生物化学第3章氨基酸.pptx
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氨基酸、多肽第三章氨基酸多肽与蛋白质第一节蛋白质概论Proteins are polymers(多聚体) of amino acids.(氨酸)p-20 amino acids (氨基酸) millions of proteins with different properties and activities.Protein structures are studied at primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels.-αhelix, βsheets, globular, complexes, denaturation and folding. Proteins have widely diverse forms and functions.-enzymes(酶), hormones(激素,荷尔蒙), antibodies(抗体),transporters(转运蛋白),muscle(肌肉),lens protein of eyes(眼睛晶状体),spider webs(蜘蛛网),rhinoceros horn(犀牛角),antibiotics(抗生素),mushroom poisons(蘑菇毒素).)antibiotics()mushroom poisons()一、蛋白质的化学组成与分类1、元素组成碳50%氢7%氧23%氮16%硫0-3%微量的磷、铁、铜、碘、锌、钼。
氮平均含16%。
凯氏定氮:粗蛋白质含量=蛋白氮×6.252、氨基酸组成蛋白质是由20种L-型α氨基酸组成的长链分子The earliest studies of proteins focused on the free amino acids derived from these proteins.•The 1st amino acid (asparagine) was discovered in 1806 from asparagus (芦笋) (a green vegetable).•The last (threonine) was not identified until 1938!•All the amino acids were given a trivial (common) name. Glutamate from wheat gluten (面筋) (sticky). Tyrosine from cheese (“tyros” in Greek).3、分类(1)按组成:简单蛋白:结合蛋白:核蛋白,糖蛋白,脂蛋白,色蛋白,磷蛋白,黄素蛋白,金属蛋白(2)、按分子外形的对称程度:球状蛋白质纤维状蛋白质、膜蛋白质)按功能分(3)、按功能分:酶、运输蛋白、营养和贮存蛋白、激素、受体蛋白、运动蛋白、结构蛋白、防御蛋白。