《对外经贸英语合同写作》第7-8章
- 格式:doc
- 大小:81.05 KB
- 文档页数:12
P-10This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and Buyers whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:(兹经买卖双方同意由卖方出售买方购进下列货物,并按下列条款签订本合同:)(The Sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less and the price shall be calculatedaccording to the unit price.)(卖方可多装或少装5%,价格仍按上述单价计算)3.Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks & War Risk as per the relevant O cean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China. If other coverage or an additional amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyers.保险:由卖方按中国人民保险公司海运输货物条款照发票金额总值110%投保一切险及战争险。
如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意,所增加的保险费由买方负担。
第九章商品价格条款•进出口商品的价格是决定企业经济效益的重要因素之一,也是交易双方磋商的中心内容。
合同中的价格条款是货物买卖合同的核心条款。
买卖双方在其他合同条款的得失,都会在价格条款中反映出来,价格条款的内容对合同中的其他主要条款会产生重要影响。
•价格条款是由单价(Unit Price)和总值(Amount)组成。
其中单价:•例如:US$ 982 per M/T CIF Singapore•每公吨982美元CIF 新加坡•单价包括:•价格术语(Trade terms)•佣金和折扣(Commission and Discount)•计量单位(Unit of Measurement)•计价货币(currency)•单位价格金额(amount of unit price)一、价格的构成•(一)贸易术语(Trade terms)•价格术语是关于价格条件的一种专门用语,即用一个简短的英文词语或缩写的英文字母表示商品的价格构成,买卖双方各自应办理的手续,承担的费用与风险以及货物所有权转移的界限。
•我国常用的贸易术语有五种: FOB 、CFR、FCA 、CPT和CIP(二)佣金和折扣(Commission and Discount)•佣金:•因中间商介绍生意或代买代卖由委托人向其支付一定的酬金。
•凡在合同价格条款中,明确规定了佣金的百分比,叫做"明佣"。
如"每公吨500欧元CIF汉堡含3%佣价"。
如不标明佣金而有关佣金的问题,由双方当事人另行约定,这种暗中约定佣金的做法,叫做"暗佣"。
•有:售货佣金(Selling commission)•购货佣金(Purchasing commission)•价格中含有佣金的多寡,视商品种类、交易数量大小、经办手续繁简、与竞争是否激烈而定。
通常多在百分之一至百分之五之间。
•折扣(discount)•指卖方按原价给予买方一定百分比的减让,即在价格上给予适当的优惠。
P-10This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and Buyers whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below:(兹经买卖双方同意由卖方出售买方购进下列货物,并按下列条款签订本合同:)(The Sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less and the price shall be calculatedaccording to the unit price.)(卖方可多装或少装5%,价格仍按上述单价计算)3.Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks & War Risk as per the relevant O cean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China. If other coverage or an additional amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyers.保险:由卖方按中国人民保险公司海运输货物条款照发票金额总值110%投保一切险及战争险。
如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意,所增加的保险费由买方负担。
国际经贸英语合同写作(第三版)・下册吴敏 著 暨南大学出版社图书在版编目(CIP)数据国际经贸英语合同写作(第三版)・下册/吴敏,吴明忠主编.—广州:暨南大学出版社,2005.9ISBN7-81079-088-9Ⅰ.国…Ⅱ.①吴…②吴…Ⅲ.国际贸易—买卖合同—英语—写作—高等学校—教学参考资料Ⅳ.F315中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2005)第010621号出版发行:暨南大学出版社地址:中国广州暨南大学电话:编辑部(8620)85221601 85226581营销部(8620)85227972 85220602(邮购)传真:(8620)85221583(办公室)85223774(营销部)邮编:510630网址: 排版:暨南大学出版社照排中心印刷:暨南大学印刷厂开本:787mm×1092mm 1/16印张: 5.625字数:144千版次:1999年2月第1版2005年9月第3版印次:2005年9月第5次印数:8001—14000册定价:7.50元(暨大版图书如有印装质量问题,请与总编室联系调换)目录…………………………………………第一章国际经贸合同写作常识和法律规范(略)(1)…………………………………………………………………第二章货物售卖合同写作(1)汉语参考译文(1)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(3)…………………………………………………………………第三章货物购买合同写作(4)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(4)………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(7)…………………………………………………………………第四章经销代理合同写作(9)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(9)………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(13)…………………………………………………………………第五章加工贸易合同写作(14)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(14)习题参考答案(17)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………第六章补偿贸易合同写作(18)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(18)………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(22)…………………………………………………………………第七章国际租赁合同写作(24)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(24)习题参考答案(28)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………第八章劳务出口合同写作(29)汉语参考译文(29)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(35)…………………………………………………………………第九章承包工程合同写作(36)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(36)………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(41)……………………………………………………………第十章合资经营企业合同写作(43)………………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(43)………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(54)…………………………………………………………第十一章合作经营企业合同写作(55)……………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(55)……………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(63)………………………………………………………………第十二章技术贸易合同写作(64)1汉语参考译文(64)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(76)………………………………………………………………第十三章国际借贷合同写作(78)……………………………………………………………………汉语参考译文(78)……………………………………………………………………习题参考答案(87) 2第一章国际经贸合同写常识和法律规范(略)第二章货物售卖合同写作汉语参考译文(B)售货确认书汉译中国轻工业品进出口公司上海市分公司中国上海虎丘路128号电话:电子邮件:传真:售货确认书编号:CRE2790日期:20年5月12日致:加利福尼亚州旧金山市94104加利福尼亚大街854号劳森公司电话:电子邮件:传真:签署本约的售买双方同意按下列条款成交:1.货物名称规格数量单价总值帆布木架折椅500把成本加运费到旧金山每把12美元6000美元2.装货港和目的港:由中国港口至美国旧金山。
《对外经贸英语合同写作》第7-8章对外经贸英语合同写作第七章商品包装条款商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动,具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。
在商品贸易中,除少数商品不需要包装,可直接采用散装(bulk cargo,cargo in bulk)、裸装((Nude cargo)形式运输、储存外,绝大多数都需要包装。
商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动,具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。
在商品贸易中,除少数商品不需要包装,可直接采用散装、裸装形式运输、储存外,绝大多数都需要包装。
包装条款(Packing Clause)一般包括包装材料(Packing materials)、包装方式(Packing style)、包装规格(Packing description)、包装标志和包装费用的负担等内容。
包装为达到坚固与耐抗的目的,应符合下列要求①减少漏损(Minimixe the leakage &breakage)、②耐抗各种气候(Resist the various climate condition)、③防止偷窃(Protect theft &piferage)。
避免出现“包装不良”(Insufficient packing)一、包装的种类(一)运输包装(packingfor shipment)运输包装,又称外包装(outer packing )或大包装(big packing)。
主要是用于保护商品,防止货损或货差,便于装卸搬运。
运输包装分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装两类。
1.单件运输包装(single packing for shipment)单件运输包装是指货物在运输过程中作为一个计件单位的包装。
按其包装造型的不同,可分为以下几种:1)箱装。
世纪商务英语外贸函电(教师用书)English Letter Writing in Foreign Trade主编吴思乐胡秋华副主编高文峻大连理工大学出版社前言《世纪商务英语—外贸函电》是新世纪高职高专教材编委会组编的商务英语类课程规划教材之一。
本书主要针对高职高专商务英语和其他涉外经贸专业的学生,也可以作为其他层次涉外经贸专业的外经贸英语教材。
同时,对正在从事或即将从事涉外经贸活动和贸易洽谈工作的广大外贸工作者来说,本书还可作为自学参考资料。
为方便教学和自学者学习,我们编写了与之配套的练习答案,并提供了常用表达部分的译文。
希望本书能对我们的读者有所帮助。
编者ContentsUnit 1 Fundamentals of Modern Business Letter Writing (4)第一章现代商务函电写作的基本知识Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations (7)第二章建立业务关系Unit 3 Inquiry (12)第三章询盘Unit 4 Offer (17)第四章发盘Unit 5 Counter-offer (22)第五章还盘Unit 6 Acceptance and Confirmation (27)第六章接受与确认Unit 7 Order and Contract (32)第七章订单与合同Unit 8 Payment and L/C (37)第八章支付与信用证Unit 9 Packing (42)第九章包装Unit 10 Shipment (47)第十章运输Unit11 Insur ance (52)第十一章保险Unit12 Complaint, Claim and Settlement (57)第十二章抱怨、索赔及理赔Unit 1 Fundamentals of Modern Business Letter Writing 第一章现代商务函电写作的基本知识Part Five Practical Training1. Arrange the Following in Proper Form as They Should Be SetOut in a Letter.(1) Sender’s Name: Guangzhou International Trading Corp.(2) Sender’s Address: 198 Yueken Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou,China(3) Sender’s Telephone: 85230000(4) Sender’s Cable Address: 5527GZ(5) Sender’s Telex Address: 3328 gz CN(6) Date: September 15, 2007(7) Receiver’s Name: Standard Oil Company(8) Receiver’s Address: 38 Fifth Avenue, London, U. K.(9) Subject: RefrigeratorsMessage:We thank you for your letter of September 3, 2007, inquiring for the captioned goods.The enclosed booklet contains details of all our refrigerators and will enable you to make a suitable selection.We look forward to receiving your specific inquiry with keen interest.Basically, there are four acceptable formats for business letters. Students can choose one of the layouts as his/her style. The following is just a sample. Guangzhou International Trading Corp.Address: 198 Yueken Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, ChinaTel: 85230000, Cable: 5527GZ, Telex: 3328 gz CNSeptember 15, 2007Standard Oil Company38 Fifth Avenue,London, U. K.Dear Sir or Madam:Subject:RefrigeratorsWe thank you for your letter of September 3, 2007, inquiring for the captioned goods.The enclosed booklet contains details of all our refrigerators and will enable you to make a suitable selection.We look forward to receiving your specific inquiry with keen interest.Yours faithfully,…2. Address an Envelope for the Above Letter.Since we use the Full-block Style for the letter composing, we should also use the Full-block Style for the envelope.Unit 2 Establishing Business Relations第二章建立业务关系Part Three Other Commonly Used Expressions and SentencesTypical Sentences1. We are one of the leading importers of ceramic products in America. We’dlike to establish business relationship with your corporation. (我们是美国陶瓷制品的主要进口商之一,愿与贵公司建立业务关系。
国际经贸英语合同写作翻译International Trade and Business English Contract Writing and TranslationIn today’s globalized world, international trade and business transactions are becoming increasingly prevalent. As a result, the ability to communicate effectively in international trade and business English is becoming a highly sought-after skill. One of the most important aspects of conducting international business is the ability to draft and translate contracts accurately and efficiently. In this article, we will explore the key elements and best practices for writing and translating international trade and business English contracts.1. Introduction to International Trade and Business English ContractsInternational trade and business English contracts are legal documents that outline the terms and conditions agreed upon by the involved parties. These contracts provide a framework for the parties' commercial relationship and dictate the rights and obligations of each party. When drafting an international trade and business English contract, it is crucial to ensure clarity, precision, and conformity to legal requirements.2. Structure of International Trade and Business English ContractsInternational trade and business English contracts typically consist of several key sections:a. Header: The contract should include a header that clearly states the title of the contract, the date of execution, and the names and addresses of the parties involved.b. Introduction: The introduction section provides a brief overview of the purpose and background of the contract. It may also include definitions of key terms used throughout the document.c. Agreement: The agreement section outlines the terms and conditions agreed upon by the parties. This section should cover important aspects such as payment terms, delivery obligations, quality standards, liability and indemnity provisions, dispute resolution mechanisms, and termination clauses.d. Governing Law and Jurisdiction: This section specifies the laws that will govern the interpretation and enforcement of the contract. It also identifies the jurisdiction where any disputes arising from the contract will be resolved.e. Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure: If the contract involves the exchange of sensitive information, a confidentiality and non-disclosure section should be included to protect the parties' proprietary information.f. Force Majeure: This section addresses unforeseeable circumstances that may prevent the parties from fulfilling their contractual obligations, such as natural disasters or political unrest.g. Miscellaneous: The miscellaneous section covers any additional provisions or clauses that are relevant to the specific contract.3. Best Practices for Writing International Trade and Business English ContractsWhen writing international trade and business English contracts, it is important to follow best practices to ensure clarity and avoid ambiguity. Here are some tips to enhance the quality of your contract writing:a. Use Clear and Concise Language: Contracts should use plain English and avoid legal jargon as much as possible. Clear and concise language ensures that all parties can understand the terms and conditions without confusion.b. Define Key Terms: Key terms used throughout the contract should be defined to prevent any misinterpretation. This ensures that all parties have a common understanding of the contract's provisions.c. Be Specific and Detailed: Contracts should provide specific and detailed information regarding obligations, deadlines, quantities, prices, and any other relevant details. This minimizes the risk of misunderstandings or disputes.d. Ensure Consistency: The language and format used throughout the contract should be consistent. This includes consistent use of defined terms, numbering, and references.4. Translation Considerations for International Trade and Business English ContractsTranslation is a critical aspect of international trade and business English contracts, especially when dealing with parties from different language backgrounds. Here are some considerations for effective contract translation:a. Engage Professional Translators: Contracts require precise translation to ensure accuracy and maintain legal integrity. It is advisable to engage professional translators who have expertise in legal translation and a good understanding of the specific industry.b. Cultural Sensitivity: Contracts are influenced by the legal and business practices of different countries. Translators should be aware of cultural nuances and adapt the language and content accordingly to ensure the translated contract aligns with the target market's expectations.c. Proofreading and Review: Translated contracts should undergo rigorous proofreading and review processes to eliminate errors and ensure accuracy in the final document. This may involve involving the contracting parties or legal experts fluent in the target language.Conclusion:Writing and translating international trade and business English contracts require a thorough understanding of legal and business practices, as well as effective communication skills. By following the key elements and best practices outlined in this article, individuals and businesses can enhance their ability to draft and translate contracts accurately and efficiently. This will serve to strengthen their international trade and business endeavors and build strong and successful partnerships across borders.。
国际经贸英语合同写作(第三版)・上册吴敏 著 暨南大学出版社内容简介此书专门论述我国当前常用的12大类国际经贸英语合同的写作理论、方法和技巧,旨在给从事涉外经济、贸易、金融、法律、翻译工作的人员、在校和自学的学生提供比较全面、系统、规范、实用的帮助。
全书共十三章:第一章讲述国际经贸合同写作常识和法律规范,是指导全书的总纲。
其余十二章则分别论述货物售卖、货物购买、经销代理、加工贸易、补偿贸易、国际租赁、劳务出口、承包工程、合资经营企业、合作经营企业、技术贸易、国际借贷等12大类英语合同的写作。
每章又分四节:第一节写作要求,含写作理论、要点、方法、注意事项;第二节阅读材料,含代表性合同、协议、有关文件、短小精悍的常用语句,以供阅读理解;第三节参考资料,针对阅读材料,就英语的用法、搭配,同义词的辨别、使用,有关国际经贸业务和涉外法律知识等方面进行举例、说明、分析、补充,有助于对各类合同深入学习理解;第四节写作练习,根据阅读材料,编制出英译汉、汉译英、填空、选择等四种习题,以供写作操练。
此外,所有英语阅读材料的汉语参考译文和全部习题的参考答案置于本书下册,以供自学者对照阅读和自我评改。
图书在版编目(CIP)数据国际经贸英语合同写作(第三版)・上册/吴敏,吴明忠主编.—广州:暨南大学出版社,2005.9ISBN7-81029-815-1Ⅰ.国…Ⅱ.①吴…②吴…Ⅲ.国际贸易—贸易实务Ⅳ.F740.4出版发行:暨南大学出版社地址:中国广州暨南大学电话:总编室(8620)85221601 85226581营销部(8620)85227972 85220602(邮购)传真:(8620)85221583(办公室)85223774(营销部)邮编:510630网址: 排版:暨南大学出版社照排中心印刷:暨南大学印刷厂开本:787mm×1092mm 1/16印张:13.5字数:345千版次:1999年2月第1版2005年9月第3版印次:2005年9月第5次印数:12001—18000册定价:22.00元(暨大版图书如有印装质量问题,请与总编室联系调换)修订说明本书于1999年2月面世以后,我国的国际经贸形势发生了巨大的变化,主要是:①新的《中华人民共和国合同法》的颁布实施和旧的《中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法》的同时废止,我们的国际经贸合同必须按照新合同法加以规范;②我国已于2001年12月11日正式加入世界贸易组织(WTO),我国的有关法律法规需要进行必要的修改,以便与WTO 的规则接轨,我们的国际经贸合同写作也需要加以同步改进,以便迎接“入世”后的机遇和挑战。
对外经贸英语合同写作第七章商品包装条款商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动,具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。
在商品贸易中,除少数商品不需要包装,可直接采用散装(bulk cargo,cargo in bulk)、裸装((Nude cargo)形式运输、储存外,绝大多数都需要包装。
商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动,具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。
在商品贸易中,除少数商品不需要包装,可直接采用散装、裸装形式运输、储存外,绝大多数都需要包装。
包装条款(Packing Clause)一般包括包装材料(Packing materials)、包装方式(Packing style)、包装规格(Packing description)、包装标志和包装费用的负担等内容。
包装为达到坚固与耐抗的目的,应符合下列要求①减少漏损(Minimixe the leakage &breakage)、②耐抗各种气候(Resist the various climate condition)、③防止偷窃(Protect theft &piferage)。
避免出现“包装不良”(Insufficient packing)一、包装的种类(一)运输包装(packingfor shipment)运输包装,又称外包装(outer packing )或大包装(big packing)。
主要是用于保护商品,防止货损或货差,便于装卸搬运。
运输包装分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装两类。
1.单件运输包装(single packing for shipment)单件运输包装是指货物在运输过程中作为一个计件单位的包装。
按其包装造型的不同,可分为以下几种:1)箱装。
主要有纸箱包装、木箱包装、塑料箱包装等。
箱内一般还衬用防潮纸或塑料薄膜,有时还村有锌箔( Zinclined)或锡箔(Tinlined) 。
箱外通常加打包装条或塑料带。
①箱(Case, box) c/-,c/s, bx, bxs, wooden case②crate(crs,crts) 板条箱,柳条箱/格子箱,漏孔箱(skeleton case)③chest(cst, csts) 茶箱④carton(crt,crts) 纸箱2)捆(bale)3) 袋装(bag)布袋(sack,sx,sxs)、麻袋(gunny bag)、纸袋(paper bag)、塑料袋(polybag)、塑料编织袋(Plastic woven bag )、纸塑复合袋(paper plastic compound bag) 、多层塑复合袋(multi-layer composite plastic bags)等。
4)桶装(barrel)木桶(wooden cast)、金属桶(iron drum)、塑料桶(plastic cast)坛(demijohn, carboy), 瓮(jar),罐(can), 听(tin), 篓(basket), 卷(roll, reel, coil), 捆(bundle) , 瓶(bottle), 笼(cage),懢(kennel)2. 集合运输包装(conbine packing for shipment)1) 托盘(pallet) 。
即是将货物堆放在用木材、塑料或金属制成的托盘上用金属绳索。
塑料薄膜等加以固定而组成的一件大包装。
网状可折叠式托盘箱托盘2) 集装箱(container)。
集装箱是指用金属板或木材、纤维板制成的长方形,可装5~4吨货物的坚固耐用,多次周转使用的大货箱。
分为散装干货箱、冷藏货箱、通风货箱、绝热货箱、液体货箱、通顶货箱等多种。
20ft:2.35*2.39*5.9(28m3) 40ft:2.35*2.38*12.03(58m3) 40hq:2.35*2.69*12.03(68m3)3)集装袋(flexible container):即是利用合成纤维或复合材料编织成内圆形大口袋或方形大包。
集装包和集装袋,有一次性使用和可回收周转使用两种,其容量随着所用材料和生产工艺的不同而分为l~4吨,甚至多达成1或3吨等若干规格。
适用于盛装已经包装好的桶、袋、箱形单件包装货物,或粉状、粒状的化工产品,水泥、磨料、矿产品等散装货物。
常用1—4t, Max:13t(二)销售包装(Selling Packing )也叫小包装,内包装:SmallPacking/Inner Packing/Immediate Packing/ Immediate Packing内部与每件商品直接接触的包装,保护商品品质,提高商品价值,美化宣传商品,便于商品陈列,方便消费者识别,选购,携带的作用,从而促进销售,提高商品价值.。
包装的装潢及文字说明1. 条形码(bar code)美国加拿大UPC(Universal Product Code)码, 由美国统一代码委员会编制欧盟12国EAN(European Article Number Association)-13码,由欧洲十二国成立的欧洲物品编码协会,后改名为国际物品编码协会,它已成为国际公认的物品编码标识系统;(中国使用此条码)1-3:国家代码(中国690 691 692),4-7: 制造商代码8-12:商品代码,13:校验码(系统自动生成)2. 包装盒(packing box)彩盒color, 展示盒displaying box, 礼品盒gift box3. 其他包装要件说明书instruction booklet,吊卡card,商标logo,标贴label,不干胶sticker (三)包装表达法1)“in”用某物,某种形式包装in cases 用箱装,打包散装麻袋装,然后装托盘2) “in …of…(each)”或“in …,each of ”或“in…, each containing” 用某物包装,每件装多少例如:①用木箱装,每箱装50打②铁桶装,每桶净重100公斤③木箱装,每箱20打,每打用塑料袋包装④12罐,每罐5磅3) “in…of…(each),…to…用某物包装,每件装多少,若干见装于一大件中例如:用盒装,每打装一盒,100盒装一木箱In boxes of a dozen each, 100 boxes to a wooden case试写出下面表达:1. 麻袋装,每袋净重100公斤2. 用盒装,两打装一盒,20盒装一纸箱3.木箱装,内衬两层蜡质,每箱净重15公斤,4盒装一木箱用牛皮纸袋装,每袋净重50公斤,外包麻袋填塞物或衬垫物(Padding)常见的有:屑纸(Paperscrap)、新闻纸(Newspaper)、刨花(Excelsior)、木屑(Saw dust)、废棉(Waste cotton wool)稻草(straw)、塑胶碎片、polyfoam(保力龙)是指在运输包装外部书写、压印、贴印。
刷制的图形、文字、数字制作的特定记号和说明事项。
它也是某些装运单证上不可缺少的项目。
内容。
按其用途分为运输标志(shipping mark)、指示性标志(indicative mark)、危险品标志(warning mark)三类。
(一)运输标志(shipping mark)在运输业务中称为“唛头”。
包装容器上用油墨、油漆、或以(stencil)加印唛头,通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字和文字组成。
其作用是便于在装卸、运输、存储过程中识别、点数,防止错发错运,便于收货人收货。
唛头通常由三个部分组成:1.收货人及/或发货人名称的代用简字、代号和简单的几何图形(有时不用几何图形) ;2. 参照号码(Ref. No.),如:买卖合同号码,订单号码或发票号码;3. 目的地(Destination);4. 件数号码(CTN No.),包装货物每件的顺序吨和总件数均需标上,如:No.1/100,No.2/100直到No.100/100);一般每件货物上应刷有表示顺序的件号。
在实际业务中,经常既刷顺序件号又刷总件号,有的仅刷统号(例如NOS. 1一100,每件包装上均刷此统号)。
有的运输标志还按照买方的要求列入合同号码、信用证号码或进口许可证号码等,依国际公约的规定,唛头字体最小须有二平方吋。
如:SMCO 收件人New York 目的港95/c no.345789 合同号(或订单号,发票号)No. 2/100 批件号其他事项:1.要求:简明清晰,大小适当,易于辨认,颜色牢固,部位得当.2.其他内容:L/C No;Container and sale No,Made in china3.注意:每行不得超过17字符各种图形及表达△三角形(triangle), ◇菱形(diamond),○圆形(circle),□正方形(rectangle)▆方形(square),平行四边形(parallogram)正六边形(hexagon),十字型(cross)椭圆形(oval),♡心形(heart)▽倒三角形(downward triangle) ,双三角形(double triangle/ crossed triangle)★星形(star),#形(diamond with crossed ends),对三角形(touching triangle hourglass),♢暨菱形(upright diamond),三菱形(three diamond)(二)指示标志(Indicative Mark)是提示人们在装卸、运输和保管过程中需要注意的事项,一般都是以简单、醒目的图形和文字在包装上标出,故有人称其为注意标志。
国际标准化组织(ISO)、国际航空运输协会(IATA)、国际铁路货运协会(RID)等国际组织分别制定了包装储运性指示性标志。
我国基本上采用这些标志;this side up / this end up 此端向上handle with care/care handle 小心搬运Use no hooks/no hooks 请勿用钩keep cool 保持冷却keep dry 保持干燥keep in cool place 放置冷却to be kept upright 竖立安放KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT 远离热气FRAGILE 小心易碎GLASS WITH CARE 小心玻璃HEAVE HERE 此处举起OPEN HERE 此处开启SLING HERE 此处悬索GUARD AGAINST WET 勿使受潮NO SMOKING 严禁烟火KEEP FLAT 注意平放PORCELAIN WITH CARE 小心瓷器NEVER LAY FLAT/ NEVER BY FLAT/ NOT TO BE LAID FLAT 请勿平放(三)警告标志(Warning Mark)又称危险标志(dangerous Mark)。