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克佩斯》All's Well That Ends Well《终成眷属》Measure for Measure《量罪记》Thomas More 托马斯·摩尔Utopia《乌托邦》Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》III. Define the following terms.1.Epic：（史诗）A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It has historical root. Meanwhile, it incorporates myth, legend and folk tale. Many epics were transmitted orally by song and recitation before they were written down. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton’s Paradise Lost.2.Alliteration: is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other in a line. It is the basis of Old English verse. The two parts of a line in the poem are united by alliteration. 头韵法:头韵法是指两个或两个以上相邻或相近的词用相同的字母或声韵开头的修饰方法。

《英美文学》复习大纲第一部分英国文学一、课程简介本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。

二、课程重点章节简介：第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学1. <<贝尔武夫>>2. 乔叟及其代表作第二章: 文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴的定义2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗3. 培根的代表作第三章: 十七世纪英国文学1. 弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<失乐园>>选短第四章: 启蒙运动时期1. 新古典主义2. 伤感主义3. 笛福及代表作4. 蒲伯及代表作第五章: 浪漫主义时期1. 浪漫主义时期文学的特点2. 彭斯的创作特点及代表作3. 华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作4. 拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 布朗蒂姐妹的代表作第七章: 现代时期1. 现代主义文学2. 汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作三、本课程重点和难点内容简介第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学：1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。

3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗”第二章: 文艺复兴时期：1. 文艺复兴时期的时间界定2. “文艺复兴”的名词解释3. “人文主义”的名词解释4. 莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题5. 哈姆雷特的性格分析6. 英语解释《论学习》中的句子第三章: 十七世纪英国文学：1. 英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子2. 《失乐园》的主要内容和意义3. 《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析第四章: 启蒙运动时期：1. 启蒙运动时期的界定2. 新古典主义的基本主张和特色3. 伤感主义的名词解释4. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析5. 蒲伯的《论批评》的主题6. 英文解释《论批评》第五章: 浪漫主义时期：1. 浪漫主义时期的界定及文学特点2. 彭斯的诗歌的特点及其诗作“红玫瑰”3. 华兹华斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》的重要意义4. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点5. 英文解释华兹华斯“我如行云独自游”中的句子6. 拜伦“致希腊”的主题并用英语解释其中句子7. 雪莱“西风颂”的主题并用英语解释其中句子第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 艾米莉。

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, theyear of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD.mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as thenational ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. WilliamShakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that people could understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

选择10X2分填空10X3分名词解释5X4分简答5X4分论述1X10分选择&填空各章重要知识点：包扌臣各历史时期的文学流派特点标志，重要的代表作家及主要作品，作品的主要情节和主要人物。

名词解释&简答BeowulfepicalliterationballadRomanceHeroic CoupletsBlank VerseChaucer and The Canterbuiy Tales WilliamShakespeare&his great works SonnetMetaphysical PoetsThe RenaissanceEnlightenment RomanticismCritical RealismImagismModernismThe Stream of Consciousness 诗歌格律韵式辨析John Milton and Paradise LostJohn Bunyan and The Pilgrim? sProgress HumanismEnlightenmentNeoclassicismSentimantalism浪漫主义的重要诗人和代表作Byronic HeroesDramatic MonologueCritical RealismOedipus Complex 论述ChaucerShakespeareJohn MiltonHenry FieldingCharles DickensJane AustenThomas HardyRenaissance特点：1. There was a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.2eHumanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.Representative Figures1） Thomas More Utopia2） Thomas Wyatt He was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.3） John Lyly the novel Eupheus gave rise to the term "euphuisrrT（绮丽体）euphuism refers to an affectedly elegant literary style of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, characterized by elaborate alliteration, antitheses（对照）,and similes（明喻）•4） Christopher Marlowe Timur （《巾占木丿L》）he is known for his magnificent blank verse,《帖木儿》是一部英雄剧，塑造了一个叱咤风云却又野心勃勃的征服者形象，充分体现了文艺复兴时期的巨人精神。

《英美文学》复习纲要I. Define the following terms1. Lake poets:2. Pre-romanticism:3. Romanticism:4. Byronic heroes5.: Critical Realism:6. Dramatic monologue7. Neo-romanticism8. Naturalism9. Aestheticism10 Stream of consciousness11. .Imagism12. American PuritanismII. Reading comprehension：Passage1O my luve is like a red, red rose,That‟s newly sprung in June;O my luve is like the melodieThat‟s sweetly played in tune.2As fair thou art , my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a‟ the seas gang dry.3Till a‟ the seas gang dry, my dear ,And the rocks melt wi‟ the sun;And I will luve thee still , my dear,While the sands o‟life shall r un.4And fare thee weel,my only luve,And fare thee weel awhile;And I will come again, my luve,Tho‟it were ten thousand mile!Questions:1.The poem is entitled____________, written by ______________.2.The theme of the poem is about ________.3.The poem is written in _________dialect.4.The rhythm used in the odd-numbered lines is ______ while that used in the even-numbered lines is __________.5.The rhyme scheme employed in the first two stanzas of the poem is ____ and that employed in the last two stanzas is ___6.List two rhetorical devices used in the poem with one example each.Passage 2For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude,And then my heart with pleasure fillsAnd dances with the _______.…”Questions:1. Identify the poet and the title of the poem. (2 points)2. What is the last word at the end of the line? (1 points)3. What is the metrical pattern and rhyme scheme of the above excerpt? (4 points)4. Please paraphrase this stanza. (3 points)Passage 3She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and oh,The difference to me!1) Who was the writer?2) What is the name/ title of the poem?3) What does “and oh, /The difference to me!” imply?4) Why the writer use “unknown” and “know” in the same line?Passage 4I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the same string.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voices raise,And in their kind resound their Maker' s praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays?Questions:1.This is the ninth of the "Contemplations" written by an early American womanwriter. What is her name?2.Make a brief comment on this short poem.Passage 5HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.Thy holy word my distaff make for me.Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat,And make my soul thy holy spool to be.My conversation make to be thy reel,And reel the yam thereon spun of thy wheel. Questions:1. Identify the poet of this poem.2. Make a brief comment on this poemPassage 6Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,But such a tide as moving seems asleep,Too full for sound and foam,When that which drew from out the boundless deepTurns again home.Twilight and evening bell,And after that the dark!And may there be no sadness of farewell,When I embark;For though from out our bourne of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crossed the bar.Questions:1.Who is the author and what is the title of the poem?2. What are the images of the end of life in the poem?3. What is the theme of the poem?Passage 7"Standing on the bare ground—my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted in to infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparenteye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal being circulatethrough me; I am part or particle of God. "1. Which work is this selection taken from?2. How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these words?Passage 8The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________2.What is the title of this poem? _______________3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are “modern”?4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem? And whatfeeling and meaning does the poem express to you?III. Questions and Answers.1. What is the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?(In the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. He based his own poetical theory on the premise that good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. He appealed directly to individual sensation as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. Ordinary peasants and children may be used as subjects in the poetic creation. As to the language used in poetry, Wordsworth endeavored to bring language near to the real language of men.)2. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in“She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?3. What is the theme of “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?4. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/ A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/ One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.” The a bove quotation is taken from Shelley‟s poem …Ode to the West wind”. What does the underlined part mean?5. Why did Shelley wish to be “a dead leaf”, “a swift cloud” and asked the West wind to “lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud”?6. What is the image of “nightingale” in Keats‟“Ode to a Nightingale”?7. What are Austen‟s writing features Jane Austen?(She is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels. Austen‟s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small country parishes, whose simple country people became the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled. Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her pots are straight-forward; there is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Her prose flows easily and naturally. Her dialogue is admirably true to life.)8. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”?9. What is the character Rebecca Sharp?What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?10. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?(The major contribution is their perfection of the novel. Like the realists of the 18th century, the 19th century critical realist made use of the form of novel of full and detailed representations of social and political events, and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes. However, the realistic novels of the 19th century went a step further than those of the 18th century in that they not only pictured the conflicts between individuals who stood for definite social strata, but also showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals. Their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism, and their vivid description of the dramatic conflicts of the time make the 19th century realistic nov el “the epic of the bourgeois society”.)11. What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?12. Please make a brief statements of English critical realism.13. Please summarize the main principles of Mathew Arnold‟s literary criticism .14.Pease make a brief summary of the principles of Imagist movement .15.What are the main features of New England Transcendentalism.IV. Topic Discussione examples from Oliver Twist to illustrate the major themes of the novel.2.Please retell the story of The Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens , andthen make comments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.3.Please retell the story of Vanity Fair written by W. M. Thackeray , and then makecomments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.4.Please retell the story of Jane Eyre, and then make comments on it on the termsof its theme and characterization.5.Please retell the story of Wuthering Height, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.6.Please retell the story of Scarlet Letter, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.。

Chapter4 Victorian Period1836-19012. background（1）early years： rapid economic development as well as serious social problems（2）the next twenty years： prosperity and relative stability. a national spirit of earnestness，respectability， modesty domesticity（3）the last three decades： the decline of the British empire and the decay of the Victorian values3. idea：（1）Darwin‘s The Origin of Species； The Descent of Man shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith（2）Utilitarianism： whether it could promote the material happiness（3）socially conscious writers criticized（2）‘s depreciation of cultural values，cold indifference towards human feeling（4）literature： magnitude and diversity， romantically and realistically4.critical realist writers： criticized the society， concerned about the fate of common peopleCharles Dickens1.theme：critical realist writers， criticize： poverty， injustice， hypocrisy，corruptness2.works： Oliver Twist； The Pickwick Paper； David Copperfield； Domeby and Son； A Tale of Two Cities； Bleak House； Little Dorrit； Hard Times； Great Expectations3.characteristics：（1）he is skillful in the dialect and have a large vocabulary（2）character portrayal（3）characters are mostly innocent， helpless ，persecuted child characters（4）a mixture of humor and sympathism（5）bizarre figure， horrible4.Oliver Twist： the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse system and the dark criminal underworld lifeThe Bronte Sisters1.scene：vast，rough，untouched moorland wilderness2.Charlotte Bronte： Jane EyreMr. Rochester and Jane Eyre.Rochester： a grim-looking， energetic， quick-tempered， but an understanding middle-aged manJane Eyre： has a burning spirit and a longing to love and be lovedJane Eyre： struggles for recognition of her basic rights and equality as a woman. It‘s an individual conscious struggle towards self-realization. She gets joy through the sacrifice of herself or her weakness overcome3.Emily Bronte： Wuthering Heights（uses flashbacks）Nelly： Catherine‘s old nurse， narrator， told Mr.Lockwood， a temporary tenant the storyAlfred Tennyson1.Crossing the Bar； Ulysses； Break， Break， Break2.uation：Poet Laureate （Wordsworth， Southey）3.features：a powerful expression_r of the poet‘s philosophical and religious thoughts， his doubts about life， soul.Robert Browning1.features：perfects “dramatic monologue”， keeps readers onmouseover，thoughtful and enlightened2.works： My Last Dutches， in heroic couplets， dramatic monologueGeorge Eliot1.idea：founder of “stream of consciousness”， focus on inner struggle. hereditary influences govern human action. concern forthe destiny of woman. the tragedy of women lies in their very birth（hereditary influences）2.works features ：naturalistic and psychological novel3.works：Middlemarch：a full view of life in a small EnglishtownThomas Hardy1.uation：naturalist（wrance； Theodore Dreiser； George Eliot），also critical realist writer （Dickens）2.works：Wessex，The Return of the Nature； The Mayor of Casterbridge； Tess of the D‘Urbervilles； Jude the Obscure3.features：nostalgic（Washington Irving； F.Scott Fitzergerald； William Faulkner），also pessimistic4.naturalism：Darwin‘s idea of “survival of the fittest”（1）man is born with tragic，inevitably bound by his own hereditary traits（2）man proves powerless before fate however he tries，he seldom escapes his doomed destiny5.Tess of the D‘Urbervilles：（1）criticize the society， hypocrisy of the society（2）nauralism， the misery， poverty Tess suffersChapter5 The Modern Period （England）1.background：second half of the 19th century to early of the 20th decades（1）natural and social sciences enormously advanced（2）capitalism came into its monopoly stage（3）the gap between the rich and the poor was further deepened（4）World War 1 2 broke2.what ideas influence this period： all kinds of philosophical ideas（1）Karl Marx： scientific socialism（2）Darwin‘s theory of evolution，“survival of the fittest”（3）Freud‘s analytical psychology（4）The irrationalist philosophers give immense influence3.ideas：（1）Modernism originated from skepticism and disillusion of capitalism（2）The French symbolism announced modernism（3）takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.The major themes are the distorted，alienated and ill relationships4.difference between Modernism and RealismModernism is a reaction against realism in many aspects（1）Modernism rejects rationalism， which is the theoretical base of Realism（2）Modernism refects the source of Realism， i.e. the external， objective，material world（3）Modernism rejects almost all the traditional elements in literaturewence‘s works’ features：（1）he interests in exploring the psychological development， he thinks life impulse is man‘s instinct. any conscious oppression will cause distortion of the individual’s personality（2）make a psychological exploration of human relationships， especially those between men and women（3）he emphasizes that it‘s capitalist industrialization that turn man into inhuman machines. And the desires for power and money cause the alienation of human relationships6.John Osborne：“Look back in Anger”“Angry Young Man”， the working-class drama and the Theater of AbsurbGeorge Bernard Shawn1.idea：against “art for art‘s sake”， art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life， revealing social contradictions and educating common people2.works features： prolem plays， only one passion： indignation（1）showing one’s character by the expense of another’s（2）inversion3.works：Mrs Warren‘s Profession（a play about the economic oppression of woman）；St. Joan（historical play）； The Apple Cart（political play）； The Doctor’s Dilemma （political play）John Galsworthy1.works： trilogy：The Man of Property； In Chancery； To Let2.The Man of Property：Soames（husband），Irene（wife），Bosinney（wife‘s lover）the predominant possessive instinct of the ForsytesSoames represents the principle that the accumulation of wealth in the aim of life，for he considers everything in terms of one‘s property，he never pays any attention to his wife’s thoughts and feelings，he takes her merely as part of his own property.theme：human relationships of the contemporary English Society are merely an extension of property relationshipsWilliam Butler Yeats1.works：The Lake Isle of Innisfree； Down by the Salley GardensT.S.Eliot1.works：The Waste Land（1）presents physical disorder and spiritual decadence in the modern western society（2）reflects disillusion and despair of a whole post war generation.anguish，menace，sterility had been afflicting all sensitive members of the postwar generation（3）concerns with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning（4）reflects the 20th century people‘s disillusion and frustration in a meaningless and boring world2.works：The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock： dramatic monologue in ironic tonecontent： the meditation of an aging young man over the proposing marriagetheme： the speaker‘s incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class worldwence1.works：The Rainbow； Women in Love； Lady Chatterley‘s Lover2.Sons and Loverscontents： ignorant， drunken and brutish father（Mr.Morel）， the weary，frustrated mother（Mrs.Morel）， the intelligent and ambitious woman， tries to find emotional fulfillment in her sons（Paul）。

英美文学复习一、连线（重点）1.Benjamin Franklin（The Autobiography）2.Ralph Waldo Emerson（Nature；Self-Reliance）3.Henry David Thoreau（Walden）4.Edgar Allan Poe（The Raven）5.Nathaniel Hawthorne（the Minister’s Black Veil；The Scarlet Letter）6.Herman Melville（Moby Dick）7. Emily Dickinson (Wild Nights-Wild Nights!; A Bird Came down to the Wall; I Died for Beauty—But Was Scarce; Because I could Not Stop for Death)8.William Faulkner（A Rose for Emily）9. Arthur Miller (Death of a Salesman)1. Jonathan Edwards——Sinner in the Hands of Angry God/ freedom of will/the doctrine of original defended/the nature of true virture2. Benjamin Franklin——The Autobiography3. Ralph Waldo Emerson-Nature/ Self-Reliance/ the conduct of life/ representing men4. Henry David Thoreau-Walden/ civil disobedience/5. Edgar Allan Poe-The Raven/ annabel lee/ ulalume6.Nathaniel Hawthorne-the Minister’s Black V eil/ The Scarlet Letter/mosses from an old mansion/ the house of the seven gables/ twice-told tales/the marble faun7. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow--A psalm of life/ Evangeline/ the courtship of miles standish8. Herman Melville-Moby Dick/redburn/ Typee/Mardi/Billy Budd/9. Emily Dickinson-Wild Nights-Wild Nights! /Because I could Not Stop for Death/ a bird came down the walk/ I died for beauty-But was scarce10.Walt Whitman-When I heard the learn'd astronomer11. Stephen Crane- The Red Badge of Courage/ cavalry crossing a Ford12.Jack London-The Law of Life/the peope of the abyss/ war of the classes/the iron heel/revolution/the sea wolf/ the call of the wild13.Ezra Pound-In a station of the Metro/personae/ hugh selwyn/ the cantos/14. Robert Frost-The Road Not T aken\ Fire and Ice\ Mending Wall\Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening15. Thomas Stearns Eliot--the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock16. Sherwood Anderson--Sophistication, concering Helen White17.Ernest Hemingway-A Clean, W ell-lighted Place18. William Faulkner-death of a Salesma/ A rose for Emily二、填空独立前：1、早期英国殖民文学时期(1620-1820)Early colonial American literatureLiterature of Puritan New EnglandThe literature of hte age of reason and Enlightenment (1721-1826)美国独立战争之后：2、美国浪漫主义和超验主义时期（1820-1865）重点美国浪漫主义背景：主要战争///西进运动////工业化进程American Romanticism:American transcendentalism:（哲学化的浪漫主义）3、美国现实主义和自然主义(1865--1914)背景：美国内战(civil war)、达尔文进化论(Darwin's theory of evolution)、镀金时代（the gilded age）经济发展、移民(immigration)American realism :and American naturalism4、美国现代主义（1914-1945）背景：一战、城市化、移民、科技进步、现代科学的增长、弗洛伊德、德国卡尔马克思的影响1910s:Imagism意象主义1920s: Lost generationHarlem Renaissance 哈莱姆复兴运动（体现黑人意识觉醒）1930s: The Depression 大萧条The New Deal 罗斯福新政The Leftists 左派5、战后美国文学（1945-）背景：1960s counterculture movement反正统文化运动1970s Stagflation 经济滞涨The Me Decade1980s 科技进步，互联网技术Late 20th century the Beats :"beat generation" 垮了的一代Postmodernism 后现代主义三、名词解释(书上没有确切的概念，老师说尽量多答点，每个至少要答5-6句话) Transcendentalism: T is an idealistic philosophical and social movement which developed in New England around 1836in Platonism, ad Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature views or feminism and communal living. Ralph Wwaldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures.Naturalism：under the influences of Charles Darwin's evolution theory and Herbert Spencer's application of Darwin's theory in social relations, naturalists are especially concerned with how human being strives to find meaning in their experiences, how people fight against environment and other external forces, and what elements make people who and what they are.PuritansIndividualismLost generation: this is a term "applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the yearsfollowing the WWI, who rebelled against former ideals and values, but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism ".American Realism: R reacts against romanticism and sentimentalism. It express the concern for the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low. Features: versimilitude of detail derived from observation; a reliance on the representative in plot, setting and character; an objective rather than an idealizedview of human nature and experienceThe Gilded Age:In American history, the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. The name refers to the process of gilding an object with a superficial layer of gold and is meant to make fun of ostentatious display while playing on the term "golden age." American Enlightenment:it was a time when people gradually turned cool toward organized religion and became critical of governments. They palced their faith in the achievement of a new science. Its percepts can be found in the philosophy of Descartes and the wiritng of V olaire. American Romanticism四、问答5选21、Self-Reliance 表达的思想：Emerson believes in goodness and divinity in man who has access to God, the Universal Self. Since man is particle of God, he is able to rely on himself that is transcendental, noble and independent of external influence.2、浪漫主义的特点Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.1. Romanticism is characterized by a rejection on formal classical approaches to literature. It emphasizes sentiment over reason and views art as essentially an expression of the artist's thought and feeling.2. Romanticism has a tendency to exalt the individual and an increasing interest in the value. It views the individual at the very center of all life and all experience and tends to place him at the center of art.It regards literature as an expression of his thought ad feelings, and values it accuracy in portraying his experience.3. Romanticism emphasizes the individual's natural genius and his power of imagination,seeing art as a formulation of initiative imaginative perceptions that tend to speak a nobler truth than that of fact and logic.4. Romanticism sees nature as the relation of God to the individual.3、超验主义的特点P51The ultimate characteristic of transcedentalism is "the belief that man can intuitively transcend the limits of the scenes and those of logic, and the mundane methods of knowing". T has been defined philosophically as the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.4、富兰克林的The AutobiographyTemperance节制eat not to dullness. Drink not to ElevationSilence沉默speak not but what benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversationOrder生活秩序let all your things have their places. Let each of your business have its timeResolution决心resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail waht you resolve.Frugality俭朴make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e, wasted nothingIndustry勤勉lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off al unnecessary actions.Sincerity诚恳use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordinglyJustice公正wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty Moderation中庸适度avoid extremes. Forbear resenting. Injuries so much as you think they deserve.Cleanliness清洁tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloths or habitationsTranquility镇静be not disturbed at trifles, or accidents common or unavoidable. Chastity贞节rarely use venery but for health or offspring. Never to dullness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.Humility谦虚imitate Jesus and Socrates.5、nature 人与自然的关系：还没找到诶。

英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。

通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。

本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。

这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。

2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。

奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。

3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。

狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。

4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。

伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。

二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。

吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。

2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。

3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。

福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。

4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。

莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。

三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。